List of metropolitan areas in Europe

This is a list of metropolitan areas. For a list of urban areas, see List of urban areas in Europe. For a list of cities proper, see List of European cities by population within city limits. For a list of European cities by country, see List of cities in Europe.

This article is missing information about smaller metropolitan areas defined by OECD and Eurostat. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (April 2023)

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Moscow, the capital of Russia, has the most populous metropolitan area in Europe.

Europe and some parts of Africa and Asia by night. Lights reveal the urbanized areas of Europe. It also shows the Blue Banana megalopolis from north-west England to northern Italy, and the Golden Banana urbanized area between Genoa and Valencia.

This list ranks metropolitan areas in Europe by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.

## Sources

[edit]

List includes metropolitan areas according only to the studies of ESPON, Eurostat, and OECD. For European countries not covered by the three institutions, City Population is used as the population count source for the purpose of assessing the inclusion criteria. For this reason some metropolitan areas, like the Italian Genoa Metropolitan Area (with a population of 1,510,781 as of 2010[1]) or the Ukrainian Kryvyi Rih metropolitan area (with a population of 1,170,953 as of 2019[2]), are not included in this list, with data by other statistic survey institutes.

Figures in the first three columns correspond to Functional urban areas (FUA). The concept of a functional urban area defines a metropolitan area as a core urban area defined morphologically on the basis of population density, plus the surrounding labour pool defined on the basis of commuting. Figures in the first two columns use a harmonised definition of a Functional urban area developed jointly in 2011, with delimitation basing on the DEGURBA method.[3][4]

Figures in the fourth column come from City Population and correspond to variously defined urban agglomerations.

Further information on how the areas are defined can be found in the source documents. These figures should be seen as an interpretation, not as conclusive fact.

## Metropolitan areas

[edit]

This section has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)

The inclusion or exclusion of items from this list or length of this list is disputed. Please discuss this issue on the talk page.

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This list has some of the population counts listed as sourced from OECD or ESPON not matching the data in their source. Population counts should be corrected to match the data in their referenced source.

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This list uses City Population as a source for population counts to allow for listing of non-OECD European metropolitan areas, but the figures provided by that source are for urban agglomerations, and not metropolitan areas. Some other reliable source using more comparable definitions should be probably used instead.

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This list mixes wikilinks to cities, greater cities, metropolitan cities, metropolitan areas, metropolitan counties, and metropolitan regions (in their own national definition, not the Eurostat one for which the population is listed) in the first column. All wikilinks should point to an existing or not article (or redirect) of a metropolitan area.

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Areas within the European Union

Metropolitan area name  | Country  | OECD
(2020)[5] | Eurostat[6] | ESPON
(2006)[7] | City Population
(urban agglomerations)
(2024)[8]

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Amsterdam metropolitan area |  Netherlands | 2,890,428 | 2,915,114 (2022) | 2,497,000[a] | 2,525,000
Antwerp |  Belgium | 1,146,565 | 1,157,068 (2021) | 1,406,000[b] | 1,240,000
Athens metropolitan area |  Greece | 3,526,887 | 3,828,434 (2011) | 3,761,000 | 3,575,000
Barcelona metropolitan area |  Spain | 5,105,991 | 5,093,585 (2022) | 4,082,000[c] | 4,875,000
Belgrade |  Serbia | —  | —  | —  | 1,430,000
Berlin metropolitan area |  Germany | 5,342,958 | 4,979,867 (2021) | 4,016,000 | 4,850,000
Bilbao |  Spain | 1,014,366 | 1,041,059 (2022) | 947,000 | <1,000,000
Bordeaux |  France | 1,290,068 | 1,376,375 (2020) | 918,000 | 1,140,000
Greater Bristol |  United Kingdom | 969,256 | 955,541 (2018) | 1,041,000 | <1,000,000
Brussels metropolitan area |  Belgium | 2,500,251 | 3,350,969 (2022) | 2,639,000[b] | 2,750,000
Bucharest metropolitan area |  Romania | 2,219,341 | 2,478,618 (2018) | 2,064,000 | 2,200,000
Budapest metropolitan area |  Hungary | 3,012,001 | 3,001,643 (2022) | 2,523,000 | 2,500,000
Cardiff |  United Kingdom | 928,101 | 915,466 (2018) | 1,097,000 | <1,000,000
Copenhagen metropolitan area |  Denmark | 1,945,157 | 1,928,612 (2013) | 1,881,000[d] | 1,770,000
Donetsk |  Ukraine | —  | —  | —  | 1,410,000[e]
Dnipro |  Ukraine | —  | —  | —  | 1,330,000[f]
Dresden |  Germany | 1,343,747 | 965,353 (2021) | 882,000 | <1,000,000
Dublin Metropolitan Area |  Ireland | 2,110,459 | 1,793,902 (2011) | 1,477,000 | 1,530,000
Metropolitan City of Florence |  Italy | 791,543 | 784,279 (2022) | 645,000[g] | <1,000,000
Frankfurt Rhine-Main |  Germany | 2,729,936 | 2,678,557 (2021) | 2,764,000[h] | 3,300,000
Gdańsk (Tricity)  |  Poland | 1,170,990 | 1,223,884 (2021) | 993,000 | <1,000,000
Greater Glasgow |  United Kingdom | 1,847,200 | 1,830,710 (2018) | 1,395,000 | 1,700,000
Gothenburg |  Sweden | 1,051,345 | 1,021,831 (2018) | 759,000 | <1,000,000
The Hague |  Netherlands | 1,116,798 | 1,132,975 (2021) | 1,404,000[a] | 3,400,000[i]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 3,328,679 | 3,421,692 (2021) | 2,983,000 | 2,925,000
Hannover |  Germany | 1,316,006 | 1,289,320 (2021) | 997,000[j] | 1,150,000
Helsinki Metropolitan Area |  Finland | 1,526,778 | 1,551,959 (2022) | 1,285,000 | 1,530,000
Istanbul[k] |  Turkey | 13,719,061 | 11,044,642 (2004) | —  | 15,900,000
Katowice metropolitan area |  Poland | 2,486,510 | 2,417,386 (2021) | 3,029,000[l] | 2,225,000
Kazan metropolitan area |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 1,590,000
Kharkiv |  Ukraine | —  | —  | —  | 1,600,000[f]
Kyiv metropolitan area |  Ukraine | —  | —  | —  | 3,475,000[f]
Kraków metropolitan area |  Poland | 1,423,235 | 1,489,912 (2021) | 1,236,000 | <1,000,000
Leipzig |  Germany | 1,049,342 | 956,290 (2021) | 842,000 | <1,000,000
Lille |  France | 1,505,093 | 1,515,061 (2020) | 1,161,000[m] | 1,320,000
Lisbon metropolitan area |  Portugal | 3,035,487 | 3,049,222 (2023) | 2,591,000 | 2,500,000
Łódź metropolitan area |  Poland | 903,719 | 893,083 (2021) | 1,165,000 | <1,000,000
London metropolitan area |  United Kingdom | 12,451,423 | 12,434,823 (2018) | 11,203,000 | 14,900,000
Lyon |  France | 2,129,101 | 2,293,180 (2020) | 1,669,000 | 2,025,000
Madrid metropolitan area |  Spain | 7,005,286 | 6,982,656 (2022) | 5,263,000 | 6,650,000
Málaga-Marbella |  Spain | 1,211,770[n] | 1,230,313[o] (2022) | 775,000[p] | 1,090,000
Greater Manchester |  United Kingdom | 3,399,018 | 3,348,274 (2018) | 2,556,000 | 3,150,000
Mannheim-Ludwigshafen |  Germany | 1,191,766 | 1,318,805 (2021) | 1,136,000[q] | 1,590,000
Marseille |  France | 1,278,124[r] | 1,879,601 (2020) | 1,530,000 | 1,700,000
Merseyside (Liverpool/Birkenhead)  |  United Kingdom | 1,548,752 | 1,533,860 (2018) | 2,241,000 | 1,890,000
Milan metropolitan area |  Italy | 4,985,668 | 4,934,205 (2022) | 4,136,000[s] | 6,100,000[t]
Minsk metropolitan area |  Belarus | —  | —  | —  | 2,100,000
Moscow metropolitan area |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 19,100,000
Munich |  Germany | 2,926,802 | 3,016,834 (2021) | 2,665,000[u] | 2,300,000
Nantes |  France | 1,003,395 | 1,022,775 (2020) | 708,000 | <1,000,000
Naples metropolitan area |  Italy | 3,349,233 | 3,303,711 (2022) | 2,905,000[v] | 4,050,000[w]
Nice |  France | 1,020,879 | 618,489 (2020) | 1,082,000 | <1,000,000
Nizhny Novgorod |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 1,660,000
Nottingham-Derby |  United Kingdom | 935,049[x] | 1,406,315[y] (2018) | 1,534,000 | 1,380,000
Northwest Metropolitan Region (Bremen)  |  Germany | 1,274,429 | 1,046,897 (2021) | 1,077,000 | 1,000,000
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 1,352,002 | 1,181,541 (2021) | 1,443,000 | 1,210,000
Odesa |  Ukraine | —  | —  | —  | 1,100,000[f]
Greater Oslo Region |  Norway | 1,420,926 | 1,278,827 (2013) | 1,037,000 | 1,260,000
Ostrava metropolitan area |  Czech Republic | 709,768 | 695,244 (2022) | 1,046,000[l] | <1,000,000
Palermo metropolitan area |  Italy | 995,821 | 986,721 (2022) | 861,000 | <1,000,000
Paris metropolitan area |  France | 12,997,058 | 13,125,142 (2020) | 11,175,000 | 11,500,000
Perm |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 1,090,000
Porto Metropolitan Area |  Portugal | 1,785,248 | 1,316,989 (2023) | 1,245,000[z] | 1,550,000
Portsmouth-Southampton |  United Kingdom | 695,204[aa] | 1,230,011[ab] (2018) | 1,547,000 | 1,150,000
Poznań metropolitan area |  Poland | 993,656 | 1,051,414 (2021) | 919,000 | <1,000,000
Prague metropolitan area |  Czech Republic | 2,267,817 | 2,216,746 (2022) | 1,669,000 | 1,470,000
Rhein-Nord[ac] (Düsseldorf \- Neuss)  |  Germany | 1,557,269 | 2,247,629[ad] (2021) | 3,073,000[ae][af] | 5,000,000[ag]
Rhein-Süd[ac] (Cologne - Bonn)  |  Germany | 2,004,984 | 3,005,728[ah] (2021) | 3,070,000[af] | 5,000,000[ag]
Riga metropolitan area |  Latvia | 927,924 | 917,351 (2022) | 1,195,000 | <1,000,000
Rome metropolitan area |  Italy | 4,325,591 | 4,291,581 (2022) | 5,190,000 | 3,425,000
Rostov-on-Don |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 1,410,000
Rotterdam |  Netherlands | 1,876,165 | 1,902,704 (2022) | 1,904,000[a] | 3,400,000[i]
Ruhr[ac] |  Germany | 5,115,617 | 5,068,912 (2021) | 5,376,000[ai][af] | 5,650,000
Saarbrücken \- Forbach |  Germany/
France | 797,110 | 522,983[aj] (2021) | 1,102,000 | <1,000,000
Saint Petersburg metropolitan area |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 6,500,000
Samara |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 1,370,000
Saratov |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 1,210,000
Seville |  Spain | 1,558,006 | 1,556,975 (2021) | 1,180,000[ak] | 1,300,000
Sofia |  Bulgaria | 1,551,056 | 1,531,867 (2022) | 1,174,000 | 1,240,000
South Yorkshire (Sheffield-Doncaster)  |  United Kingdom | 1,204,485 | 1,189,393 (2018) | 1,869,000 | 1,540,000
Metropolitan Stockholm |  Sweden | 2,377,081 | 2,308,143 (2018) | 2,171,000 | 2,275,000
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 2,794,283 | 2,531,040 (2021) | 2,289,000 | 2,400,000
Tbilisi[al] |  Georgia | —  | —  | —  | 1,420,000
Thessaloniki metropolitan area |  Greece | 1,049,937 | 973,997 (2011) | 1,052,000 | <1,000,000
Toulouse |  France | 1,445,789 | 1,470,899 (2020) | 832,000 | 1,130,000
Turin metropolitan area |  Italy | 1,728,714 | 1,712,372 (2022) | 1,601,000[am] | 1,580,000
Tyne and Wear (Newcastle-Sunderland)  |  United Kingdom | 1,192,598 | 1,175,274 (2018) | 1,599,000 | 1,470,000
Ufa |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 1,230,000
Utrecht |  Netherlands | 887,420 | 895,000 (2022) | 982,000[a] | <1,000,000
Valencia |  Spain | 1,768,205 | 1,775,845 (2022) | 1,398,000[an] | 1,920,000
Vienna |  Austria | 3,004,660 | —  | 2,584,000 | 2,350,000
Volgograd |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 1,090,000
Voronezh |  Russia | —  | —  | —  | 1,170,000
Warsaw metropolitan area |  Poland | 3,209,784 | 3,374,742 (2021) | 2,785,000 | 2,500,000
West Midlands conurbation (Birmingham)  |  United Kingdom | 3,122,915 | 3,097,965 (2018) | 3,683,000 | 3,250,000
West Yorkshire Built-up Area (Leeds \- Bradford)  |  United Kingdom | 2,655,815 | 2,619,128 (2018) | 2,302,000 | 2,225,000
Yerevan[al] |  Armenia | —  | —  | —  | 1,520,000
Zagreb metropolitan area |  Croatia | 1,219,858 | 1,161,259 (2022) | —  | <1,000,000
Zürich metropolitan area |  Switzerland | 1,401,783 | 1,951,341 (2022) | 1,615,000 | 1,490,000

## Polycentric metropolitan areas in the European Union

[edit]

Rank  | Area  | State  | Population[9]

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1  | Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region |  Germany | 12,190,000
2  | Randstad |  Netherlands | 6,787,000
3  | Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area |  Poland/  Czech Republic | 5,294,000
4  | Flemish Diamond |  Belgium | 5,103,000
5  | Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region |  Austria/  Slovakia | 4,600,000

## See also

[edit]

* List of European cities by population within city limits
* List of urban areas in Europe
* List of European city regions
* Lists of cities in Europe
* List of largest cities in the European Union by population within city limits
* List of urban areas in the European Union
* List of European Union cities proper by population density
* List of metropolitan areas by population for the world
* World's largest cities

### Regional and country-specific lists

[edit]

* Largest metropolitan areas in the Nordic countries
* List of metropolitan areas in Belgium
* List of metropolitan areas in France
* List of metropolitan areas in Germany
* List of metropolitan areas in Italy
* List of metropolitan areas in Poland
* List of metropolitan areas in Romania
* List of metropolitan areas in Spain
* List of metropolitan areas in Sweden
* List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Part of the Randstad polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam (2,497,000), Rotterdam (1,904,000), The Hague (1,404,000), and Utrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 6,787,000.
2. ^ a b The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.
3. ^ Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of Mataro (169,000) is included.
4. ^ Part of the wider Öresund region, which includes the Danish metropolitan area of Copenhagen (1,881,000) and the Swedish metropolitan areas of Malmö (667,000) and Helsingborg (294,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.
5. ^ Probable overestimate
6. ^ a b c d Doesn't consider the impact of the Russian invasion
7. ^ Total population is 1,090,000 if the metropolitan areas of Prato (240,000), Pistoia (114,000), and Empoli (91,000) are included.
8. ^ Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Darmstadt (501,000), Wiesbaden (453,000), and Mainz (431,000).
9. ^ a b Combined total population of Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area.
10. ^ Estmation.
11. ^ 65% of the population lives on the European part
12. ^ a b Part of the polycentric Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area with a total population of 5,294,000. The region includes the metropolitan areas of Katowice (3,029,000) Ostrava (1,046,000), Bielsko-Biała (584,000), Rybnik (526,000) and Racibórz (109,000).
13. ^ Part of the wider Lille-Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.
14. ^ Lists Málaga (877,868) and Marbella (333,902) as two separate metropolitan areas.
15. ^ Lists Málaga (887,146) and Marbella (343,167) as two separate metropolitan areas.
16. ^ Total population is 844,000 if the metropolitan area of Vélez-Málaga (69,000) is included.
17. ^ Lists Mannheim (683,000) and Ludwigshafen (453,000) as two of eight FUAs within the Rhein-Neckar poly-FUA (2,931,000).
18. ^ Does not include Aix-en-Provence, which OECD, unlike INSEE, considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 352,097 in 2020.
19. ^ Part of a wider Milan polycentric metropolitan area with a total population of 6,011,000.
20. ^ Combined total population of Milan and Bergamo metropolitan areas.
21. ^ Total population is 3,271,000 if the metropolitan area of Augsburg (606,000) is included.
22. ^ Part of a wider polycentric metropolitan area with a population of 3,714,000.
23. ^ Combined total population of Naples, Caserta, and Salerno metropolitan areas.
24. ^ Does not include Derby, which OECD considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 495,159 in 2020.
25. ^ Lists Nottingham (919,484) and Derby (486,831) as two separate metropolitan areas.
26. ^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.
27. ^ Does not include Portsmouth, which OECD considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 542,048 in 2020.
28. ^ Lists Portsmouth (542,040) and Southampton (687,971) as two separate metropolitan areas.
29. ^ a b c Polycentric metropolitan area
30. ^ Lists Düsseldorf (1,464,904), Wuppertal (383,594), and Mönchengladbach (399,131) as three separate metropolitan areas.
31. ^ Includes Duisburg metropolitan area of Ruhr.
32. ^ a b c Part of the polycentric urban region of Rhein-Ruhr, which has a total population of 12,190,000.
33. ^ a b Combined total population of Cologne-Bonn and Düsseldorf-Neuss metropolitan areas.
34. ^ Lists Cologne (2,215,509) and Bonn (790,219) as two separate metropolitan areas.
35. ^ Does not include Duisburg metropolitan area.
36. ^ Does not include the French part.
37. ^ Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of Utrera (82,000) is included.
38. ^ a b Continental placement may vary depending on geographic convention being followed.
39. ^ Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan area of Pinerolo (115,000) is included.
40. ^ Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of Sagunto (101,000) is included.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Urbanismi, Cluster urbani e aree metropolitane – volume primo, Italia" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
2. ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2019" (PDF).(in Ukrainian)
3. ^ Lewis Dijkstra, Hugo Poelman (2012-03-01). Cities in Europe - The new OECD-EC definition (PDF) (Report). p. 2. Retrieved 2024-06-08. "Until recently, there was no harmonised definition of 'a city' for European and other countries member of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This undermined the comparability, and thus also the credibility, of cross-country analysis of cities. To resolve this problem, the OECD and the European Commission developed a new definition of a city and its commuting zone in 2011. […] Each city is part of its own commuting zone or a polycentric commuting zone covering multiple cities. These commuting zones are significant, especially for larger cities. The cities and commuting zones together (called Larger Urban Zones) account for 60 % of the EU population."
4. ^ "Territorial typologies manual - cities, commuting zones and functional urban areas". Eurostat. "Within the Urban Audit, (...) functional urban areas were previously referred to as 'larger urban zones'."
5. ^ "OECD Data Explorer - Population by age and sex - Cities and FUAs". OECD. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
6. ^ "Database". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 16 Jun 2024. Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - functional urban areas (urb_lpop1)
7. ^ "Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)]" (PDF). European Spatial Planning Observation Network. March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015., Final Report, Chapter 3
8. ^ Brinkhoff, Thomas (1 January 2024). "Major Agglomerations of The World". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
9. ^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) page 241-243

## External links

[edit]

* Geopolis: research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France - Population of urban areas of 10,000 or more

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