List of massacres in France

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This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (May 2011)

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The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in France (numbers may be approximate):

## Celtic Gaul

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Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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1st Cenabum massacre | 53 BC | Cenabum | Unknown  | Carnutes | Carnutes massacre Roman civilians and soldiers
2nd Cenabum massacre | 53 BC | Cenabum  | Unknown  | Roman army | Julius Caesar's soldiers massacre the population of Cenabum.
Siege of Avaricum | 52 BC | Avaricum | 39,200  | Roman army  | Julius Caesar's soldiers massacre the population of Avaricum.

## Roman Gaul

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Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Sack of Metz | 7 April 451 | Metz | Unknown  | Huns  | City sacked and burned and all inhabitants killed by Hun troops under Attila.[1][2][3]

## Merovingian Francia

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Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Vienne massacre  | 501 | Vienne | Unknown  | Forces of Gundobad and Godegisel  | Townspeople slaughtered during battle between competing Burgundian factions. Hostile Gallo-Roman senators and Godegisel's supporters executed by Gundobad's troops.[4]
Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges massacre  | 585 | Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges | Unknown  | Kingdom of Orléans  | All inhabitants, including priests, put to the sword by royal troops of Guntram

## Carolingian Francia

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Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Siege of Clermont (761) | 761 | Clermont | Unknown  | Royal Frankish Army  | Men, women and children burned alive by Frankish army of King Pepin the Short.[5]
Sack of Nantes  | 24 June 843 | Nantes | Unknown  | Vikings | Town population and monks massacred and burned alive in a church by raiding Vikings. Others captured as slaves.
Marmoutier massacre  | 853 | Marmoutier Abbey | 126  | Vikings  | 126 monks killed by Vikings. 20 survivors escaped.

## Capetian France

[edit]

Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Orléans heresy | 28 December 1022 | Orléans | 10–20  | Robert II the Pious | 10–20 priests, nuns and lay people burned at the stake on orders of King Robert II of France
Rouen massacre | September 1096 | Rouen | Unknown  | Crusaders | Jews of Rouen rounded up in the synagogue and systematically massacred by Crusaders
Tournai-sur-Dive massacre  | 1105 | Tournai-sur-Dive | 45  | Troops of Robert of Bellême | 45 people burned alive in a church by forces of Robert of Bellême
Bougy-sur-Risle massacre  | 1136 | Romilly-la-Puthenaye | Unknown  | Troops of Waleran and Robert de Beaumont | Men and women burned alive in a church by forces of Waleran and Robert de Beaumont
Vitry massacre  | 1142 | Vitry-en-Perthois | 1,300  | Royal Army  | 1,300 people burned alive in a church by forces of King Louis VII of France
Ham massacre  | 1143 | Ham | 150  | Unknown  | 150 Jews massacred
Vézelay massacre  | 1167 | Vézelay | 7  | Abbot of Vézelay | Seven Burgundian Cathars burned at the stake
Blois massacre | 26 May 1171 | Blois | 31  | Soldiers of Theobald V, Count of Blois | 31 Jews, including 17 women, locked in and burned alive in a house by Theobald V, Count of Blois on accusations of blood libel
Bray-sur-Seine massacre | 18 March 1192 | Bray-sur-Seine | 80  | Royal Army  | 80 Jews burned by French troops, acting on command of King Philip II of France
Massacre at Béziers | 22 July 1209 | Béziers | 20,000  | Crusaders | First major military action of the Albigensian Crusade.[6]
Siege of Minerve | 22 July 1210 | Minerve | 140  | Crusaders  | Cathars burned at the stake by Crusaders.
Alayrac massacre  | 1210 | Alayrac | Unknown  | Crusaders  | Stronghold garrison captured and massacred by Crusaders[7]
Lavaur massacre | 3 May 1211 | Lavaur | 480  | Crusaders  | 80 knights hanged and stabbed to death, 400 Cathars burned by Crusaders
Les Cassés massacre | 20 May 1211 | Les Cassés | 60–94  | Crusaders  | 60–94 Cathars burned alive by Simon de Montfort's Crusaders[8]
Saint Marcel massacre  | 12 May 1212 | Saint–Marcel | 28  | Crusaders  | 28 male civilians killed or drowned by Crusaders
Lavelanet massacre  | 1212 | Lavelanet | Unknown  | Crusaders  | Inhabitants put to the sword by Crusader forces under Guy de Montfort, Lord of Sidon
Moissac massacre  | 8 September 1212 | Moissac | 300  | Crusaders  | 300 garrison soldiers executed without trial by Crusaders
Pujol massacre  | May 1213 | Sainte-Foy-d'Aigrefeuille | 60  | Toulousain militia  | 60 Crusaders killed in Pujol Castle by mob of soldiers under Roger-Bernard
Casseneuil massacre  | 18 August 1214 | Casseneuil | Unknown  | Crusaders  | Population and garrison massacred
Massacre at Marmande | 10 June 1219 | Marmande | 5,000  | Royal Army  | All men, women and children in the town killed with swords and the town razed and burned to the ground by royal army under prince Louis.[9]
Labécède massacre  | 1227 | Labécède | Unknown  | Crusaders  | Men killed and Cathar Perfect burnt to death by Crusader forces of Humbert V de Beaujeu
Moissac massacre  | 1234 | Moissac | 210  | Papal Inquisition | 210 Cathars burned at the stake by Inquisitors William Arnald and Peter Seila
Jewish massacres  | July 1236 | Poitou, Anjou and Brittany | 2,500–3,000  | Crusaders  | Jews killed by Crusaders
Montwimer massacre | 29 May 1239 | Montwimer  | 183  | Papal Inquisition/Crusaders | 183 Cathars burned at the stake by Robert le Bougre and Thibaut IV of Champagne
Carcassonne massacre  | 8 September 1240 | Carcassonne | 33  | Army of Raymond II Trencavel | 33 clerics massacred by forces of Trencavel after being promised safe passage from the besieged city.
Avignonet massacre | 28 May 1242 | Avignonet | 11  | Cathars | Two Inquisitors and their nine followers massacred in their sleep by Cathar rebels under Pierre-Roger de Mirepoix
Siege of Montségur | 16 March 1244 | Château de Montségur | 210–215  | Royal Army  | Cathars burned in a bonfire by the Royal Army.
Agen massacre  | 1249 | Agen | 80  | Papal Inquisition  | 80 heretics burned at the stake
Dijon massacre  | 1251 | Dijon | 139  | Shepherd Crusaders | 139 Jews massacred
Troyes massacre  | 24 April 1288 | Troyes | 13  | Papal Inquisition  | 13 Jews burned at the stake by the Inquisition, supported by King Philip IV of France
Castelsarrasin massacre  | 12 June 1320 | Castelsarrasin | 152  | Shepherd Crusaders | 152 Jews massacred by Pastoureaux
Toulouse massacre  | 15 June 1320 | Toulouse | 115–150  | Shepherd Crusaders  | 115–150 Jews massacred by Pastoureaux
Vitry massacre  | 1321 | Vitry-en-Perthois  | 77  | Unknown  | 77 Jews massacred during the 1321 leper scare. Forty Jews imprisoned and committed mass suicide.
Chinon massacre | 21 August 1321 | Chinon | 120–160  | Royal authorities  | 120–160 Jews burned at the stake on accusation of well poisoning

## Valois France

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Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Battle of Caen (1346) | 26 July 1346 | Caen | 2,500–3,000  | English forces  | Thousands killed during the sack of the town by a force of 12,000 troops led by Edward III of England
Toulon massacre | 13 April 1348 | Toulon | 40  | Mob  | Jewish community of Toulon killed as part of the Black Death Jewish persecutions
Jacquerie | June 1358 | Northern France  | 20,000  | Peasants, aristocracy and nobility  | Peasant Jacquerie rebels massacre hundreds of noblemen, women and children. Some 20,000 peasants are in turn exterminated by nobles
Siege of Limoges | 19 September 1370 | Limoges | 200–400  | English forces  | Hundreds of civilians killed during a sack of the town by 3,200 troops under the command of Edward the Black Prince[10]
Benon castle massacre  | September 1372 | Poitou  | Unknown  | Royal Army  | English garrison of Benon castle summarily executed by French troops led by Bertrand du Guesclin
Maillotins Revolt | 3 March 1382 | Paris | 30  | Maillotins  | 30 people, including 16 Jews, killed by mob[11]
Battle of Agincourt | 25 October 1415 | Caen  | Unknown  | English forces  | French prisoners of war executed during the battle by troops under the command of Henry V of England
Siege of Caen (1417) | 4 September 1417 | Caen  | 1,800–2,000  | English forces  | Between 1,800 and 2,000 civilians rounded up in the town marketplace and killed by troops led by Henry V of England, despite his orders against doing so
Paris massacres | 12 June 1418
21 August 1418 | Paris | 1,000–5,000  | Parisian mob  | Armagnacs slaughtered by Parisian mob
Siege of Rougemont  | 1421 | Rougemont  | 60  | English forces  | French garrison hung or drowned on the orders of Henry V of England[12]
Sézanne massacre  | 24 June 1424 | Sézanne | Unknown  | English forces  | Most inhabitants of the town killed during the sack of Sézanne by troops under the command of Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury
Battle of Jargeau | 12 June 1429 | Jargeau | Unknown  | Royal Army  | English prisoners executed by French troops under Joan of Arc and John II, Duke of Alençon
Siege of Chaumont  | 1434 | Chaumont  | 100  | Burgundian Army  | Garrison hanged by Philip the Good
Vicques massacre  | August 1434 | Vicques | Unknown  | Mercenaries in English service  | Mercenaries in English service kill a large number of Normans[13]
Lihons massacre  | February 1440 | Lihons | 300  | English forces  | 300 men, women and children burned alive in a church by troops led by John Talbot after refusing to surrender
Nesle massacre  | 14 June 1472 | Nesle | Unknown  | Burgundian Army  | Entire population of Nesle slaughtered and town razed to the ground by Burgundian Army under Duke Charles the Bold
Lectoure massacre  | 5 March 1473 | Lectoure | Unknown  | Royal Army  | Population massacred and city looted, burned and methodically razed to the ground by royal troops under Cardinal Jean Jouffroy. Defeat of the house of Armagnac.
Avesnes massacre  | 11 June 1477 | Avesnes | Unknown  | Royal Army  | Civilian population completely exterminated and city destroyed by royal troops under Antoine de Chabannes
Massacre of Mérindol | April 1545 | Mérindol | 3,000  | Provençal/Papal troops  | 3,000 Waldensians killed on order of Francis I of France. 670 sold as slaves, crops destroyed, herds killed and unknown number of peasants starved to death
Amboise conspiracy | 19 March 1560 | Château d'Amboise | 1,200–1,500  | Royal Army  | 1,200–1,500 Protestant conspirators executed en masse[14]
Cahors massacre  | 19 November 1561 | Cahors | 40–50  | Catholics  | Huguenots burned alive in their place of worship by Catholics
Grenade massacre  | November 1561 | Grenade | Unknown  | Catholics  | Huguenots massacred by Catholics
Carcassonne massacre  | 15 December 1561 | Carcassonne | 8  | Catholics  | 3 Huguenots and 5 non-religious people massacred by Catholics
Massacre of Vassy | 1 March 1562 | Wassy | 80  | Catholics  | Murder of Huguenots by forces of the Duc de Guise.[15]
Castelnaudary massacre  | 22 March 1562 | Castelnaudary | 60  | Catholics  | Huguenots burned alive in their place of worship by Catholics.
Massacre of Sens | 12 April 1562 | Sens | 100  | Catholics  | 100 Huguenots tied to poles and drowned by Catholics
Orange massacre  | 6 May 1562 | Orange | Unknown  | Catholics  | Population massacred by Catholics
Gaillac massacre  | 18 May 1562 | Gaillac | 60–80  | Catholics  | Huguenots captured and thrown in the river by Catholics
Mornas massacre  | July 1562 | Mornas | 200  | Protestants  | 200 soldiers executed by Protestants
Tours massacre  | 15 July 1562 | Tours | 200  | Catholics  | 200 Huguenots bludgeoned to death and thrown in the Loire by Catholics
Lauzerte massacre  | 15 August 1562 | Lauzerte | 94  | Catholics  | 94 Huguenots burned alive in a church by Catholics.
Bar-sur-Seine massacre  | 24 August 1562 | Bar-sur-Seine | 300  | Catholics  | Catholic soldiers massacre 300 people after reconquering the citadel from the Huguenots
Michelade | 30 September 1567 | Nîmes | 80–90  | Protestants  | Catholics killed by Protestants
Bondeville massacre  | 18 March 1571 | Notre-Dame-de-Bondeville | 40  | Catholics  | Protestants attacked by Catholic crowd. 40 killed.
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre | 24 August 1572 | Paris | 5,000–30,000  | French state/Catholics  | Huguenots (French Protestants) were massacred
Aups massacre  | 16 August 1574 | Aups | 18  | Protestants  | 18 killed by Protestant troops. Town looted and burned.
First Issoire massacre  | 15 October 1575 | Issoire | Unknown  | Protestants  | Catholics killed by Protestant troops under Matthieu Merle. Town looted.
Second Issoire massacre  | 12 June 1577 | Issoire | 3,000  | Royal Army  | 3,000 surrendering Protestants massacred by royal troops under Francis, Duke of Anjou following orders from King Henry III of France. Town razed.
Cuers massacre  | 10 April 1579 | Cuers | 600  | Peasant rebels  | 600 nobles and gentlemen massacred by peasants[16]
Mende massacre | 25 December 1579 | Mende | 300  | Protestants  | 300 Catholic townspeople massacred, mostly in the cathedral, by Protestant troops under Matthieu Merle[17]
Romans massacre | 16 February 1580 | Romans-sur-Isère | 20  | Local patricians  | 20 people massacred by patricians
Moirans massacre  | 26 March 1580 | Moirans | 1,000[18] | Royal Army  | 1,000 peasants massacred by royal troops[18][19][20]
Réquista massacre  | June 1581 | Réquista | Unknown  | Catholics  | Catholics kill Protestants

## Bourbon France

[edit]

Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Battle of Craon | 24 May 1592 | Craon, Mayenne | Unknown  | Spanish Empire
Catholic League | English prisoners executed
Siege of Fort Crozon | 19 November 1594 | Pointe des Espagnols | Unknown  | English forces  | Spanish soldiers and civilian summarily executed
Capture of Ham (1595) | 22 June 1595 | Ham, Somme | Unknown  | Royal Army  | Spanish garrison massacred.[21]
Siege of Doullens | July 1595 | Doullens | 4,000[22] | Army of Flanders | Garrison and civilian population killed
La Châtaigneraie massacre  | 13 August 1595 | La Châtaigneraie | 31  | Catholics  | 31 Protestants out of 230 massacred by 45 cavalrymen[23][24]
Siege of Nègrepelisse | 11 June 1622 | Nègrepelisse | 800  | Royal Army  | All inhabitants of the Huguenot stronghold killed, all women raped and the town looted and burned to the ground on order of King Louis XIII of France
Massacre at the Hôtel de Ville  | 4 July 1652 | Hôtel de Ville, Paris | 150  | Parisian mob  | 150 people, including judges, massacred by a mob during the Fronde
Serre massacre  | 19 February 1689 | Saint-Genest-Lachamp | Unknown  | Royal Army | Protestant gathering massacred by royal troops. 400 killed and wounded.[25]
Belvezet massacre  | 5 January 1703 | Belvezet | 20–25  | Camisards | 20–25 inhabitants massacred by Camisards
Chamborigaud massacre  | 17 February 1703 | Chamborigaud | 26  | Camisards  | 26 Catholics massacred by Camisards[26]
Fraissinet massacre  | 26 February 1703 | Fraissinet-de-Fourques | 33  | Camisards  | 33 inhabitants massacred by Camisards[27]
Moulin de l’Agau massacre | 1 April 1703 | Nîmes | 21–50  | Royal Army  | 21–50 Protestants locked in a barn and burned alive by royal troops[28]
Valsauve massacre  | 5 July 1703 | Verfeuil | 16–17  | Camisards  | 16–17 Catholics massacred by Camisards
Potelières massacre  | 12 September 1703 | Potelières | 22–31  | Camisards  | 22 Catholics massacred by Camisards[29]
Saint-Sériès massacre  | 20 September 1703 | Saint-Sériès | 11  | Camisards  | 11 Catholics massacred by Camisards[30]
Saturargues massacre  | 20 September 1703 | Saturargues | 59  | Camisards  | 59 Catholics massacred by Camisards[30]
Sainte-Cécile-d'Andorge massacre  | 11 October 1703 | Sainte-Cécile-d'Andorge | 9  | Camisards  | 9 Catholics massacred by Camisards[29]
Branoux massacre  | 30 October 1703 | Branoux-les-Taillades | 47–52  | Catholic vigilantes  | 47–52 inhabitants massacred by 600–700 Catholic vigilantes[31]
Cévennes massacres  | January 1704 | Cévennes | 600  | Royal Army  | Over 600 people massacred in a rampage by royal troops under general Planque.[32]
Franchassis massacre  | 24 February 1704 | Pranles | Unknown  | Royal Army  | All inhabitants killed by royal troops under general Julien. Village looted, burned and razed to the ground.[33]
Cévennes massacres  | April 1704 | Cévennes  | 1,000  | Royal Army/Catholic vigilantes  | Over 1,000 people massacred in a killing spree by 4,000 royal troops and Catholic vigilantes under Lieutenant General marquis La Lande.[34]
Villars' terror campaign  | August 1704 | Cévennes  | Unknown  | Royal Army  | Dozens of villages burned and their inhabitants massacred by royal forces under Marshal Claude Louis Hector de Villars[35]
Vernoux massacre | 12 December 1745 | Vernoux | 30  | Bourgeois militia/Royal Army  | 30 Protestants killed by bourgeois militia and soldiers

## Revolutionary and Imperial France

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Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Champ de Mars Massacre | 17 July 1791 | Paris  | 12–50  | Royal Army  | 12–50 republicans killed by royalist troops under Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
Massacres of La Glacière | 17 October 1791 | Avignon | 60  | Patriots  | 60 papists massacred by patriots
September Massacres | September 1792 | Paris | 1,500  | National Guard | Multiple massacres with varying death tolls during French Revolution
First Massacre of Machecoul | 11 March 1793 | Machecoul | 200  | Catholic and Royal Army | Royalist rebels massacre Republican civilians and soldiers
First Battle of Noirmoutier | 12 October 1793 | Noirmoutier | 200  | Catholic and Royal Army  | Republican prisoners executed by rebels
Drownings at Nantes | November 1793 / February 1794 | Nantes | 4,800  | French Revolutionary Army | Multiple massacres by drownings by revolutionaries
Avranches massacre | 21 November 1793 | Avranches | 800  | French Revolutionary Army  | 800 counter-revolutionary rebels executed by firing squad.
Lyon Revolt | 4 December 1793 | Lyon | 60  | French Revolutionary Army  | 60 rebels massacred by soldiers
Lyon Revolt | 5 December 1793 | Lyon  | 209  | French Revolutionary Army  | 209 rebels massacred by soldiers
Battle of Savenay | December 1793 | Savenay | 663–2,000  | French Revolutionary Army  | Rebel prisoners executed by Republicans
Infernal columns | January 21–May 17 1794  | Vendée | 20,000 - 50,000  | French Revolutionary Army  | A series of massacres in an area previously affected by the Royalist uprising.
Thermidorian Reaction | 28 July 1794 | Paris  | 169  | Thermidorians  | 169 Robespierrists, Communards and Montagnards executed by Thermidorians
Lyon massacre | 4 April 1795 | Lyon  | 99  | Mob  | 99 Jacobin prisoners killed by rioters
Aix-en-Provence massacre | 11 May 1795 | Aix-en-Provence | 30  | Mob  | 30 Jacobin prisoners killed
Fort Saint-Jean massacre | 5 June 1795 | Lyon  | 100  | Mob  | 100 Jacobin prisoners out of 127 killed by armed band
Plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise | 24 December 1800 | Paris  | 22 (+50 injured)  | Chouannerie Royalists  | Failed Royalist assassination attempt by bombing on First Consul Napoleon

## Bourbon Restoration

[edit]

Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Second White Terror | 1815 | Nationwide  | 300–500  | Royalists | Royalist mobs kill 300–500 people

## July Monarchy

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Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Massacre of rue Transnonain | 13 April 1834 | Paris  | 12  | National Guard  | Insurrectionists and civilians killed by the National Guard in Rue Transonain number 12.[36]
Attentat de Fieschi | 28 July 1835 | Paris  | 18 (+22 injured)  | Giuseppe Marco Fieschi | Attempted assassination of King Louis Philippe I with volley gun
Massacre of Boulevard des Capucines | 23 February 1848 | Paris  | 52[37]–65  | French Army | Regular soldiers fire on crowd during the French Revolution of 1848[38]

## Second Republic

[edit]

Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Rouen riots  | April 1848 | Rouen  | 59  | French Army  | Insurrection suppressed after 59 rioters were killed by soldiers
June Days uprising | June 1848 | Paris  | 1,500–3,000  | French Army  | Suppression of June Days uprising. 1,500–3,000 rebels summarily executed and 12,500 arrested, of whom 4,500 deported to Algeria.

## Second Empire

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Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Orsini affair | 14 January 1858 | Paris  | 8 (+102 injured)  | Felice Orsini | Attempted assassination of Emperor Napoleon III by Italian revolutionary
Fusillade d'Aubin | 8 October 1869 | Aubin, Aveyron | 14 (22 wounded)  | French Army  | French soldiers fire on striking miners.[39][40]
Passavant massacre | 25 August 1870 | Passavant-en-Argonne | 49  | Prussian Army | 49 Garde Mobile prisoners of war shot by Prussian troops[41][42]

## Third Republic

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Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Suppression of the Paris Commune | May 1871 | Paris | 6,000–20,000  | French Army  | Prisoners shot by the army of the Versailles government
Hostage shooting during the Paris Commune | 24 May 1871 | Paris | 6  | Paris Commune | Six hostages, including Archbishop Georges Darboy shot by members of the National Guard of the Paris Commune.
Fusillade de Fourmies | 1 May 1891 | Fourmies | 9 (+35 injured)  | French Army  | French troops shot at peaceful strikers during the International Workers' Day
Carmaux mining company bombing | 8 November 1892 | Paris  | 5  | Émile Henry | Five police officers killed by bomb planted by anarchist Émile Henry.
Massacre of Italians at Aigues-Mortes | 17 June 1893 | Aigues-Mortes | 17 (+150 injured)  | French villagers and labourers  | Italian migrant workers massacred by French mob
Gerbéviller massacre | 24 August 1914 | Gerbéviller | 64  | Imperial German Army | 64 civilians killed by German soldiers, including 15 mutilated or burned alive.
6 February 1934 crisis | 6 February 1934 | Place de la Concorde, Paris | 16 (+2000 injured)  | French police | French police shot at far-right demonstrators, mostly members of Action Française
Assassination of Alexander I of Yugoslavia | 9 October 1934 | Marseille  | 6 (+5 injured)  | Vlado Chernozemski | Bulgarian revolutionary Vlado Chernozemski shoots King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou

## Second World War

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Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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Abbeville massacre | 20 May 1940 | Abbeville | 22  | French Army  | French soldiers shot a number of Flemish nationalists and members of the Belgian Communist Party as the German army cut off the area during the Battle of France
Le Paradis massacre | 27 May 1940 | Le Paradis village, commune of Lestrem, Northern France  | 97 (+2 injured)  | SS Totenkopf | shooting of British POWs by German troops (SS Totenkopf)
Wormhoudt massacre | 28 May 1940 | Wormhoudt | 80 (+15 injured)  | Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler | shooting of British and French POWs by German troops (SS Adolf Hitler)
Bois d'Eraine massacre | 11 June 1940 | Cressonsacq | ~74  | Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland | Senegalese Tirailleurs and their white officers executed by Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland.
Clamecy massacre | 18 June 1940 | Clamecy | 40  | German forces  | shooting of African POWs by German troops[43][44]
Karl Hotz reprisals | 22 October 1941 | Châteaubriant, Nantes, Paris  | 48  | German forces  | 48 French hostages executed as reprisal for the French resistance killing of Karl Hotz
Ascq massacre | 1 April 1944 | Ascq, France | 86  | 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend | murder of French civilians by German troops (SS Hitlerjugend)
Audouville massacre | 6 June 1944 | Audouville-la-Hubert | 30  | 101st Airborne Division | 30 Wehrmacht prisoners of war executed by US paratroopers[45]
Ardenne Abbey massacre | June 1944 | Ardenne Abbey | 20  | 12th SS Hitlerjugend  | 20 Canadian POWs massacred by 12th SS Hitlerjugend
Tulle massacre | 9 June 1944 | Tulle, Corrèze | 120 killed, 149 deported  | 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich | murder and deportation to Dachau of French civilians by German troops (SS Das Reich)
Oradour-sur-Glane massacre | 10 June 1944 | Oradour-sur-Glane | 642  | 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich  | murder of French civilians by German troops (SS Das Reich)
Graignes massacre | 11 June 1944 | Graignes, Manche | 61  | 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division | 17 American POWs were bayonetted and shot to death and 44 French civilians accused of assisting the Americans were shot by German troops.
Dun-les-Places massacre | 28 June 1944 | Dun-les-Places | 27  | German security forces  | 27 villagers taken as hostages and executed by German forces
Dortan Massacre | 12 July 1944 | Dortan | 35  | Freiwilligen-Stamm-Division | 35-36 villagers arrested, tortured, raped and executed by German forces
Tragedy of the Guerry's wells | July 1944/August 1944 | Savigny-en-Septaine | 36  | Sicherheitsdienst
Milice | 36 Jews slain by Milice under SD command
Penguerec massacre | 7 August 1944 | Gouesnou | 44  | Kriegsmarine 3rd anti-air brigade  | 44 French civilians massacred by Kriegsmarine personnel.[46][47][48]
First Saint-Julien massacre | 9 August 1944 | Saint-Julien-de-Crempse | 17  | German Army | 17 villagers executed by German troops as reprisal for French resistance activity[49]
Saint-Genis-Laval massacre | 20 August 1944 | Saint-Genis-Laval | 120  | Sicherheitspolizei
Milice  | 120 prisoners executed by Sipo and Milice
Buchères massacre | 24 August 1944 | Buchères | 68  | SS Panzergrenadier Brigade 51 | Men of the SS Panzergrenadier Brigade 51 massacred 68 people in a reprisal following an ambush by partisans against the unit[50][51]
Maillé massacre | 25 August 1944 | Maillé, Indre-et-Loire | 124  | 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen | murder of French civilians by German troops (17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen)
Affair of 27 martyrs | 25 August 1944 | Chatou | 27  | German forces  | 27 Frenchmen executed as reprisal for French Resistance attack.[52]
Vallée de la Saulx massacre | 28 August 1944 | Vallée de la Saulx | 86  | 3rd Panzergrenadier Division | 86 French villagers massacred by 3rd Panzergrenadier Division[53]
Second Saint-Julien massacre | 10 September 1944 | Saint-Julien-de-Crempse | 17  | French resistance | 17 Wehrmacht prisoners of war executed by villagers as revenge for first massacre[54]

## Post-War

[edit]

Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Perpetrators  | Notes

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14 July 1953 demonstration | 14 July 1953 | Paris  | 7 (+50 demonstrators, 16 police wounded)  | French police  | Seven people, including 6 Algerians, killed by French police
1961 Vitry-Le-François train bombing | 18 June 1961 | Blacy, Marne | 24–28 (+132–170 injured)  | Organisation armée secrète | Train derailed by OAS explosive, killing up to 28.
Paris massacre of 1961 | 17 October 1961 | Paris  | 40 (government sources) ~200 (opposition sources)  | French police  | Algerian demonstrators killed by French police.
The Charonne Metro Station Massacre | 8 February 1962 | Charonne | 9  | French police  | CGT Trade union members and communists killed by French police
Marseille bar massacre | 3 October 1978 | Marseille  | 10  | Armed gunmen  | Organized crime war
Sofitel massacre | 5 August 1983 | Avignon  | 7  | Robbers  | Four luxury hotel employees and three customers killed by robbers
Ille-et-Vilaine massacre | 19 June 1985 | Ille-et-Vilaine | 7  | Guy Martel  | spree killing
Luxiol massacre | 12 July 1989 | Luxiol | 14  | Christian Dornier  | spree killing, 3 family members and random inhabitants
Besançon massacre | 1 July 1992 | Besançon | 7 (5 wounded)  | Franck Zoritch  | 7 people killed by Franck Zoritch[55]
Cuers massacre | 24 September 1995 | Cuers | 16  | Éric Borel  | spree killing, 3 family members and random inhabitants, perpetrator committed suicide.
Tours massacre | 29 October 2001 | Tours  | 4 (7 wounded)  | Jean-Pierre Roux-Durrafourt  | 4 people killed by Jean-Pierre Roux-Durraffourt[56][57]
Nanterre massacre | 27 March 2002 | Nanterre | 9 (+19 injured)  | Richard Durn  | spree killing, perpetrator committed suicide.
2012 Midi-Pyrénées massacre | 19 March 2012 | Midi-Pyrénées region  | 7 (+5 injured)  | Mohammed Merah  | A French radical Islamist man attacks a Jewish school, he murders 3 young children and a rabbi at the school, and also kills 3 French soldiers.
Annecy shootings | 5 September 2012 | Chevaline, Haute-Savoie | 4  | Unknown  | 3 Britons and 1 Frenchman killed in shooting.
2015 Charlie Hebdo massacre | 7 January 2015 | Paris  | 12 (+11 injured)  | Chérif and Saïd Kouachi  | Two French radical Islamist brothers attack an office, they murder 11 at the office and kill a French police officer on the street.
2015 Porte de Vincennes massacre | 9 January 2015 | Paris  | 5 (+11 injured)  | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant | A French radical Islamist man attacks a Jewish supermarket and murders 4, a French policewoman is also killed on the street the previous day.
Germanwings Flight 9525 deliberate crash | 24 March 2015 | Prads-Haute-Bléone, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence | 150  | Andreas Lubitz  | Andreas Lubitz, the German co-pilot, deliberately crashed the plane on the French Alps, killing all passengers and crew.
November 2015 Paris attacks | 13 November 2015 | Paris  | 130 (+368 injured)  | ISIL  | Eight radical Islamists men of ISIL perform coordinated attacks upon the French public at various locations in Paris using assault rifles and explosives;[58]
2016 Nice truck attack | 14 July 2016 | Nice | 86 (+434 injured)  | Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel | A Tunisian/French radical Islamist man attacks the French public celebrating Bastille Day, he drives a 19 tonne cargo truck through the public on the street thereby killing indiscriminately.
Carcassonne and Trèbes attack | 23 March 2018 | Trèbes and Carcassonne | 4 (+15 injured)  | Redouane Lakdim  | Islamist terrorist Redouane Lakdim shoots and stabs four people to death.
2018 Strasbourg attack | 11 December 2018 | Strasbourg | 5 (+12 injured)  | Chérif Chekatt
(29 years old)  | Islamist terrorist Chérif Chekatt shoots five people to death with a revolver and injures several people by stabbing with a knife. Chekatt was killed 2 days later by the police, after a razzia in Strasbourgs district Neudorf. He was shot after opening fire on several police officers.
February 2019 Paris fire | 5 February 2019 | Paris  | 10 (+36 injured)  | Unknown  | Arson at an apartment block.
Paris police headquarters stabbing | 3 October 2019 | Paris  | 4 (+2 injured)  | Mickaël Harpon  | Police employee stab four colleagues to death.
Toulouse summer 2020 attacks[59] | 13 July 2020 \- 7 September 2020 | Toulouse | 5 (+3 injured)  | Unknown  | 1 (+1 injured) in September, 2 (+2 injured) in August, 2 in July.

## See also

[edit]

* List of terrorist attacks in France

## Citations

[edit]

1. ^ Di Rocco A. (2009) Année 451 : la bataille qui sauva l'Occident. Eds. Thélès. ISBN 978-2-303-00228-8 pp. 156–158 (in French)
2. ^ "On This Day In History: Attila The Hun Captures The City of Metz - On Apr 7, 451 - Ancient Pages". www.ancientpages.com. 7 April 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
3. ^ "Histoire. Un livre sur le siège de Metz par Attila". Le Républicain Lorrain (in French). 8 June 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
4. ^ "The Legislation of Magistri Militum: the laws of Gundobad and Sigismund". journals.openedition.org. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
5. ^ Petersen 2013, p. 729.
6. ^ Strayer 1971, p. 62.
7. ^ Oldenbourg, Zoe (12 January 2015). Massacre At Montsegur: A History Of The Albigensian Crusade - Zoe Oldenbourg - Google Books. Orion. ISBN 978-1-4746-0031-6.
8. ^ "Patrimoine en Lauragais : un mémorial érigé en lieu et place du bûcher cathare de Les Cassès - Voix du Midi Lauragais". Actu.fr (in French). 27 October 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
9. ^ Strayer 1971, p. 118.
10. ^ Jones 2017, pp. 405–408.
11. ^ Sumption 2009, p. 446.
12. ^ "Easter Weekend 1421 - Compendum Caidis". caidwiki.org. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
13. ^ Fiasson, David (28 December 2022). "The Vicques massacre (1434), a turning point in the history of Lancastrian Normandy - Cairn.info". Cairn.info. 704 (4): 793–813\. doi:10.3917/rhis.224.0793. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
14. ^ Pierre Miquel, 1980, p.213, Robert Laffont. ed. Histoire et dictionnaire des guerres de religion 1998:61.
15. ^ Lindsay, Thomas M. (2003) [1906]. History of the Reformation Reformation in Switzerland, France, the Netherlands, Scotland and England. Charles Scribner's Sons; Kessinger Publishing. p. 189\. ISBN 978-0-7661-6367-6. OCLC 3960339.
16. ^ Mack P. Holt, The French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629 (Cambridge University Press, 1995) p.112
17. ^ "Léon Costecalde, Monographie illustré de la cathédrale de Mende (Imprimerie Ignon-Renouard, 1922) p.13 ("La nuit de Noel 1579, Mathieu Merle, chef des protestants cevenois, s'avanca vers Mende, a la feveur des tenebres, s'empara de la ville par trabison, y massacra 400 pretres ou fideles, la plupart, dans l'enceinte meme de la cathedrale."
18. ^ a b Davis, Michael T. (September 2015). Crowd Actions in Britain and France from the Middle Ages to the Modern World - Google Books. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-31651-6.
19. ^ The Orgasms of History: 3000 Years of Spontaneous Insurrection - Google Books. AK Press. 2002. ISBN 978-1-902593-34-0.
20. ^ "La feuille Charbinoise - Printemps 1580 - la révolte des Vilains en Dauphiné". www.lafeuillecharbinoise.com (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2024.
21. ^ Charles Gomart, Ham, son château et ses prisonniers, 1864, réédition, Woignarue, La Vague verte, 2000, ISBN 2-913 924-04-2 p. 180 à 191
22. ^ Goubert, Pierre (2002). The Course of French History. Routledge. p. 103.
23. ^ "1595-08-13 - Archives de la Vendée". archives.vendee.fr (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2024.
24. ^ "Massacre des protestants réunis au temple de la Brossardière le 13 août 1595 - Mes Ancêtres, 40 Générations". mesancetres-40generations.over-blog.com (in French). 2 April 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
25. ^ Monahan 2014, p. 41.
26. ^ Monahan 2014, p. 112.
27. ^ Monahan 2014, p. 110.
28. ^ Monahan 2014, p. 123.
29. ^ a b Monahan 2014, p. 154.
30. ^ a b Monahan 2014, p. 153.
31. ^ Monahan 2014, p. 155.
32. ^ Monahan 2014, p. 179.
33. ^ Monahan 2014, p. 181.
34. ^ Monahan 2014, pp. 187–188.
35. ^ Monahan 2014, pp. 220–221.
36. ^ Larrère, Mathilde (11 April 2024). "Avril 1834: la monarchie de Juillet assassine le peuple - L'Humanité". L'Humanité (in French). Retrieved 7 January 2025.
37. ^ House, Jonathan Mallory (2014). Controlling Paris: armed forces and counter-revolution, 1789-1848. Warfare and culture series. New York London: New York University Press. pp. 56–57\. ISBN 978-1-4798-8115-4.
38. ^ Ancery, Pierre (21 February 2018). "23 février 1848: La promenade des cadavres - RetroNews - Le site de presse de la BnF". RetroNews (in French). Retrieved 7 January 2024.
39. ^ Georges Soria, Grand History of the Commune, Édition du centenaire 1971, T.I p.126 (in French)
40. ^ Bellot, Marina (30 January 2019). "1869: L'armée tire sur une foule de grévistes à Aubin - RetroNews - Le site de presse de la BnF". RetroNews (in French). Retrieved 7 January 2025.
41. ^ "Un hommage a été rendu aux Mobiles massacrés - Journal L'Union". L'Union (in French). 25 August 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
42. ^ "Retour sur le massacre des mobiles de la Marne à Passavant-en-Argonne - Journal L'Union". L'Union (in French). 9 October 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
43. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 160\. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
44. ^ Castillon, Armandine (16 June 2020). "Juin 1940:le massacre des « tirailleurs sénégalais » à Clamecy". France 3 Régions (in French). Retrieved 9 July 2025.
45. ^ Wiegrefe, Klaus (4 May 2010). "The Horror of D-Day: A New Openness to Discussing Allied War Crimes in WWII". Der Spiegel. Spiegel-Verlag. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
46. ^ "Le massacre de Penguérec". www.gouesnou.bzh (in French). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
47. ^ Poupon, Dimitri (7 August 2023). "Le massacre oublié du 7 août 1944 à Gouesnou - Slate.fr". Slate.Fr (in French). Retrieved 10 January 2025.
48. ^ Delanoë, Régis (20 April 2024). "«J'étais à la ferme quand les Allemands sont arrivés»: le massacre oublié de Penguerec en août 1944". Ouest-France (in French). Retrieved 10 January 2025.
49. ^ Bozec, Daniel (10 August 2020). "Massacre du 9 août 1944 en Dordogne: « Nous sommes quatre enfants de victimes encore en vie »". Sud Ouest (in French). Retrieved 10 January 2025.
50. ^ (in French) Bruge, Roger (1994) 1944 Le temps des Massacres, les crimes de la Gestapo et de la 51e Brigade SS, Albin Michel, ISBN 2-226-06966-6
51. ^ Notice on Maitron-fusilles-40-44.univ-paris1.fr
52. ^ Birden, Sébastien (24 August 2024). "80 ans de la Libération: l'hommage de Chatou à ses 27 martyrs de la Résistance - Le Parisien". Le Parisien (in French). Retrieved 9 January 2025.
53. ^ "Sud meusien. Le massacre de la vallée de la Saulx et ses 86 victimes: une tragédie qui a profondément marqué la mémoire locale". L'Est Républicain (in French). 12 July 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
54. ^ "Bodies of WWII German soldiers dug up in France - Taipei Times". Taipei Times. 6 November 2003. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
55. ^ "Vidéo. Il y a 30 ans, la tuerie chez Bourgeois : retour sur le fait divers le plus meurtrier qu'a connu Besançon". L'Est Républicain (in French). 30 June 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
56. ^ McNeil Jr., Donald G. (30 October 2001). "French Railway Worker Goes on Shooting Rampage, Killing 4 - The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
57. ^ Stenfeld, Emma (4 October 2023). "VIDÉO. "Je ne vis plus, je survis": 22 ans après la tuerie de Tours en 2001, la veuve d'une victime s'inquiète de la possible libération du tueur". France 3 (in French). Retrieved 11 January 2025.
58. ^ "Paris attacks death toll rises to 130". RTE News. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
59. ^ "Toulouse : un mort et un blessé grave dans une fusillade". 7 September 2020.

## References

[edit]

* Jones, Michael (2017). The Black Prince. London: Head of Zeus. ISBN 9781784972936.
* Monahan, W. Gregory (2014). Let God Arise: The War and Rebellion of the Camisards. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-968844-9.
* Petersen, Leif Inge Ree (2013). Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-25199-1.
* Strayer, Joseph R. (1971). The Albigensian Crusades. New York, NY: The Dial Press. ISBN 0-472-09476-9.
* Sumption, Jonathan (2009). The Hundred Years War: Divided Houses. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4223-2.

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