List of mammals of Italy

Italian wolf pack in the Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park. The Italian wolf is the national animal of Italy.

There are 102 mammal species in Italy, of which one is critically endangered, two are endangered, nine are vulnerable, and four are near threatened. One of the species listed for Italy is considered to be extinct.

The Italian wolf features prominently in Latin and Italian cultures, such as the She-Wolf in the legendary founding of Rome.[1] For this reason it is unofficially considered the national animal of Italy.[2][3]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' IUCN Red List status as published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.

|
|

EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

## Order: Rodentia (rodents)

[edit]

Alpine marmot Common vole Yellow-necked mouse Eurasian harvest mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.

* Suborder: Hystricognathi
* Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
* Genus: Hystrix
* Crested porcupine, H. cristata LC[4]
* Suborder: Sciurognathi
* Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
* Subfamily: Sciurinae
* Tribe: Sciurini
* Genus: Sciurus
* Calabrian black squirrel, S. meridionalis
* Red squirrel, S. vulgaris LC[5]
* Subfamily: Xerinae
* Tribe: Marmotini
* Genus: Marmota
* Alpine marmot, M. marmota LC
* Family: Gliridae (dormice)
* Subfamily: Leithiinae
* Genus: Dryomys
* Forest dormouse, D. nitedula LC
* Genus: Eliomys
* Garden dormouse, E. quercinus NT[6]
* Genus: Muscardinus
* Hazel dormouse, M. avellanarius LC
* Subfamily: Glirinae
* Genus: Glis
* European edible dormouse, Glis glis LC
* Family: Cricetidae
* Subfamily: Arvicolinae
* Genus: Arvicola
* European water vole, A. amphibius LC[7]
* Genus: Chionomys
* European snow vole, Chionomys nivalis LC
* Genus: Clethrionomys
* Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LC
* Genus: Microtus
* Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
* Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
* Calabria pine vole, Microtus brachycercus LC
* Alpine pine vole, Microtus multiplex LC
* Savi's pine vole, Microtus savii LC
* European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
* Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
* Subfamily: Murinae
* Genus: Mus
* House mouse, M. musculus LC[8]
* Genus: Apodemus
* Alpine field mouse, Apodemus alpicola LC
* Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
* Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
* Genus: Micromys
* Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
* Genus: Rattus
* Brown rat, R. norvegicus LC introduced
* Black rat, R. rattus LC introduced[9]

## Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

[edit]

Mountain hare

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

* Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
* Genus: Lepus
* Cape hare, L. capensis LC[10]
* Corsican hare, L. corsicanus VU
* European hare, L. europaeus LC[11]
* Mountain hare, L. timidus LC[12]
* Genus: Oryctolagus
* European rabbit, O. cuniculus EN introduced[13]
* Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
* Genus: Prolagus
* Sardinian pika, P. sardus EX

## Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, gymnures, moles and solenodons)

[edit]

West European hedgehog

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

* Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs and gymnures)
* Subfamily: Erinaceinae
* Genus: Erinaceus
* West European hedgehog, E. europaeus LC[14]

Lesser white-toothed shrew Eurasian water shrew Eurasian pygmy shrew

* Family: Soricidae (shrews)
* Subfamily: Crocidurinae
* Genus: Crocidura
* Pantellerian shrew, Crocidura cossyrensis DD
* Bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon LC
* Sicilian shrew, Crocidura sicula LC
* Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC[15]
* Genus: Suncus
* Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC
* Subfamily: Soricinae
* Tribe: Nectogalini
* Genus: Neomys
* Southern water shrew, Neomys anomalus LC
* Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens LC
* Tribe: Soricini
* Genus: Sorex
* Alpine shrew, Sorex alpinus NT
* Common shrew, Sorex araneus LC
* Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC
* Apennine shrew, Sorex samniticus LC
* Family: Talpidae (moles)
* Subfamily: Talpinae
* Tribe: Talpini
* Genus: Talpa
* European mole, Talpa europaea LC
* Mediterranean mole, Talpa caeca LC
* Roman mole, Talpa romana LC

## Order: Chiroptera (bats)

[edit]

Daubenton's bat Serotine bat Lesser noctule Nathusius' pipistrelle Brown long-eared bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

* Family: Vespertilionidae
* Subfamily: Myotinae
* Genus: Myotis
* Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini NT[16]
* Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii LC[17]
* Brandt's bat, M. brandti LC[18]
* Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii VU[19]
* Cryptic myotis, M. crypticus
* Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii LC[20]
* Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC[21]
* Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis LC[22]
* Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC[23]
* Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC[24]
* Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
* Genus: Barbastella
* Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT[25]
* Genus: Eptesicus
* Northern bat, E. nilssoni LC
* Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC
* Genus: Hypsugo
* Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii LC[26]
* Genus: Nyctalus
* Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus NT[27]
* Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC[28]
* Common noctule, N. noctula LC[29]
* Genus: Pipistrellus'
* Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii LC
* Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii LC[30]
* Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
* Genus: Plecotus
* Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus LC[31]
* Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus NT[32]
* Genus: Vespertilio
* Parti-coloured bat, V. murinus LC[33]
* Subfamily: Miniopterinae
* Genus: Miniopterus
* Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii VU[34]
* Family: Molossidae
* Genus: Tadarida
* European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis LC[35]
* Family: Rhinolophidae
* Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
* Genus: Rhinolophus
* Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale NT[36]
* Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC[37]
* Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC[38]
* Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi VU[39]

## Order: Cetacea (whales)

[edit]

Risso's dolphin

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

* Suborder: Mysticeti
* Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
* Genus: Eubalaena
* North Atlantic right whale, E. glacialis CR
* Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
* Subfamily: Megapterinae
* Genus: Megaptera
* Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae LC
* Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
* Genus: Balaenoptera
* Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus VU
* Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC[40]
* Suborder: Odontoceti
* Family: Physeteridae
* Genus: Physeter
* Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
* Superfamily: Platanistoidea
* Family: Ziphidae
* Genus: Ziphius
* Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC [41]
* Genus: Mesoplodon
* Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD [42][43]
* Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus LC vagrant[44]
* Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
* Genus: Steno
* Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis LC
* Genus: Tursiops
* Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus VU
* Genus: Stenella
* Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba VU
* Genus: Delphinus
* Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis EN
* Genus: Grampus
* Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus DD
* Genus: Feresa
* Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
* Genus: Pseudorca
* False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
* Genus: Orcinus
* Orca, O. orca DD[45]
* Genus: Globicephala
* Long-finned pilot whale, G. melas DD

## Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

[edit]

Italian wolf European jackal Stoat Beech marten

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

* Suborder: Feliformia
* Family: Felidae (cats)
* Subfamily: Felinae
* Genus: Felis
* African wildcat, F. lybica LC[46]
* European wildcat, F. silvestris LC
* Genus: Lynx
* Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC[47]
* Family: Viverridae (civets, mongooses, etc.)
* Subfamily: Viverrinae
* Genus: Genetta
* Common genet, G. genetta LC vagrant[48]
* Suborder: Caniformia
* Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
* Genus: Vulpes
* Red fox, V. vulpes LC[49]
* Genus: Canis
* Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[50] vagrant[51]
* European jackal, C. a. moreoticus
* Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[52]
* Sicilian wolf, C. l. cristaldii EX[53]
* Italian wolf, C. l. italicus
* Family: Ursidae (bears)
* Genus: Ursus
* Brown bear, U. arctos LC[54]
* Marsican brown bear, U. a. marsicanus/arctos CR
* Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
* Genus: Lutra
* European otter, L. lutra NT[55]
* Genus: Martes
* Beech marten, M. foina LC[56]
* European pine marten, M. martes LC[57]
* Genus: Meles
* European badger, M. meles LC[58]
* Genus: Mustela
* Stoat, M. erminea LC[59]
* Least weasel, M. nivalis LC[60]
* European polecat, M. putorius LC[61]
* Genus: Neogale
* American mink, N. vison LC introduced[62]
* Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
* Genus: Monachus
* Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus EN possibly extirpated[63]

## Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

[edit]

Pyrenean chamois

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

* Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
* Subfamily: Caprinae
* Genus: Capra
* Alpine ibex, C. ibex LC[64]
* Genus: Rupicapra
* Pyrenean chamois, R. pyrenaica LC[65]
* Chamois, R. rupicapra[66]
* Family: Cervidae (deer)
* Subfamily: Cervinae
* Genus: Cervus
* Red deer, C. elaphus LC[67]
* Sardinian deer, C. e. corsicanus
* Genus: Dama
* European fallow deer, D. dama LC[68]
* Subfamily: Capreolinae
* Genus: Capreolus
* Roe deer, C. capreolus LC[69]
* Family: Suidae (pigs)
* Subfamily: Suinae
* Genus: Sus
* Wild boar, S. scrofa LC[70]

## Locally extinct

[edit]

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

* Blasius's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus blasii[71]

## See also

[edit]

* Fauna of Italy
* List of chordate orders
* Lists of mammals by region
* Mammal classification

## References

[edit]

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55. ^ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P.; Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
56. ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
57. ^ Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Maran, T. & Monakhov, V.G. (2016). "Martes martes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12848A45199169.
58. ^ Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29673A45203002.
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## External links

[edit]

* "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.

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* t
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List of mammals of Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
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* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
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* Slovenia
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* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

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