List of invasive species in Florida

The Burmese python is considered an invasive species in Florida

Invasive species in Florida are introduced organisms that cause damage to the environment, human economy, or human health in Florida.[1] Native plants and animals in Florida are threatened by the spread of invasive species.[2] Florida is a major biodiversity hotspot in North America and the hospitable sub-tropical climate has also become a hotspot for invasive plants and animals due to anthropogenic introduction.[3][4]

## Animals

[edit]

### Mammals

[edit]

* Axis axis (Chital)[5]
* Cricetomys gambianus (Gambian pouched rat)[6]
* Chlorocebus sabeus (Green monkey)[7][8]
* Dasypus novemcinctus (Nine-banded armadillo)[9][10]
* Felis catus (Domestic cat)[11]
* Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Capybara) [12]
* Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque)[13][14]
* Mus musculus (House mouse)[15]
* Myocastor coypus (Nutria)[16][17]
* Rattus norvegicus (Brown rat)[18]
* Rattus rattus (Black rat)[19]
* Sciurus aureogaster (Mexican gray squirrel)[20][21]
* Sus scrofa (Wild boar) [22]
* Vulpes vulpes (Red fox)[23][24]

### Birds

[edit]

* Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose)[25]
* Cairina moschata (Muscovy duck)[26][27]
* Columba livia domestica (Feral pigeon)[28][29]
* Passer domesticus (House sparrow)[30][31]
* Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl)[32][33]
* Sturnus vulgaris (European starling)[34][35]

### Reptiles

[edit]

* Agama picticauda (Peter’s rock agama)[36][37][38]
* Anolis equestris (Knight anole)[39][40]
* Anolis sagrei (Brown anole)[41]
* Boa constrictor (Boa constrictor)[42][43]
* Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled caiman)[44][45]
* Chamaeleo calyptratus (Veiled chameleon)[46][47]
* Ctenosaura pectinata (Western spiny-tailed iguana)[48]
* Ctenosaura similis (Black spiny-tailed iguana)[49][48]
* Eunectes murinus (Green anaconda)[50]
* Eunectes notaeus (Yellow anaconda)[51]
* Furcifer oustaleti (Malagasy giant chameleon)[47]
* Furcifer pardalis (Panther chameleon)[47]
* Gekko gecko (Tokay gecko)[52]
* Hemidactylus frenatus (Common house gecko)[53]
* Hemidactylus turcicus (Mediterranean gecko)[54]
* Iguana iguana (Green iguana)[55][56]
* Malayopython reticulatus (Reticulated python)[57]
* Phelsuma grandis (Madagascar giant day gecko)[52]
* Python bivittatus (Burmese python);[58] see main article, Burmese pythons in Florida
* Python sebae (African rock python)[59][60]
* Salvator merianae (Argentine black and white tegu)[61][62]
* Trachemys scripta elegans (Red-eared slider)[63][64]
* Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor)[65][66][67]

### Amphibians

[edit]

* Eleutherodactylus coqui (Common coquí)[68]
* Eleutherodactylus planirostris (Greenhouse frog)[69]
* Osteopilus septentrionalis (Cuban tree frog)[70]
* Rhinella marina (Cane toad)[71]

### Fish

[edit]

* Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin goby)[72]
* Amphilophus citrinellus (Midas cichlid)[73]
* Astronotus ocellatus (Oscar)[74][75]
* Belonesox belizanus (Pike killifish)[76][77]
* Channa aurolineata (Goldline snakehead)[78][79]
* Chitala ornata (Clown featherback)[80]
* Cichla ocellaris (Butterfly peacock bass)[81][82]
* Cichlasoma bimaculatum (Black acara)[83][84]
* Clarias batrachus (Walking catfish)[85][86][87]
* Ctenopharyngodon idella (Grass carp)[88]
* Cyprinus carpio (Eurasian carp)[89][90][91]
* Hemichromis letourneuxi (African jewelfish)[92][93]
* Herichthys cyanoguttatus (Texas cichlid)[94]
* Heros severus (Banded cichlid)[95]
* Heterotilapia buttikoferi (Zebra tilapia)[96]
* Hoplosternum littorale (Brown hoplo)[97]
* Hypostomus plecostomus (Suckermouth catfish)[98]
* Ictalurus furcatus (Blue catfish)[99]
* Mayaheros urophthalmus (Mayan cichlid)[100][101][102]
* Monopterus albus (Asian swamp eel)[103][104]
* Oreochromis aureus (Blue tilapia)[105][106]
* Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia)[107]
* Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)[108]
* Parachromis managuensis (Jaguar cichlid)[109]
* Pterois miles (Common lionfish)[110][111][112]
* Pterois volitans (Red lionfish)[110][111][113]
* Pelmatolapia mariae (Spotted tilapia)[114][115]
* Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Vermiculated sailfin catfish)[116]
* Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (Orinoco sailfin catfish)[117]
* Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Amazon sailfin catfish)[118]
* Pylodictis olivaris (Flathead catfish)[119]
* Sarotherodon melanotheron (Blackchin tilapia)[120]

### Invertebrates

[edit]

* Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito)[121]
* Aethina tumida (Small hive beetle)[122]
* Amynthas agrestis (Crazy worm)[123]
* Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly)[124]
* Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)[125]
* Apis mellifera scutellata (African bee)[126]
* Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Cycad aulacaspis scale)[127]
* Bugula neritina (Brown bryozoan)[128]
* Cactoblastis cactorum (Cactus moth)[129]
* Cerataphis lataniae (Palm aphid)[130]
* Cnestus mutilatus (Camphor shot borer)[131]
* Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan subterranean termite) [132]
* Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite)[133]
* Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam)[134][135]
* Cordylophora caspia (Euryhaline hydroid)[136]
* Cryptotermes brevis (Powderpost termite)[137]
* Culex quinquefasciatus (Southern house mosquito)[138]
* Dinoderus minutus (Bamboo borer)[139]
* Euglossa dilemma (green orchid bee)[140]
* Glycaspis brimblecombei (Red gum lerp psyllid)[141]
* Harmonia axyridis (Harlequin ladybird)[142]
* Heterotermes cardini (West Indian subterranean termite)[133]
* Hypogeococcus pungens (Cactus mealybug)[143]
* Icerya purchasi (Cottony cushion scale)[144]
* Incisitermes minor (Western drywood termite)[133]
* Leptocybe invasa (Blue gum chalcid wasp)[145]
* Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)[146]
* Lissachatina fulica (African giant land snail)[147]
* Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Pink hibiscus mealybug)[148]
* Marisa cornuarietis (Colombian ramshorn apple snail)[149]
* Melanoides tuberculata (Red-rimmed melania)[150]
* Metamasius callizona (Mexican bromeliad weevil)[151]
* Nasutitermes corniger (Conehead termite)[133]
* Opogona sacchari (Banana moth)[152]
* Paratachardina pseudolobata (Lobate lac scale)[153][154]
* Pheidole megacephala (Big-headed ant)[155]
* Phenacoccus solenopsis (Cotton mealybug)[156]
* Platydemus manokwari (New Guinea flatworm)[157]
* Pomacea maculata (island applesnail)[158]
* Polyandrocarpa zorritensis[159]
* Raoiella indica (Red palm mite)[160]
* Solenopsis invicta (Red imported fire ant)[161]
* Tapinoma melanocephalum (Ghost ant)[162]
* Trichomyrmex destructor (Singapore ant)[163]
* Tubastraea coccinea (Orange cup coral)[164]
* Wasmannia auropunctata (Electric ant)[165]
* Xanthogaleruca luteola (Elm leaf beetle)[166]
* Xyleborinus saxeseni (Fruit-tree pinhole borer)[167]
* Xylosandrus compactus (Black twig borer)[168]
* Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle)[169]
* Zachrysia provisoria (Cuban brown snail)[170]

## Plants

[edit]

The non-governmental organization FISC published the following list of invasive plant species in 2023.[171] Formerly known as Florida Exotic Plant Pest Council (FLEPPC), the council changed its name to Florida Invasive Species Council (FISC) to retire outdated terminology.[172][173]

Three species have been added to Category I since 2019, and Category II now includes four additional species.[174][175][176] The watch list from FISC highlights species of concern which are not yet included in the Category I or II lists.[177]

The FISC list is a recommendation for natural resource managers, environmental education, and volunteer removal, but is not regulatory by law.[173] State regulated plant species are listed in the State of Florida Noxious Weed List, and the State of Florida Prohibited Aquatic Plants List.[178] Many of the non-native plant species documented in Florida are assessed for invasive potential by UF/IFAS.[179]

FISC describes Category I species as plants which displace native species, disrupt ecological functions, or hybridize with native species.[180] Category II species have not yet altered Florida plant communities to the extent shown by Category I species, but may be assigned to Category I if enough negative impact is reported.[180]

### Category I

[edit]

* Abrus precatorius
* Acacia auriculiformis
* Albizia julibrissin
* Albizia lebbeck
* Ardisia crenata
* Ardisia elliptica
* Asparagus aethiopicus
* Bauhinia variegata
* Bischofia javanica
* Calophyllum antillanum
* Casuarina equisetifolia
* Casuarina glauca
* Cenchrus purpureus (Pennisetum purpureum)
* Cinnamomum camphora
* Colocasia esculenta
* Colubrina asiatica
* Cupaniopsis anacardioides
* Cyperus blepharoleptos*
* Deparia petersenii
* Dioscorea alata
* Dioscorea bulbifera
* Dolichandra unguis-cati (Macfadyena unguis-cati)
* Eichhornia crassipes
* Eugenia uniflora
* Ficus microcarpa
* Heptapleurum actinophyllum
* Hydrilla verticillata
* Hygrophila polysperma
* Hymenachne amplexicaulis
* Imperata cylindrica
* Ipomoea aquatica
* Jasminum dichotomum
* Jasminum fluminense
* Lantana strigocamara (traditionally misidentified as L. camara)
* Ligustrum lucidum
* Ligustrum sinense
* Lonicera japonica
* Ludwigia peruviana
* Lumnitzera racemosa
* Luziola subintegra
* Lygodium japonicum
* Lygodium microphyllum
* Manilkara zapota
* Melaleuca quinquenervia
* Melinis repens syn. Rhynchelytrum repens
* Microsorum grossum \- previously misidentified as M. scolopendria
* Microstegium vimineum
* Mimosa pigra
* Nandina domestica
* Nephrolepis brownii
* Nephrolepis cordifolia
* Neyraudia reynaudiana
* Nymphoides cristata
* Paederia cruddasiana
* Paederia foetida
* Panicum repens
* Pistia \- actually likely a native cryptogenic species, but listed as invasive[181][182]
* Psidium cattleianum
* Psidium guajava
* Pueraria montana var. lobata syn. P. lobata
* Rhodomyrtus tomentosa
* Ruellia simplex (syn. R. brittoniana, R. tweediana, R. caerulea, R. simplex)
* Salvinia minima
* Scaevola taccada
* Schinus terebinthifolius
* Scleria eggersiana*
* Scleria lacustris
* Scleria microcarpa
* Senna pendula var. glabrata
* Solanum tampicense
* Solanum viarum
* Sporobolus jacquemontii
* Syngonium podophyllum
* Syzygium cumini
* Tectaria incisa
* Thelypteris opulenta
* Thespesia populnea
* Tradescantia fluminensis
* Tradescantia spathacea*
* Triadica sebifera syn. Sapium sebiferum
* Urena lobata
* Vitex rotundifolia

### Category 2

[edit]

* Adenanthera pavonina
* Agave sisalana
* Alstonia macrophylla
* Alternanthera philoxeroides
* Antigonon leptopus
* Ardisia japonica
* Aristolochia elegans Aristolochia littoralis
* Asystasia gangetica
* Begonia culcullata
* Broussonetia papyrifera
* Bruguiera gynnorhiza
* Callisia fragrans
* Casuarina cunninghamiana
* Cecropia palmata
* Cenchrus polystachios (Pennisetum polystachion)
* Cenchrus setaceus (Pennisetum setaceum)
* Cestrum diurnum
* Chamaedorea seifrizii
* Clematis terniflora
* Cocos nucifera
* Crassocephalum crepidioides
* Cryptostegia madagascariensis
* Cyperus involucratus
* Cyperus prolifer
* Dactyloctenium aegyptium
* Dalbergia sissoo
* Dalechampia scandens
* Distimake tuberosus (Merremia tuberosa)
* Dracaena hyacinthoides (Sansevieria hyacinthoides)
* Elaeagnus pungens
* Elaeagnus umbellata
* Epipremnum pinnatum
* Eulophia graminea
* Ficus altissima
* Flacourtia indica
* Hemarthria altissima
* Heteropterys brachiata
* Hyparrhenia rufa
* Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa
* Kalanchoe pinnata
* Kalanchoe x houghtonii
* Koelreuteria elegans subsp. formosana
* Landoltia punctata (Spirodela punctata)
* Leucaena leucocephala
* Limnophila sessiliflora
* Livistona chinensis
* Macroptilium lathyroides
* Melaleuca viminalis (Callistemon viminalis)
* Melia azedarach
* Melinis minutiflora
* Mikania micrantha
* Momordica charantia
* Murraya paniculata
* Myriophyllum spicatum
* Passiflora biflora
* Phoenix reclinata
* Phyllostachys aurea
* Pittosporum pentandrum
* Platycerium bifurcatum
* Praxelis clematidea
* Pteris tripartita*
* Pteris vittata
* Ptychosperma elegans
* Richardia grandiflora
* Ricinus communis
* Rotala rotundifolia
* Ruellia blechum
* Selenicereus pteranthus*
* Sesbania punicea
* Sida planicaulis
* Solanum diphyllum
* Solanum torvum
* Spermacoce verticillata Does not include the native endemic Spermacoce neoterminalis.
* Sphagneticola trilobata (Wedelia triloba)
* Stachytarpheta cayennensis Produces a hybrid with the Florida native species Stachytarpheta jamaicensis known as Stachytarpheta x intercedens[183]
* Syagrus romanzoffiana
* Syzygium jambos
* Tabebuia heterophylla*
* Talipariti tiliaceum var. tiliaceum
* Terminalia catappa
* Terminalia muelleri
* Thelypteris dentata (Christella dentata)
* Tribulus cistoides
* Urochloa maxima (Panicum maximum)
* Vernicia fordii
* Vitex trifolia
* Washingtonia robusta
* Wisteria sinensis
* Xanthosoma sagittifolium

*Species added in 2023

## See also

[edit]

* List of amphibians of Florida
* List of birds of Florida
* List of mammals of Florida
* List of reptiles of Florida
* List of snakes of Florida
* Invasive species in the United States
* List of invasive species in the Everglades
* Fauna of Florida

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Florida's Exotic Fish and Wildlife". Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
2. ^ Lieurance, Deah; Canavan, Susan; Behringer, Donald C.; Kendig, Amy E.; Minteer, Carey R.; Reisinger, Lindsey S.; Romagosa, Christina M.; Flory, S. Luke; Lockwood, Julie L.; Anderson, Patti J.; Baker, Shirley M.; Bojko, Jamie; Bowers, Kristen E.; Canavan, Kim; Carruthers, Kelly (December 2023). "Identifying invasive species threats, pathways, and impacts to improve biosecurity". Ecosphere. 14 (12). doi:10.1002/ecs2.4711. ISSN 2150-8925.
3. ^ Dawson, Wayne; Moser, Dietmar; van Kleunen, Mark; Kreft, Holger; Pergl, Jan; Pyšek, Petr; Weigelt, Patrick; Winter, Marten; Lenzner, Bernd; Blackburn, Tim M.; Dyer, Ellie E.; Cassey, Phillip; Scrivens, Sally L.; Economo, Evan P.; Guénard, Benoit (12 June 2017). "Global hotspots and correlates of alien species richness across taxonomic groups". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (7): 1–7. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0186. hdl:10256/14947. ISSN 2397-334X.
4. ^ Kotala, Zenaida (26 February 2016). "Florida Declared a Global Biodiversity Hotspot". University of Central Florida News | UCF Today. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
5. ^ "Axis axis (Indian spotted deer)". www.cabi.org.
6. ^ "Gambian Pouched Rat Flyer FWC" (PDF).
7. ^ "WEC446/UW491: Nonnative Monkey Populations of Florida: History, Status, and Potential Impacts". Ask IFAS - Powered by EDIS. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
8. ^ "vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) - EDDMapS State Distribution - EDDMapS". EDDMapS.org. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
9. ^ Ober, Holly K.; DeGroote, Lucas W.; Mizell, Russell F. (2 November 2017). "Baiting the Nine-Banded Armadillo". UF/IFAS Extension. University of Florida. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
10. ^ Taulman, J F; Robbins, L W (1996). "Recent range expansion and distributional limits of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the United States". Journal of Biogeography. 23 (5): 635–648. Bibcode:1996JBiog..23..635T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.1996.tb00024.x.
11. ^ "Domestic Cats Whitepaper" (PDF).
12. ^ Parker, Brandon; Anderson, C. Jane; Romagosa, Christina M.; Wisely, Samantha M.; Pearson, Daniel; Seyjagat, John; Sayler, Katherine Ashley (22 January 2018). "Status of Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Rodentia: Hydrochaeridae) and Potential for Establishment in Florida: WEC393/UW438, 12/2017". EDIS. 2018 (1): 5–5. doi:10.32473/edis-uw438-2017. ISSN 2576-0009.
13. ^ "rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) - EDDMapS State Distribution - EDDMapS". EDDMapS.org. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
14. ^ "Rhesus Macaque". Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission.
15. ^ "Land Mammals - House Mouse". Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission.
16. ^ Griffo, James V. (1957). "The Status of the Nutria in Florida". Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences. 20 (3): 209–215. ISSN 0015-3850.
17. ^ "Nutria (Myocaster coypus) Ecological Risk Screening Summary" (PDF). United States Fish & Wildlife Service. 14 September 2017 [June 2015]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
18. ^ "Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)". www.cabi.org.
19. ^ "Rattus rattus (black rat)". Retrieved 7 April 2024.
20. ^ Tilmant, James T. (September 1980). Investigations of Rodent Damage to the Thatch Palms Thrinax morrisii and Thrinax radiata on Elliott Key, Biscayne National Park, Florida (PDF). Everglades National Park, South Florida Research Center (Technical report). National Park Service. M-589.
21. ^ Palmer, Geoffrey H.; Koprowski, John L.; Pernas, Anthony J. (February 2014). "Distribution and spread of an introduced insular population of red-bellied squirrels (Sciurus aureogaster) in Florida". Mammalia. 78 (1): 67–73. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2012-0141. S2CID 53685731. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
22. ^ "Wild Hog". Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission.
23. ^ "Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)" (PDF). Florida State Parks. Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
24. ^ "Vulpes vulpes (red fox)". www.cabi.org.
25. ^ Davis, Jim (28 December 2022). "Wildlife & Invasive Species Education™ (WISE) Species Profile: The Egyptian Goose". UF/IFAS Extension Sumter County. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
26. ^ "Muscovy Ducks". Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024. "Muscovy ducks can create problems through competition with native species, damage to property, and transmission of disease."
27. ^ Johnson, Steve A.; Hawk, Michelle (30 April 2009). "Florida's Introduced Birds: Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata)". Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation. University of Florida/IFAS. pp. 1–4. Florida Cooperative Extension Service Publication WEC254. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024. p. 3: "Muscovies are often found in large numbers, particularly in Florida, and produce a large quantity of droppings, which can seriously degrade water quality. In addition, domestic ducks are often responsible for the spread of several serious diseases to native ducks, and may also interbreed with native ducks, "muddying" the gene pools of those species and potentially decreasing their capacity to adapt, resist disease, and persist."
28. ^ "rock pigeon (Columba livia) - EDDMapS State Distribution - EDDMapS". EDDMapS.org. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
29. ^ Philipps, R. Brand (29 May 2008). "Columba livia (pigeons)". CABI Compendium (87913). CABI International. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.87913. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024. "Rock pigeons are known to transmit pigeon ornithosis, encephalitis, Exotic Newcastle Disease, cryptococcosis, toxoplasmosis, salmonella food poisoning, and several other diseases. Rock pigeons and their nests are infested with ectoparasites, such as ticks, fleas, and mites, which can cause health problems for humans. [...] Large amounts of droppings may kill vegetation and produce an objectionable odour."
30. ^ Liker, Andras (4 October 2010). "Passer domesticus (house sparrow)". CABI Compendium (38975). CABI International. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.38975. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024. "House sparrows are known for displacing native species through competition by out-competing them for trophic resources. In rural areas they may evict native birds from their nests."
31. ^ Johnson, Steve A.; Violett, Heather (1 June 2009). "Florida's Introduced Birds: European House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)". Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation. University of Florida/IFAS. pp. 1–7. Florida Cooperative Extension Service Publication WEC260. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024. p. 4: "House Sparrows aggressively compete with native birds for food and nest sites and may reduce their nesting success. These invasive birds will use nest boxes intended for native birds and are known to evict other birds from nest sites, destroying eggs, killing nestlings, and sometimes killing incubating females."
32. ^ "Domestic Peafowl". Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
33. ^ Mazzei, Patricia (9 August 2023). "An Overrun Miami Suburb Will Snip Its Peacocks (and Not in the Feathers)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
34. ^ Tracey, John; Gehrke, Brandon (4 October 2010). "Sturnus vulgaris (common starling)". CABI Compendium (51979). CABI International. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.51979. S2CID 253611022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024. "European starlings are extremely aggressive omnivores, and will compete with native fauna for food. [...] Usurping nests by contamination (as well as physical competition) is also a major problem (e.g. native parrots use little, if any, bedding, whereas starlings will rapidly fill and contaminate tree hollows)."
35. ^ Johnson, Steve A.; Givens, Walter (31 May 2009). "Florida's Introduced Birds: European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)". Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation. University of Florida/IFAS. pp. 1–6. Florida Cooperative Extension Service Publication WEC255. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024. pp. 3–4: "European Starlings feed in huge flocks, eating massive quantities of invertebrates and plant matter, and may have significant localized effects on invertebrate populations and thus on availability of food for other species. [...] European Starlings aggressively displace native cavity-nesting birds, evicting these species from their nest sites and destroying their eggs."
36. ^ "Peter's rock agama (Agama picticauda) - EDDMapS State Distribution". EDDMapS.org. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
37. ^ "Leaping lizards! Does South Florida have an influx of new species?". news.miami.edu. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
38. ^ "Peter's Rock Agama". Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Archived from the original on 3 September 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
39. ^ "knight anole (Anolis equestris) - EDDMapS State Distribution". EDDMapS.org. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
40. ^ Camposano, Brian J.; Krysko, Kenneth L.; Enge, Kevin M.; Donlan, Ellen M.; Granatosky, Michael (1 December 2008). "The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida". Iguana. 15 (4): 212–219. ISSN 2330-3948.
41. ^ "Brown anole". www.tsusinvasives.org. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
42. ^ "Boa constrictor imperator". Global Invasive Species Database.
43. ^ "Boa constrictor (common boa)". www.nationalgeographic.com/animal/reptile/fact/boa-constrictor. 10 September 2010. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021.
44. ^ "Range of American crocodiles and caimans in Florida".
45. ^ "(PDF) Adverse Encounters With Alligators in the United States/ An Update".
46. ^ "veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) - EDDMapS State Distribution". EDDMapS.org. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
47. ^ a b c Maddox, Max; Beloyan, Karissa; Claunch, Natalie M.; Johnson, Steve A. (15 December 2022). "WEC456/UW501: Florida's Introduced Reptiles: Veiled Chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus), Oustalet's Chameleon (Furcifer oustaleti), and Panther Chameleon (Furcifer pardalis)". Ask IFAS - Powered by EDIS. University of Florida. doi:10.32473/edis-UW501-2022. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
48. ^ a b Townsend, Josiah H.; Krysko, Kenneth L. & Enge, Kevin M. (30 July 2003). Grillitsch, Heinz (ed.). "The identity of Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura, introduced to Florida, USA" (PDF). Herpetezoa. 16 (1/2): 67–72. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
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