List of medieval composers

Composers in the middle ages

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Medieval music
Overview

* Composers  / Instruments / Theory (Theorists)

* * *

Movements and schools

* Saint Gall
* Saint Martial
* Goliard
* Ars antiqua
* Notre-Dame school
* Troubadour
* Trouvère
* Minnesang
* Ars nova
* Trecento
* Ars subtilior

Major figures

* Notker
* Guido
* Hildegard
* Bernart
* Walther
* Pérotin
* Adam de la Halle
* Franco
* Vitry
* Machaut
* Landini
* Ciconia
* Dunstaple

Major forms

* Canso
* Conductus
* Formes fixes
* Ballade
* Rondeau
* Virelai
* Geisslerlied
* Gregorian chant
* Lai
* Lauda
* Liturgical drama
* Madrigal
* Motet
* Organum
* Planctus

* Renaissance music →

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* e

Lists of classical composers
by era and century

|  Medieval|  (500–1400)

|

Renaissance|  (1400–1600)
Baroque|  (1600–1760)
Classical|  (1730–1820)
Romantic|  (1815–1910)
Modernist|  (1890–1950)
Postmodernist|  (since 1930)
20th century|  (1901–1999)
21st century|  (since 2000)

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* e

Medieval music generally refers the music of Western Europe during the Middle Ages, from approximately the 6th to 15th centuries.[1] The first and longest major era of Western classical music, medieval music includes composers of a variety of styles, often centered around a particular nationality or composition school. The lives of most medieval composers are generally little known, and some are so obscure that the only information available is what can be inferred from the contents and circumstances of their surviving music.[2][n 1]

Composers of the Early Middle Ages (500–1000) almost exclusively concerned themselves with sacred music, writing in forms such as antiphons, hymns, masses, offices, sequences and tropes. Most composers were anonymous and the few whose names are known were monks or clergy. Of the known composers, the most significant are those from the Abbey of Saint Gall school, particularly Notker the Stammerer (Notker Balbulus); the Saint Martial school and its most prominent member, Adémar de Chabannes; and Wipo of Burgundy, to whom the well-known sequence "Victimae paschali laudes" is usually attributed.

In the High Middle Ages (1000–1250) sequences reached their peak with Adam of Saint Victor. By the late 11th century, the poet-composer troubadours of southern France became the first proponents of secular music to use musical notation;[n 2] equivalent movements arose in the mid-12th century, with the Minnesang in Germany, trovadorismo in Galicia and Portugal, and the trouvères in northern France.[n 3] Principal exponents of these traditions include troubadours Arnaut Daniel, Bertran de Born, Bernart de Ventadorn, William IX, Duke of Aquitaine; Minnesänger Gottfried von Strassburg, Hartmann von Aue, Reinmar von Hagenau and Walther von der Vogelweide; and trouvère Adam de la Halle, Blondel de Nesle and Chrétien de Troyes. Simultaneous with the spur of secular activity, Léonin and Pérotin of the religious Notre-Dame school (part of the broader Ars antiqua) developed polyphony in forms such as the clausula, conductus and organum. The nun Hildegard of Bingen was also a prolific sacred composer of this time.

During the Late Middle Ages (1250–1500) the age of secular national schools gradually faded away, in part due to the Albigensian Crusade. In France, the troubadours, trouvère and ars antiqua music was succeeded by the ars nova led by Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. The music of the Trecento in Italy led by Francesco Landini is sometimes considered part of the ars nova style, but by the mid-14th century the movements had become too independent to warrant such a grouping. Part of this divergence was from the death of Machaut, where—after a brief continuance of the Ars nova style through the post-Machaut generation of F. Andrieu, Grimace, Jehan Vaillant and P. des Molins—there was a new rhythmically-complex style now known as ars subtilior. The major figures of ars subtilior included both composers from France and Italy; particularly Johannes Ciconia and Solage.

## Medieval composers

[edit]

For Byzantine composers of the same period, see List of Byzantine composers.

See also: List of medieval music theorists

Medieval composers  Name  | Lifetime  | Nationality  | Musical school  | Surviving works  | Ref(s)

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The Western Roman Empire falls in 476, ushering in the Middle Ages

### (5th century) Early Middle Ages

[edit]

| High ↓
Notker the Stammerer
(Notker Balbulus) | c. 840 – 912  | Frankish?  | Abbey of Saint Gall | Three liturgical sequences, attribution not firm  | [5][6][7][8][9]
Tuotilo | c. 850 – 915  | Frankish  | Abbey of Saint Gall | Five works  | [10][11]
Stephen of Liège | c. 850 – 920  | Belgian  | –  | Three works  | [12]
Hucbald | c. 850 – 930  | Frankish  | –  | Five works, none survive  | [13][14][15]
Odo of Cluny | c. 878 – 942  | French  | –  | 15 works
3 hymns and 12 antiphons (?)  | [16][17]
Heriger of Lobbes
(Herigerus) | c. 925 – 1007  | Belgian  | –  | Four works, none survive  | [18]
Odo of Arezzo
(Abbot Oddo) | 10th century – 11th century  | Italian  | –  | 4 works
antiphons from a tonary | [19]
Fulbert of Chartres | c. 960 – 1028  | French  | –  | Three chants  | [20]
William of Volpiano
(William of Dijon, William of Saint Benignus) | 962 – 1031  | Italian  | –  | One work?
Office of St Benignus | [21]
Notker Physicus
(Notker II) | d. 975  | Frankish  | Abbey of Saint Gall | Three works  | [22]
Adémar de Chabannes | c. 988/9 – 1034  | French  | Saint Martial school | Two works (?)
One office and mass | [23]
Wulfstan the Cantor
(Wulfstan of Winchester) | fl. 992–6 | English  | –  | Seven works; All uncertain attributions  | [24]
Wipo of Burgundy | c. 995 – c. 1050 | Frankish? (Arles/
Burgundy)  | –  | Victimae paschali laudes, attribution uncertain  | [25]

### (1000) High Middle Ages

[edit]

| Early ↑ | Late ↓
Arnold of Saint Emmeram | c. 1000 – 1050  | Benedictine  | Saint Emmeram's Abbey | 60 works; over 40 antiphons and 20 responsories  | [26]
Otloh of Sankt Emmeram | c. 1010–1070 | Benedictine  | Saint Emmeram's Abbey | Exultemus in ista fratres, Kyrie O pater immense and chants  | [27]
Hermann of Reichenau
Hermannus Contractus | 1013–1054  | German  | –  | Two works  | [28]
Berno of Reichenau | before 1014 – 1048  | German?  | –  | Two works, attribution uncertain  | [29]
The East–West Schism in 1054 separates the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
Godric | c. 1069 – 1170  | English  | –  | Three songs  | [30][31]
Adam of Saint Victor | c. 1068 – 1146  | French  | –  | Four works  | [32][33]
William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
(Guilhem de Peitieus;
Guillaume d'Aquitaine)  | 1071–1126  | Occitan  | Troubadour | One work; 11 poems total  | [34]
Peter Abelard | 1079–1142  | French  | –  | Various chants, a hymn, three sequences and seven laments[35] | [36]
Uodalscalc of Maisach | died in 1149 or 1151  | German  | –  | Offices for St Ulrich and for St Conrad  | [37][38]
Hildegard of Bingen | 1098–1179  | German  | –  | 72 works  | [39][40]
Jerusalem falls in 1099, during the First Crusade
Jaufre Rudel | fl. 1120–47 | Occitan  | Troubadour | Four works; six poems total  | [41]
Marcabru | fl. c. 1129–c1150 | Occitan  | Troubadour | Four works; 42 poems total  | [42]
Archpoet
(Archipoeta) | c. 1130 – c. 1165 | Western European
probably French or German  | Goliard | 10 medieval Latin poems  | [43]
Bernart de Ventadorn | c. 1130–1140 – c. 1190–1200 | Occitan  | Troubadour | 19 (1 fragmentary) works; 45 poems total  | [44]
Giraut de Bornelh | c. 1140 – c. 1200 | Occitan  | Troubadour | Four works; 77 poems total  | [45]
Heinrich von Veldeke | 1140–1150 – c. 1190 | German  | Minnesänger | No surviving works; 61 poems total  | [46]
"Vidame de Chartres"
(probably Guillaume de Ferrières)  | c. 1145–1155 – 1204  | French  | Trouvère | Six (nine?) works  | [47]
Albertus Parisiensis | fl. 1146–1177 | French  | –  | Congaudeant catholici | [48]
Peire d'Alvernha | fl. 1149–70 | Occitan  | Troubadour | Two works; 24 poems total  | [49]
Dietmar von Aist | fl. 2nd half of the 12th century | German  | Minnesänger | No surviving music  | [50]
Friedrich von Hûsen
(Friedrich von Hausen) | c. 1150 – 1190  | German  | Minnesänger | No music survives; 53 strophes  | [51]
Rudolf von Neuenburg | c. 1150 – 30 August 1196  | Swiss  | Minnesänger |  | [52]
Léonin | fl. 1150s – c. 1201 | French  | Notre-Dame school (Ars antiqua)  |  | [53]
Bertran de Born | 1150 – before 1215  | Occitan  | Troubadour | 1 work; 40 poems total  | [54]
Gaucelm Faidit | c. 1150 – c. 1220 | Occitan  | Troubadour | 14 works; 68 poems total  | [55]
Arnaut Daniel | c. 1150–60 – c. 1200 | Occitan  | Troubadour | Two works; 18 poems total  | [56]
Raimbaut de Vaqueiras | c. 1150–60 – 1207  | Occitan  | Troubadour | Seven works; 35 poems total  | [57]
Folquet de Marselha
(Folquet de Marseille)  | c. 1150–60 – 1231  | Occitan  | Troubadour | 13 works; 29 poems total  | [58]
Chrétien de Troyes | fl. c. 1160 – 1191 | French  | Trouvère |  | [59]
Conon de Béthune | c. 1160 – 1219 /20  | French  | Trouvère | Seven works; eight poems total  | [60]
Der von Kürenberg | fl. 1160 | German  | Minnesänger |  | [61]
Hartmann von Aue | c. 1160–1165 – after 1210  | German  | Minnesänger |  | [62]
Gace Brule | c. 1160 – after 1213  | French  | Trouvère |  | [63]
Peirol | c. 1160 – after 1221  | Occitan  | Troubadour | 17 works; 34 poems total  | [64]
Philippe le Chancelier | c. 1160 – 1236  | French  | Notre-Dame school (Ars antiqua)  |  | [65]
Raimbaut d'Aurenga | fl. 1162–73 | Occitan  | Troubadour |  | [66]
Chastelain de Couci | c. 1165 – 1203  | French  | Trouvère | –  | [67]
Gautier de Dargies | c. 1165 – after 1236  | French  | Trouvère |  | [68]
Arnaut de Mareuil | fl. c. 1170–1200 | Occitan  | Troubadour |  | [69]
Walther von der Vogelweide | c. 1170 – c. 1230 | German  | Minnesänger |  | [70]
Aimeric de Peguilhan | c. 1175 – c. 1230 | Occitan  | Troubadour | Six works; 50 poems total  | [71]
Gautier de Coincy | 1177/8 – 1236  | French  | Trouvère | Eight surviving poems with music  | [72]
Blondel de Nesle | fl. 1180–1200 | French  | Trouvère |  | [73]
Peire Cardenal | 1180–1278  | Occitan  | Troubadour | Three works; 90 poems total  | [74]
Peire Vidal | fl. c. 1183 – c. 1205 | Occitan  | Troubadour | 12 works; 50 poems total  | [75]
Raimon de Miraval | fl. 1185–1229 | Occitan  | Troubadour | 22 works; 48 poems total  | [76]
Reinmar von Hagenau
(Reinmar der Alte)  | fl. 1185–1205 – c. 1205 | German  | Minnesänger |  | [77]
Audefroi le Bastart | fl. 1190–1230 | French  | Trouvère |  | [78]
Comtessa de Dia
(Beatriz de Dia)  | fl. late 12th/early 13th century | Occitan  | Trobairitz |  | [79]
Neidhart von Reuental | c. 1190 – after 1236  | German  | Minnesänger |  | [80]
Guillaume le Vinier | c. 1190 – 1245  | French  | Trouvère |  | [81]
Pérotin
(Perotinus)  | fl. c. 1200 | French  | Notre-Dame school (Ars antiqua)  |  | [82]
Albrecht von Johansdorf | c. 1180 – c. 1209  | German  | Minnesänger |  | [83]
Colin Muset | fl. 1200–50 | French  | Trouvère | 12 works; seven with surviving music  | [84]
Jehan Erart | 1200–10 – 1258/9  | French  | Trouvère |  | [85]
Reinmar von Zweter | c. 1200 – c. 1260 | German  | Minnesänger | –  | [86]
Wincenty of Kielcza | c. 1200 – after 1262  | Polish  | –  |  | [87]
Castelloza | fl. early 13th century | Occitan  | Trobairitz | No surviving music; three poems  | [88]
Jehan Bretel | c. 1210 – 1272  | French  | Trouvère |  | [89]
Raoul de Soissons | 1210–1215 – 1270  | French  | Trouvère |  | [90]
Moniot d'Arras | fl. 1213–39 | French  | Trouvère |  | [91]
Guiot de Dijon | fl. 1215–25 | French  | Trouvère | Four works; 17 poems total  | [92]
Gontier de Soignies | fl. before 1220 | French  | Trouvère |  | [93]
Heinrich von Morungen | d. 1222  | German  | Minnesänger | 33 Minnelieder survive, only one with melody.  | [94]
Sordello | c. 1200 — before 1269  | Italian  | Troubadour |  | [95][96]
Gautier d'Épinal | before 1220 – before 1272  | French  | Trouvère |  | [97]
Konrad von Würzburg | c. 1230 – 1287  | German  | Minnesänger | 23 songs  | [98]
Guiraut Riquier | c. 1230 – c. 1300 | Occitan  | Troubadour | 48 works; 49 poems total  | [99]
Martin Codax | fl. c. 1240–70 | Galician  | Galician-Portuguese lyric | Six songs; one know to be lost  | [100]
Adam de la Halle | 1245–50 – 1285–8/after 1306  | French  | Trouvère | 78 works  | [101]

### (1250) Late Middle Ages

[edit]

| High ↑
Tannhäuser | fl. mid 13th-century | German  | Minnesänger |  | [102]
Cerverí de Girona | fl. 1259–1285 | Catalan  | Troubadour | No music survives; 114 lyric poems  | [103]
Heinrich Frauenlob | c. 1260 – 29 November 1318  | German  | Minnesänger |  | [104]
Der wilde Alexander
(Meister Alexander) | fl. mid to late 13th-century | German  | Minnesänger | 27 works; 24 Spruch strophes, two Minnelieder and one Leich  | [105]
Petrus de Cruce | fl. c. 1290 | French  | Ars antiqua |  | [106]
W. de Wycombe | fl. late 13th century | English  | –  |  | [107]
Philippe de Vitry | 1291–1361  | French  | Ars nova | 13 works at least | [108]
Casella | died before 1300  | Italian  | –  | No surviving works  | [109]
Jehan de Lescurel | fl. early 14th century | French  | Ars nova | 34 works; all monophonic except one  | [110]
Guillaume de Machaut | c. 1300 – 1377  | French  | Ars nova | 143 works | [111]
Marchetto da Padova | fl. 1305–19 | Italian  | Trecento | –  | [112]
Gherardello da Firenze | c. 1320–1325 – 1362/1363  | Italian  | Trecento | 18 works  | [113]
Francesco Landini | c. 1325 – 1397  | Italian  | Trecento |  | [114]
Lorenzo da Firenze | c. 1325 – 1372/1373  | Italian  | Trecento | 21 works  | [115]
The Hundred Years' War conflict between England and France begins in 1337
Johannes Alanus | fl. late 14th century or early 15th | English  | English ars nova | Sub Arturo plebs, and maybe four others  | [116]
Maestro Piero | fl. 1340–1350 | Italian  | Trecento | Eight works  | [117]
Giovanni da Cascia |  fl. 1340–1350 | Italian  | Trecento | 19 works  | [118]
Jacopo da Bologna | fl. 1340–1386 | Italian  | Trecento | 34 works  | [119]
Vincenzo da Rimini | fl. 1350 fl. mid-14th century | Italian  | Trecento | Four madrigals and two Cacce  | [120]
Bartolino da Padova |  fl. c. 1365 – after 1405 | Italian  | Trecento |  | [121]
Matheus de Sancto Johanne
(Mayshuet de Joan)  |  died 1391  | French  | Ars subtilior |  | [122]
Donato da Cascia |  fl. 2nd half of the fourteenth century | Italian  | Trecento |  | [123]
Magister Franciscus[n 4] | fl. 1370–80 | French  | Ars nova?  | Two works; both three part ballades | [124]
Philippus de Caserta |  fl. c. 1370 | Italian?  | Ars subtilior | 6 ballades | [125]
Mönch von Salzburg
(Monk of Salzburg) |  fl. Late 14th century | German  | –  |  | [126]
F. Andrieu[n 4] | fl. c. 1377 – c. 1400 | French  | Ars nova | One work; a ballade for Machaut's death  | [127]
Johannes Symonis Hasprois | fl. 1378–1428 | French  | Ars subtilior |  | [128]
Petrus de Goscalch |  fl. c. 1385–1395 | French?  | Ars subtilior |  | [129]
P. des Molins | fl. mid 14th century | French  | Ars nova | Two works; among the most popular pieces of their time  | [130]
Niccolò da Perugia |  2nd half of the 14th century  | Italian  | Trecento |  | [131]
Jehan Suzay |  fl. c. 1380 | French  | Ars subtilior |  | [132]
Trebor |  fl. c. 1380 – c. 1400 | French  | Ars subtilior |  | [133]
Jan of Jenštejn | 1348 – 1400  | Bohemian  | –  | 40 works  | [134]
Antonio Zacara da Teramo | c. 1350–1360 — after 1413  | Italian  | Trecento | Very prolific in a variety of genres  | [135]
Andrea da Firenze |  fl. c. 1375 – c. 1415 | Italian  | Trecento | –  | [136]
Paolo da Firenze | c. 1355 – 1436  | Italian  | Trecento | Possibly up to 61 works  | [137]
Hugo von Montfort | 1357 – 1423  | German  | Minnesänger |  | [138]
Grazioso da Padova | fl. 2nd half of the 14th century | Italian  | Trecento | Mass movements, ballata  | [139]
Jehan Vaillant | fl. 1360–1390 | French  | Ars nova | Five (six?) works | [140]
Giovanni Mazzuoli | c. 1360 – 1426  | Italian  | Trecento | Ballata  | [141]
Solage | fl. late 14th century | French  | Ars subtilior |  | [142][96]
Jacob Senleches |  fl. 1382–1383 | French  | Ars subtilior |  | [143]
Borlet[n 5] | fl. c. 1397? – after 1409 | French  | Ars subtilior | One work; a four-voice virelai | [144]
Johannes Ciconia | c. 1370 – 1412  | Franco-Flemish  | Trecento
Ars subtilior |  | [145]
Leonel Power | c. 1370–1385 – 1445  | English  | Old Hall Manuscript | Mass movements and other Latin settings  | [146]
Johannes Tapissier | c. 1370 – before 1410  | French  | Burgundian School | Mass movements, motet  | [147]
Johannes Cuvelier | fl. c. 1372 – after 1387 | French  | Ars subtilior | Four works  | [148]
Guido | fl. c. 1372 – 1374 | French  | Ars subtilior | Three works in the Chantilly Codex | [149]
Grimace | fl. mid-to-late 14th century | French  | Ars nova | Five (Seven?) Works | [150]
Antonello da Caserta | fl. Late 14th century | Italian  | Trecento | Ballades, Rondeaux, Virelai, Ballatas  | [151]
Nicolas Grenon | c. 1375 – 1456  | French  | Burgundian School |  | [152]
Oswald von Wolkenstein | c. 1376 – 1445  | German  |  | Lieder  | [153]
Pierre Fontaine | c. 1380–1450 | French  |  | Ballades, Rondeaux  | [154]
John Dunstaple
(John Dunstable)  | c. 1390 – 1453  | English  | Contenance angloise | Mass movements and isorhythmic motets  | [155]
Martinus Fabri |  died in 1400  | North Netherlandish  |  |  | [156]
Aleyn | fl. c. 1400 | English  | Old Hall Manuscript | Mass movements  | [157]
Egardus | fl. 1400 | Flemish  | Ars subtilior | 3 works  | [158]
Queldryk | fl. c. 1400 | English  | Old Hall Manuscript | Mass movements  | [159]
Andrea Stefani  | fl. c. 1400 | Italian  | Trecento | Ballate  | [160]
Thomas Fabri | fl. 1400–1415 | Franco-Flemish  |  |  | [161]
Matteo da Perugia | fl. 1400–1416 | Italian  | Trecento |  | [162]
Baude Cordier | fl. early 15th century | French  | Ars subtilior |  | [163]
Nicolaus Ricci de Nucella Campli | fl. 1401–1436 | Italian  | Trecento | Ballata  | [164]
Bartolomeo da Bologna | fl. c. 1405–1427 | Italian  | Trecento | Mass movements, ballate  | [165]
Jacobus Vide | fl. 1405–1433? | Franco-Flemish  |  |  | [166]
Johannes Cesaris | fl. 1406–1417 | French  |  | Motet, ballades, rondeaux  | [167]
Conradus de Pistoria | fl. Early 15th century | Italian  | Ars subtilior | Ballades  | [168]
Roy Henry | fl. c. 1410 | English  | Old Hall Manuscript | Mass movements  | [169]
Pycard | fl. 1410 | English  | Old Hall Manuscript | Mass movements  | [170]
Byttering | fl. c. 1410–1420 | English  | Old Hall Manuscript | Mass movements  | [171]
Antonio da Cividale | fl. 1410–1421 | Italian  | Trecento | Mass movements, motets, ballades, rondeaux, virelais  | [172]
Richard Loqueville | died 1418  | French  |  | Mass movements, ballades, rondeaux  | [173]
Estienne Grossin | fl. 1418–1421 | French  |  | Numerous mass movements  | [174]
Hugo de Lantins | fl. 1420–1430 | Flemish  |  | Mass movements, motets, rondeaux  | [175]
Arnold de Lantins | died before 1432  | Flemish  |  | Mass movements, ballades, rondeaux  | [176]
Jefimija | 1349 – 1405  | Serbian  |  | Composed tuzhbalice (laments)  |

For later composers see the List of Renaissance composers

## References

[edit]

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Adémar de Chabannes and Guillaume de Machaut are among the few medieval composers whose lives are substantially documented.[2]
2. ^ For a complete list see List of troubadours and trobairitz. As to not overwhelm this list with Troubadours, only those that Grove Music Online designates as the "principal troubadours" are included: Aimeric de Peguilhan, Arnaut Daniel, Arnaut de Mareuil, Bernart de Ventadorn, Bertran de Born, Cerveri de Girona, Folquet de Marselha, Gaucelm Faidit, Giraut de Bornelh, Guiraut Riquier, Jaufre Rudel, Marcabru, Peire d'Alvernhe, Peire Cardenal, Peire Vidal, Peirol, Raimbaut d'Aurenga, Raimbaut de Vaqeiras, Raimon de Miraval, Sordello and William IX, Duke of Aquitaine. In addition, for Trobaritzs, only what Grove identifies as "the most celebrated figures", are listed: Comtessa de Dia and Castelloza.[3]
3. ^ For a complete list see Trouvère#List of trouvères. As to not overwhelm this list with Trouvère, only those that Grove Music Online designates as "important trouvères" are listed.[4]
4. ^ a b F. Andrieu and Magister Franciscus may be the same person; scholars identify them as the person with varying degrees of certainty:
* Reaney 2001a: Their works being from the same manuscript "suggest that the two composers may be the same person".
* Abraham & Hughes 1960, p. 27 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAbrahamHughes1960 (help): "Franciscus is doubtless the same man as the F. Andrieu..."
* Reaney 1954, p. 67: "It would not be impossible for Magister Franciscus and F. Andrieu to be one and the same person"
* Günther 2001a: "[Magister Franciscus] may be the F. Andrieu..."
* Strohm 2005, p. 53: "[F. Andrieu] may be the same man as Magister Franciscus"
* Magnan 1993, p. 49: "[On the identification between Andrieu and Franciscus] this tenuous identification leads nowhere."
5. ^ He may be the same person as Trebor

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ Wolinski & Borders 2020, § "Introduction".
2. ^ a b Grier 2006, p. 1.
3. ^ Stevens 2001a
4. ^ Stevens 2001b
5. ^ Hiley, David (2001). "Notker". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20128. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 September 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
6. ^ Yudkin 1989, p. 221.
7. ^ Hoppin 1978, p. 155.
8. ^ Reese 1940, pp. 129, 187–188.
9. ^ Roche & Roche 1981, p. 136.
10. ^ Planchart, Alejandro Enrique (2001). "Tuotilo". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.28589. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 September 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
11. ^ Reese 1940, p. 185.
12. ^ Huglo, Michel (2001). "Stephen of Liège". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26706. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 September 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
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110. ^ Arlt, Wulf [in German] (2001). "Jehannot de l'Escurel". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14242. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 10 October 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
111. ^ Arlt, Wulf [in German] (2001). "Machaut [Machau, Machault], Guillaume de". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.51865. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 10 October 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
112. ^ Herlinger, Jan (2001). "Marchetto da Padova". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.17738. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 2 December 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
113. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Gherardello da Firenze". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11019. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 31 October 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
114. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Landini, Francesco". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15942. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 19 February 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
115. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Lorenzo da Firenze". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.16998. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 31 October 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
116. ^ Fallows, David (2001). "Alanus, Johannes". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00402. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
117. ^ Fischer, Kurt von (2001). "Piero". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21713. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 31 October 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
118. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Giovanni da Cascia". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11183. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 19 February 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
119. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Jacopo da Bologna". In d’Agostino, Gianluca (ed.). Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14068. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 31 October 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
120. ^ Fischer, Kurt von (2001). "Vincenzo da Rimini". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29421. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 8 May 2022. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
121. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Bartolino da Padova". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02168. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 31 October 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
122. ^ Wathey, Andrew (2001). "Matheus de Sancto Johanne". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.18061. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 31 October 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
123. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Donato da Cascia". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.07991. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 31 October 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
124. ^ Günther, Ursula (2001a). "Franciscus, Magister". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.10117. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
125. ^ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Caserta, Philippus de". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.43682. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
126. ^ Spechtler, Franz Viktor (2001). "Lorenzo da Firenze". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.18966. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 31 October 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
127. ^ Reaney, Gilbert (2001a). "Andrieu, F.". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00904. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
128. ^ Günther, Ursula (2001). "Hasprois [Asproys, de Haspre, de Haspra, de Aspre, Haprose], Johannes Symonis". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12511. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
129. ^ Günther, Ursula (2001). "Goscalch". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11496. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
130. ^ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Molins, P(ierre) des". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.18887. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 10 October 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
131. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Niccolò da Perugia". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.19860. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 November 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
132. ^ Günther, Ursula (2001). "Susay [Suzoy], Jo(hannes)". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27147. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 November 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
133. ^ Plumley, Yolanda (2001). "Trebor". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.28294. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 November 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
134. ^ Vlhová-Wörner, Hana (2018). "Jan z Jenštejna". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/omo/9781561592630.013.3000000143. ISBN 9781561592630. Retrieved 1 November 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
135. ^ Fallows, David (2012) [2001]. "Zacara da Teramo, Antonio". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.30762. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 11 May 2022. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
136. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Andreas de Florentia". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00884. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 November 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
137. ^ Fallows, David (2001). "Paolo [di Marco] da Firenze". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20842. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 11 May 2022. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
138. ^ Kippenberg, Burkhard (2001). "Hugo [Haug, Hugg] von Montfort". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13523. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 20 May 2022. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
139. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Grazioso da Padova". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11680. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
140. ^ Günther, Ursula (2001). "Vaillant, Jehan". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.28894. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 10 October 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
141. ^ D'Accone, Frank (2001). "Mazzuoli, Giovanni [Giovanni degli Organi]". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40516. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
142. ^ Plumley, Yolanda (2009) [2001]. "Solage". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26126. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 28 July 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
143. ^ Günther, Ursula (2001). "Senleches, Jaquemin de". Grove Music Online. Revised by Maricarmen Gómez [es]. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14040. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
144. ^ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Borlet". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03608. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 14 November 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
145. ^ Bent, Margaret; Fallows, David; Giuliano Di Bacco; Nádas, John (2009) [2001]. "Ciconia, Johannes". In Nádas, John; Bent, Margaret; Fallows, David (eds.). Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40689. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
146. ^ Bent, Margaret (2001). "Power, Leonel". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.22217. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
147. ^ Wright, Craig (2001). "Tapissier, Johannes". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27495. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
148. ^ Günther, Ursula (2001). "Cuvelier, Jo(hannes)". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.06990. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 14 November 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
149. ^ Ursula Günther (2001). "Guido". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11961.
150. ^ Günther, Ursula (2001). "Grimace". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11784. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 10 October 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
151. ^ Günther, Ursula (2001). "Antonello [Anthonello, Anthonellus, (An)tonelus] da Caserta". Grove Music Online. Revised by Anne Stone. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.43672. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
152. ^ Wright, Craig (2001). "Grenon, Nicolas". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11744. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
153. ^ Welker, Lorenz (2001). "Oswald von Wolkenstein". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20555. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
154. ^ Wright, Craig (2001). "Fontaine, Pierre". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.09944. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
155. ^ Bent, Margaret (2001). "Dunstaple [Dunstable, Dunstapell, Dumstable, Donstaple, etc.], John". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08331. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 8 May 2021. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
156. ^ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Fabri, Martinus". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.09181. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
157. ^ Bent, Margaret (2001). "Aleyn". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00546. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
158. ^ Nosow, Robert (2001). "Egardus". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08599. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
159. ^ Bent, Margaret (2001). "Queldryk". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.22679. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
160. ^ von Fischer, Kurt (2001). "Stefani, Andrea". Grove Music Online. Revised by Gianluca D'Agostino. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26598. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
161. ^ Wright, Craig (2001). "Fabri, Thomas". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.09185. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
162. ^ Günther, Ursula; Stone, Anne (2001). "Matteo da Perugia". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.18089. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
163. ^ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Cordier, Baude". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.06474. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 8 May 2022. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
164. ^ Giuliano Di Bacco; Nádas, John (2001). "Nucella". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20163. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
165. ^ Schoop, Hans (2001). "Bartolomeo da Bologna". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02170. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
166. ^ Wright, Craig (2001). "Vide, Jacobus". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29312. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
167. ^ Ward, Tom R. (2001). "Cesaris, Johannes". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05327. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
168. ^ Günther, Ursula (2001). "Conradus de Pistoria". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.06304. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
169. ^ Bent, Margaret (2001). "Roy Henry". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.24019. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
170. ^ Bent, Margaret (2001). "(1) Pycard [Picart]". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21660. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
171. ^ Bent, Margaret (2001). "Byttering". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04493. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
172. ^ Schoop, Hans (2014) [2001]. "Antonius de Civitate Austrie". Grove Music Online. Revised by Robert Nosow. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01061. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
173. ^ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Loqueville, Richard". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.16976. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 3 December 2020. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
174. ^ Wright, Craig (2001). "Grossin [Grossim], Estienn". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11829. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
175. ^ Schoop, Hans (2009) [2001]. "(5) Hugo [Hugho, Ugho, Ugo] de Lantins [Lantinis, Latinis]". Grove Music Online. Revised by J. Michael Allsen. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.16002. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
176. ^ Schoop, Hans (2009) [2001]. "(4) Arnold [Arnoldo, Arnoldus] de Lantins [Lantinis, Latinis]". Grove Music Online. Revised by J. Michael Allsen. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.16002. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)

### Sources

[edit]

* Abraham, Gerald; Hughes, Dom Anselm, eds. (1991) [1960]. Ars Nova and the Renaissance 1300–1540. The New Oxford History of Music. Vol. III. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-316303-4.
* Fassler, Margot (2014). Frisch, Walter (ed.). Music in the Medieval West. Western Music in Context: A Norton History (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-92915-7.
* Grier, James (2006). The Musical World of a Medieval Monk: Adémar de Chabannes in Eleventh-century Aquitaine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511481802. ISBN 978-0-521-85628-7.
* Hoppin, Richard (1978). Medieval Music. The Norton Introduction to Music History (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-09090-1.
* Magnan, Robert (1993). "Eustache Deschamps and his Double: Musique naturele and musique artificiele". Ars Lyrica. 7. New Haven: Brepols: 47–64\. eISSN 2507-0398. ISSN 1043-3848.
* Roche, Jerome; Roche, Elizabeth, eds. (1981). A Dictionary of Early Music From the Troubadours to Monteverdi. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-520255-7.
* Stevens, John; Butterfield, Ardis; Karp, Theodore (2001). "Troubadours, trouvères". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.28468. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
* Stevens, John (2001a). "I. Troubadour poetry". In Stevens, Butterfield & Karp (2001).
* —— (2001b). "II. Troubadour poetry". In Stevens, Butterfield & Karp (2001).
* Strohm, Reinhard (2005). The Rise of European Music, 1380-1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61934-9.
* Reaney, Gilbert (1954). "The Manuscript Chantilly, Musée Condé 1047". Musica Disciplina. 8: 59–113\. JSTOR 20531876.
* Reese, Gustave (1940). Music in the Middle Ages: With an Introduction on the Music of Ancient Times. Lanham: W. W. Norton & Company. OCLC 398158.
* Wolinski, Mary; Borders, James (26 February 2020). "Medieval Music". Oxford Bibliographies: Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199757824-0269. ISBN 978-0-19-975782-4. (subscription required)
* Yudkin, Jeremy (1989). Music in Medieval Europe (1st ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-608192-0.

* v
* t
* e

Medieval music

* List of composers
* List of music theorists
* List of musical instruments

Early (before 1150)|

* Abbey of Saint Gall
* Notker the Stammerer
* Tuotilo
* Stephen of Liège
* Hucbald*
* Odo of Cluny*
* Fulbert of Chartres
* Heriger of Lobbes
* Saint Martial school
* Adémar de Chabannes
* Odo of Arezzo*
* Notker Physicus
* St. Godric
* Peter Abelard
* Hildegard of Bingen
* Adam of Saint Victor
* Wulfstan the Cantor?
* Wipo of Burgundy?

High (1150–1300)|

| Ars antiqua|

* Notre-Dame school
* Albertus Parisiensis
* Léonin
* Pérotin
* Philippe le Chancelier
* Petrus de Cruce*

|

Troubadour
& Trobairitz*|

* Aimeric de Peguilhan
* Arnaut Daniel
* Arnaut de Mareuil
* Bernart de Ventadorn
* Bertran de Born
* Castelloza
* Cerverí de Girona
* Comtessa de Dia*
* Folquet de Marselha
* Gaucelm Faidit
* Giraut de Bornelh
* Guiraut Riquier
* Jaufre Rudel
* Marcabru
* Peire d'Alvernha
* Peire Cardenal
* Peire Vidal
* Peirol
* Perdigon
* Raimbaut d'Aurenga
* Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
* Raimon de Miravalh
* Sordello
* William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
* Other troubadours and trobairitz...

|

Trouvère|

* Adam de la Halle
* Andrieu Contredit d'Arras
* Audefroi le Bastart
* Blondel de Nesle
* Le Chastelain de Couci
* Chrétien de Troyes
* Colin Muset
* Conon de Béthune
* Gace Brulé
* Gautier de Coincy
* Gautier de Dargies
* Gautier d'Espinal
* Gillebert de Berneville
* Gontier de Soignies
* Guillaume le Vinier
* Guiot de Dijon
* Jehan Bretel
* Jehan Erart
* Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras
* Moniot d'Arras
* Perrin d'Angicourt
* Philippe de Rémi
* Raoul de Soissons
* Other trouvères...

|

* Casella
* Goliards
* Minnesang
* Galician-Portuguese lyric
* List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours

Late (1300–1400)|

| Ars nova|

* F. Andrieu
* Denis Le Grant
* Magister Franciscus
* Grimace
* Jehan de Lescurel
* Guillaume de Machaut
* P. des Molins
* Jehan Vaillant
* Philippe de Vitry*

|

| Trecento|

| Predecessors|

* Marchetto da Padova

|

1st generation|

* Giovanni da Cascia
* Jacopo da Bologna
* Maestro Piero
* Vincenzo da Rimini

|

2nd generation|

* Andreas de Florentia
* Donato da Cascia
* Francesco Landini
* Gherardello da Firenze
* Lorenzo da Firenze*
* Paolo da Firenze

|

3rd generation|

* Bartolino da Padova
* Antonello da Caserta
* Johannes Ciconia*
* Matteo da Perugia
* Giovanni Mazzuoli
* Grazioso da Padova
* Niccolò da Perugia
* Philippus de Caserta
* Sant Omer
* Zacara da Teramo

|

| Ars subtilior|

* Borlet
* Philippus de Caserta
* Johannes Ciconia*
* Conradus de Pistoria
* Baude Cordier
* Johannes Cuvelier
* Egardus
* Egidius
* Martinus Fabri
* Petrus de Goscalch
* Johannes Symonis Hasprois
* Matheus de Sancto Johanne
* Gacian Reyneau
* Rodericus
* Jacob Senleches
* Solage
* Johannes Susay
* Antonio Zacara da Teramo
* Trebor

|

Others|

* Johannes Alanus
* John Dunstaple
* Contenance angloise
* Thomas Fabri
* Roy Henry
* Arnold de Lantins
* Leonel Power
* W. de Wycombe

|

Theorists|

* Anonymous IV
* Guido of Arezzo
* Franco of Cologne
* Johannes Cotto
* Johannes de Garlandia
* Johannes de Grocheio
* Iacobus de Ispania
* Notker Labeo
* Johannes de Muris
* Walter Odington
* Berno of Reichenau
* Aurelian of Réôme

Musical forms|

* Antiphon
* Canso
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Traditions|

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Derivations|

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Background|

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* Also music theorist*

Renaissance music →

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Portals:

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*[fl.]: floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)