List of massacres in Indonesia

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (March 2022)

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The following article is a list of massacres that have occurred in Indonesia.

## Precolonial and colonial Indonesia[edit]

Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Notes

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Banda massacre | 7 March–late 1621  | Lontor, Maluku | 2,500–2,800  | Genocidal massacre of the Banda people by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) under Jan Pieterszoon Coen during the Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands
1740 Batavia massacre | 9 October–22 November 1740  | Jakarta | 10,000+  | Pogrom of the Chinese community of Batavia by the VOC under Governor-General Adriaan Valckenier
Kuta Reh massacre | 14 June 1904  | Kuta Rih, Aceh | 561  | Massacre of the inhabitants of Kuta Reh by the Korps Marechaussee te voet of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) under General Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van Daalen during the Aceh War
1918 Kudus riot | 31 October 1918  | Kudus, Central Java | c. 10  | Pogrom of the Chinese community of Kudus by Javanese residents
Laha massacre | February 1942  | Ambon, Maluku  | 309  | Massacre of Australian and Dutch prisoners of war (POWs) by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) under General Takeo Itō during the Dutch East Indies campaign
Bangka Island massacre | 16 February 1942  | Bangka, Bangka Belitung Islands | 82  | Massacre of Australian and British nurses and POWs by the IJA following the Fall of Singapore
Balikpapan massacre | 24 February 1942  | Balikpapan, East Kalimantan | 78  | Massacre of Dutch civilians and POWs by the 56th Division of the IJA during the Dutch East Indies campaign
Pig-basket atrocity | 1942–1943  | Throughout the Indonesian Archipelago | Unknown  | Killings of Allied POWs by the Japanese Kempeitai and the IJA under General Hitoshi Imamura during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
Pontianak incidents | 1943–1944  | Kalimantan | 20,000+[1] | Massacres of various Borneo demographies, in particular local ethnic Malay elites, by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
Bersiap killings | August 1945–November 1947[2] | Throughout the Indonesian Archipelago  | 3,500–30,000  | Revolutionary and intercommunal killings of Chinese, Europeans, Indos, Japanese, Minahasans, Moluccans, and other demographies by (fellow) native Indonesians during the Indonesian National Revolution; in particular between the surrender of Japan in August 1945 and the arrival of the Dutch military in March 1946
Bulu prison massacre | August 1945  | Semarang, Central Java  | 200+  | Massacre of Japanese POWs by Indonesian revolutionaries during the Indonesian National Revolution
South Sulawesi campaign | 10 December 1946–21 February 1947  | South Sulawesi | 4,600–5,000  | Killings of Sulawesi civilians during the Indonesian National Revolution; 3,100–3,500 people killed by troops of the KNIL and the Korps Speciale Troepen (KST) under Captain Raymond Westerling, and approximately 1,500 people killed by Indonesian revolutionaries
Mergosono massacre | 31 July 1947  | Malang, East Java | 30  | Pogrom of the Chinese community of Mergosono by Indonesian revolutionaries during the Indonesian National Revolution
Rawagede massacre | 9 December 1947  | Balongsari, West Java | 431  | Massacre of the inhabitants of Rawegede by KNIL troops under Major Alphons Wijnen during the Indonesian National Revolution
Rengat massacre | 5 January 1949  | Rengat, Riau | 400–2,600  | Massacre of the inhabitants of Rengat by KST troops under Lieutenant Rudy de Mey during the Indonesian National Revolution

## Republic of Indonesia[edit]

Name  | Date  | Location  | Deaths  | Notes

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Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66 | October, 1965–March, 1966  | Throughout Indonesia | 500,000–1,000,000+  | Transition to the New Order
East Timor genocide | 1975–1999  | East Timor (then under Indonesian occupation as the province of East Timor)  | 100,000–300,000  | Indonesian genocidal massacre and state terrorism against the population of East Timor, from the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975–79 until the formation of the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor in 1999
Malari incident | 15–16 January 1974  | Jakarta | 11  | Student protests against New Order government corruption, high prices, and financial inequality turn into violent riots and a pogrom of the Chinese community of Glodok
Kraras massacre | August–September 1983  | Kraras, East Timor (then under Indonesian occupation as the province of East Timor)  | 200+  | Massacre of the inhabitants of Kraras by the Indonesian Army in collaboration with local Hansip during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor
Tanjung Priok massacre | 12 September 1984  | Jakarta  | 24–100+  | Killings of Muslim residents of Tanjung Priok by the Indonesian military, who had been protesting earlier arrests of mosque caretakers
Santa Cruz massacre | 12 November 1991  | Dili, East Timor (then under Indonesian occupation as the province of East Timor)  | 250+  | Killings of East Timorese pro-independence demonstrators by the Indonesian Army during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor
1996 Timika shooting | 15 April 1996  | Timika, Central Papua | 16  | Mass shooting of five Kopassus officers, six Indonesian military officials, and five civilians by Kopassus Second Lieutenant Sanurip at the Mozes Kilangin Airport
1997 Banjarmasin riot | 23 May 1997  | Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan | 137+  | Attacks against Golkar supporters, local Chinese and Christians, and businesses by supporters of the United Development Party in the run-up to the 1997 Indonesian legislative election
1998 Banyuwangi massacre | 1998  | Banyuwangi, East Java | 143  | A witchhunt in Banyuwangi against alleged sorcerers spiraled into widespread riots and violence. In addition to alleged sorcerers, Islamic clerics were also targeted and killed, Nahdlatul Ulama members were murdered by rioters.[3][4]
May 1998 riots of Indonesia | 4–8 and 12–15 May 1998  | Jakarta, Medan, Surakarta, and elsewhere  | 5,000  | There were dozens of documented accounts of ethnic Chinese women being raped. Other sources note over 1,500 people were killed and over 468 (168 victims in Jakarta alone) were mass gang-raped in the riots. There is a possibility of 5,000 dead[5][6][7][8][9]
Biak massacre | 2–6 July 1998  | Biak, Papua | 40–150  | Massacre of Papuan pro-independence demonstrators of the Free Papua Movement by Indonesian military and police forces during the Papuan conflict
Sambas riots | 1999  | Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan | 3,000  | Malays and Dayaks joined to massacre the Madurese. Madurese were mutilated and killed with 3,000 of them died in the massacres, and the Indonesian government doing little to stop the violence[10][11][12]
Liquiçá Church massacre | 6 April 1999  | Liquiçá, East Timor (then under Indonesian occupation as the province of East Timor)  | c. 200  | Massacre of East Timorese Catholics by pro-Indonesia militias, mainly Besi Merah Putih, during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor
Manuel Carrascalão House massacre | 17 April 1999  | Dili, East Timor (then under Indonesian occupation as the province of East Timor)  | 14  | Killings of East Timorese pro-independence figures by the pro-Indonesia Aitarak militia under Eurico Guterres during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor. Guterres has led the Indonesian Laskar Merah Putih militia in Indonesian New Guinea since August 2003
Suai Church massacre | 6 September 1999  | Suai, East Timor (then under Indonesian occupation as the province of East Timor)  | c. 200  | Massacre of East Timorese Catholics by the Indonesian Army, police, and the pro-Indonesia Laksaur militia during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor
Walisongo school massacre | 28 May 2000  | Poso, Central Sulawesi | 165–191  | Massacre of Muslim residents in villages around Poso city by radical Christian militants during the Poso riots as part of the sectarian conflict between Muslims and Christians in Central Sulawesi
Sampit conflict | 18–28 February 2001  | Sampit, Central Kalimantan | 500  | Massacre of Madurese migrants by Dayak natives, with violence later spreading throughout Central Kalimantan
2002 Poso bus attacks | 5 June–8 August 2002  | Poso, Central Sulawesi  | 7  | Bombings and a shooting targeting public transport in Poso, Central Sulawesi by radical Islamic militants as part of the sectarian conflict between Muslims and Christians in Central Sulawesi
Tarakan riot | 27–29 September 2010  | Tarakan, North Kalimantan | 4  | A violent riot between native Tidung and migrant Bugis following the fatal mugging of a Tidung elder by Buginese youths; further escalation is avoided through a government-mediated peace agreement between the communities
Bloody Paniai case | 8 December 2014  | Paniai Regency, Central Papua  | 5  | Killings of civilians protesting military misconduct by the Indonesian Army during the Papua conflict
Nduga massacre | 1 December 2018  | Nduga Regency, Highland Papua | 20  | Massacre of 19 non-Papuan civilian workers and 1 Indonesian Army soldier by West Papua National Liberation Army fighters under Egianus Kogoya during the Papua conflict
2019 Papua protests | 19 August–23 September 2019  | Throughout Indonesian New Guinea  | 31–33  | Papuan protests throughout western New Guinea, fueled by an incident of racism in Surabaya and the ongoing Papua conflict, resulted in 5–7 civilian deaths in clashes in Deiyai Regency and 26 deaths from looting in Wamena and Jayapura
2019 Indonesian protests and riots | 23 September–28 October 2019  | Throughout Indonesia  | 5  | Mass protests by students in major Indonesian cities against new government legislation, resulting in the deaths of 3 protesters in Jakarta and 2 others in the Bloody September incident in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi
Llaga killings | 20 November 2020  | Llaga, Central Papua  | 4  | Killings of Papuan civilians by the Indonesian Army near the village of Llaga, two youths were shot one dying and the other only suffering injures, around a hour later one teen, one child and a civil servant were executed, during the Papua conflict.[13]
Nipuralome killings | 4 June 2021  | Nipuralome, Central Papua  | 3  | Killings of Papuan civilians by the Indonesian Army in the village of Nipuralome, where a man and his wife were killed as well as another man being killed, during the Papua conflict.
2022 Haruku Island riot | 25–27 January 2022  | Haruku Island, Maluku | 3  | A customary land dispute between two villages leads to a violent riot; local leaders deny religious conflict, despite different religions between the communities
Bilogai Hospital incident | 16 February 2022  | Bilogai, Papua  | 3  | Torture and killing of three brothers by the Indonesian Army while two brothers were visiting their injured brother after he was shot during rioting, during the Papua conflict.[14]
Telkomsel BTS tower shooting | 2 March 2022  | Beoga, Central Papua  | 8  | Killings of civilian workers at a Telkomsel telecommunications facility by West Papua Liberation Organization fighters during the Papua conflict
Nogolait shooting | 16 July 2022  | Nogolait, Highland Papua  | 11  | Killings of non-Papuan residents of Nogolait by West Papua National Liberation Army fighters under Goliath Tabuni and Egianus Kogoya during the Papua conflict
Timika killings | 22 August 2022  | Timika, West Papua  | 4  | Killings of Papuan civilians by the Indonesian Army, who were attempting to by weapons from the soldiers; they were shot, dismembered and their bodies stuffed in sacks and thrown in the Pigapu River, during the Papua conflict[15]
2022 Southeast Maluku riot | 12 November 2022  | Kai Besar, Maluku  | 2  | A customary land dispute between two Catholic Kei villages and a Muslim Banda village leads to a violent riot; religious conflict is denied by local leadership
2023 Wamena riot | 23 February 2023  | Wamena, Highland Papua  | 12  | A violent riot between Papuan residents of Sinakma, Wamena and Indonesian security personnel following the arrests of two Batak merchants on suspicion of child kidnapping during the 2023 Indonesian child abduction scare
Jagakarsa child killings | 6 December 2023 (bodies found)  | Jagakarsa, Jakarta  | 4  | A father of four children beats his wife to the extent that she had to be hospitalized. Subsequently, he was reported to the police and summoned to the police station but refused, citing the reason of 'taking care of the children.' Later, he killed his four children between the possible dates of 3-6 December. The lifeless bodies of the four children were discovered lined up in their bedroom, while their father was found in the bathroom, covered in blood with cut wounds on both wrists (possibly attempting suicide after committing the murders) on 6 December

## See also[edit]

* List of disasters in Indonesia
* List of terrorist incidents in Indonesia
* List of massacres in East Timor

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Mandor killing fields - Dark Tourism - the guide to dark travel destinations around the world". www.dark-tourism.com.
2. ^ The end of the Bersiap period is variously placed in March 1946 (per KITLV/NIMH/NIOD), November 1947 (per William H. Frederick), and even December 1949 (per the Dutch government).
3. ^ Category: Edition 62: Apr-Jun 2000. "The Banyuwangi murders". Inside Indonesia. Retrieved 2018-02-04.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
4. ^ Liebhold, David (1998-10-19). "That New Black Magic - TIME". Content.time.com. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
5. ^ Gerry van Klinken. "Inside Indonesia - Digest 86 - Towards a mapping of 'at risk' groups in Indonesia". Archived from the original on 2000-09-20. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
6. ^ "[Indonesia-L] Digest - The May Riot". Library.ohiou.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-03-25. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
7. ^ ""Over 1,000 killed in Indonesia riots: rights body Reuters - June 3, 1998 Jim Della-Giacoma, Jakarta", "The May riots DIGEST No.61 - May 29, 1998"". Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2015.
8. ^ Donald L. Horowitz (25 March 2013). Constitutional Change and Democracy in Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 34–. ISBN 978-1-107-35524-8.
9. ^ Collins 2002 Archived 2015-02-13 at the Wayback Machine, p. 597.
10. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/asia-pacific/1186401.stm http://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/violence-indonesian-borneo-spurs-relocation-ethnic-madurese http://indahnesia.com/indonesia/SAMPEO/people.php
11. ^ John Braithwaite; Valerie Braithwaite; Michael Cookson; Leah Dunn (2010). Anomie and Violence: Non-truth and Reconciliation in Indonesian Peacebuilding. ANU E Press. pp. 299–. ISBN 978-1-921666-23-0.
12. ^ Eva-Lotta E. Hedman (2008). Conflict, Violence, and Displacement in Indonesia. SEAP Publications. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-0-87727-745-3.
13. ^ u1l2m3w4p5 (2020-11-25). "ULMWP Chair: Three school children massacred in Puncak as Indonesia targets new generation". United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP). Retrieved 2023-12-23.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
14. ^ News, U. C. A. (2021-02-22). "What Can Indonesian Church Do To Ease The Papua Conflict? – OpEd". Eurasia Review. Retrieved 2023-12-23. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
15. ^ "Indonesian Soldiers Arrested for Killing 4 Papuans | Human Rights Watch". 2022-09-02. Retrieved 2023-12-19.

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