List of papal bulls

This is an incomplete list of papal bulls, listed by the year in which each was issued.

The decrees of some papal bulls were often tied to the circumstances of time and place, and may have been adjusted, attenuated, or abrogated by subsequent popes as situations changed.[1]

## List

[edit]

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (October 2017)

|

### Eleventh century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

1059  | In nomine Domini
("In the name of the Lord")  | Nicholas II | Establishing cardinal-bishops as the sole electors of the pope.[2]
1079  | Libertas ecclesiae
("The liberty of the Church")  | Gregory VII | About Church's independence from imperial authority and interference.
1079  | Antiqua sanctorum patrum
("The old (traces of the) holy fathers")  | Granted the church of Lyon primacy over the churches of Gaul.
1095 (March 16)  | Cum universis sancte | Urban II | The king or queen of Aragon could not be excommunicated without an express order from the pope.[3]

### Twelfth century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

1113 (February 15)  | Pie Postulatio Voluntatis
("The most pious request")  | Paschal II | Confirming the establishment and independence of the Knights Hospitaller, and placing the Order under Papal protection.
c. 1120 | Sicut Judaeis
("Thus to the Jews")  | Callixtus II | Provides protection for the Jews who suffered from the hands of the participants in the First Crusade.[4]
1136 (July 7)  | Ex commisso nobis ("From [the office] assigned to us")  | Innocent II | Split Archbishop of Magdeburg from the rest of the Polish church.[5]
1139 (March 29)  | Omne Datum Optimum ("Every perfect gift")  | Endorses the Knights Templar.
1144  | Milites Templi
("Soldiers of the Temple")  | Celestine II | Provides clergy protection to the Knights Templar and encourages contributions to their cause.
1145  | Militia Dei
("Soldiers of God")  | Eugene III | Allows the Knights Templar to take tithes and burial fees and to bury their dead in their own cemeteries.
1145 (December 1)  | Quantum praedecessores
("How much did our predecessors")  | Calls for the Second Crusade.
1146 (October 5)  | Divina dispensatione | Calls for the Italian clergy to support the Second Crusade.
1147 (April 11)  | Divina dispensatione | Calls for the Wendish Crusade.
1155  | Laudabiliter
("Laudably")  | Adrian IV | Gives the English King Henry II lordship over Ireland.
1171 or 1172 (September 11)  | Non parum animus noster
("Our soul [is] extremely [distressed]")  | Alexander III | Calls for the Northern Crusades against the Estonians and Finns.
1179 (May 23)  | Manifestis Probatum
("It is clearly demonstrated")  | Recognition of the kingdom of Portugal and Afonso Henriques as the first king.
1184 (November 4)  | Ad Abolendam
("In order to abolish")  | Lucius III | Condemns heresy, and lists some punishments (though stops short of death).[6]
1187 (October 29)  | Audita tremendi
("Hearing what terrible...")  | Gregory VIII | Calls for the Third Crusade.
1192  | Cum universi
("To all those...")  | Celestine III | Defined the Scottish Church as immediately subject to the Holy See.
1192 (December 23)  | Cum Romana ecclesia | Orders Archbishop Absalon of Lund to place the kingdom of Denmark under interdict and excommunicate Duke Valdemar if the bishop of Schleswig was not released from prison.[7]
1192 (December 23)  | Etsi sedes debeat | Admonished the clergy of Denmark for allowing the bishop of Schleswig to be imprisoned and to work for his release.[7]
1192 (December 23)  | Quanto magnitudinem tuam | Informs King Knud VI, that imprisoning the bishop of Schleswig is a crime, and his kingdom faces interdict if the bishop is not released.[7]
1198  | Post Miserabile
("Sadly, after...")  | Innocent III | Calls for the Fourth Crusade.
1199 (March 25)  | Vergentis in senium | This bull, addressed to the city of Viterbo, announced that heresy would be considered, in terms of punishment, the same as treason.[8]

### Thirteenth century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

1205  | Esti Judaeos | Innocent III | Jews were allowed their own houses of worship and would not be forced to convert. Jews were forbidden to eat with Christians or own Christian slaves.[9]
1213 (April)  | Quia maior
("Because a more...")  | Calls for the Fifth Crusade.
1214 (April 21)  | Bulla Aurea  | Ended papal sanctions against King John in England and the Lordship of Ireland in exchange for that realm's pledge of fealty to the papacy.[10][11] This bull confirmed John's royal charter of 3 October 1213 bearing a golden seal, sometimes called the Bulla Aurea.[12] Payment of the annual tribute of 1,000 marks was finally vetoed by parliament in 1365 under Edward III.[13]
1215 (August 24)  | Pro rege Johanne | Declares Magna Carta "null, and void of all validity for ever" in favor of King John against the barons[14][15]
1216 (December)  | Religiosam vitam
("The religious life")  | Honorius III | Established the Dominican Order
1218  | In generali concilio | Demanded the enforcement of the 4th Lateran Council that Jews wear clothing to distinguish themselves and that Jews be made to pay the tithe to local churches.[16]
1219  | Super Specula | Closed law schools in Paris and forbade most clergy from the study of civil law.[17]
1223 (November 29)  | Solet annuere | Approves the Rule of St. Francis.[18]
1225 (June)  | Vineae Domini custodes
("Guardians of the vineyard of the Lord")  | Grants two Dominican friars, Dominic of Segovia and Martin, authorisation for a mission to Morocco.
1228  | Mira Circa Nos | Gregory IX | Canonizing St. Francis of Assisi[19]
1230  | Quo elongati | Resolved issues concerning the testament of Francis of Assisi.[20]
1231 (April 13)  | Parens scientiarum
("The Mother of Sciences")  | Guarantees the independence of the University of Paris.
1232 (February 8)  | Ille humani generis | Instructed the Dominican prior of Regensburg to form an Inquisitional tribunal.[21][22]
1233 (April 6)  | Etsi Judaeorum
("Even if the Jews")  | Demands that Jews in Christian countries be treated with the same humanity with which Christians wish to be treated in heathen lands.[23]
1233 (June)  | Vox in Rama
("A voice in Ramah")  | Calls for action against Luciferians, a sect of suspected Devil worshippers
1233  | Licet ad capiendos | Marks the start of the Inquisition by the Church.
1233 (March 5)  | Sufficere debuerat | Forbids Christians to dispute on matters of faith with Jews[24]
1234  | Pietati proximum | Confirms Germanic Orders rule of Kulmerland.[25]
1234  | Rex pacificus | Announcement of the Liber Extra, the collection of papal decretals.[26]
1234 (July 3)  | Fons Sapientiae | Canonizes Saint Dominic[27]
1234 (November 17)  | Rachel suum videns | Calls for a crusade to the Holy Land and orders Dominicans and Franciscans to preach in favour of it.[28]
1235  | Cum hora undecima
("Since the eleventh hour")  | First bull authorizing friars to preach to pagan nations.[29]
1239 (June 20)  | Si vera sunt
("If they are true")  | Orders the seizure and examination of Jewish writings, especially the Talmud, suspected of blasphemies against Christ and the Church.[30]
1243  | Qui iustis causis | Innocent IV | Orders a crusade to the Baltic lands. Repeated 1256 and 1257.[31]
1244  | Impia judeorum perfidia | Stated that Jews could not hire Christian nurses.[32]
1244 (March 9)  | Impia gens | Ordering Talmud to be burned[33]
1245 (January 23)  | Terra Sancta Christi
("The holy land of Christ")  | Calls for a crusade to the Holy Land.[34]
1245 (March 5)  | Dei patris immensa
("God the Father's immense...")  | Exposition of the Christian faith, and urged Mongols to accept baptism.[35]
1245 (March 13)  | Cum non solum
("With not only...")  | Appeal to the Mongols to desist from attacking Christians and other nations, and an enquiry as to their future intentions.[35] Innocent expresses desire for peace (possibly unaware that in the Mongol vocabulary, "peace" is a synonym for "subjection").[36]
1245 (March 20)  | Inter alia desiderabilia | Charges against Sancho II of Portugal[37]
1245 (late March)  | Cum simus super | Letter addressed to multiple prelates and 'Christians of the East' which affirmed the primacy of the Roman Church and urged ecclesiastical unity.[38]
1245 (July 17)  | Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem
("To the highest point of apostolic dignity")  | Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem was an apostolic letter issued against Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV (1243–54), during the Council of Lyon, 17 July 1245, the third year of his pontificate.
1245 (July 24)  | Grandi non immerito
("With good reason")  | Removes Sancho II of Portugal from the throne, to be replaced by his brother Afonso, Count of Boulogne.
1246 (September 13)  | Ut pressi quondam [it] | Concessio to the conversos the access to Orders
1247 (July 9)  | Sicut Judaeis[39] | Innocent IV's reissuance of the longstanding papal policy regarding treatment of the Jews, it further forbade blood libel accusations
1247 (October 1)  | Quae honorem conditoris omnium | On the rules of the Carmelite Order[40]
1248 (November 22)  | Viam agnoscere veritatis
("To know the way of truth")  | Letter addressed to Baiju, king of the Mongols, in response to his embassy.[41]
1249  | De indulgencia xi dierum | An indulgence to all the faithful who visit the Shrine of St. Margaret in Scotland
1252 (May 15)  | Ad extirpanda
("For the elimination")  | Authorizes the use of torture for eliciting confessions from heretics during the Inquisition and executing relapsed heretics by burning them alive.[42]
1254 (October 6)  | Querentes in agro | Recognised the University of Oxford and "confirmed its liberties, ancient customs and approved statutes".[43]
1255  | Clara claris praeclara
("Clare outstandingly clear")  | Alexander IV | On the canonization of St. Clare of Assisi[44]
1255 (April 6)  | Inter ea quae placita
("Among those pleasing")  | Confirms the establishment of the University of Salamanca[45]
1255 (September 22)  | Dignum arbitramur
("We consider suitable")  | Grants that degrees conferred by the University of Salamanca be valid everywhere[46]
1255 (April 14)  | Quasi lignum vitae | Rejects all measures against dominican professors at the University of Paris; ends the numerus clausus for the chairs of theology.[47]
1256  | Ut negotium | Allowed the inquisitors to absolve each other for any "canonical irregularities in their important work".[48]
1258  | Quod super nonnullis | Ordered all papal inquisitors to avoid investigating charges of divination and sorcery unless they also

"clearly savored of manifest heresy."[49]

1261 (April 29)  | Ad Audientiam Nostram | Released Henry III of England from his oath to the Barons to maintain the Provisions of Oxford.[50][51]
1263/1264  | Exultavit cor nostrum
("Our heart has rejoiced")  | Urban IV | Letter from Urban to Hulagu, discussing the arrival of Hulagu's (uncredentialed) envoy John the Hungarian, cautiously welcoming, and announcing that William II of Agen, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, would be investigating further.[52]
1264  | ?  | Discussion of the Egyptian threat (no mention of Mongols).[52]
1260s (undated)  | Audi filia et
("Hear, O daughter, and")  | Urban IV or
Clement IV | Caution to Queen Plaisance of Cyprus to cease her unchaste ways, and marry[53]
1260s (undated)  | De sinu patris
("The bosom of the Father")  | Urban IV or
Clement IV | Admonishment to an unnamed nobleman to cease his adultery and return to his wife[53]
1265  | Licet Ecclesiarum | Clement IV | Stated that appointments to all benefices were a papal prerogative.[54]
1265  | Parvus fons | Strengthened the general chapter of the Cistercians[55]
1267 (July 26)  | Turbato corde
("With disturbed heart")  | Legally barred Christians from converting to Judaism.[56]
1272  |  | Gregory X | Confirms the "Sicut Judæis"
1272 (July 7)  | "Letter on Jews"  | Against the Blood Libel[57]
1273 (April 20)  | Prae cunctis mentis  | Sets the procedure for the Inquisition in France headed by the Dominicans.[58]
1274  | Ubi Periculum
("Where there is danger")  | Established the papal conclave as the method of selection for a pope, imposing progressively stricter restrictions on cardinals the longer a conclave lasted to encourage a quick selection.
1278 (August 4)  | Vineam Sorec | Nicholas III | Ordering conversion sermons to Jews
1279  | Exiit qui seminat | Confirming the rules of the Friar Minor[59]
1281  | Ad fructus uberes | Martin IV | Gave Franciscan priests the right to preach and hear confession.[60]
1283  | Exultantes | Relaxed the restrictions on poverty for Franciscans.[60]
1288  | Habet carissima filia | Nicholas IV | Letter sent to Christian women at the court of the Mongol Ilkhan[61]
1289  | Supra Motem | On the Rule of the Third Order of St. Francis[62]
1291 (January 30)  | Orat mater ecclesia | To protect the Roman Jews from oppression
1291 (March)  | Prae cunctis | Authorized the Franciscans to start the inquisition in Bosnia.[63]
1291  | Gaudemus in Domino | Letter sent to Arghun's third wife, Uruk Khatun, the mother of Nicholas (Oljeitu), Arghun's successor.[61]
1291  | Pastoralis officii | Letter sent to two young Mongol princes, Saron and Cassian, urging their conversion to Christianity.[61]
1294  | Inter sanctorum solemnia | Celestine V | Grants plenary indulgence to anyone who confessed, communicated and visited the Basilica of Santa Maria di Collemaggio from Vespers of August 28 to Vespers of the following day[64][65][66]
1296 (January 20)  | Redemptor mundi
("Redeemer of the world")  | Boniface VIII | Named James II of Aragon as standardbearer, captain-general, and admiral of the Roman Church.
1296 (February 25)  | Clericis Laicos
("Lay clerics")  | Excommunicates all members of the clergy who, without authorization from the Holy See, pay to laymen any part of their income or the revenue of the Church, and all rulers who receive such payments.[67]
1297  | Super reges et regna
("About kings and kingdoms")  | Bestowed on James II of Aragon the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica.
1297  | Excelso throno | Jacopo Colonna and Pietro Colonna, both cardinals, were excommunicated by Pope Boniface VIII for refusing to surrender their relative Stefano Colonna (who had seized and robbed the pope's nephew) and refusing to give the pope Palestrina along with two fortresses, which threatened the pope. This excommunication was extended in the same year to Jacopo's nephews and their heirs, after the two Colonna cardinals denounced the pope's election as invalid and appealed to a general council.[68]
1299 (June 13)  | Exhibita nobis | Declares Jews be included among persons who might be denounced to the Inquisition without the name of the accuser revealed[24]
1299 (June 27)  | Scimus, Fili
("We know, my son")  | Challenged Edward I's claim to Scotland, stating the Scottish kingdom belonged to the apostolic see.[69]
1299  | De Sepulturis | Prohibited Crusaders from dismembering and boiling of the bodies, known as Mos Teutonicus so that the bones, separated from the flesh, may be carried for burial in their own countries.[70]
1299  | Fuit olim | Denounces any who supply arms, ammunition, and provisions to the Saracens[71]

### Fourteenth century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

1300 (22 February)  | Antiquorum habet fida relatio | Boniface VIII | Reinstates the Jubilee Years, granting indulgence during those years for those who fulfill various conditions.[72]
1301 (5 December)  | Ausculta Fili | Requests that the King of France repent for not submitting to Papal authority.
1302 (November 18)  | Unam Sanctam
("The One Holy")  | Declares that there is no salvation outside the Church (Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus), and that the Church must remain united.
1303  | Excomminicamus et anathematazimus | Directed against those who molest persons travelling to and from Rome[71]
1305  | Exivi de paradiso | Clement V | On the rules of the Friar Minor[73]
1307 (November 22)  | Pastoralis Praeeminentiae | Orders the arrest of the Knights Templar and the confiscation of their possessions.
1307 (July 23)  | Rex regnum | Nominates seven Franciscans to act as papal suffragans in China.[74]
1308  | Faciens misericordiam
("Granting forgiveness")  | Sets out the procedure to prosecute the Knights Templar.
1308 (August 12)  | Regnans in caelis
("Reigning in heaven")  | Convenes the Council of Vienne to discuss the Knights Templar.
1310 (April 4)  | Alma mater
("A nurturing mother")  | Postpones the opening of the Council of Vienne until 1 October 1311, on account of the investigation of the Templars that was not yet finished.
1312 (March 22)  | Vox in excelso
("A voice from on high")  | Disbands the Knights Templar.[75]
1312 (May 2)  | Ad providam | Grants the bulk of Templar property on to the Knights Hospitallers.[76]
1312 (May 6)  | Considerantes dudum | Outlined the disposition for members of the Knights Templar.[77]
1312 (May 6)  | Exivi de paradiso | Stated the conditions of Franciscan rule.[78]
1312 (May 16)  | Nuper in concilio | Grants further Templar property to the Knights Hospitallers[79]
1312 (December 18)  | Licet dudum | Suspends privileges and confirms the disposition of property of the Knights Templar.
1312 (December 31)  | Dudum in generali concilio | Further considerations as to the question of the Templars' property.
1313 (January 13)  | Licet pridem | Further considerations as to the question of the Templars' property.
1313  | Pastoralis Cura | The first legal expression of territorial sovereignty. ... Ruled that an emperor could not judge a king ... that public power was territorially confined.[80]
1317  | Sane Considerante | John XXII | Elevated the Diocese of Toulouse to Archbishop and created six new bishoprics.
1317  | Sancta Romana | Addressed the claim that the Franciscan Tuscan Spirituals had been authorized by Celestine V.[81]
1317 (March 31)  | Si Fratrum | Negates any imperial-bestowed titles that are not confirmed by the Pope.[82][83]
1317 (October)  | Quorundam exigit | Reiterated Clement V's bull, Exivi de paradiso, while stating that friars who disagreed with their superiors would not accuse them of violating Franciscan rule.[84][85]
1318 (January 23)  | Gloriosam ecclesiam | The Franciscan "Spirituals" of Tuscany are declared Donatist heretics and excommunicated.[86]
1318 (April 1)  | Redemptor noster
("Our redeemer")  | Withdrew the Mongol Ilkhan's dominions and 'India' from the archdiocese of Khanbaligh, transferring to a Dominican province
1319 (March 14)  | Ad ea ex quibus | Created Portuguese Order of Christ.[87]
1322  | Quia nonnunquam | Freedom of discussion in poverty controversy
1322  | Ad conditorem canonum | Continuation of poverty controversy
1323  | Cum inter nonnullos | Defines the belief in the poverty of Christ and the Apostles as heretical.[88]
1324  | Quia quorundam | Condemned those who disagreed with Cum inter nonnullos[89]
1329 (16 Nov)  | Quia vir reprobus | Declared the right to hold property pre-dated the Fall and noted that the Apostles owned personal property.[90]
1329  | In agro dominico | Condemned 28 propositions of Meister Eckhart and their further distribution.[91]
1333 (December 2)  | Summa providit altitudo consilii |
1336  | Benedictus Deus
("On the beatific vision of God")  | Benedict XII | Declared that the saved see Heaven (and thus, God) before Judgement Day.[92]
1337 (August 29)  | Ex zelo fidei | Promising inquiry into host-tragedy of Pulka
1338  | Exultanti precepimus | Letter to Mongol ruler Ozbeg and his family, thanking them for having granted land to Franciscans to build a church[61]
1338  | Dundum ad notitiam | Letter to Mongol ruler Ozbeg recommending ambassadors, and thanking Ozbeg for prior favors shown to missionaries[61]
1342  | Gratiam Agimus | Clement VI | Declared the Franciscan Order as the official Custodian of the Holy Land in the name of the Church.[93]
1343 (January 27)  | Unigenitus | Declared a Jubilee every 50 years and justified papal power to issue indulgences
1348 (September 26)  | Quamvis Perfidiam | An attempt to dispel the rumor that the Jews caused the Black Death by poisoning wells.
1350  | cum natura humana |
1363  | Apostolatus Officium (sometimes known as In Coena Domini)[71] | Urban V | Against pirates, those who supply arms to Saracens, and those who intercept supplies intended for Rome
1372  | Excomminicamus et anathematazimus | Gregory XI | Excommunicating forgers of Letters Apostolic
1383  | Quia sicut | Urban VI | Regarding ecclesiastical immunities

### Fifteenth century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

1409 (December 20)  |  | Alexander V | Order to suppress all the books of John Wycliffe in Bohemia.[94]
1413 (August 28)  | Confirmationis Privilegiorum Universitati Sancti Andreæ | Benedict XIII | Grants university status to the Augustinian society of higher learning in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland which became the University of St Andrews
1415 (May 11)  | Etsi doctoribus gentium | Against Talmud or any other Jewish book attacking Christianity
1417  |  | Bull against Talmud
1418  | Quod Antidota | Martin V | Exempt jurisdiction of Ecclesiastical courts
1418 (April 4)  | Sane charissimus | After the seizure of Ceuta called on all to support John I of Portugal in his war against the Moors[95]
1420 (March 1)  | Omnium Plasmatoris Domini | Calls for a crusade against followers of Jan Hus, John Wycliffe, and other heretics. It initiates the Hussite Wars.
1420 (November 25)  | Concessum Judaæis | To German Jews confirming their privileges
1420 (December 23)  | Licet Judæorum omnium | In favor of Austrian Jews[24]
1421  |  | To the Benedictine Abbey of St. Bertin at St. Omer, granting permission for the monks to elect their own confessors.[96]
1423 (June 3)  | Sedes apostolica | Renews law requiring Jews to wear badge
1425  | Sapientie immarcessibilis | Foundation of the Old University of Leuven[97]
1425  | Mare Anglicanum | Confirmed the bull Mare Magnum and gave Syon independence from Vadstena and the general order chapter house.[98]
1428  | Ad Repremendas | Supreme jurisdiction of the Roman court
1429 (February 15)  | Quamquam Judæi | Places Roman Jews under the general civic law, protects them from forcible baptism, and permits them to teach in the school
| Etsi cunctis fidei | Eugene IV | Prohibited imposition of inordinately high dues on converted Canary islanders[95]
1434 (December 17)  | Creator Omnium | On slave raiding in the Canaries
1435  | Sicut Dudum | Forbidding the slavery of converted local natives in the Canary Islands by Spanish and Portuguese slave traders.[99][100]
1437 (September 18)  | Doctoris gentium | Transfers the Council of Basel to Ferrara[101]
1437  | Praeclaris tuae |
1439 (January)  |  | Transfers the Council of Ferrara to Florence because of the plague[102]
1439 (July 6)  | Laetentur Caeli
("Rejoicing of the Heavens")  | Officially re-united the Roman Catholic Church with the Eastern Orthodox Churches. This agreement was quickly repudiated by most eastern bishops.[103]
1442 (February 4)  | Cantate Domino
("Sing praises to the Lord")  | Part of an attempt by the Catholic Church to reunite with other Christian groups including the Coptic Church of Egypt.
1442 (August 8)  | Dudum ad nostram audientiam | Complete separation of Jews and Christians (ghetto).
1442 (August 10)  | Super Gregem Dominicum | Revokes the privileges of the Castilian Jews and imposes severe restrictions on them. Forbids Castilian Christians to eat, drink, live or bathe with Jews or Muslims and declaring invalid the testimony of Jews or Muslims against Christians.[104]
1442 (December 19)  | Illius qui se pro divini | On Henry of Portugal's crusade against the Saracens[105]
1443 (January 5)  | Rex regum | Takes neutral position on territorial disputes between Portugal and Castile regarding rights claimed in Africa.[106]
1447 (June 23)  | Super Gregem Dominicum | Nicholas V | Re-issues Eugene IV's bull against Castilian Jews to Italy.[107][108]
1451 (January 7)  |  | Foundation of the University of Glasgow.[109]
1451 (March 1)  | Super Gregem Dominicum | Third issuance of Eugenius IV's bull. Confirms the earlier revocation of privileges and restrictions against Spanish and Italian Jews.[110][111]
1451 (September 21)  | Romanus pontifex | Relieving the dukes of Austria from ecclesiastical censure for permitting Jews to dwell there
1452 (June 18)  | Dum diversas | Authorizes Afonso V of Portugal to reduce any Muslims, pagans, and other unbelievers to perpetual slavery.[112]
1453 (September 30)  | Etsi ecclesia Christi | Calls for a crusade to reverse the fall of Constantinople.[113]
1454 (January 8)  |  | Concedes to Afonso V all conquests in Africa from Cape Non to Guinea, with authorization to build churches[114]
1454 (January 8)  |  | Extended Portuguese dominion over all the seas from Africa to India.[114]
1455 (January 8)  | Romanus Pontifex
("The Roman pontiff")  | Granting the Portuguese a perpetual monopoly in trade with Africa and allows the enslavement of natives.[115]
1455 (May 15)  | Ad summi apostolatus apicem | Callixtus III | Confirmed the bull Etsi ecclesia Christi.[116]
1456 (March 13)  | Inter Caetera | Confirmed the Bull Romanus Pontifex and gave the Portuguese Order of Christ the spiritualities of all lands acquired and to be acquired.[117]
1456 (June 20)  | Cum hiis superioribus annis and is titled Bulla Turcorum | Announces the Fall of Constantinople and seeks funding for another crusade against the Turks.[118]
1458 (October 13)  | Vocavit nos pius | Pius II | Invites the European powers to the Congress of Mantua.[119]
1458  | Veram semper et solidam | Orders the creation of the Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem to protect Christians in Greek waters from the Ottomans.[120]
1460 (January 14)  | Ecclesiam Christi | Calls for a three-year crusade against the Ottoman Empire.[121]
1460 (January 18)  | Execrabilis
("Execrable")  | Prohibits appealing a papal judgment to a future general council.[122]
1462 (April 28)  | Cum almam nostram urbem | Prohibits the destruction or removal of the ancient ruins in Rome and Campagna.[123]
1463 (October 22)  | Ezechielis prophetae | Calls for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire.[124]
1470 (April 19)  | Ineffabilis providentia
("Ineffable Providence")  | Paul II | Declared that a Jubilee would take place every 25 years.
1476  | Regimini Gregis | Sixtus IV | Threatens to excommunicate all captains or pirates who enslave Christians
1478 (November 1)  | Exigit sinceræ devotionis | Authorized Ferdinand and Isabella to appoint inquisitors which created the Spanish Inquisition.[125]
1481 (April 8)  | Cogimur jubente altissimo | Calls for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire.[126]
1481 (June 21)  | Aeterni regis | Confirms the Treaty of Alcáçovas.[127]
1482 (April 14)  | Superna caelestis | By which Bl. Bonaventure, Is registered in the Canon of the Saints
1482 (August 2)  | Ad Perpetuam Rei memoriam | Ordered humanitarian reforms to the Spanish Inquisition.[128][129]
1484 (December 5)  | Summis desiderantes | Innocent VIII | Condemns an alleged outbreak of witchcraft and heresy in the region of the Rhine River valley, and deputizes Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany.
1486 (July 12)  | Catholice fidei defensionem | Grants plenary indulgences to whoever took part in Casimir IV Jagiellon's war against the Ottoman Empire.[130]
1487 (April 27)  | Id Nostri Cordis | Ordered execution of waldenses and indulgences to those who took part.[131]
1487 (November 13)  | Universo pene orbi | Calls for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire.[132]
1491  | Officii nostri | (This may be a confusion with the decretal of Innocent III of the same name.)
1493 (May 3)  | Eximiae devotionis | Alexander VI | Accords to Spain recognition of the same rights and privileges regarding lands discovered in the west as had been previously confirmed to Portugal in the east.
1493 (May 4)  | Inter caetera
("Among the other")  | On the division of the "undiscovered world" between Spain and Portugal, beginning with the lands visited by Columbus.
1493 (June 25)  | Piis Fidelium | Grants Spain vicarial power to appoint missionaries to the Indies.
1493 (September 26)  | Dudum siquidem | Territorial grants supplemental to Inter caetera
1495 (February 10)  | Primo Erectio Universitatis[133] | Foundation of the University of Aberdeen.[134]
1497 (October 15)  | Ad sacram ordinis | The ancient custom of selecting the Prefect of the Apostolic Chapel from the Augustinian Order was given legal foundation.[135]

### Sixteenth century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

1500 (June 1)  | Quamvis ad amplianda | Alexander VI | Calls for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire in response to Ottoman invasions of Venetian territories in Greece.[136]
1506 (January 24)  | Ea quae pro bono pacis | Julius II | Approval of the Treaty of Tordesillas by the Catholic Church
1509  | Suspecti Regiminis | Prohibiting appeals to future councils
1509  | Pontifex Romanis Pacis | Against plunderers of shipwrecks
1511  | Pax Romana
("Roman Peace"/"Peace of Rome")  | To stop the feuding between the Orsini and Colonna families[137]
1511  | Consueverunt |
1513 (December 19)  | Apostolici Regiminis | Leo X | Concerning the immortality of the soul.[138]
1514 (March 22)  | Sincerae devotionis |
1514  | Precelse denotionis
("Especially the description")  | Renewed Dum Diversas of 1452
1514  | Supernæ dispositionis arbitrio | Calls for reform of the curia and declares that cardinals should come immediately after the pope in the ecclesiastical hierarchy.
1515 (May 4)  | Regimini Universalis | Requires that metropolitan bishops hold a provincial synod every three years.
1515 (May 4)  | Inter Multiplices | Regulated lending and Usury, especifically by the institution of Monte di Pietà.[139] Published during the Fifth Lateran Council.
1515 (July 19)  | Salvatoris Nostri | Roman hospitals, S. Maria del Popolo and S. Giacomo and Tridente.[140]
1516 (May 19)  | Illius qui in altis habitat | Roman hospitals.
1516 (June 16)  | De Supernae dispositionis arbitrio | Funding of San Giacomo hospital throughout enfiteusis
1516 (December 19)  | Pastor aeternus | Declared the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges null and void.[141]
1517 (May 29)  | Ite vos | Order of Friars Minor[142]
1518 (November 9)  | Cum Postquam | Decretal on indulgences[143] |
1519  | Supremo |
1520 (June 15)  | Exsurge Domine
("Arise, O Lord")  | Demands that Martin Luther retract 41 of his 95 theses, as well as other specified errors, within sixty days of its publication in neighbouring regions to Saxony.
1521 (January 3)  | Decet Romanum Pontificem
("[It] befits [the] Roman Pontiff")  | Excommunicates Martin Luther.[144]
1522 (May 10)  | Exponi nobis nuper fecisti | Adrian VI | Grants sweeping authority to mendicant orders in the New World
1529 (May 8)  | Intra Arcana | Clement VII | Grant of permissions and privileges to Emperor Charles V and the Spanish Empire, which included patronage power over their lands in the Americas.[145]
1533 (April 7)  | Sempiterno regi | Clement VII | Partial condemnation of the forced baptism of Portuguese Jews, and general pardon to New Christians.[146]
1533  | Romanus Pontifex |  |
1536 (May 23)  | Cum ad nihil magis | Paul III  | Introduces Inquisition into Portugal.[147]
1537 (May 29)  | Sublimis Deus | Paul III | Forbids the enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
1538 (October 28)  | In apostolatus culmine |
1540 (May 12)  | Licet Judæi | Against blood libel
1540 (September 27)  | Regimini militantis ecclesiae
("To the Government of the Church Militant")  | Approves the formation of the Society of Jesus.[148]
1542  | Cupientes iudaeos | Converts from Judaism are guaranteed citizenship at their place of baptism.[149]
1542 (July 21)  | Licet ab initio | Institution of the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Inquisition.[150]
1543 (March 14)  | Injunctum nobis | Repealed a clause in the Regimini militantis ecclesiae which had only allowed the Society of Jesus sixty members.[151]
1550 (July 21)  | Exposcit debitum
("The Duty demands")  | Julius III | Second and final approval of the Society of Jesus
1551 (February 25)  | Super specula militantis Ecclesiae
("Upon the watchtower of the Church Militant")  | Ended the status of Funchal as the largest diocese in the world, creating new bishoprics throughout the Portuguese Empire at Salvador &c.
1553 (April 28)  | Divina disponente clementia
("So predisposed by the divine clemency")  | Create Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa the first patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church.
1554 (August 31)  | Pastoris æterni vices | Imposes tax of ten gold ducats on two out of the 115 synagogues in the Papal States
1555 (June 20)  | Praeclara Carissimi | Paul IV | Consisted of two parts. Confirmed the sale of church lands under Henry VIII of England and imposed the reordination of all clerics consecrated during Henry VIII and Edward VI of England.[152]
1555 (July 14)  | Cum nimis absurdum
("Since it is absurd")  | Places religious and economic restrictions on Jews in the Papal States.[153]
1559 (February 15)  | Cum ex apostolatus officio
("By virtue of the apostolic office")  | Confirms that only Catholics can be elected Popes.  |
1559 (May 12)  | Super universas

("General")

| Religious reorganisation of the Netherlands  |
1560 (January 19)  | Ad caritatis et misericordiae opera | Pius IV | Roman hospital of San Giacomo degli Incurabili.
1564  | Dominici Gregis Custodiae | Containing the rules for forbidding books[1]
1564 (January 26)  | Benedictus Deus
("Blessed God")  | Ratified all decrees and definitions of the Council of Trent.[154]
1565 (January 17)  | Æquum reputamus
("We consider it equal")  | Pius V |
1566  | Cum nobis ex parte | Reiterates condemnation of those who plunder shipwrecks
1567  | Ex omnibus afflictionibus | Condemns 79 statements made by Michael Baius[155]
1567  | Etsi Dominici gregis | Forbids the sale of Indulgences[156]
1567 (January 19)  | Cum nos nuper | Orders Jews to sell all property in Papal States
1568 (June 7)  | Quod a nobis | Modified the Roman Breviary
1569 (February)  | Hebraeorum gens sola | Restricted Jews in the Papal States to Rome and Ancona.[157]
1569 (February, 14)  | Cum onus apostolica servitutis abeuntes

("When the Apostolic burden is gone")

| Regulated lending and Usury, especifically by way of the census. Another Bull was published with an amendment on the 10th of June, 1570.
1569 (August 27)  | Magnus Dux Etruriae | Elevated Cosimo I de' Medici to Grand Duke of Tuscany.[158]
1569 (September 17)  | Consueverunt Romani Pontifices | On the power of the Rosary
1569 (December 21)  | "Concerning the primacy of the Lateran"  | Confirming a decision by the Roman Rota[159] that "the right of precedence...of St. Peter's...should pertain...to the church of the Lateran."[160]
1570 (February 25)  | Regnans in excelsis
("Ruling from on high")  | Declares Elizabeth I of England a heretic and releases her subjects from any allegiance to her.[161]
1570 (July 14)  | Quo primum
("From the first")  | Promulgates the Roman Missal (Tridentine Mass), and forbids use of other Latin liturgical rites that cannot demonstrate two hundred year of continuous use.
1572 (September 16)  | Cristiani Populi | Gregory XIII | Foundation of Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
1572 (November 13)  | Pro Commissa Nobis | Dispositions about Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
1574  | Ad Romani Pontificis |
1581 (March 30)  | Multos adhuc ex Christianis | Renews Church law against Jewish physicians
1581 (June 1)  | Antiqua Judæorum improbitas | Gives jurisdiction over Jews of Rome to Inquisition in cases of blasphemy, protection of heretics, possession of forbidden works, employment of Christian servants
1582 (February 24)  | Inter gravissimas
("Among the most important")  | Establishes the Gregorian calendar.
1584 (May 24)  | Ascendente Domino | Confirms the constitution of the Society of Jesus.
1584 (September 1)  | Sancta mater ecclesia | Ordered that the gospels be preached in Roman synagogues.[162]
1586 (January 5)  | Coeli et terrae
("The heavens and the lands")  | Sixtus V | Condemned "judicial astrology" as superstitious.
1586 (October)  | Christiana pietas
("Christian piety")  | Allowed Jews to settle in the Papal States, revoking Pius V's 1569 bull, Hebraeorum gens sola.[163]
1588 (February 11)  | Immensa Aeterni Dei
("The immense [wisdom] of Eternal God")  | Reorganized the Roman Curia, establishing several permanent congregations to advise the Pope.[164]
1588 (October 29)  | Effraenatam
("The unbridled [audacity and daring]") -- a.k.a. Against Those Who Procure | Declares that the canonical penalty of excommunication would be levied for any form of contraception and for abortion at any stage of fetal development.
1588  | Triumphantis Hierusalem | Officially elevates St. Bonaventure to the status of Doctor of the Church[165]
1591 (March 21)  | Cogit nos | Gregory XIV | Threatens all those betting on papal elections, the length of the papacy, and the establishment of cardinals, with excommunication.[166]
1591 (April 18)  | Cum Sicuti | Decrees the emancipation of all indigenous slaves in the Philippines.[167]
1592 (February 28)  | Cum sæpe accidere | Clement VIII | Forbidding Jews to deal in new commodities
1593  | Caeca et Obdurata
("The Blind and Obdurate")  | Expelled the Jews from the Papal States.
1593  | Pastoralis |

### Seventeenth century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

1603 (February 3)  | Dominici gregis | Clement VIII | Marian piety as the basis of the Church. Upheld the perpetual virginity of Mary.[168]
1604 (August 23)  |  | In favor of Portuguese Maranos
1631  | Contra astrologos iudiciarios | Urban VIII | Condemns astrological predictions of the deaths of princes and popes.[169]
1639 (April 22)  | Commissum nobis | Reaffirms "Sublimus Dei" forbidding enslavement of indigenous people
1641 (6 March)  | In eminenti Ecclesiae militantis | Censures Jansenist publications.[170]
1642 (30 January)  | Cum Ecclesiae | Bans the consumption of tobacco in churches.[171]
1644  |  | Grants pilgrims to the Jesuit mission at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons "a Plenary Indulgence each year and the remission of all their sins."[172]
1653 (May 31)  | Cum occasione | Innocent X | Condemns 5 Jansenist propositions.[173]
1658 (Nov. 15)  | Ad ea per quae | Alexander VII | Orders Roman Jews to pay rent even for unoccupied houses in ghetto, because Jews would not hire houses from which Jews had been evicted
1659  | Super cathedram Principis Apostolorum | Establishing the Catholic mission in Vietnam
1664  | Speculatores domus Israel | Introducing the new edition of the Index of Forbidden Books
1665  | Ad sacram
("To the sacred")  | Confirms bull Cum occasione and further condemns Jansenism[174]
1676 (November 16)  | Inter Pastoralis Officii Curas | Innocent XI | Establishes Salvador as independent of Lisbon and as primate over Brazil, Congo, and Angola
1687  | Coelestis Pastor | Condemns Quietism as heresy.
1692  | Romanum decet Pontificem
("It befits the Roman Pontiff")  | Innocent XII | Abolished the office of Cardinal-Nephew[175]

### Eighteenth century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

1713  | Unigenitus
("The only-begotten")  | Clement XI | Condemns Jansenism.
1715 (Mar. 19)  | Ex illa die | Chinese customs and traditions that are not contradictory to Roman Catholicism will be allowed, while ones clearly contradictory to it will not be tolerated.
1737 (Dec. 17)  | Inter praecipuas apostolici ministerii
("Among the main attributes of the Apostolate")  | Determines that whoever is elected Patriarch of Lisbon is to be elevated to the dignity of cardinal in the first consistory following their election.
1738  | In eminenti apostolatus specula
("In the high watchtower of the Apostolate")  | Bans Catholics from becoming Freemasons.
1740 (Dec. 13)  | Salvatoris nostri Mater
("The Mother of Our Saviour")  | Benedict XIV | Suppresses the vacant Metropolitan Archdiocese of Eastern Lisbon and merges it with the Patriarchate of Lisbon; grants the canons of the cathedral chapter the title of Principal.
1741 (Feb. 23)  | Apostolicae Servitutis
("Apostolic Servitude")  | Forbids members of the clergy from engaging in worldly pursuits such as business.
1741 (Dec. 20)  | Immensa Pastorum Principis | Against the enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, in particular of Brazil, and of the other places.
1747 (Feb. 28)  | Postremo mense

("In the last month of the previous year")

| Confirms decision of Roman Curia of October 22, 1597, that a Jewish child, once baptized, even against canonical law, must be brought up under Christian influences and removed from its parents.[176][177]
1751 (Dec. 15)  | Probe te meminisse

("You should remember")

| Authorized forced baptisms of Jewish children in the Papal States under favor fidei ("favor of faith"), overriding parental rights, with vague exceptions. Children were seized and sent to the House of the Catechumens (Italian: Pia Casa dei Catecumeni), enabling systemic abuses into the 19th century.[178][179][180][181]
1755  | Beatus Andreas
("Blessed Andreas")  | Beatified child martyr Andreas Oxner, said in a blood libel accusation to have been murdered by Jews in 1462.[182]
1773  | Dominus ac Redemptor noster
("Our Master and Redeemer")  | Clement XIV | Ordered the suppression of the Society of Jesus.
1794 (August 28)  | Auctorem Fidei[183] | Pius VI | Condemning the Gallicanism and Jansenism of the Synod of Pistoia.

### Nineteenth century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

1809 (June 10)  | Quum memoranda | Pius VII | Excommunicated Napoleon Bonaparte and anyone who contributed to the annexation of the Papal States and overthrow of the Holy See's temporal power by the First French Empire
1814  | Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum
("The care of all the churches")  | Reestablishes the Society of Jesus.
1818  | Ex imposita nobis | Defined the boundaries of the dioceses in the newly formed Congress Poland.
1824  | Quod divina sapientia
("What divine wisdom")  | Leo XII | Restructures education in the Papal States under ecclesiastical supervision.
1831  | Sollicitudo ecclesiarum | Gregory XVI | That in the event of a change of government, the church would negotiate with the new government for placement of bishops and vacant dioceses.[184]
1850 (September 29)  | Universalis Ecclesiae
("Of the Universal Church")  | Pius IX | Recreates the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England.
1853 (March 4)[185] | Ex qua die arcano
("From the very day when by the secret [counsels]...")  | Reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands
1854  | Ineffabilis Deus | Defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception
1866 (July 12)  | Reversurus
("To come back")  | Extends to the Armenian Catholic Church the Western provisions about appointment of bishops.
1868 (June 29)  | Aeterni Patris
("Of the Eternal Father")  | Summons First Vatican Council.
1869 (October 12)  | Apostolicæ Sedis moderationi
("To the guidance of the Apostolic See")  | Regulates the system of censures and reservations in the Catholic Church.
1871  | Pastor aeternus
("The eternal shepherd")  | Defines papal infallibility.
1880 (July 13)  | Dolemus inter alia
("Among other things, we lament")  | Leo XIII | Reinstates the privileges of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), nullifying the bull Dominus ac Redemptor Noster of 21 July 1773.[186]
1884 (November 1)  | Omnipotens Deus
("God Almighty")  | Accepted the authenticity of the relics at Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
1896  | Apostolicae curae
("Of the Apostolic care")  | Declares all Anglican Holy Orders null and void.

### Twentieth century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

1910  | Quam singulari
("How special")  | Pius X | Allows the admittance of Communion to children who have reached the age of reason (about seven years old).[187]
1930  | Ad Christi nomen | Pius XI | Created the Diocese of Vijayapuram.
1949  | Jubilaeum Maximum
("Great jubilee")  | Pius XII | Announcement of 1950 as a Holy Year
1950 (November 1)  | Munificentissimus Deus
("The most bountiful God") | Defines the dogma of the Assumption of Mary.[188]
1961 (December 25)  | Humanae salutis
("Of human salvation")  | John XXIII | Summons Second Vatican Council.
1998 (November 29)  | Incarnationis mysterium
("The mystery of the Incarnation")  | John Paul II | Indiction of the Great Jubilee of 2000

### Twenty-first century

[edit]

Year  | Bull  | Issuer  | Description

|
|
|

2015 (April 11)  | Misericordiae vultus
("The Face of Mercy")  | Francis | Indiction of a Holy Year: The Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy 2015–2016
2024 (May 9)  | Spes non confundit
("Hope does not disappoint")  | Indiction of the 2025 Jubilee

Also note In Coena Domini ("At the Lord's dinner"), a recurrent papal bull issued annually between 1363 and 1770, at first on Holy Thursday, later on Easter Monday.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Pius V's 1570 Bull | EWTN". EWTN Global Catholic Television Network. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
2. ^ Ehler, Sidney Z. and John B. Morrall, Church and State Through the Centuries , (Biblo-Moser, 1988), 23.
3. ^ Damian J. Smith, Innocent III and the Crown of Aragon, (Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2004), 135.
4. ^ Carroll, James, Constantine's sword: the church and the Jews, (Houghton Mifflin Co, 2002), 269-270.
5. ^ Alvis, Robert, White Eagle, Black Madonna: One Thousand Years of the Polish Catholic Tradition, (Fordham University Press, 2016), 10.
6. ^ Peters, Edward (1980). Heresy and authority in medieval Europe:Documents in translation. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 170–173\. ISBN 0-8122-1103-0.
7. ^ a b c Nielsen 2016, p. 161.
8. ^ Morris, Colin, The Papal Monarchy: the Western church from 1050 to 1250, (Oxford University Press, 2001), 442.
9. ^ Frederic Cople Jaher, A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America, (Harvard University Press, 1996), 61.
10. ^ "Bull of Innocent III taking England under his protection". British Library. Retrieved 28 April 2020. (Cotton Charter VIII 24)
11. ^ Barchet, Bruno Aguilera. A History of Western Public Law: Between Nation and State, (Springer, 2015), p. 139 note48.
12. ^ Har, Katherine (9 July 2015). "Papal Overlordship of England: The Making of an Escape Clause for Magna Carta". British Library: Medieval manuscripts blog. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
13. ^ Patterson, M. W. (1929). A History of the Church of England (PDF). London: Longmans, Green & Co. pp. 115–6, 156–7.
14. ^ "The papal bull annulling Magna Carta". British Library. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020. (Cotton MS Cleopatra E I, ff. 155–156)
15. ^ Ottenberg, Louis (June 1957). "Magna Charta Documents: The Story Behind the Great Charter". American Bar Association Journal. 43 (6): 495–498, 569–572\. JSTOR 25720021.
16. ^ Stern, Mortiz, Urkundliche Beiträge über die Stellung der Päpste zu den Juden, (H.Fiencke:Kiel, 1893), 13.
17. ^ Bagliani 2002a, p. 734.
18. ^ Gobry, Ivan, Saint Francis of Assisi, (Ignatius Press, 2003), 198.
19. ^ "Mira circa Nos", Papal Encyclicals Online
20. ^ Leff, Gordon, Heresy in the later Middle Ages, (Manchester University Press, 1967), 65.
21. ^ Ames, Christine Caldwell, Righteous persecution: inquisition, Dominicans, and Christianity in the Middle Ages, (University of Pennsylvania, 2009), p-6.
22. ^ Miola, Robert S. (2007). Early Modern Catholicism: An Anthology of Primary Sources. Oxford University Press. pp. 480–481.
23. ^ Deutsch, Gotthard; Jacobs, Joseph (1906). "The Popes". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
24. ^ a b c "Popes, The", Jewish Encyclopedia
25. ^ Max Perlbach, Preussische Regesten bis zum Ausgange des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts, (Ferds. Beyer vormals Th. Theile's buchhandlung, 1876), 41. (in German)
26. ^ Bagliani 2002, p. 655.
27. ^ Prudlo 2015, p. 85.
28. ^ Iben Fonnesberg-Schmidt, The Popes and the Baltic Crusades: 1147–1254 (Brill, 2007), pp. 197–198.
29. ^ Jackson, p. 13
30. ^ "Papal Bulls". Encyclopaedia Judaica. 2008. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
31. ^ Fonnesberg-Schmitt, I.,The Popes and the Baltic Crusades, (U. of Cambridge, 2007), 225.
32. ^ Thomsett, Michael C., The Inquisition: A History, (MacFarland & Co. Inc., 2010), 118.
33. ^ Gwynne, Paul G. (2018). Francesco Benci's Quinque Martyres: Introduction, Translation and Commentary. Brill. p. 507.
34. ^ Iben Fonnesberg-Schmidt, The Popes and the Baltic Crusades: 1147–1254 (Brill, 2007), p. 228.
35. ^ a b Jackson, p. 88
36. ^ Jackson, p. 90
37. ^ Bernecker & Herbers 2013, p. 72.
38. ^ Jackson, pp. 93-94
39. ^ Grayzel, Solomon (1966). The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth century. pp. 274–275.
40. ^ "Quae honorem conditoris omnium", Papal Encyclicals Online
41. ^ A History of the Crusades, Vol.3, Ed. Harry W Hazard, (University of Wisconsin Press, 1975), 522.
42. ^ Schaff, Philip and David Schley Schaff, History of the Christian church, Vol.1, (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1907), 523.
43. ^ Aston, Trevor Henry; Catto, J. I., eds. (1984). The History of the University of Oxford Volume I: The Early Oxford Schools. Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780199510115. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
44. ^ Pope Alexander IV, "Clara claris praeclara", Franciscan Archives
45. ^ "Capitulo seis".
46. ^ "Capítulo ocho".
47. ^ Torrell, Jean-Pierre (1993). "Séculiers et mendiants ou Thomas d'Aquin au naturel". Revue des sciences religieuses. 67 (2): 19–40\. doi:10.3406/rscir.1993.3223.
48. ^ Peters, Edward (1996). Torture (Expanded ed.). University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 65.
49. ^ Bailey, Michael D. (2010). Battling demons : witchcraft, heresy, and reform in the late Middle Ages. Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 35. ISBN 978-0271022260. OCLC 652466611.
50. ^ Bell, Harold Idris (July 1921). "A List of Original Papal Bulls and Briefs in the Department of Manuscripts, British Museum". The English Historical Review. 36 (143): 407. JSTOR 552470.
51. ^ "Papal Bull, 1261". The National Archives. Retrieved 2025-02-24.
52. ^ a b Peter Jackson, Mongols and the West, p. 166
53. ^ a b Mayer, Hans Eberhard (February 15, 1978). "Ibelin versus Ibelin". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 122, no. 1\. pp. 51–56\. ISBN 9781422370858.
54. ^ Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Pope:The Pontiff from St.Peter to John Paul II, (HarperCollins, 2000), 218.
55. ^ "Parvus Fons : Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance: OCSO". ocso.org.
56. ^ Thomsett, 118.
57. ^ "Gregory X: Letter on Jews, (1271-76): Against the Blood Libel", Internet Medieval Sourcebook, Fordham University
58. ^ Biller, Bruschi & Sneddon 2011, p. 43.
59. ^ Pope Nicholas III, "Exiit qui seminat", Franciscan Archives
60. ^ a b Wieruszowski, H.. "Martin IV, Pope." New Catholic Encyclopedia. 2003. HighBeam Research. (October 14, 2012)
61. ^ a b c d e Ryan, James D. (November 1998). "Christian wives of Mongol khans: Tartar queens and missionary expectations in Asia". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 8 (9): 411–421\. doi:10.1017/s1356186300010506. S2CID 162220753.
62. ^ Pope Nicholas IV, "Supra Motem", Franciscan Archives
63. ^ Mitja Velikonja, Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina, transl. Rang'ichi Ng'inga, (Texas A&M University Press, 2003), 35
64. ^ "Celestine V Bull of Pardon".
65. ^ "The Celestinian Forgiveness - l'Osservatore Romano".
66. ^ "Pope Francis and the message of forgiveness from l'Aquila". 4 August 2022.
67. ^ Robertson, James Craigie, History of the Christian church, Vol.6, (Pott, Young and Co., 1874), 317-318.
68. ^ Oestereich, Thomas. "Pope Boniface VIII." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 23 Jul. 2014
69. ^ Chaplais, Pierre, English diplomatic practice in the Middle Ages, (Hambledon and London, 2003), 79.
70. ^ Glasgow medical journal, Vol.64, Glasgow and West of Scotland Medical Association, Royal Medico-Chirurgical Society of Glasgow, Ed. Thomas Kirkpatrick Monro, M.D. and George Henry Edington, M.D., (Alex Macdougal, 1905), 324.
71. ^ a b c The Bull "In Coena Domini", John Hatchard & Son, London, 1848
72. ^ F. E. Peters, The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition, Vol.II, (Princeton University Press, 2003), 145.
73. ^ Pope Clement V, "Exivi de paradiso", Franciscan Archive
74. ^ Jackson, p. 258
75. ^ Barber, Malcolm, The Trial of the Templars, (Cambridge University Press, 2006), 293.
76. ^ Barber, 293.
77. ^ Dillon, Charles Raymond, Templar Knights and the Crusades, (iUniverse, Inc., 2005), 191.
78. ^ Nick Havely, Dante and the Franciscans: Poverty and the Papacy in the "Commedia", (Cambridge University Press, 2004), 41, 73.
79. ^ Dillon, 194.
80. ^ William Caferro, 'Empire, Italy, and Florence', in Dante in Context, edited Z. Baranski and L Pertile, C.U.P., 2015, pp.28.
81. ^ Gordon Leff, Heresy in the Later Middle Ages: The Relation of Heterodoxy to Dissent, c.1250-c.1450, (Manchester University Press, 1999), 158.
82. ^ "Sarcasm and its Consequences in Diplomacy and Politics in Medieval Italy", Nicolino Applauso, Words that Tear the Flesh: Essays on Sarcasm in Medieval and Early Modern , ed. Stephen Alan Baragona, and Elizabeth Louise Rambo, (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2018), 134.
83. ^ "The Life of Marsilius of Padua", Frank Godthardt, A Companion to Marsilius of Padua, ed.Gerson Moreno-Riano and Cary Nederman, (Brill, 2012), 17.
84. ^ Poverty and Charity: Pope John XXII and the canonization of Louis of Anjou, Melanie Brunner, Franciscan Studies, Vol. 69 (2011), 231.
85. ^ Two views of John XII as a Heretical Pope, Patrick Nold, Defenders and Critics of Franciscan Life: Essays in Honor of John V. Fleming, Vol. 6, edited by Michael F. Cusato, Guy Geltner, (Brill, 2009), 142.
86. ^ Anderson 2012, p. 109.
87. ^ The Papacy and the Crusade in XV Century Portugal, Luis Adao de Fonseca, Maria Christina Pimenta and Paula Pinto Costa, The Papacy and the Crusades, ed. Michel Balard, (Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2011), 143.
88. ^ "Cum inter nonnullos". franciscan-archive.org. 2007. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
89. ^ G. R. Evans, Fifty Key Medieval Thinkers, (Routledge, 2002), 151.
90. ^ "John XXII".
91. ^ Kiekens, Ine. 2017. 'A Heretic in Groenendaal? The Impact of In Agro Dominico in the Low Countries in the Light of Vanden Twaelf Dogheden' Medieval Mystical Theology 26 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1080/20465726.2017.1321196.
92. ^ "Benedictus Deus". papalencyclicals.net. 2008. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
93. ^ "Where Jesus Walked: Franciscans Guard the Grace of the Holy Places". ncregister.com. NCR. May 27, 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2025.
94. ^ Voices of the Reformation: Contemporary Accounts of Daily Life, ed. John A. Wagner, (ABC-CLIO, 2015), xx.
95. ^ a b Housley, Norman. Religious Warfare in Europe 1400-1536, Oxford University Press, 2002 ISBN 9780198208112
96. ^ ""Notable Acquisitions", Stanford University Library". Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2014-07-26.
97. ^ Gabriel, Astrik L. "Sapientie Immarcessibilis. A Diplomatic and Comparative Study of the Bull of Foundation of the University of Louvain[dead link] (December 9, 1425)." The Catholic Historical Review. 1997.
98. ^ Syon Abbey and Its Books:Origins, Influences and Transitions, E.A. Jones and Alexandra Walsham, Syon Abbey and Its Books: Reading, Writing and Religion, C.1400-1700, ed. Edward Alexander Jones, Alexandra Walsham, (Boydell Press, 2010), 6.
99. ^ Stark, Rodney, For the glory of God, (Princeton University Press, 2003), 330.
100. ^ Adiele, Pius O. (2017). The Popes, the Catholic Church and the Transatlantic Enslavement of Black Africans 1418-1839. Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 367–370\. ISBN 978-3-487-42216-9.
101. ^ Stieber, Joachim W., Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire: The Conflict Over Supreme Authority and Power in the Church, Brill, 1978 ISBN 9789004052406
102. ^ Van der Essen, Léon. "The Council of Florence." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 24 Jul. 2014
103. ^ Davies, Norman. Europe: A History. p.446-448. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1996. ISBN 0-19-820171-0
104. ^ Graetz, H, "History of the Jews", Volume 4, (Jewish Publication Society of America, 1894), 250.
105. ^ Raiswell, Richard. "Eugene IV, Papal bulls of", The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery, Junius P. Rodriguez ed., ABC-CLIO, 1997 ISBN 9780874368857
106. ^ European treaties bearing on the history of the United States and its Dependencies to 1648, ed. Frances Gardiner Davenport, p. 12
107. ^ Graetz, H, "History of the Jews", Volume 4, (Jewish Publication Society of America, 1894), 253.
108. ^ Shlomo Simonsohn, Between Scylla and Charybdis: The Jews in Sicily, (BRILL, 2011), 142.
109. ^ "The Papal Bull". University of Glasgow. 2011. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
110. ^ Graetz, H, "History of the Jews", Volume 4, (Jewish Publication Society of America, 1894), 254.
111. ^ Shlomo Simonsohn, 142.
112. ^ Mapping Territories, Shaunnagh Dorsett, Jurisprudence of Jurisdiction, Ed. Shaun McVeigh, (Routledge, 2007), 144.
113. ^ Norman Housley, Crusading and the Ottoman Threat, 1453–1505 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 18.
114. ^ a b Prestage, Edgar. "Portugal." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 27 Jul. 2014
115. ^ Mapping Territories, Shaunnagh Dorsett, Jurisprudence of Jurisdiction, 144-145.
116. ^ Ludwig Pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages, Volume II (London: John Hodges, 1891), p. 349.
117. ^ "European Treaties bearing on the History of the United States and its Dependencies to 1648/Document 02 -". Wikisource, the free online library. Retrieved 2024-07-14.
118. ^ Ludwig Pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages, Volume II (London: John Hodges, 1891), p. 400.
119. ^ Ludwig Pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages, Volume III (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Co., 1894), p. 24.
120. ^ Ludwig Pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages, Volume III (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Co., 1894), p. 46.
121. ^ Ludwig Pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages, Volume III (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Co., 1894), p. 98.
122. ^ Michael J. Lacey and Francis Oakley, The Crisis of Authority in Catholic Modernity, (Oxford University Press, 2011), 37.
123. ^ Ruth Rubinstein, 'Pius II and Roman ruins', Renaissance Studies Vol. 2, No. 2 (October 1988), p. 199.
124. ^ Kenneth Meyer Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 (American Philosophical Society, 1976), p. 261.
125. ^ Pérez, Joseph and Janet Lloyd, The Spanish Inquisition: A History, (Yale University Press, 2005), 19.
126. ^ Ludwig Pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages, Volume IV (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Co., 1894), p. 341.
127. ^ Verzijl, J. H. W., International law in historical perspective, Vol.4, (A.W. Sijthoff, 1971), 16.
128. ^ Lea, Henry Charles, A History of the Inquisition of Spain, Vol.1, (The Macmillan Company, 1906), 587.[1]
129. ^ (ES), Bernardino Llorca, Bulario pontificio de la Inquisición española, (Pontifica Universita Gregoriana, 1949), 67.
130. ^ Liviu Pilat, 'The 1487 crusade: a turning point in the Moldavian-Polish relations', in Liviu Pilat and Bogdan-Petru Maleon (eds.), Medieval and Early Modern Studies for Central and Eastern Europe: II (2010) (Iași: Alexandru Ioa Cruza University Press, 2010), p. 129.
131. ^ Biller 2022, p. 447.
132. ^ Kenneth Meyer Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 (American Philosophical Society, 1976), p. 403.
133. ^ "Foundation Bull of the University of King's College, Aberdeen. Digital image. Transcript". abdn.primo.exlibrisgroup.com. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
134. ^ "Record View | Archive Collections | University of Aberdeen". calm.abdn.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
135. ^ "The Vatican". Catholic Encyclopedia. 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
136. ^ Kenneth Meyer Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571 (American Philosophical Society, 1976), p. 527.
137. ^ Loughlin, James. "Colonna." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 23 Jul. 2014
138. ^ Bakker, Paul and J. M. M. H. Thijssen, Mind, cognition and representation, (Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2007), 134.
139. ^ Benigni, Umberto (1913). "Montes Pietatis" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10.
140. ^ Jon Arrizabalaga, John Henderson, and Roger Kenneth French, The Great Pox: The French Disease in Renaissance Europe, (Yale University Press, 1997), 170.
141. ^ Oakley 1985, p. 78.
142. ^ Guidi, Remo L. "Leone X e la definitiva divisione dell'ordine dei Minori (OMin.): La Bolla Ite vos (29 Maggio 1517)." (2004): 575-577.
143. ^ The Sacrament of Penance at the Council: Innovation As a Confirmation of the Centuries-Old Tradition of Confession, Roberto Rusconi, "The Cambridge Companion to the Council of Trent", ed.Nelson H. Minnich, Cambridge University Press, page 143.
144. ^ Gouwens, Kenneth and Sheryl E. Reiss, The Pontificate of Clement VII: History, Politics, Culture, (Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2005), 363.
145. ^ Hanke, Lewis (1937-04-01). "Pope Paul III and the American Indians". The Harvard Theological Review. 30 (2): 65–102\. doi:10.1017/s0017816000022161. JSTOR 1508245. S2CID 162725228.
146. ^ Saraiva, António José (2001). The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536-1765. Translated by H.P. Salomon; I.S.D. Sassoon. Brill. p. 17\. ISBN 978-90-04-12080-8.
147. ^ Saraiva 2001, p. 28.
148. ^ The New Cambridge modern history, Vol II, Ed. G.R. Elton, (Cambridge University Press, 2004), 257.
149. ^ Rothman 2012, p. 149.
150. ^ Jonathan Seitz, Witchcraft and Inquisition in Early Modern Venice, (Cambridge University Press, 2011), 31.
151. ^ The Church and Reform, R. V. Laurence, The Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 2, ed. A.W. Ward, G.W. Prothero and Stanley Leathes,(Cambridge University Press, 1907), 655.
152. ^ Ludwig Freiherr von Pastor, The History of the Popes:From the Close of the Middle Ages, Vol. XIV, transl. Ralph Francis Kerr, (Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co. Ltd, 1924), 388-389.
153. ^ Leon Poliakov, Jewish Bankers and the Holy See, (Routledge, 1977)
154. ^ Bulman, Raymond F. and Frederick J. Parrella, From Trent to Vatican II: historical and theological investigations, (Oxford University Press, 2006), 20.
155. ^ Leszek Kołakowski, God owes Us Nothing, (University of Chicago Press, 1998), 4.
156. ^ Borde (Lyon), Pierre; Arnaud (Lyon), Laurent (1673). Magnum Bullarium Romanum: a Pio Quarto vsque ad Innocentium IX (in Latin). sumpt. Laurentij Arnaud & Petri Borde. pp. 213–214 (Digital Page).
157. ^ Krinsky, Carol Herselle. 1996. Synagogues of Europe: Architecture, History, Meaning. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-29078-6. p. 118.
158. ^ "bolla papale di Pio V". archeologiavocidalpassato (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-02-10.
159. ^ Freiberg, Jack (2019). "The Heraldic Ceilings of the Lateran Basilica". di sotto in su: Soffitti nel Rinascimento a Roma [from below to above: Ceilings in the Renaissance in Rome]. Palombri. p. 40\. ISBN 978-88-6060-776-8.
160. ^ Freiberg, Jack (1988). "The Lateran and Clement VIII". Dissertation, Ph.D, Department of Fine Arts, New York University: Appendix B.
161. ^ Butler, Alban and Michael J. Walsh, Butler's lives of the saints, (HarperCollins, 1991), 128.
162. ^ Brandfon, Fredric (2023). Intimate Strangers: A History of Jews and Catholics in the City of Rome. University of Nebraska Press. p. 143.
163. ^ Salo Wittmayer Baron (January 1970). A Social and Religious History of the Jews: Late Middle Ages and the era of European expansion, 1200-1650. COLUMBIA University Press. p. 52\. ISBN 978-0-231-08851-0. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
164. ^ Levillain, Philippe (2002). The Papacy: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. p. 772\. ISBN 0-415-92230-5.
165. ^ Pope Sixtus V, "Triumphantis Hierusalem", Papal Encyclicals Online
166. ^ Lopez, Angel (2010-06-22). "Pope Gregory XIV (1535–1591)". Retrieved 2025-03-14.
167. ^ Kellerman, C. J. (2022). All Oppression Shall Cease: A History of Slavery, Abolitionism, and the Catholic Church. United States: Orbis Books.
168. ^ The mystery of Mary by Paul Haffner 2004 ISBN 0-85244-650-0 page 120
169. ^ Robert S. Westman, Two Cultures or One?: A Second Look at Kuhn's The Copernican Revolution, Isis, Vol. 85, No. 1, Mar., 1994, 104.
170. ^ Brian E. Strayer, Suffering Saints: Jansenists and Convulsionnaires in France, 1640-1799, (Sussex Academic Press, 2012), 67.
171. ^ Tedeschi, John (1987). "Literary piracy in seventeenth-century Florence: Giovanni Battista Neri's De iudice S. inquisitionis opusculum". Huntington Library Quarterly. 50 (2): 107–118.
172. ^ "Martyrs' Shrine Archives & Research Library". martyrs-shrine.com. 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
173. ^ Doyle, William, Jansenism, (MacMillan Press Ltd., 2000), 26.
174. ^ Alzog, Johannes (1878). Pabisch, Francis Joseph; Byrne, Thomas Sebastian (eds.). Manual of Universal Church History vol. 3. Cincinnati, OH: Robert Clarke & Co. p. 502\. ISBN 9780790541822. Retrieved 14 October 2017. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
175. ^ Anura Gurugé, The Next Pope, (WOWNH, 2010), 115.
176. ^ Cunningham, James J. (2006). Summa Theologiae: Volume 57, Baptism and Confirmation: 3a. 66-72. Cambridge University Press. p. 112\. ISBN 9780521029650.
177. ^ Carlen, Claudia (1990). Papal Pronouncements, a Guide, 1740-1978: Benedict XIV to Paul VI. Pierian Press. p. 6\. ISBN 9780876502730. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
178. ^ Wisch, B., Jones, P. M., & Ditchfield, S. (Eds.). (2019). A companion to early modern Rome, 1492–1692 [E-book]. Brill. p. 240.
179. ^ Aron-Beller, K. (2019). Ghettoization: The papal enclosure and its Jews. In C. Bellitto, G. D’Onofrio, & P. Nold (Eds.), A companion to early modern Rome, 1492–1692 (pp. 281–297). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004391963_017
180. ^ Stow, K. R. (2016). Anna and Tranquillo: Catholic Anxiety and Jewish Protest in the Age of Revolutions. United Kingdom: Yale University Press. p. 81.
181. ^ Landau, P., & Pennington, K. (Eds.). (2018). Bulletin of medieval canon law, new series, volume 35: An annual review (pp. 301–304). The Catholic University of America Press.
182. ^ "Beatus Andreas - Pope Benedict XIV". Archived from the original on 2013-06-20. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
183. ^ https://novusordowatch.org/wp-content/uploads/piusvi-auctorem-fidei.pdf [bare URL PDF]
184. ^ Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, 339.
185. ^ Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Aprilbeweging" (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.
186. ^ "Catholic Church News" (PDF). The New York Times. August 27, 1886. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
187. ^ Francis J. Buckley, Growing in the Church: From Birth to Death, (University Press of America, 2000), 33.
188. ^ Edward T. Oakes and David Moss, The Cambridge companion to Hans Urs von Balthasar, (Cambridge University Press, 2004), 65.

## Sources

[edit]

* Anderson, C. Colt (2012). "The Six Errors: Hus on Simony". In Bellitto, Christopher M.; Flanagin, David Zachariah (eds.). Reassessing Reform: A Historical Investigation into Church Renewal. The Catholic University of America Press.
* Bagliani, Agostino Paravincini (2002). "Gregory IX". In Levillain, Philippe (ed.). The Papacy. Vol. 2:Gaius-Proxies. Routledge.
* Bagliani, Agostino Paravincini (2002a). "Honorius III". In Levillain, Philippe (ed.). The Papacy. Vol. 2:Gaius-Proxies. Routledge.
* Bernecker, Walther L.; Herbers, Klaus (2013). Geschichte Portugals. Verlag W. Kohlhammer.
* Biller, Peter; Bruschi, C.; Sneddon, S., eds. (2011). Inquisitors and Heretics in Thirteenth-Century Languedoc: Edition and Translation of Toulouse Inquisition Depositions, 1273-1282. Brill.
* Biller, Peter (2022). "Helping the Poor and Healing the Sick". In Benedetti, Marina; Cameron, Euan (eds.). A Companion to the Waldenses in the Middle Ages. Brill. pp. 422–444.
* Maxwell, John Francis (1975). Slavery and the Catholic Church : The history of catholic teaching concerning the moral legitimacy of the institution of slavery. Barry Rose Publishers.
* Nielsen, Torben K. (2016). "Celestine III and the North". In Doran, John; Smith, Damian J. (eds.). Pope Celestine III (1191-1198): Diplomat and Pastor. Routledge. pp. 159–178.
* Oakley, Francis (1985). The Western Church in the Later Middle Ages. Cornell University Press.
* Prudlo, Donald S. (2015). Certain Sainthood: Canonization and the Origins of Papal Infallibility in. Cornell University Press.
* Rothman, E. Natalie (2012). Brokering Empire: Trans-Imperial Subjects Between Venice and Istanbul. Cornell University Press.

## External links

[edit]

* Theology Library, with a list[dead link]
* Cherubini Laertius: Magnum Bullarium Romanum

* v
* t
* e

Papacy

Episcopate of the bishop of Rome

Jurisdiction|

| Holy See
(full communion)|

* Pope Leo XIV as bishop of the Diocese of Rome
* primacy
* history

| Vatican City
(index, outline)|

* Enclaved in Rome, Italy
* Lateran Treaty, 1929
* along with extraterritorial properties of the Holy See

|

Headquarters|

* Vatican City:
* Apostolic Palace
* papal apartments
* Sistine Chapel
* Italy:
* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (cathedra)

Major basilicas|

* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
* St. Peter's Basilica
* Basilica of Saint Mary Major
* Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

Titles
(Papal names)|

* His Holiness
* Bishop of Rome
* Vicar of Jesus Christ
* Successor of the Prince of the Apostles
* Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church
* Patriarch of the West
* Primate of Italy
* Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province
* Sovereign of the Vatican City State
* Servant of the servants of God

Symbols|

* Coats of arms
* Coat of arms of the Holy See
* Cross
* Keys of Heaven
* Regalia and insignia
* Rota
* Umbraculum

Proclamations|

* Infallibility
* Apostolic constitution
* Bull
* list
* Encyclical
* Apostolic exhortation
* Ecclesiastical letter
* Interdict

Activities|

* Arbitration
* deposition
* Blessing
* "pontifical"
* Urbi et Orbi
* Conclave
* list
* Coronation
* Consistory
* Diplomacy
* Inauguration
* Mass
* High Mass
* Travel

Vestments|

* Camauro
* Falda
* Fanon
* Ferula
* Flabellum
* Mantle
* Mitre
* Mozzetta
* Pallium
* Ring of the Fisherman
* Shoes
* slippers
* Subcinctorium
* Tiara
* list
* Zucchetto

Transportation|

* Popemobile
* Sedia gestatoria
* Shepherd One

Household|

* Camerlengo
* Commander of the Swiss Guard
* Chaplain
* Palatinus
* papal majordomo
* Gentlemen
* Preacher
* Prefect
* Prelate of Honour
* Prince assistant
* Theologian

Staff|

* College of Cardinals
* cardinals
* list
* Roman Curia
* Apostolic Camera
* commissions
* for Vatican City State
* councils
* congregations
* dicasteries
* Synods
* Cappella Giulia
* Sistine Chapel Choir

Related|

* Antipope
* Western Schism
* Canonised popes
* Fat pope, thin pope
* Gammarelli
* Legends
* Orders, decorations, and medals
* Papabile
* Papal nobility
* "Black"
* Pontifical academy
* Pontifical colleges in Rome
* Major Seminary
* Pontifical university
* in Rome
* Popes by country
* Sexually active popes
* St. Peter's Square
* Swiss Guard

* Vatican City portal
* Catholic Church portal

*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template