List of metropolitan areas in Europe

This is a list of metropolitan areas. For a list of urban areas, see List of urban areas in Europe. For a list of cities proper, see List of European cities by population within city limits. For a list of European cities by country, see List of cities in Europe.

Moscow, the capital of Russia, has the most populous metropolitan area in Europe. Europe and some parts of Africa and Asia by night. Lights reveal the urbanized areas of Europe. It also shows the Blue Banana megalopolis from north-west England to northern Italy, and the Golden Banana urbanized area between Genoa and Valencia.

This list ranks metropolitan areas in Europe by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.

## Sources

[edit]

List includes metropolitan areas according only to the studies of ESPON, Eurostat, and OECD. For this reason some metropolitan areas, like the Italian Genoa Metropolitan Area (with a population of 1,510,781 as of 2010[1]) or the Ukrainian Kryvyi Rih metropolitan area (with a population of 1,170,953 as of 2019[2]), are not included in this list, with data by other statistic survey institutes.

Population figures correspond to the populations of Functional urban areas (FUA). The concept of a functional urban area defines a metropolitan area as a core urban area defined morphologically on the basis of population density, plus the surrounding labour pool defined on the basis of commuting. Figures in the first two population columns use a harmonised definition of a Functional urban area developed jointly in 2011, with delimitation basing on the DEGURBA method.[3][4]

Further information on how the areas are defined can be found in the source documents. These figures should be seen as an interpretation, not as conclusive fact.

## Metropolitan areas

[edit]

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This list has some of the population counts listed as sourced from ESPON not matching the data in their source. Population counts should be corrected to match the data in their referenced source.

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This list mixes wikilinks to cities, greater cities, metropolitan cities, metropolitan areas, metropolitan counties, and metropolitan regions (in their own national definition, not the Eurostat one for which the population is listed) in the first column. All wikilinks should point to an existing or not article (or redirect) of a metropolitan area.

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Areas within the European Union

Metropolitan area name  | Country  | OECD
(2020)[5] | Eurostat[6] | ESPON
(2006)[7]

|
|
|
|

Amsterdam metropolitan area |  Netherlands | 2,017,935 | 2,915,114 (2022) | 2,497,000[a]
Antwerp |  Belgium | 1,860,869 | 1,157,068 (2021) | 1,406,000[b]
Athens metropolitan area |  Greece | 3,618,860 | 3,828,434 (2011) | 3,761,000
Barcelona metropolitan area |  Spain | 5,345,763 | 5,093,585 (2022) | 4,082,000[c]
Belgrade |  Serbia | 1,612,587 | —  | —
Berlin metropolitan area |  Germany | 4,558,043 | 4,979,867 (2021) | 4,016,000
Bilbao metropolitan area |  Spain | 957,261 | 1,041,059 (2022) | 947,000
Bordeaux |  France | 1,085,823 | 1,376,375 (2020) | 918,000
Greater Bristol |  United Kingdom | 1,274,128 | 955,541 (2018) | 1,041,000
Brussels metropolitan area |  Belgium | 2,338,157 | 3,350,969 (2022) | 2,639,000[b]
Bucharest metropolitan area |  Romania | 2,348,982 | 2,478,618 (2018) | 2,064,000
Budapest metropolitan area |  Hungary | 2,798,396 | 3,001,643 (2022) | 2,523,000
Cardiff |  United Kingdom | 1,165,502 | 915,466 (2018) | 1,097,000
Copenhagen metropolitan area |  Denmark | 2,088,197 | 1,928,612 (2013) | 1,881,000[d]
Dnipro |  Ukraine | 1,014,593 | —  | —
Donetsk |  Ukraine | 1,450,194 | —  | —
Dublin Metropolitan Area |  Ireland | 1,721,812 | 1,793,902 (2011) | 1,477,000
Frankfurt Rhine-Main |  Germany | 3,167,862 | 2,678,557 (2021) | 2,764,000[e]
Gdańsk (Tricity)  |  Poland | 987,006 | 1,223,884 (2021) | 993,000
Greater Glasgow |  United Kingdom | 1,790,499 | 1,830,710 (2018) | 1,395,000
Gothenburg |  Sweden | 941,867 | 1,021,831 (2018) | 759,000
The Hague |  Netherlands | 3,592,389[f] | 1,132,975 (2021) | 1,404,000[a]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 2,763,491 | 3,421,692 (2021) | 2,983,000
Hannover |  Germany | 1,156,114 | 1,289,320 (2021) | 997,000[g]
Helsinki Metropolitan Area |  Finland | 1,439,175 | 1,551,959 (2022) | 1,285,000
Istanbul[h] |  Turkey | 14,693,269 | 11,044,642 (2004) | —
Katowice metropolitan area |  Poland | 2,843,725 | 2,417,386 (2021) | 3,029,000[i]
Kazan metropolitan area |  Russia | 1,341,784 | —  | —
Kharkiv |  Ukraine | 1,713,794 | —  | —
Kraków metropolitan area |  Poland | 1,339,089 | 1,489,912 (2021) | 1,236,000
Kyiv metropolitan area |  Ukraine | 3,545,076 | —  | —
Lille |  France | 1,226,810 | 1,515,061 (2020) | 1,161,000[j]
Lisbon metropolitan area |  Portugal | 2,731,340 | 3,049,222 (2023) | 2,591,000
Łódź metropolitan area |  Poland | 1,041,339 | 893,083 (2021) | 1,165,000
London metropolitan area |  United Kingdom | 13,475,297 | 12,434,823 (2018) | 11,203,000
Lyon |  France | 2,090,206 | 2,293,180 (2020) | 1,669,000
Madrid metropolitan area |  Spain | 6,989,714 | 6,982,656 (2022) | 5,263,000
Málaga-Marbella |  Spain | 1,288,693[k] | 1,230,313[l] (2022) | 775,000[m]
Greater Manchester |  United Kingdom | 3,374,693 | 3,348,274 (2018) | 2,556,000
Mannheim-Ludwigshafen |  Germany | 1,755,988 | 1,318,805 (2021) | 1,136,000[n]
Marseille |  France | 1,322,989[o] | 1,879,601 (2020) | 1,530,000
Liverpool City Region |  United Kingdom | 1,729,058 | 1,533,860 (2018) | 2,241,000
Milan metropolitan area |  Italy | 5,301,987 | 4,934,205 (2022) | 4,136,000[p]
Minsk metropolitan area |  Belarus | 2,173,105 | —  | —
Moscow metropolitan area |  Russia | 17,217,606 | —  | —
Munich |  Germany | 2,618,482 | 3,016,834 (2021) | 2,665,000[q]
Nantes |  France | 946,441 | 1,022,775 (2020) | 708,000
Naples metropolitan area |  Italy | 4,095,364 | 3,303,711 (2022) | 2,905,000[r]
Nice |  France | 1,143,557 | 618,489 (2020) | 1,082,000
Nizhny Novgorod |  Russia | 1,430,212 | —  | —
Nottingham-Derby |  United Kingdom | 1,618,393 | 1,406,315[s] (2018) | 1,534,000
Northwest Metropolitan Region (Bremen)  |  Germany | 912,616 | 1,046,897 (2021) | 1,077,000
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 1,307,726 | 1,181,541 (2021) | 1,443,000
Odesa |  Ukraine | 1,273,381 | —  | —
Greater Oslo Region |  Norway | 1,422,223 | 1,278,827 (2013) | 1,037,000
Ostrava metropolitan area |  Czech Republic | 751,133[t] | 695,244 (2022) | 1,046,000[i]
Paris metropolitan area |  France | 11,249,025 | 13,125,142 (2020) | 11,175,000
Porto Metropolitan Area |  Portugal | 1,651,124 | 1,316,989 (2023) | 1,245,000[u]
Portsmouth-Southampton |  United Kingdom | 1,390,006 | 1,230,011[v] (2018) | 1,547,000
Poznań metropolitan area |  Poland | 975,965 | 1,051,414 (2021) | 919,000
Prague metropolitan area |  Czech Republic | 1,977,776 | 2,216,746 (2022) | 1,669,000
Rhein-Nord[w] (Düsseldorf \- Neuss)  |  Germany | 2,557,228[x] | 2,247,629[y] (2021) | 3,073,000[z][aa]
Rhein-Süd[w] (Cologne - Bonn)  |  Germany | 3,354,797 | 3,005,728[ab] (2021) | 3,070,000[aa]
Riga metropolitan area |  Latvia | 762,194 | 917,351 (2022) | 1,195,000
Rome metropolitan area |  Italy | 3,684,930 | 4,291,581 (2022) | 5,190,000
Rostov-on-Don |  Russia | 1,349,583 | —  | —
Rotterdam |  Netherlands | 3,592,389[f] | 1,902,704 (2022) | 1,904,000[a]
Ruhr[w] |  Germany | 6,108,500 | 5,068,912 (2021) | 5,376,000[ac][aa]
Saarbrücken \- Forbach |  Germany/
France | 582,231[ad] | 522,983[ad] (2021) | 1,102,000
Saint Petersburg metropolitan area |  Russia | 5,518,560 | —  | —
Samara |  Russia | 1,307,406 | —  | —
Saratov |  Russia | 1,097,493 | —  | —
Seville metropolitan area |  Spain | 1,299,106 | 1,556,975 (2021) | 1,180,000[ae]
Sofia |  Bulgaria | 1,488,887 | 1,531,867 (2022) | 1,174,000
South Yorkshire (Sheffield-Doncaster)  |  United Kingdom | 1,166,720 | 1,189,393 (2018) | 1,869,000
Metropolitan Stockholm |  Sweden | 2,241,651 | 2,308,143 (2018) | 2,171,000
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 2,300,011 | 2,531,040 (2021) | 2,289,000
Tbilisi[af] |  Georgia | 1,485,293 | —  | —
Thessaloniki metropolitan area |  Greece | 1,011,795 | 973,997 (2011) | 1,052,000
Toulouse |  France | 1,332,370 | 1,470,899 (2020) | 832,000
Turin metropolitan area |  Italy | 1,828,088 | 1,712,372 (2022) | 1,601,000[ag]
Tyne and Wear (Newcastle-Sunderland)  |  United Kingdom | 1,719,730 | 1,175,274 (2018) | 1,599,000
Ufa |  Russia | 1,149,103 | —  | —
Valencia |  Spain | 1,916,932 | 1,775,845 (2022) | 1,398,000[ah]
Vienna |  Austria | 2,565,196 | —  | 2,584,000
Volgograd |  Russia | 1,402,254 | —  | —
Voronezh |  Russia | 1,127,100 | —  | —
Warsaw metropolitan area |  Poland | 2,975,932 | 3,374,742 (2021) | 2,785,000
West Midlands conurbation (Birmingham)  |  United Kingdom | 3,083,783 | 3,097,965 (2018) | 3,683,000
West Yorkshire Built-up Area (Leeds \- Bradford)  |  United Kingdom | 3,010,473 | 2,619,128 (2018) | 2,302,000
Yerevan[af] |  Armenia | 1,232,670 | —  | —
Zagreb metropolitan area |  Croatia | 1,008,763 | 1,161,259 (2022) | —
Zürich metropolitan area |  Switzerland | 2,124,246 | 1,951,341 (2022) | 1,615,000

## Polycentric metropolitan areas in the European Union

[edit]

Rank  | Area  | State  | Population[8]

|
|
|

1  | Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region |  Germany | 12,190,000
2  | Randstad |  Netherlands | 6,787,000
3  | Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area |  Poland/  Czech Republic | 5,294,000
4  | Flemish Diamond |  Belgium | 5,103,000
5  | Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region |  Austria/  Slovakia | 4,600,000

## See also

[edit]

* List of European cities by population within city limits
* List of urban areas in Europe
* List of European city regions
* Lists of cities in Europe
* List of largest cities in the European Union by population within city limits
* List of urban areas in the European Union
* List of European Union cities proper by population density
* List of metropolitan areas by population for the world
* World's largest cities

### Regional and country-specific lists

[edit]

* Largest metropolitan areas in the Nordic countries
* List of metropolitan areas in Belgium
* List of metropolitan areas in France
* List of metropolitan areas in Germany
* List of metropolitan areas in Italy
* List of metropolitan areas in Poland
* List of metropolitan areas in Romania
* List of metropolitan areas in Spain
* List of metropolitan areas in Sweden
* List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Part of the Randstad polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam (2,497,000), Rotterdam (1,904,000), The Hague (1,404,000), and Utrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 6,787,000.
2. ^ a b The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.
3. ^ Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of Mataro (169,000) is included.
4. ^ Part of the wider Öresund region, which includes the Danish metropolitan area of Copenhagen (1,881,000) and the Swedish metropolitan areas of Malmö (667,000) and Helsingborg (294,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.
5. ^ Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Darmstadt (501,000), Wiesbaden (453,000), and Mainz (431,000).
6. ^ a b Combined total population of Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area.
7. ^ Estimation.
8. ^ 65% of the population lives on the European part
9. ^ a b Part of the polycentric Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area with a total population of 5,294,000. The region includes the metropolitan areas of Katowice (3,029,000) Ostrava (1,046,000), Bielsko-Biała (584,000), Rybnik (526,000) and Racibórz (109,000).
10. ^ Part of the wider Lille-Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.
11. ^ Lists Málaga (1,048,764) and Marbella (239,929) as two separate metropolitan areas.
12. ^ Lists Málaga (887,146) and Marbella (343,167) as two separate metropolitan areas.
13. ^ Total population is 844,000 if the metropolitan area of Vélez-Málaga (69,000) is included.
14. ^ Lists Mannheim (683,000) and Ludwigshafen (453,000) as two of eight FUAs within the Rhein-Neckar poly-FUA (2,931,000).
15. ^ Does not include Aix-en-Provence, which OECD, unlike INSEE, considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 243,615 in 2020.
16. ^ Part of a wider Milan polycentric metropolitan area with a total population of 6,011,000.
17. ^ Total population is 3,271,000 if the metropolitan area of Augsburg (606,000) is included.
18. ^ Part of a wider polycentric metropolitan area with a population of 3,714,000.
19. ^ Lists Nottingham (919,484) and Derby (486,831) as two separate metropolitan areas.
20. ^ Lists Ostrava (539,358) and Havířov (211,775) as two separate metropolitan areas.
21. ^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.
22. ^ Lists Portsmouth (542,040) and Southampton (687,971) as two separate metropolitan areas.
23. ^ a b c Polycentric metropolitan area
24. ^ Lists Düsseldorf (1,087,466), Wuppertal (872,475), and Mönchengladbach (597,287) as three separate metropolitan areas.
25. ^ Lists Düsseldorf (1,464,904), Wuppertal (383,594), and Mönchengladbach (399,131) as three separate metropolitan areas.
26. ^ Includes Duisburg metropolitan area of Ruhr.
27. ^ a b c Part of the polycentric urban region of Rhein-Ruhr, which has a total population of 12,190,000.
28. ^ Lists Cologne (2,215,509) and Bonn (790,219) as two separate metropolitan areas.
29. ^ Does not include Duisburg metropolitan area.
30. ^ a b Does not include the French part.
31. ^ Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of Utrera (82,000) is included.
32. ^ a b Continental placement may vary depending on geographic convention being followed.
33. ^ Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan area of Pinerolo (115,000) is included.
34. ^ Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of Sagunto (101,000) is included.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Urbanismi, Cluster urbani e aree metropolitane – volume primo, Italia" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
2. ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2019" (PDF).(in Ukrainian)
3. ^ Lewis Dijkstra, Hugo Poelman (2012-03-01). Cities in Europe - The new OECD-EC definition (PDF) (Report). p. 2. Retrieved 2024-06-08. "Until recently, there was no harmonised definition of 'a city' for European and other countries member of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This undermined the comparability, and thus also the credibility, of cross-country analysis of cities. To resolve this problem, the OECD and the European Commission developed a new definition of a city and its commuting zone in 2011. […] Each city is part of its own commuting zone or a polycentric commuting zone covering multiple cities. These commuting zones are significant, especially for larger cities. The cities and commuting zones together (called Larger Urban Zones) account for 60 % of the EU population."
4. ^ "Territorial typologies manual - cities, commuting zones and functional urban areas". Eurostat. "Within the Urban Audit, (...) functional urban areas were previously referred to as 'larger urban zones'."
5. ^ "OECD: FUAs and Cities". OECD. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
6. ^ "Database". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 16 Jun 2024. Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - functional urban areas (urb_lpop1)
7. ^ "Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)]" (PDF). European Spatial Planning Observation Network. March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015., Final Report, Chapter 3
8. ^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) page 241-243

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[edit]

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