List of loanwords in Malay

Overview of Malay loanword origin from other languages

The Malay language has many loanwords from Sanskrit, Persian, Tamil, Greek, Latin, Portuguese, Dutch, and Chinese languages such as Hokkien. More recently, loans have come from Arabic, English and Malay's sister languages, Javanese and Sundanese. English loans are mostly related to trade, science and technology while Arabic loans are mostly religious as Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam, the religion of the majority of Malay speakers. However, many key words such as surga/syurga (heaven) and the word for "religion" itself (agama) have origins in Sanskrit. Javanese elements are incorporated from the variant of Malay used in Indonesia due to the influence of the Indonesian media.

While it is based on Malay, Indonesian has been strongly influenced by Javanese, as the Javanese are the largest ethnic group in Indonesia. Dutch influence over Indonesian vocabulary is highly significant, as Malay was adopted due to usefulness as a trading language during the Dutch East India Company's rule over the archipelago. This has led to approximately 10,000 Dutch words being borrowed into Indonesian. Malay as spoken in Malaysia (Bahasa Melayu) and Singapore, meanwhile, have more borrowings from English.[1]

There are some words in Malay which are spelled exactly the same as the loan language, e.g. in English – museum (Indonesian), hospital (Malaysian), format, hotel, transit etc. By contrast, some Malay words have been loaned into other languages, e.g. in English – rice paddy ("padi"), orangutan, rattan, babirusa,[2] cockatoo,[3] compound,[4] gong, tuak, sago,[5][6] cootie,[7] amok, durian, agar, rambutan, keris, Pantoum/pantun,[8] "so long",[9] angrecum (anggrek/ anggrik), cassowary,[10] gingham, caddie, camphor (kapur), Gutta-percha (getah perca), launch, parang, sarong, dammar, and gambir.

Malay has also heavily influenced the forms of colloquial English spoken in Malaysia, also known as Manglish.

Some examples are as follows:

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Word  | English translation  | From language  | Word

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sebab  | reason  | Arabic  | السبب / alsabab
syarikat  | company  | Arabic  | شركة / sharika
abjad  | alphabet/alefbet  | Arabic  | أبجد / abjad
abolisi  | abolition  | Latin  | abolitia
akta  | act (law)  | Latin (via English)  | actus
aktivitas | aktiviti  | activity  | English  | activity
ad interim  | temporarily  | Latin  | ad interim
Ahad  | Sunday  | Arabic  | الأحد / al-Aḥad
ahli  | community, expert  | Arabic  | أهل / ahl
agama  | religion  | Sanskrit  | आगम / āgama
akhbar  | news  | Arabic  | أخبار / akhbār
aksara  | alphabetic letter, key  | Sanskrit  | अक्षर / akṣara
almari (Indonesian: "lemari")  | cupboard  | Portuguese  | armário
almamater  | revered name for one's university  | Latin  | alma mater: wise and nurturing mother
amnesti  | amnesty, state-granted pardon  | Latin  | amnestia
anggur  | grape  | Persian  | انگور / angūr
angkasa  | outer space, sky (literary)  | Sanskrit  | आकाश ākāśa "sky"
anugerah  | award, blessing  | Sanskrit  | anugraha अनुग्रह "favour"
apam  | kind of cake or hopper  | Tamil  | appam அப்பம்
arnab  | rabbit  | Arabic  | أرنب / ʻarnab
askar  | soldier  | Persian  | عسكرى / ʻaskarī / asker
asmara  | love, passion  | Sanskrit  | स्मर / smara "memory, sexual love"
badam  | almond  | Persian  | بادام / bādām
bahasa  | language  | Sanskrit  | भाषा / bhāṣā, Tamil பாஷை / pācai
bahaya  | danger  | Sanskrit  | भय / bhaya "risk, peril"
baju  | shirt  | Persian  | بازو / bâzu "arm"
baki  | remainder, leftover  | Arabic  | باقي / bāqī
bakti  | homage, devotion, service  | Sanskrit  | भक्ति / bhakti
baldi  | bucket  | Portuguese  | balde
bandar  | port/town  | Persian  | بندر / bandar
bangku  | stool/chairs  | Portuguese  | banco / bank
bangsa  | nation, race  | Sanskrit  | वंश / vaṃśa "lineage, race" - cf. "wangsa"
bus | bas  | bus  | English  | bus, from Latin "omnibus"
basikal  | bicycle  | English  | bicycle
baru  | new  | Hokkien/Teochew (Chinese)  | 麻汝
bayu (lit.)  | wind  | Sanskrit  | वायु / vāyu
bendera  | flag  | Portuguese  | bandeira
bendi (in Indonesian, it means "gig", different with "bhendi" in Hindi)  | okra/lady's finger  | Hindi  | भेंडी bhēṇḍī, Tamil veṇṭi / வெண்டி
becak | beca  | trishaw  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 馬車,马车 / bé-tshia "horse-cart"
beda | beza  | difference  | Sanskrit  | भेद / bheda "cleft, partition, contrast, division"
biara  | monastery  | Sanskrit  | विहार / vihāra
bidadari  | fairy, angel  | Sanskrit  | विद्याधरी / vidyādharī "fay, sprite"
bina  | to build  | Arabic  | بناء / bināʼ / bina 'construction'
bihun  | rice vermicelli  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 米粉 / bí-hún
biola  | violin  | Portuguese  | viola
biskuit | biskut  | biscuit  | English  | biscuit
bohsia  | sexually active girl  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 無聲 bô siaⁿ 'without voice'
bomba  | fire brigade  | Portuguese  | bomba, "pump", or bombeiro, "fireman", lit. "pumper"
boneka  | doll  | Portuguese  | boneca
bola  | ball  | Portuguese  | bola
budi  | reason, virtue  | Sanskrit  | बुद्धि / buddhi "intelligence, mind, reason"[11]
buku  | book  | Dutch  | boek
bumi  | earth  | Sanskrit  | भूमि / bhūmi "land"
cadar  | bed linen  | Persian  | چادر / chādar "cloak"
cakoi  | youtiao  | Cantonese (Chinese)  | 油炸鬼 / jau4 zaa3gwai2
cawan  | cup  | Mandarin (Chinese)  | 茶碗 / cháwǎn '“tea bowl”
cendana  | sandalwood  | Sanskrit  | चन्दन / candana
cuai  | careless, negligent  | Mandarin (Chinese)  | 居癌 / jūái "home"+"cancer"
cukup  | enough  | Mandarin (Chinese)  | 足够 / zúgòu
dacin | dacing  | scales  | Mandarin (Chinese)  | 台秤 / táichèng
dakwah  | sermon  | Arabic  | دعوة / daʻwah
degil  | headstrong, stubborn  | Sinhala  | ඩීගිල් / ḍīgil
delima  | pomegranate, ruby  | Sanskrit  | दालिम / dālima or दाडिम / dāḍima "pomegranate"
demokrasi  | democracy  | Greek  | δημοκρατία / dēmokratía
dekan  | dean  | Portuguese  | decano
denda  | fine, punishment  | Sanskrit  | दण्ड / daṇḍa "rod"
desa  | countryside, village  | Sanskrit  | देश / deśa "country"
dewan  | hall  | Persian  | دیوان / dīvān "administration"
dewi  | Goddess  | Sanskrit  | देवी / devī "goddess"
dirgahayu  | "long live" (Dirgahayu Tuanku! - Long live the King!)  | Sanskrit  | दिर्घायु / dirghāyu "long-lived"
deskriptif  | descriptive  | English  | descriptive
dobi  | laundry  | Hindi  | धोबी / dhobī "caste of laundrymen who used to wash people's clothes in bygone days"
duka  | sadness  | Sanskrit  | दुःख / duḥkha "sorrow, distress, suffering"
dunia  | world  | Arabic  | دنيا / dunyā / dünya
durjana  | evil, wicked, malicious  | Sanskrit  | दुर्जन / durjana "bad man, villain"
email | emel  | email  | English  | email
erti (Indonesian variant "arti")  | meaning  | Sanskrit  | अर्थ / artha "aim, purpose"
falsafah  | philosophy  | Arabic  | Arabic فلسفة / falsafah, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία / philosophía
fitnah  | slander  | Arabic  | فتنة / fitnah "upheaval, scandal"
forum  | forum  | Latin  | forum
gajah  | elephant  | Sanskrit  | गज / gaja
gandum  | wheat  | Persian  | گندم / gandom
ganja  | cannabis, marijuana  | Sanskrit  | गञ्जा / gañjā
garasi | garaj  | garage  | English  | garage
garpu  | fork  | Portuguese  | garfo
gereja  | church  | Portuguese  | igreja
grafik  | graphic  | English  | graphic
gratis (mainly in Indonesian usage)  | for free  | Dutch  | gratis
guru  | teacher  | Sanskrit  | गुरु / guru "heavy, venerable"
had  | limit  | Arabic  | حد / ḥadd
halal  | permitted  | Arabic  | حلال / ḥalāl
haram  | forbidden  | Arabic  | حرام / ḥarām
harta  | asset, treasure  | Sanskrit/Tamil  | arttam/அர்த்தம், Sanskrit अर्थ / artha - cf "erti"
hartal  | strike, civil disobedience  | Gujarati  | હડતાળ / haḍtāḷ, હડતાલ / haḍtāl (pronunciation with r via Hindustani ہڑتال)
haiwan | hewan  | animal  | Arabic  | حيوان / ḥaywān
hasta  | hasta (unit)  | Sanskrit  | हस्त / hásta
hina  | lowly, inferior, mock  | Sanskrit  | हीन / hīna
hisab  | counting/arithmetic  | Arabic  | حساب / ḥisāb
humaniora (mainly Indonesian)  | humanities  | Latin  | humaniora
huruf  | word character/letter  | Arabic  | حرف / ḥarf (plural حروف ḥurūf)
ilmu  | knowledge  | Arabic  | علم / ʻilm
istana  | palace  | Sanskrit  | आस्थान / āsthāna "assembly, audience hall"
jawab | jawap  | to answer  | Arabic  | جواب / jawāb / Cevap
jelata  | the masses  | Sanskrit  | जनता / janatā "folk, community"
jendela (mainly in Indonesian usage)  | window  | Portuguese  | janela
Jepun (Indonesian: "Jepang")  | Japan  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | Ji̍tpún 日本
jiran  | neighbour  | Arabic  | jiran جيران
Jumat | Jumaat  | Friday  | Arabic  | الجمعة / al-Jumʿah
Kamis | Khamis  | Thursday  | Arabic  | الخميس / al-Khamīs
kaca  | glass (material)  | Sanskrit  | काच / kāca "glass, crystal, lens"
kamus  | dictionary  | Arabic  | قاموس / qāmūs / kamus
kantata (mainly Indonesian)  | song  | Latin  | cantata
kapal  | boat  | Tamil  | kappal கப்பல்
kauki/koki  | goji berry  | Cantonese (Chinese)  | 枸杞 / gau2 gei2
kaunter (Indonesian: konter (alternative of loket))  | counter, desk  | English  | counter
kedai  | foodstall, shop  | Tamil  | kaṭai கடை
keju  | cheese  | Portuguese  | queijo
kelas  | class  | English  | class
kemeja  | shirt  | Portuguese  | camisa
kepala  | head  | Sanskrit  | कपाल / kapāla "skull"
kerana (Indonesian: karena)  | because  | Sanskrit  | कारण / kāraṇa
kuli  | coolie / port worker  | Hindustani  | قُلى qulī (itself derived from a Turkic language)
karton  | carton (classifier for packaging)  | English  | carton
kartun  | cartoon (animated movie)  | English  | cartoon
kereta  | carriage, car, (Indonesian: train)  | Portuguese  | carreta
kerusi | kursi  | chair, stool  | Arabic  | كرسي kursii
kemah | khemah  | tent  | Arabic via Persian  | خیمة / khaymah
kuil  | temple/shrine  | Tamil  | kōyil கோயில்
kismis  | raisin  | Persian  | کشمش / kishmish
kolam  | pool  | Tamil  | kuḷam குளம்
koma-koma  | saffron  | Sanskrit / Arabic  | कुङ्कुम / kuṅkuma
kompromi  | compromise  | The pronunciation (lack of the "s" phoneme) suggests that this was borrowed from French (perhaps via Dutch)  | compromis
komputer  | computer  | English  | computer
kurkuma  | saffron, turmeric  | Sanskrit / Arabic  | कुङ्कुम kuṅkuma 'saffron', influenced by Arabic كركم kurkum 'turmeric'
kongsi  | share, divide  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 公司 / kong-si
korban  | sacrifice  | Arabic  | قربان / qurbān
kota  | city  | Tamil  | கோட்டை / kōṭṭai
kredo  | creed  | Latin  | credō
kucai  | chives  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 韭菜 / kú-tshài
kuda  | horse  | Tamil  | கோடை kōṭai < Sanskrit घोट ghoṭa
kue | kuih | kek  | cake  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | kué 粿
kualitas | kualiti | quality | Latin | kualitas, through Dutch: kualiteit
kurma  | date  | Persian  | خرما / khormā
lancia | lanca  | rickshaw  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 人車,人车 / lâng-tshia "human drag cart"
lelong  | auction  | Portuguese  | leilão (archaic)
lemari (Malaysian: "almari")  | cupboard  | Portuguese  | armário
lirik  | lyrics  | English  | lyrics
lobak  | carrot  | Cantonese (Chinese)  | 蘿蔔,萝卜 / lo4 baak6
longan  | longan  | Cantonese (Chinese)  | 龍眼,龙眼/ long4 ngaan5
lungkang | longkang  | drain, sewer  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 龍江,龙江 / liông-kang
lori  | truck/lorry  | English  | lorry
maaf  | sorry  | Arabic  | معاف / muʻāf 'pardoned'
maha  | great  | Sanskrit  | महा / mahā
makmal  | laboratory  | Arabic  | معمل / maʻmal
mangga  | mango  | Tamil  | mangkāy மாங்காய்
mani  | sperm, semen  | Arabic / Sanskrit  | مني / manī, Sanskrit मणि / maṇi "bead, jewel, gem"
manusia  | human  | Sanskrit  | मनुष्य / manuṣyá
masjid  | mosque  | Arabic  | مسجد / masjid
maya  | illusion (religious), imaginary  | Sanskrit  | माया / māyā
mentega  | butter  | Portuguese  | manteiga
mi | mee | mie  | noodles  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 麪 / mī
meja  | table  | Portuguese  | mesa
melati  | jasmine (jasminum grandiflorum)  | Sanskrit  | मालती / mālatī
merana  | suffering, wasting away  | Sanskrit  | मारण / māraṇa "death"
merdeka  | free, independent(Country)  | Sanskrit  | महर्द्धिक / mahārdhika
merdu  | melodious, tuneful  | Sanskrit  | मृदु / mṛdu "soft"
mesej  | message  | English  | message
minggu  | week, Sunday (Indonesian)  | Portuguese  | domingo (domingo means Sunday, "dominus" meaning "Lord" in Latin and "die dominicu" meaning "day of the Lord")
miskin  | poor  | Arabic  | مسكين / miskīn
misi  | mission  | Latin (via English)  | missiō
mitos  | myth  | Greek  | μύθος / mýthos
motosikal  | motorcycle  | English  | motorcycle
muhibah  | goodwill  | Arabic  | muhibbah موهبه "loving"
muflis  | bankrupt  | Arabic  | مفلس / muflis
mula | mulai  | to start, to begin  | Sanskrit  | मूल / mūla "root, origin"
munafik  | hypocrite  | Arabic  | منافق / munāfiq
mungkin  | maybe, perhaps, possibly  | Arabic  | ممكن / mumkin "possible"
mustahil  | impossible  | Arabic  | مستحيل / mustaḥīl 'impossible, absurd'
museum | muzium  | museum  | English Derived from Greek, the "um" suffix is Latin  | museum, from Ancient Greek μουσεῖον / mouseîon and Latin suffix "-um"
nadi  | pulse, artery  | Sanskrit  | नाडी / nāḍī
najis  | excrement  | Arabic  | نجس / najis
nama  | name  | Sanskrit  | नामन् / nāman
naratif  | narrative  | English  | narrative
negara  | country  | Sanskrit  | नगर / nagara "town, city"
nanas | nenas  | pineapple  | Portuguese (itself from the Tupi language)  | ananás
neraka  | hell  | Sanskrit  | नरक / naraka
ngam  | appropriate  | Cantonese (Chinese)  | 啱 / ngaam1
nihil  | nil, nothing, zero  | Latin  | nihil
nisbah  | ratio  | Arabic  | نِسْبَة / nisba
nota bene  | actually, after look carefully, also  | Latin  | nota bene: note well, examine closely
nujum (in the compound ahli nujum)  | astrologer  | Arabic  | نجوم nujūm 'stars'
nila  | indigo dye  | Sanskrit  | नील / nīla "dark blue"
nilam  | sapphire  | Sanskrit  | नीलं / nīlam "blue"
nobat  | royal ensemble music  | Arabic  | نَوبة nawbah 'turn; changing of guards; bugle call; troupe of musicians'
Nusantara | archipelago (esp. the Malay Archipelago)  | Javanese / Sanskrit  | Nusantara
oknum  | authority figure (police, soldier, prosecutor, judge) that perform unlawful or corrupted deed  | Arabic  | أقنوم uqnūm < Syriac ܩܢܘܡܐ qnoma 'person'
paderi  | priest (Christian)  | Portuguese  | padre
pahala  | divine reward  | Sanskrit  | फल / phala "fruit"
pahlawan  | hero/warrior  | Persian  | پهلوان / pahlavān
pancaragam  | musical band  | Sanskrit  | pañca पञ्च "five" + rāga राग "melody/tune/musical note"
paracut | parasut  | parachute  | English  | parachute
pau | pao  | steamed bun  | Chinese  | "bāo" 包. False etymology ascribes the origin of the word to Portuguese pão (bread), but this is incorrect;[citation needed] a form of the word "bāo" was already present in Middle Chinese to refer to steamed dumplings.
perkasa  | mighty  | Sanskrit  | प्रकाश / prakāśa "enlightened"
permaisuri  | supreme lady, queen  | Sanskrit  | परम parama 'supreme' + ईश्वरी īśvarī 'female ruler', via Tamil பரமேஸ்வரி paramēsvari
perpustakaan  | library  | Sanskrit  | base word pustaka / पुस्तक "book, manuscript"
pesta  | party  | Portuguese  | festa
pasar  | market, bazaar  | Persian  | بازار / bāzār / pazar
peta  | map  | Tamil  | paṭam படம் 'cloth; picture'
perdana menteri  | prime minister  | Sanskrit  | pradhānamantri प्रधानमन्त्रिन्
pertama  | first  | Sanskrit  | प्रथम / prathama
pertiwi  | native soil, motherland  | Sanskrit  | पृथिवी / pṛthivī or पृथ्वी / pṛthvī "mother goddess of the earth"
piala  | cup (in the sense of a trophy)  | Persian  | پیاله / piyālah
pita  | tape, knot  | Portuguese  | fita
puasa  | fasting  | Sanskrit  | उपवास / upavāsa
puja  | idolize, worship  | Sanskrit  | पूजा / pūjā
punya  | (possessive verb)  | Sanskrit  | पुण्य / puṇya "merit, deserving"
pura  | Hindu temple, city  | Sanskrit  | पुर / pura "city, walled enclosure"
purnama  | (of the moon) full  | Sanskrit  | पूर्णमा / pūrṇamā - cf. "sempurṇa"
putra | putera  | prince, male child  | Sanskrit  | पुत्र / putra
purba  | ancient  | Sanskrit  | पूर्व / purva
rahasia | rahsia  | secret  | Sanskrit  | रहस्य / rahasya "private, mystery"
raja  | king  | Sanskrit  | राजन् / rā́jan
Rabu  | Wednesday  | Arabic  | الأربعاء / al-Arbaʻāʼ
raksasa  | monster  | Sanskrit  | राक्षस / rākṣasa "demon, demoniacal"
rasa  | taste, feeling  | Sanskrit  | रस / rasa
ratna  | jewel, gemstone  | Sanskrit  | रत्न / ratna
renda  | lace  | Portuguese  | renda
risiko  | risk  | Dutch  | risico
roda  | wheel  | Portuguese  | roda
ronda  | verb, to patrol  | Portuguese  | verb rondar or noun ronda
rokok  | cigarette  | Dutch  | roken "to smoke"
roti  | bread  | Sanskrit/Hindi  | रोटी roṭī 'bread'
rupa  | shape, form, appearance  | Sanskrit  | रूप / rūpa
sabda  | quote, say  | Sanskrit  | शब्द / śabda "sound, word"
Sabtu  | Saturday  | Arabic  | السبت / al-Sabt
sabun  | soap  | Arabic to Portuguese  | Portuguese sabão < صابون ṣābūn < Late Latin sapo < Proto-Germanic saipon
sahaja (Indonesian: "saja")  | only, casual, relaxed (e.g. duduk bersahaja "seated casually"), (something) alone  | Sanskrit  | सहज / sahaja "simple, natural, sudden"
sains  | science  | English  | science
sama  | same  | Sanskrit  | सम / sama
samseng  | gangster  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 三牲 / sam-sing
sakti  | miraculous power, powerful  | Sanskrit  | शक्ति / śakti "strength, ability"
salju | salji  | snow  | Arabic  | ثلج thalj
sekolah  | school  | Portuguese  | escola
seks  | sex  | English  | sex, from Latin
selamat  | safe, well-being  | Arabic  | سلامات salāmāt, used for greeting phrases as 'selamat pagi', etc.
Selasa  | Tuesday  | Arabic  | الثلاثاء / al-Thulāthāʼ
sempurna  | perfect, complete  | Sanskrit  | संपूर्ण / sampūrṇa "complete, whole" - cf. "purnama"
sengsara  | Suffering  | Sanskrit  | संसार / saṃsāra "wandering through"
Senin (Malaysian: "Isnin")  | Monday  | Arabic  | الإثنين / al-Ithnayn
spanduk | sepanduk  | banner  | Dutch  | spandoek
sekolah  | school  | Greek  | σχολή skholē
sepatu (mainly in Indonesian usage)  | shoe  | Portuguese  | sapato
serigala  | wolf  | Sanskrit  | शृगाल / śṛgāla "jackal"
seteru  | adversary, enemy  | Sanskrit  | शत्रु / śatru "foe, rival"
singa  | lion  | Tamil, Sanskrit  | ciṅgam சிங்கம், siṁha सिंह
sejarah  | history  | Arabic  | شجرة shajarah 'tree'
sengkuang  | Pachyrhizus erosus | Philippine from Nahuatl via Spanish  | Philippine singkamás < Spanish jícama < Classical Nahuatl xīcama
seks  | sex  | English  | Sexual intercourse
serdadu | soldadu (obsolete)  | soldier  | Portuguese  | soldado
stadion | stadium  | stadium  | Greek  | στάδιον / stádion "running race in the Ancient Olympics"
status  | status  | Latin  | status
stesen  | station  | English  | station
sopir | supir (dialectal/Indonesian)  | driver  | French  | chauffeur
syariah  | Islamic law  | Arabic  | الشريعة / sharīʻah
syukur  | thankful, grateful  | Arabic  | شكر / shukr / Şükür
syurga | surga  | heaven  | Sanskrit  | स्वर्ग / svargá
sistem  | system  | English  | system
suci  | clean, pure, wise  | Sanskrit  | शुचि / śuci "shining, clear"
suka  | like someone/something, happiness  | Sanskrit  | सुख / sukha "easy, pleasant, comfort"
sula  | to impale  | Sanskrit  | शूल / śūla "stake, spear, pike"
syor  | recommendation  | Mandarin (Chinese)  | 說,说 / shuō
suria | surya  | sun  | Sanskrit  | सूर्य / sūrya
takhta  | throne  | Persian  | تخت / takht 'platform'
tangki  | tank  | Portuguese  | tanque
tanglung  | lantern  | Cantonese/Hokkien (Chinese)  | 燈籠,灯笼 / tanglong
tapau  | takeaway  | Cantonese (Chinese)  | 打包 / daa2 baau1
topan | taufan  | typhoon  | Persian  | طوفان
taoge | taugeh  | bean sprouts  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 豆芽 / tāu-gê
tahu | tauhu  | bean curd, know  | Hokkien  | 豆腐 / tāu-hū
tarikh  | date  | Arabic  | تاريخ / tārīkh
teh  | black tea  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 茶 / tê
teja (archaic)  | magnificence, splendor, radiance  | Sanskrit  | तेजस् / tejas "sharp edge, glow, splendor"
taksi | teksi  | taxi  | English  | taxi
teko  | teapot  | Hokkien (Chinese)  | 茶壺,茶壶 / tê-ko
televisi  | television  | Dutch  | televisie
televisyen  | television  | English  | television
tembaga  | copper  | possibly Sanskrit or Spanish  | tāmra ताम्र (Sanskrit) or tumbaga (Spanish). The Spanish word rather refers to a copper-gold alloy.
tempo | tempoh  | period  | Portuguese  | tempo "time"
topi  | hat  | Sanskrit/Hindi  | टोपी ṭopī
tuala  | towel  | Portuguese  | toalha
tukar  | to exchange, switch  | Portuguese  | trocar
umur  | age  | Arabic  | عمر / ʻumur
universitas | universiti  | university  | Latin  | universitas
unta  | camel  | Hindi  | ऊँट ūṇṭ < Sanskrit उष्ट्र uṣṭra
upacara  | ritual, ceremony  | Sanskrit  | उपचार / upacāra "approach, service"
usia  | age  | Sanskrit  | आयुष्य / āyuṣya
utama  | main  | Sanskrit  | उत्तम / uttama "principal" (adj.)
utara  | north  | Sanskrit  | उत्तर / uttara "upper, higher, better, later"
waham  | delusion  | Arabic  | وهم/wahm[12]
waktu  | time  | Arabic  | وقت / waqt
wangsa  | dynasty  | Sanskrit  | वंश / vaṃśa "lineage, race" - cf. "bangsa"
wanita  | woman  | Sanskrit  | वनिता / vanitā
wantan  | wonton  | Cantonese (Chinese)  | 雲吞,云吞 / wan4 tan1
warna  | colour  | Sanskrit  | वर्ण / varṇa "form, shape, covering, race, species, kind"
warta  | news  | Sanskrit  | वार्त्ता / vārttā
zarafah | zirafah | jerapah  | giraffe  | Arabic  | زرافة / zarāfah

## See also

[edit]

* List of English words of Malay origin
* List of loanwords in Indonesian
* List of words of Malay origin at Wiktionary

## References

[edit]

1. ^ https://itotd.com/articles/6787/bahasa-indonesia
2. ^ The Royal Natural History: Mammals, Richard Lydekker, F. Warne, 1894
3. ^ A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, first edition 1882.
4. ^ 1670s, via Dutch (kampoeng) or Portuguese, from Malay kampong "village, group of buildings."
5. ^ Oriental herald and journal of general literature, Volume 19, 1828, p394
6. ^ The new American Cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general…, Volume 14 edited by George Ripley, Charles Anderson Dana
7. ^ Cootie
8. ^ The Encyclopædia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, Volume 20, (1911), Hugh Chisholm
9. ^ Word Origins, By Dhirendra Verm
10. ^ Victoria Museum
11. ^ "budi" at Wiktionary
12. ^ وهم (Al-Maany Arabic-English Dictionary

## Further reading

[edit]

* Loan Words in Indonesian and Malay languages - Professor J.G. de Casparis
* Loan Words in Indonesian and Malay — University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-90-6718-304-8