List of patriarchs of Antioch

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The Patriarch of Antioch was the head of the Church of Antioch. According to tradition, the bishopric of Antioch was established by Saint Peter in the 1st century AD and was later elevated to the status of patriarchate by the First Council of Nicaea in 325.[1] The church first underwent schism after the deposition of Eustathius in 330 over the issue of the Arian controversy and persisted until its resolution in 414.[2]

After the Council of Chalcedon of 451, the church suffered division until the deposition of Patriarch Severus of Antioch in 518 resulted in a permanent schism from which two separate lines of patriarchs emerged. The Non-Chalcedonian supporters of Severus went on to form what is now known as the Syriac Orthodox Church, whilst the Chalcedonians developed the church now known as the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch.

## List of patriarchs

[edit]

### Bishops of Antioch to 324

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, all information is derived from Chronologies of the Ancient World: Names, Dates and Dynasties and The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, as noted in the bibliography below.[3]

1. Peter I (c. 37/47–c. 53/54)[4][a]
2. Evodius (c. 53/54–c. 68/83)[b]
3. Ignatius (c. 68–c. 107 or c. 83–115)[c]
4. Heron I (c. 107/116–c. 127/128)[d]
5. Cornelius (c. 127/128–c. 142/154)[e]
6. Heron II (c. 142–c. 169 or c. 154–c. 164)[f]

vacant (c. 164–c. 169)[g]
7. Theophilus (c. 169–182)[h]
8. Maximus I (182–190/191)[i]
9. Serapion (190/191–211/212)[j]
10. Asclepiades (211–220)[k]
11. Philetus (220–231)[l]
12. Zebinnus (231–237)[m]
13. Babylas (237–250/251)[n]
14. Fabius (250/251–253/256)[o]
15. Demetrius (253/256–260/261)[p]
16. Paul (260–268)[q]
17. Domnus I (268–273)[r]
18. Timaeus (273–279/280)[s]
19. Cyril (279/280–303)[t]
20. Tyrannion (304–314)
21. Vitalis (314–320)[u]
22. Philogonius (320–324)

### Patriarchs of Antioch from 324 to 360

[edit]

1.   2. Eustathius (324–330)
3. Paulinus I (330)[v]

Eulalius (331–332)
Euphronius (332–333)
Flacillus (333–342)[w]
Stephen I (342–344)
Leontius (344–357)[x]
Eudoxius (358–359)
Annanius (359)

### Patriarchs of Antioch from 360 to 414

[edit]

Meletian line

1.   2. Meletius (360–381)
3. Flavian I (381–404)
4. Porphyrus (404–414)[y]

Arian line

* Euzoius (360/361–376)[z]
* Dorotheus (376–381)

Nicene line

* Paulinus II (362–388)
* Evagrius (388–392/393)

Apollinarist line

* Vitalis (375)

|
|
|

### Patriarchs of Antioch from 414 to 518

[edit]

1.   2. Alexander (414–417)[aa]
3. Theodotus (417–428)[ab]
4. John I (429–441)[ac]
5. Domnus II (441–449)[ad]

Chalcedonian line

1.   2. Maximus II (450–455)[ae]
3. Basil (456–458)[af]
4. Acacius (458–459)[ag]
5. Martyrius (459–471)[ah]

Peter II (471)[ai]
6. Julian (471–475)[aj]

Peter II (475–477)[ak]
John II Codonatus (477)[al]
7. Stephen II (477–479)[am]
8. Stephen III (disputed)[an]
9. Calendion (479–484)[ao]

Peter II (485–488)[ap]
10. Palladius (488–498)[aq]
11. Flavian II (498–512)
12. Severus (512–518)

Non-Chalcedonian line

1.   2. Maximus II (450–455)[ae]

Basil (456–458)[af]
Acacius (458–459)[ag]
3. Martyrius (459–471)[ah]
4. Peter II (471)[ai]

Julian (471–475)[aj]
Peter II (475–477)[ak]
John II Codonatus (477)[al]
Stephen II (477–479)[am]
Stephen III (disputed)[an]
Calendion (479–484)[ao]
Peter II (485–488)[ap]
5. Palladius (488–498)[aq]
6. Flavian II (498–512)
7. Severus (512–518)

|

### Patriarchs of Antioch from 518 to present

[edit]

* List of Greek Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch
* List of Syriac Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch
* List of Latin patriarchs of Antioch
* List of Maronite patriarchs of Antioch
* List of Syriac Catholic patriarchs of Antioch
* List of Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch

## References

[edit]

Notes

1. ^ The traditions tying Peter to Antioch are rather late, and the traditions explicitly saying he served in the office of bishop while in Antioch are even later. Paul Parvis suggests they may have spread after the Synod of Antioch of 341. Still, most churches accept Peter's role in the early Antiochene church as service as bishop, even if the terminology was different in older writings.[5]
2. ^ Evodius' accession is placed in AD 41 by the Chronicle of John Malalas, in AD 44 by Jerome's Chronicle, and AD 45/46 by the Armenian version of Eusebius' Chronicle.[6] However, modern historians place Evodius' accession in c. 53,[7] or c. 54.[8] The end of Evodius' episcopate is placed either in c. 68 as per Jerome's Chronicle,[9] or in c. 83.[8]
3. ^ Ignatius' episcopate is placed either in c. 68–c. 107 as per Jerome's Chronicle, or in c. 83–115 from the Chronicle of John Malalas.[10]
4. ^ Heron I's accession is placed either in c. 107 as per Jerome's Chronicle,[9] or in 116 from the Chronicle of John Malalas.[11]
5. ^ The end of Cornelius' episcopate is placed either in c. 142 as per Jerome's Chronicle,[11] or in 154.[9]
6. ^ Heron II's episcopate is placed either in c. 142–c. 169 as per Jerome's Chronicle,[11] or in c. 154–c. 164.[9]
7. ^ Heron II's episcopate may have ended in c. 169, and thus no vacancy may have taken place.[11]
8. ^ The end of Theophilus' episcopate is placed in 177 by Eusebius' Chronicle, whereas others give 182,[9] or c. 188 as per Sextus Julius Africanus.[12]
9. ^ Maximus I's accession is placed either in 177 by Eusebius' Chronicle,[13] in 182,[9] or in c. 188 as per Sextus Julius Africanus.[12] The end of Maximus I's episcopate is placed either in 190,[14] or 191.[9]
10. ^ Serapion's accession is placed either in 190,[14] 191,[9] or 198/199.[13]
11. ^ The episcopate of Asclepiades is placed in 211–218,[15] 211/212–217/218,[16] or 211–220.[17]
12. ^ The episcopate of Philetus is placed in either 217/218–230/231,[16] or 220–231.[18]
13. ^ The end of Zebinnus' episcopate is placed either in 237,[19] or in 240.[20]
14. ^ Babylas' accession is placed either in 237,[19] or in 240.[20] The end of Babylas' episcopate is placed in 250/251,[21] or in 253.[9]
15. ^ The accession of Fabius is placed either in 250/251,[22] or in 253.[9] The end of Fabius' episcopate is placed in 253,[20] or in 256.[9]
16. ^ The accession of Demetrius is placed in 253,[20] or in 256.[9]
17. ^ The episcopate of Paul is placed in either 260–268,[23] or c. 260–268/269.[20]
18. ^ The end of Domnus I's episcopate is placed either in 271/272,[24] or in 273.[9][20]
19. ^ The end of Timaeus' episcopate is placed either in 279/280,[25] or in 282.[9]
20. ^ Cyril's accession is placed either in 279/280,[25] or in 283.[9]
21. ^ Vitalis' episcopate is alternatively placed in 313–c. 319.[26]
22. ^ Paulinus I is deemed either as Eustathius' predecessor with his episcopate in 323–324,[9] or as his successor in 330.[27]
23. ^ Flacillus' accession is placed either in 333,[28] or in 334.[9]
24. ^ The end of Leontius' episcopate is placed either in 357,[29][9] or in 358.[20]
25. ^ The end of Porphyrus' episcopate is placed either in 412,[30] 413,[29] or 414.[31]
26. ^ Euzoius' accession is placed either in 360,[20][30] or in 361.[32]
27. ^ Alexander's accession is placed either in 412,[30] 412/413,[33] or 414.[31] The end of Alexander's episcopate is placed either in 417,[30][34] 421,[29] or 424.[20]
28. ^ Theodotus' accession is placed either in 417,[30][34] 421,[29] or 424.[20] The end of Theodotus' episcopate is placed either in 428,[30][20] or 429.[34]
29. ^ The end of John I's episcopate is placed either in 441,[28] or 442.[30]
30. ^ Domnus II's accession is placed either in 441,[35] or 442.[20][30]
31. ^ a b Maximus II's accession is placed either in 449,[36] or 450.[37]
32. ^ a b Basil's accession is placed either in 456,[29][30][38] or in 457.[34]
33. ^ a b Acacius' episcopate is placed either in 458,[34] in 458–459,[39] or in 458–461.[30]
34. ^ a b Martyrius' accession is placed either in 459,[40] or in 461.[30] The end of Martyrius' episcopate is placed in 465,[30] 470,[29] or 471.[31]
35. ^ a b Peter II was deposed by Emperor Leo I in 471, but continued to be recognised as patriarch by non-Chalcedonians until his death in 488.
36. ^ a b Julian's episcopate is placed either in 466–474,[30] or in 471–475.[41]
37. ^ a b Peter II's second episcopate is placed in 474–475,[30] or in 475–477.[42]
38. ^ a b The episcopate of John II Codonatus is placed in either 475–490,[30] 476/477,[43] 476–477,[29] or 477.[44]
39. ^ a b Stephen II's episcopate is placed either in 477–479,[45] 479–482,[20] 490–495.[30]
40. ^ a b The existence of Stephen III is supported by the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch and Honigmann,[46][34] however, he is not listed by most modern historians.
41. ^ a b Calendion's episcopate is placed in 479–484,[47] 479–486,[29] or in 482–484.[48]
42. ^ a b Peter II's third episcopate is placed in 484–491,[49] or in 485–488.[48]
43. ^ a b Palladius' accession is placed either in 488,[50] 491,[51] or 496.[30]

Citations

1. ^ Eder & Renger (2007), p. 325.
2. ^ Nicholson (2018), p. 83.
3. ^ Eder & Renger (2007), pp. 325–328; Nicholson (2018), pp. 1631–1632.
4. ^ Downey (1961), p. 282.
5. ^ Parvis (2015), pp. 263–272.
6. ^ Downey (1961), p. 285.
7. ^ Eder & Renger (2007), p. 326; De Giorgi & Eger (2021), p. 92.
8. ^ a b Downey (1961), p. 286.
9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Eder & Renger (2007), p. 326.
10. ^ Downey (1961), p. 292.
11. ^ a b c d Downey (1961), p. 300.
12. ^ a b Downey (1961), p. 303; Rogers (2000), p. 7.
13. ^ a b Downey (1961), p. 303.
14. ^ a b Bockmuehl (2010), p. 78.
15. ^ Eusebius of Caesarea (2019), p. 507.
16. ^ a b Downey (1961), p. 305.
17. ^ Eder & Renger (2007), p. 334; Wilmshurst (2016), p. 18.
18. ^ Eder & Renger (2007), p. 326; Wilmshurst (2016), p. 20.
19. ^ a b Eder & Renger (2007), p. 326; De Giorgi & Eger (2021), p. 131.
20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
21. ^ De Giorgi & Eger (2021), p. 131; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631; Downey (1961), p. 308; Ritter (2007), p. 540.
22. ^ Downey (1961), p. 308; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
23. ^ Wilmshurst (2016), p. 20; Downey (1961), pp. 311, 314–315; Eusebius of Caesarea (2019), p. 507.
24. ^ Downey (1961), p. 316.
25. ^ a b Downey (1961), p. 316; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
26. ^ Burgess (1999), p. 183.
27. ^ Chadwick (2001), pp. 717–718; Shepardson (2014), p. xvi; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
28. ^ a b Chadwick (2001), p. 718; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
29. ^ a b c d e f g h Chadwick (2001), p. 718.
30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Eder & Renger (2007), p. 327.
31. ^ a b c Honigmann (1947), p. 138; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
32. ^ Chadwick (2001), p. 718; Shepardson (2014), p. xvi.
33. ^ Shepardson (2014), p. xvi.
34. ^ a b c d e f Honigmann (1947), p. 138.
35. ^ Chadwick (2001), p. 718; Hainthaler (2013), p. 171; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
36. ^ Chadwick (2001), p. 718; Eder & Renger (2007), p. 327.
37. ^ Honigmann (1947), p. 138; Downey (1961), p. 470; Hainthaler (2013), p. 281; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
38. ^ Whitby (2000), p. 320.
39. ^ Whitby (2000), p. 320; Chadwick (2001), p. 718; Hainthaler (2013), p. 297.
40. ^ Honigmann (1947), p. 138; Chadwick (2001), p. 718; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
41. ^ Honigmann (1947), p. 138; Downey (1961), p. 487; Chadwick (2001), p. 718; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
42. ^ Honigmann (1947), p. 138; Hainthaler (2013), p. 297; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
43. ^ Hainthaler (2013), p. 297.
44. ^ Honigmann (1947), p. 138; Whitby (2000), p. 320.
45. ^ Honigmann (1947), p. 138; Chadwick (2001), p. 718; Hainthaler (2013), p. 297.
46. ^ "Primates of the Apostolic See of Antioch". Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America. Archived from the original on 23 February 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
47. ^ Downey (1961), p. 492; Whitby (2000), p. 320.
48. ^ a b Hainthaler (2013), p. 297; Nicholson (2018), p. 1631.
49. ^ Downey (1961), p. 486.
50. ^ Nicholson (2018), p. 1631; Allen (2011), p. 25; De Giorgi & Eger (2021), p. 198.
51. ^ Allen (2011), p. 25.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Allen, Pauline (2011). "Episcopal Succession in Antioch in the Sixth Century". Episcopal Elections in Late Antiquity. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 23–38.
* Bockmuehl, Markus N. A. (2010). The Remembered Peter: In Ancient Reception and Modern Debate. Mohr Siebeck.
* Burgess, Richard W. (1999). Studies in Eusebian and Post-Eusebian Chronography. Franz Steiner Verlag.
* Chadwick, Henry (2001). The Church in Ancient Society: From Galilee to Gregory the Great. Oxford University Press.
* De Giorgi, Andrea U.; Eger, A. Asa (2021). Antioch: A History. Routledge.
* Downey, Glanville (1961). A History of Antioch in Syria from Seleucus to the Arab Conquest. Princeton University Press. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
* Eusebius of Caesarea (2019). The History of the Church. Translated by Jeremy M. Schott. University of California Press.
* Eder, Walter; Renger, Johannes, eds. (2007). Chronologies of the Ancient World: Names, Dates and Dynasties. Brill.
* Hainthaler, Theresia (2013). Christ in Christian Tradition: Volume 2 Part 3: The Churches of Jerusalem and Antioch from 451 to 600. Translated by Marianne Ehrhardt. Oxford University Press.
* Honigmann, Ernst (1947). "The Patriarchate of Antioch: A Revision of Le Quien and the Notitia Antiochena". Traditio. 5. Cambridge University Press: 135–161\. doi:10.1017/S0362152900013544.
* Nicholson, Oliver, ed. (2018). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press.
* Parvis, Paul (2015). "When Did Peter Become Bishop of Antioch?". In Bond, Helen; Hurtado, Larry (eds.). Peter in Early Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 263–272\. ISBN 978-0-8028-7171-8.
* Ritter, Adolf Martin (2007). "Babylas of Antioch". In Hans Dieter Betz; Don S. Browning; Bernd Janowski; Eberhard Jüngel (eds.). Religion Past & Present: Encyclopedia of Theology and Religion. Vol. 1 (A-Bhu). Brill. p. 540.
* Rogers, Rick (2000). Theophilus of Antioch: The Life and Thought of a Second-century Bishop. Lexington Books.
* Shepardson, Christine (2014). Controlling Contested Places: Late Antique Antioch and the Spatial Politics of Religious Controversy. University of California Press.
* Whitby, Michael (2000). The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius Scholasticus. Liverpool University Press.
* Wilmshurst, David (2016). Bar Hebraeus The Ecclesiastical Chronicle: An English Translation. Gorgias Press.

* v
* t
* e

Patriarchs of Antioch

of the Church of Antioch before 518

* Peter I (c. 37 – c. 53)
* Evodius (c. 53 – c. 69)
* Ignatius (c. 70 – c. 107)
* Herodion (107–127)
* Cornelius (127–154)
* Eros (154–169)
* Theophilus (c. 169 – c. 182)
* Maximus I (182–191)
* Serapion (191–211)
* Ascelpiades (211–220)
* Philetus (220–231)
* Zebinnus (231–237)
* Babylas (237–ca. 250)
* Fabius (253–256)
* Demetrius (c. 256–?)
* Paul of Samosata (260–268)
* Domnus I (268–273)
* Timaeus (273–282)
* Cyril I (283–303)
* Tyrannus (304–314)
* Vitalis (314–320)
* Philogonus (320–323)
* Eustathius (324–330)
* Paulinus I (330)
* Eulalius (331–332)
* Euphronius (332–333)
* Flacillus (333–342)
* Stephen I (342–344)
* Leontius (344–358)
* Eudoxius (358–359)
* Annanios (359)
* Meletius (360–361)

Homoian group|

* Euzoius (361–378)
* Dorotheus (378–381)

Meletian group|

* Meletius (362–381)
* Flavian I (381–404)
* Porphyrus (404–412)
* Alexander (412–417)

Eustathian group|

* Paulinus II (362–388)
* Evagrius (388–393)

Apollonarist group|

* Vitalis (376–?)

* Theodotus (417–428)
* John I (428–442)
* Domnus II (442–449)
* Maximus II (449–455)
* Basil (456–458)
* Acacius (458–461)
* Martyrius (461–469)
* Peter II (469–471)
* Julian (471–476)
* Peter II (476)
* John II Codonatus (476–477)
* Stephen II (477–479)
* Callandion (479–485)
* Peter II (485–488)
* Palladius (488–498)
* Flavian II (498–512)
* Severus I (512–518)

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Patriarchates in Christianity

Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of primates in Christianity, sorted according to earliest apostolic legacy and branched where multiple denominational claimants:
bold blue = Catholic Church, light blue = Eastern Orthodox Church (* unrecognized), bold/light green = Oriental Orthodoxy, italic blue = Nestorianism, bold italic blue = pre-schism

Early
Christianity
(Antiquity)
(30–325/476)|

| Pentarchy
(five
apostolic
sees)|

| Patriarch of Rome (1st cent.)|

* Holy See (since 1st cent.)

|

Patriarch of Constantinople
(451)|

* Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (since 330)
* Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople (1204–1964)
* Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople (since 1461)
* Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate (since 1924*)

Patriarch of Antioch
(1st cent.)|

* Patriarchate of Antioch (1st cent.–518)
* Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch (since 518)
* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch (since 519)
* Maronite Patriarchate (since 685)
* Latin Patriarchate of Antioch (1099–1964)
* Syriac Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch (since 1668)
* Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch (since 1724)

* Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia (since 1058)
* Patriarchate of Cilicia (since 1740)

Patriarch of Alexandria
(1st cent.)|

* Patriarchate of Alexandria (1st cent.–451)
* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria (since 451)
* Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria (since 451)
* Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria (1219–1964)
* Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria (since 1824)

Patriarch of Jerusalem (451)|

* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem (since 451)
* Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem (since 638)
* Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem (since 1099)

Other|

| Patriarch of Carthage (2nd cent.)|

* Patriarch of Carthage (2nd cent.–1076)

|

Patriarch of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
(280)|

* Patriarch of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (280–1552)
* Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad (since 1553)
* Patriarchs of the Church of the East (Eliya line) (1558–1830)
* Patriarchs of the Church of the East (Shimun line) (1692–1830)
* Assyrian Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (since 1830)
* Ancient Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (since 1968)

Patriarch of Armenia (301)|

* Catholicos of All Armenians (Patriarch of Etchmiadzin) (since 301)

* Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia (since 1058)
* Patriarchate of Cilicia (since 1740)

Middle Ages
(476–1517)|

* Patriarchate of Aquileia (568–1751)
* Patriarchate of Grado (725–1451)
* Patriarchate of Bulgaria (919*/927–1018)
* Patriarchate of Georgia (1010–1811)
* Patriarchate of Cyprus (1185*–1191)
* Primate of Bulgaria (1204–1235)
* Tarnovo Patriarchate of Bulgaria (1235–1394)
* Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć (1346*/1375–1463)
* Patriarchate of Venice (since 1451)
* Catholicate of Abkhazia (15.*/16. century–1814)

Early Modern era
(1517–1789) |

* Patriarchate of the West Indies (since 1524)
* Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia (1555–1663)
* Patriarchate of the East Indies (since 1572)
* Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć (1557–1766)
* Patriarchate of Moscow (since 1589)
* Patriarchate of Lisbon (since 1716)

Late Modern era
(since 1789)|

* Patriarchate of Karlovci (1848–1920)
* Patriarchate of Georgia (since 1917*/1990)
* Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć (since 1920)
* Patriarchate of Romania (since 1925)
* Patriarchate of Croatia (*1942–1945)
* Patriarchate of Bulgaria (since 1953)
* Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarchate of Ethiopia (since 1959)
* Patriarchate of Kyiv (1992*–2018; since 2019*)
* Eritrean Orthodox Patriarchate of Eritrea (since 1994)

Related|

* Apostolic Throne
* Episcopal see

* Christianity portal

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