List of mammals of Poland

This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 112 mammal species occurring in Poland which have been recorded in historic times. Of these, two are endangered, three are vulnerable, and five are near threatened. Three of the species listed for Poland are nationally extinct. The following tags are used to highlight each species' status as published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.

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EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction, as the wild population comprises less than 250 individuals.
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction, as the wild population comprises less than 2500 individuals.
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction, as the wild population comprises less than 10000 individuals.
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

## Order: Rodentia (rodents)

[edit]

Northern birch mouse Striped field mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.

* Suborder: Sciurognathi
* Family: Castoridae (beavers)
* Genus: Castor
* American beaver, C. canadensis LC introduced
* Eurasian beaver, C. fiber LC[1]
* Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
* Subfamily: Sciurinae
* Tribe: Sciurini
* Genus: Sciurus
* Red squirrel, S. vulgaris LC[2]
* Subfamily: Xerinae
* Tribe: Marmotini
* Genus: Marmota
* Alpine marmot, M. marmota LC
* Tatra marmot, M. marmota latirostris LC
* Genus: Spermophilus
* European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus EN
* Speckled ground squirrel, Spermophilus suslicus NT
* Family: Gliridae (dormice)
* Subfamily: Leithiinae
* Genus: Dryomys
* Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LC
* Genus: Eliomys
* Garden dormouse, E. quercinus NT[3]
* Genus: Muscardinus
* Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius
* Subfamily: Glirinae
* Genus: Glis
* European edible dormouse, Glis glis LC
* Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
* Subfamily: Sicistinae
* Genus: Sicista
* Northern birch mouse, Sicista betulina LC
* Southern birch mouse, Sicista subtilis LC
* Family: Cricetidae
* Subfamily: Cricetinae
* Genus: Cricetus
* European hamster, C. cricetus CR[4]
* Subfamily: Arvicolinae
* Genus: Ondatra
* Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus LC introduced
* Genus: Arvicola
* European water vole, A. amphibius LC[5]
* Genus: Chionomys
* European snow vole, Chionomys nivalis LC
* Genus: Clethrionomys
* Bank vole, Myodes glareolus LC
* Genus: Microtus
* Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
* Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
* Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus LC
* European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
* Tatra vole, Microtus tatricus LC
* Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
* Subfamily: Murinae
* Genus: Apodemus
* Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LC
* Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
* Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
* Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LC
* Genus: Micromys
* Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
* Genus: Mus
* House mouse, M. musculus LC[6]
* Genus: Rattus
* Black rat, R. rattus LC[7]
* Brown rat, R. norvegicus LC

## Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

[edit]

European rabbit

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

* Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
* Genus: Lepus
* European hare, L. europaeus LC[8]
* Mountain hare, L. timidus LC[9]
* Genus: Oryctolagus
* European rabbit, O. cuniculus EN introduced[10]

## Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

[edit]

West European hedgehog

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

* Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
* Subfamily: Erinaceinae
* Genus: Erinaceus
* West European hedgehog, E. europaeus LC[11]
* Northern white-breasted hedgehog, E. roumanicus LC

## Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

[edit]

Lesser white-toothed shrew European mole Eurasian pygmy shrew

The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

* Family: Soricidae (shrews)
* Subfamily: Crocidurinae
* Genus: Crocidura
* Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon LC
* Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC[12]
* Subfamily: Soricinae
* Tribe: Nectogalini
* Genus: Neomys
* Southern water shrew, N. anomalus LC
* Eurasian water shrew, N. fodiens LC
* Tribe: Soricini
* Genus: Sorex
* Alpine shrew, S. alpinus LC
* Common shrew, S. araneus LC
* Laxmann's shrew, S. caecutiens LC
* Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC
* Family: Talpidae (moles)
* Subfamily: Talpinae
* Tribe: Talpini
* Genus: Talpa
* European mole, T. europaea LC

## Order: Chiroptera (bats)

[edit]

Serotine bat Lesser noctule Nathusius' pipistrelle Brown long-eared bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

* Family: Vespertilionidae
* Subfamily: Myotinae
* Genus: Myotis
* Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini NT[13]
* Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii LC[14]
* Brandt's bat, M. brandti LC
* Pond bat, M. dasycneme NT[15]
* Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii LC
* Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC[16]
* Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis LC[17]
* Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC[18]
* Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC[19]
* Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
* Genus: Barbastella
* Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT[20]
* Genus: Eptesicus
* Northern bat, E. nilssonii LC
* Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC
* Genus: Nyctalus
* Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus VU[21]
* Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC[22]
* Common noctule, N. noctula LC[23]
* Genus: Pipistrellus
* Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii LC
* Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii LC[24]
* Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
* Soprano pipistrelle, P. pygmaeus LC
* Genus: Plecotus
* Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus LC[25]
* Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus LC
* Genus: Vespertilio
* Parti-coloured bat, V. murinus LC
* Family: Rhinolophidae
* Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
* Genus: Rhinolophus
* Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC[26]
* Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC[27]

## Order: Cetacea (whales)

[edit]

Humpback whale[citation needed] Harbour porpoise

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

* Suborder: Mysticeti
* Family: Balaenopteridae
* Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
* Genus: Balaenoptera
* Common minke whale, B. acutorostrata LC[28]
* Sei whale, B. borealis EN
* Fin whale, B. physalus VU
* Subfamily: Megapterinae
* Genus: Megaptera
* Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae LC
* Suborder: Odontoceti
* Family: Phocoenidae
* Genus: Phocoena
* Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena VU
* Family: Monodontidae
* Genus: Delphinapterus
* Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas VU
* Family: Ziphidae
* Genus: Hyperoodon
* Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus LC
* Genus: Mesoplodon
* Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD
* Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
* Genus: Delphinus
* Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
* Genus: Lagenorhynchus
* White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
* Genus: Tursiops
* Bottlenose dolphin, DD
* Genus: Orcinus
* Orca, O. orca DD[29]

## Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

[edit]

Eurasian lynx Red fox Gray wolf European brown bear

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

* Suborder: Feliformia
* Family: Felidae (cats)
* Subfamily: Felinae
* Genus: Felis
* European wildcat, F. silvestris LC[30]
* Genus: Lynx
* Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC[31]
* Suborder: Caniformia
* Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
* Genus: Canis
* Golden jackal, C. aureus LC, vagrant[32]
* European jackal, C. a. moreoticus
* Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[33]
* Eurasian wolf, C. l. lupus
* Genus: Nyctereutes
* Raccoon dog, N. procyonoides LC introduced
* Genus: Vulpes
* Red fox, V. vulpes LC[34]
* Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
* Genus: Procyon
* Raccoon, P. lotor LC introduced
* Family: Ursidae (bears)
* Genus: Ursus
* Brown bear, U. arctos LC[35]
* Eurasian brown bear, U. a. arctos
* Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
* Genus: Lutra
* Eurasian otter, L. lutra NT[36]
* Genus: Martes
* Beech marten, M. foina LC[37]
* European pine marten, M. martes LC[38]
* Genus: Meles
* European badger, M. meles LC[39]
* Genus: Mustela
* Stoat, M. erminea LC[40]
* Steppe polecat, M. eversmannii LC[41]
* Least weasel, M. nivalis LC[42]
* European polecat, M. putorius LC[43]
* Genus: Neovison
* American mink, N. vison LC introduced
* Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
* Genus: Halichoerus
* Grey seal, H. grypus LC
* Genus: Phoca
* Common seal, P. vitulina LC
* Genus: Pusa
* Ringed seal, P. hispida LC

## Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

[edit]

Moose Roe deer

* * *

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

* Family: Suidae (pigs)
* Subfamily: Suinae
* Genus: Sus
* Wild boar, S. scrofa LC[44]
* Family: Cervidae (deer)
* Subfamily: Capreolinae
* Genus: Alces
* Moose, A. alces LC[45]
* Genus: Capreolus
* Roe deer, C. capreolus LC[46]
* Subfamily: Cervinae
* Genus: Cervus
* Red deer, C. elaphus LC[47]
* Sika deer, C. nippon LC introduced
* Genus: Dama
* European fallow deer, D. dama LC[48] introduced
* Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
* Subfamily: Bovinae
* Genus: Bison
* European bison, B. bonasus NT reintroduced[49]
* Genus: Bos
* Aurochs, B. primigenius EX[50]
* Subfamily: Caprinae
* Genus: Rupicapra
* Chamois, R. rupicapra LC[51]

## Locally extinct

[edit]

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

* European mink, Mustela lutreola[52]

## See also

[edit]

* List of chordate orders
* List of prehistoric mammals
* Lists of mammals by region
* Mammal classification
* List of mammals described in the 2000s

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
2. ^ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Muñoz, L. J. P. (2010). "Sciurus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T20025A9136220.
3. ^ Bertolino, S.; Amori, G.; Henttonen, H.; Zagorodnyuk, I.; Zima, J.; Juškaitis, R.; Meinig, H. & Kryštufek, B. (2008). "Eliomys quercinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T7618A12835766.
4. ^ Banaszek, A.; Bogomolov, P.; Feoktistova, N.; La Haye, M.; Monecke, S.; Reiners, T. E.; Rusin, M.; Surov, A.; Weinhold, U. & Ziomek, J. (2020). "Cricetus cricetus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T5529A111875852.
5. ^ Batsaikhan, N.; Henttonen, H.; Meinig, H.; Shenbrot, G.; Bukhnikashvili, A.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Arvicola amphibius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2149A115060819.
6. ^ Musser, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N. & Mitsain, G. (2016). "Mus musculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13972A115117618.
7. ^ Kryštufek, B.; Palomo, L.J.; Hutterer, R.; Mitsain, G. & Yigit, N. (2015). "Rattus rattus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T19360A115148682.
8. ^ Hacklande, K. & Schai-Braun, S. (2019). "Lepus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41280A45187424.
9. ^ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus timidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T11791A45177198.
10. ^ Villafuerte, R.; Delibes-Mateos, M. (2019). "Oryctolagus cuniculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41291A45189779.
11. ^ Amori, G. (2016). "Erinaceus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29650A2791303.
12. ^ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.& Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T29656A9511068.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
13. ^ Paunović, M. (2019). "Myotis bechsteinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T14123A22053752.
14. ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis blythii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14124A22053297.
15. ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis dasycneme". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14127A22055164.
16. ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
17. ^ Coroiu, I.; Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis myotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14133A22051759.
18. ^ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
19. ^ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85733032A22052584.
20. ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
21. ^ Hutson, A. M.; Alcaldé, J. T.; Juste, J.; Karataş, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunović, M. (2010). "Nyctalus lasiopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14918A4471682.
22. ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
23. ^ Csorba, G. & Hutson, A.M. (2016). "Nyctalus noctula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14920A22015682.
24. ^ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Karatas, A. & Paunovic, M. (2010). "Pipistrellus nathusii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T17316A6966886.
25. ^ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus auritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85535522A195861341.
26. ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
27. ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
28. ^ Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Balaenoptera acutorostrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T2474A50348265.
29. ^ Reeves, R.; Pitman, R.L.; Ford, J.K.B. (2017). "Orcinus orca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15421A50368125.
30. ^ Gerngross, P.; Ambarli, H.; Angelici, F.M.; Anile, S.; Campbell, R.; Ferreras de Andres, P.; Gil-Sanchez, J.M.; Götz, M.; Jerosch, S.; Mengüllüoglu, D.; Monterosso, P. & Zlatanova, D. (2022). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T181049859A181050999. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
31. ^ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
32. ^ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
33. ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
34. ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
35. ^ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
36. ^ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
37. ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
38. ^ Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Maran, T. & Monakhov, V.G. (2016). "Martes martes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12848A45199169.
39. ^ Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29673A45203002.
40. ^ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
41. ^ Maran, T.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov A. V. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela eversmanii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29679A45203762.
42. ^ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
43. ^ Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Stubbe, M.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J.D.S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R. & Ruette, S. (2016). "Mustela putorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41658A45214384.
44. ^ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
45. ^ Hundertmark, K. (2016). "Alces alces". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T56003281A22157381.
46. ^ Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
47. ^ Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2018). "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T55997072A142404453.
48. ^ Masseti, M. & Mertzanidou, D. (2008). "Dama dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T42188A10656554.
49. ^ Plumb, G.; Kowalczyk, R. & Hernandez-Blanco, J.A. (2020). "Bison bonasus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T2814A45156279.
50. ^ Tikhonov, A. (2008). "Bos primigenius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T136721A4332142. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136721A4332142.en. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
51. ^ Aulagnier, S.; Giannatos, G. & Herrero, J. (2008). "Rupicapra rupicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T39255A10179647.
52. ^ Maran, T.; Aulagnier, S.; Libois, R.; Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. & Wozencraft, C. (2010). "Mustela lutreola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14018A4381596.

### Further reading

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* Baraniak E., Kubasik W., Pałka K. 1998. Smużka stepowa Sicista subtilis (Pallas, 1773) (Rodentia: Zapodidae) – nowy gatunek ssaka w faunie Polski. Przegląd Zoologiczny 42 (2): 241–243.
* Bogdanowicz W., Ruprecht A. L. 1987 Przypadki stwierdzeń szopa pracza Procoyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758) w Polsce. Przegląd Zoologiczny 31 (3): 375-383
* Carleton M., Musser G., Pavlinov I. 2003. Myodes Pallas, 1811, is the valid name for the genus of red-backed voles. W: A. O. Averianov, N. I. Abramson (red.) Systematics, Phylogeny and Paleontology of Small Mammals. An International Conference Devoted to the 90th Anniversary of Prof. I. M. Gromov. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Saint Petersburg: 96–98.
* Mitchell-Jones A. J., Amori G., Bogdanowicz W., Kryštufek B., Reinjders P. J. H., Spitzenberger F., Stubbe M., Thissen J. B. M., Vohralik V., Zima J. 1999. The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London.
* Niermann I., Biedermann M., Bogdanowicz W., Brinkmann R., Le Bris Y., Ciechanowski M., Dietz C., Dietz I., Estók P., Helversen O. v., Le Houédec A., Paksuz S., Petrov B. P., Özkan B., Piksa K., Rachwald A., Roué S. Y., Sachanowicz K., Schorcht W., Tereba A., Mayer F. 2007. Biogeography of the recently described Myotis alcathoe von Helversen and Heller, 2001. Acta Chiropterologica 9: 361–378.
* Pucek Z. 1981. Key to vertebrates of Poland. Mammals. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa.
* Sachanowicz, K., Ciechanowski M., Piksa K. 2006. Distribution patterns, species richness and status of bats in Poland. Vespertilio 9-10: 151–173. http://www.ceson.org/vespertilio/9_10/Sachanowicz.pdf

## External links

[edit]

* Atlas Ssaków Polski (in Polish)
* "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.

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List of mammals of Europe

Sovereign states|

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