List of philosophers born in the 19th century

Philosophers born in the 19th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:

Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

Contents

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

* See also
* Notes

## A[edit]

* Muhammad Abduh, (1849–1905)[d]
* Robert Adamson, (1852–1902)
* Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, (1839–1897)[d]
* Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, (1890–1963)[b][c][d]
* Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov, (1817–1860)
* Samuel Alexander, (1859–1938)[a][b][c][d]
* B. R. Ambedkar, (1891–1956)
* Henri-Frédéric Amiel, (1821–1881)
* John Anderson, (1893–1962)[b][c][d]
* Roberto Ardigò, (1828–1920)
* Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus, (1894–1975)[d]
* Sri Aurobindo, (1872–1950)[b][c][d]
* Richard Avenarius, (1843–1896)[a][b][c][d]

## B[edit]

* Gaston Bachelard, (1884–1962)[a][b][c][d]
* Alfred Baeumler, (1887–1968)
* Alexander Bain, (1818–1903)[a][b][c]
* Mikhail Bakhtin, (1895–1975)[a][b][c][d]
* Mikhail Bakunin, (1814–1876)[a][b][c][d]
* James Mark Baldwin, (1861–1934)
* Karl Barth, (1886–1968)[b][c][d]
* Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, (1805–1895)
* Georges Bataille, (1897–1962)[a][d]
* Bruno Bauer, (1809–1882)[b][c][d][e]
* David Baumgardt, (1890–1963)[d]
* Oskar Becker, (1889–1964)
* Vissarion Belinsky, (1811–1848)[d]
* Gustave Belot, (1859–1929)
* Julien Benda, (1867–1956)
* Walter Benjamin, (1892–1940)[b][c][d]
* Nikolai Berdyaev, (1874–1948)[a][b][c][d]
* Henri Bergson, (1859–1941)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Eduard Bernstein, (1850–1932)[d]
* Nathan Birnbaum, (1864–1937)
* Brand Blanshard, (1892–1987)[b][c]
* Ernst Bloch, (1885–1977)[a][b][c][d]
* Maurice Blondel, (1861–1949)[a]
* Benjamin Paul Blood, (1832–1919)
* Hermann Blumenau, (1819–1899)
* George Boas, (1891–1980)
* Alexander Bogdanov, (1873–1928)[b][c][d]
* Niels Bohr, (1885–1962)[b][c][d]
* Ludwig Boltzmann, (1844–1906)[a][b][c]
* John Elof Boodin, (1869–1950)
* George Boole, (1815–1864)[b][c][d][e]*
* Bernard Bosanquet, (1848–1923)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Emile Boutroux, (1845–1921)[d]
* Oets Kolk Bouwsma, (1898–1978)[a]
* Borden Parker Bowne, (1847–1910)[d]
* F. H. Bradley, (1846–1924)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Franz Brentano, (1838–1917)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Percy Williams Bridgman, (1882–1961)[b][c][d]
* Edgar S. Brightman, (1884–1953)[b][c]
* C. D. Broad, (1887–1971)[a][b][c][d]
* Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, (1881–1966)[a][b][c][e]
* Orestes Brownson, (1803–1876)[b][c]
* Constantin Brunner, (1862–1937)
* Emil Brunner, (1889–1966)[d]
* Leon Brunschvicg, (1869–1944)[a][b][c][d]
* James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce, (1838–1922)[d]
* Martin Buber, (1878–1965)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Ludwig Büchner, (1824–1899)[d]
* Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov, (1871–1944)[d]
* Rudolf Bultmann, (1884–1976)[b][c][d]
* Jacob Burckhardt, (1818–1897)[b][c]
* Samuel Butler, (1835–1902)[b][c]

## C[edit]

* Cai Yuanpei, (1868–1940)
* Edward Caird, (1835–1908)[a]
* Mary Whiton Calkins, (1863–1930)
* Norman Robert Campbell, (1880–1949)[a][d]
* Georg Cantor, (1845–1918)[a][b][c][d]
* Pantaleo Carabellese, (1877–1948)[a]
* Rudolf Carnap, (1891–1970)[a][b][c][d][e]*
* Lewis Carroll, (1832–1898)[a][b][c][d]
* Paul Carus, (1852–1919)
* Ernst Cassirer, (1874–1945)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Carlo Cattaneo, (1801–1869)[d]
* Emile Auguste Chartier, (1868–1951)
* Nikolai Chernyshevsky, (1828–1889)[d]
* Ch'ien Mu, (1895–1990)[a]
* Leon Chwistek, (1884–1944)
* August Cieszkowski, (1814–1894)[d]
* William Kingdon Clifford, (1845–1879)[a][b][c]
* Chapman Cohen, (1868–1954)
* Hermann Cohen, (1842–1918)[a][b][c][d][e]*
* R. G. Collingwood, (1889–1943)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Josephus Flavius Cook, (1838–1901)
* John Cook Wilson, (1849–1915)[a][c]
* Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy, (1877–1947)
* Hans Cornelius, (1863–1947)
* Antoine Augustin Cournot, (1801–1877)[a][d]
* Louis Couturat, (1868–1914)[a][b][c]
* James Edwin Creighton, (1861–1924)
* Benedetto Croce, (1866–1952)[a][b][c][d]
* Tadeusz Czezowski, (1889–1981)
* Heinrich Czolbe, (1819–1873)[a]

## D[edit]

* Nikolay Danilevsky (1822–1885)
* Charles Darwin, (1809–1882)[d]
* Augustus De Morgan, (1806–1871)[a][b][c][d]
* Francesco de Sanctis, (1817–1883)
* Richard Dedekind, (1831–1916)[a][b][c][d]
* Galvano Della Volpe, (1895–1968)
* Paul Deussen, (1845–1919)
* John Dewey, (1859–1952)[a][b][c][d]
* Albert Venn Dicey, (1835–1922)[d]
* Wilhelm Dilthey, (1833–1911)[a][b][c][d]
* Hugo Dingler, (1881–1954)
* Juan Donoso Cortés (1809–1853)
* Herman Dooyeweerd, (1894–1977)[d]
* Fyodor Dostoevsky, (1821–1881)[d]
* Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch, (1867–1941)
* Emil du Bois-Reymond, (1818–1896)[d]
* Curt Ducasse, (1881–1969)[a][b][c][d]
* Pierre Duhem, (1861–1916)[a][b][c][d]
* Eugen Dühring, (1833–1921)[b][c][d]
* Émile Durkheim, (1858–1917)[b][c][d]
* Manilal Dwivedi, (1858–1898)

## E[edit]

* Julius Ebbinghaus, (1885–1981)
* Arthur Eddington, (1882–1944)
* Mary Baker Eddy, (1821–1910)
* Christian von Ehrenfels, (1856–1932)
* Albert Einstein, (1879–1955)[a][b][c][d]
* George Eliot, (1819–1880)[d]
* Ralph Waldo Emerson, (1803–1882)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Friedrich Engels (1820–1895)[a][b][c][d]
* Rudolf Christoph Eucken, (1846–1926)
* Julius Evola, (1898–1974)

## F[edit]

* Thome H. Fang, (1899–1976)[a]
* Gustav Fechner, (1801–1887)[a][d]
* Feng Youlan, (1895–1990)[a]
* Ernest Fenollosa, (1853–1908)
* Giuseppe Ferrari, (1812–1876)
* James Frederick Ferrier, (1808–1864)[d]
* Ludwig Feuerbach, (1804–1872)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Kuno Fischer, (1824–1907)
* John Fiske, (1842–1901)
* Franciszek Fiszer, (1860–1937)
* Robert Flint, (1838–1910)
* Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii, (1882–1937)[d]
* Georges Florovsky, (1893–1979)
* Jerome Frank, (1889–1957)[d]
* Philipp Frank, (1884–1966)
* Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950)[d]
* Gottlob Frege, (1848–1925)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Sigmund Freud, (1856–1939)[a][b][c][d]
* Hans Freyer, (1887–1969)
* Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov, (1829–1903)[d]

## G[edit]

* Mahatma Gandhi, (1869–1948)[a][b][c][d]
* Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange, (1887–1964)[d]
* Nārāyana Guru, (1856–1928)
* Giovanni Gentile, (1875–1944)[a][b][c][d]
* Otto von Gierke, (1841–1921)
* Charlotte Perkins Gilman, (1860–1935)
* Étienne Gilson, (1884–1978)[a][b][c]
* Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am), (1856–1927)[d]
* Vincenzo Gioberti, (1801–1852)[a][d]
* Arthur de Gobineau, (1816–1882)
* Henry George, (1839–1897)
* Antonio Gramsci, (1891–1937)[a][b][c][d]
* Thomas Hill Green, (1836–1882)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Kurt Grelling, (1886–1942)
* John Grote, (1813–1866)[d]
* D. V. Gundappa, (1889–1975)
* G. I. Gurdjieff, (1872–1949)
* Edmund Gurney, (1847–1888)[d]

## H[edit]

* Paul Häberlin, (1878–1960)
* Ernst Haeckel, (1834–1919)[a][d]
* Axel Hägerström, (1868–1939)[d]
* Béla Hamvas, (1897–1968)
* Eduard Hanslick, (1825–1904)[d]
* Friedrich Harms, (1819–1880)
* William Torrey Harris, (1835–1909)
* Eduard Von Hartmann, (1842–1906)[a][b][c][d]
* Nicolai Hartmann, (1882–1950)[a][b][c][d][e]*
* Charles Hartshorne, (1897–2000)[a][b][c][e]
* Friedrich Hayek, (1899–1992)[b][c][d]
* Rudolf Haym, (1821–1901)
* Martin Heidegger, (1889–1976)[a][b][c][d][e]*
* Hermann von Helmholtz, (1821–1894)[a][d]
* Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, (1857–1894)[d]
* Alexander Herzen, (1812–1870)[a][b][c][d]
* Moses Hess, (1812–1875)[d]
* Sergei Hessen, (1887–1950)[d]
* David Hilbert, (1862–1943)[a][b][c]
* Dietrich von Hildebrand, (1889–1977)
* Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, (1864–1929)[b][c]
* William Ernest Hocking, (1873–1966)[b][c]
* Shadworth Hodgson, (1832–1912)[b][c]
* Eric Hoffer, (1898–1983)[b][c]
* Harald Høffding, (1843–1931)[b][c]
* Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, (1879–1918)[a][d]
* Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., (1841–1935)[d]
* Max Horkheimer, (1895–1973)[a][d]
* Hsiung Shih-li, (1885–1968)[a]
* Hu Shih, (1891–1962)[a]
* Elbert Hubbard, (1856–1915)
* Edmund Husserl, (1859–1938)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Thomas Henry Huxley, (1825–1895)[d]

## I[edit]

* Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in, (1883–1954)[a][d]
* Roman Ingarden, (1893–1970)[a][b][c][d][e]
* William Ralph Inge, (1860–1954)[d]
* Muhammad Iqbal, (1877–1938)[b][c][d]

## J[edit]

* Henry James Sr., (1811–1882)
* William James, (1842–1910)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Alfred Jarry, (1873–1907)
* Karl Jaspers, (1883–1969)[a][b][c][d][e]*
* William Stanley Jevons, (1835–1882)[a][b][c][e]*
* Rudolf von Jhering, (1818–1892)[d]
* Krishnamurti Jiddu, (1895–1986)
* C.E.M. Joad, (1891–1953)
* William Ernest Johnson, (1858–1931)[a][b][c]
* Jørgen Jørgensen, (1894–1969)[b][c]
* Carl Jung, (1875–1961)[a][b][c][d]
* Ernst Jünger, (1895–1998)

## K[edit]

* Kang Youwei, (1858–1927)[a]
* Mordecai Kaplan, (1881–1983)[d]
* Michael Ivanovich Karinski (1840-1917)
* Karl Kautsky, (1854–1938)[b][c][d]
* Konstantin Kavelin (1818–1885)
* Hans Kelsen, (1881–1973)[b][c][d]
* Norman Kemp Smith, (1872–1958)[d]
* John Maynard Keynes, (1883–1946)[a][b][c][d]
* Hermann von Keyserling, (1880–1946)
* Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–1860)
* Søren Kierkegaard, (1813–1855)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Nishida Kitaro (1870–1945)
* Wolfgang Köhler, (1887–1967)[a]
* Feliks Koneczny (1862–1949)
* Alejandro Korn, (1860–1936)[b][c]
* Tadeusz Kotarbiński, (1886–1981)[a][b][c][d]
* Alexandre Koyre, (1892–1964)[d]
* Karl Kraus, (1874–1936)[b][c]
* Jiddu Krishnamurti, (1895–1986)
* Leopold Kronecker, (1823–1891)[d]
* Richard Kroner, (1884–1974)
* Peter Kropotkin, (1842–1921)[a][b][c][d]
* Kuki Shūzō, (1888–1941)[d]

## L[edit]

* Antonio Labriola, (1843–1904)[a][d]
* Jules Lachelier, (1832–1918)[d]
* Pierre Laffitte, (1823–1903)[a]
* Friedrich Albert Lange, (1828–1875)[a][d][e]
* Susanne Langer, (1895–1985)[b][d]
* Ferdinand Lassalle, (1825–1864)[d]
* Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov, (1823–1900)[d]
* Moritz Lazarus, (1824–1903)
* Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy, (1870–1954)[d]
* Adrian LeMors, (1893–1956)
* Vladimir Lenin, (1870–1924)[a][b][c][d]
* Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev, (1831–1891)[d]
* Jules Lequier, (1814–1862)[a]
* Stanisław Leśniewski, (1886–1939)[a][b][c][d]
* Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, (1857–1939)[b][c]
* George Henry Lewes, (1817–1878)
* Kurt Lewin, (1890–1947)[a]
* Clarence Irving Lewis, (1883–1964)[a][b][c][d][e]*
* C. S. Lewis, (1898–1963)[a][d]
* John Lewis, (1889–1976)
* Liang Qichao (or Liang Ch'i-ch'ao), (1873–1929)[a]
* Liang Sou-ming, (1893–1988)[a]
* Karol Libelt, (1807–1875)
* Israel Lipkin, (1810–1883)[e]*
* Émile Littré, (1801–1881)
* Liu Shaoqi (orLiu Shao-ch'i), (1898–1969)[a]
* Karl Nickerson Llywelyn, (1893–1962)[d]
* Alain LeRoy Locke, (1886–1954)
* Alfred Loisy, (1857–1940)[d]
* Jakob Lorber, (1800–1864)
* Aleksei Fedorovich Losev, (1893–1988)[d]
* Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky, (1870–1965)[d]
* Hermann Lotze, (1817–1881)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Arthur O. Lovejoy, (1873–1962)[b][c]
* Georg Lukács, (1885–1971)[a][b][c][d]
* Jan Łukasiewicz, (1878–1956)[a][b][c][d]
* Rosa Luxemburg, (1871–1919)[d]

## M[edit]

* Mikhail Bakhtin, (1895–1975)
* Ernst Mach, (1838–1916)[a][b][c][d][e]
* John Macmurray, (1891–1976)[c]
* Philipp Mainländer, (1841–1876)
* Ernst Mally, (1879–1944)[e]
* Karl Mannheim, (1893–1947)[a][b][c]
* Henry Longueville Mansel, (1820–1871)[a]
* Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung), (1893–1976)[a]
* Gabriel Marcel, (1887–1973)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Herbert Marcuse, (1898–1979)[a][b][c][d]
* Jacques Maritain, (1882–1973)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Harriet Martineau, (1802–1876)[d]
* James Martineau, (1805–1900)[a][b][c]
* Karl Marx, (1818–1883)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, (1850–1937)[b][c][d]
* Fritz Mauthner, (1849–1923)[d]
* James Clerk Maxwell, (1831–1879)[a]12[d]
* James McCosh, (1811–1894)[a]
* William McDougall, (1871–1938)[a]
* John Ellis McTaggart, (1866–1925)[a][b][c][d]
* George Herbert Mead, (1863–1931)[a][b][c][d]
* Georg Mehlis, (born 19th century)
* Friedrich Meinecke, (1862–1954)[d]
* Alexius Meinong, (1853–1920)[a][b][c][d][e]*
* Gregor Mendel, (1822–1884)[a]
* Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, (1856–1912)
* Désiré-Joseph Mercier, (1851–1926)[a]
* Franklin Merrell-Wolff, (1887–1985)
* Emile Meyerson, (1859–1933)[b][c][d]
* Carlo Michelstaedter, (1887–1910)
* Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii, (1842–1904)[d]
* Miki Kiyoshi, (1897–1945)[d]
* John Stuart Mill, (1806–1873)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Ludwig von Mises, (1881–1973)
* William Mitchell, (1861–1962)
* Dimitrije Mitrinovic, (1887–1953)
* W. H. S. Monck (1839–1915)
* Maria Montessori (1870–1952)
* Addison Webster Moore, (1866–1930)
* G. E. Moore, (1873–1958)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Gaetano Mosca, (1858–1941)[a]
* John Henry Muirhead, (1855–1940)
* Max Müller, (1823–1900)

## N[edit]

* Paul Gerhard Natorp, (1854–1924)[e]
* John Neihardt, (1881–1973)
* Leonard Nelson, (1882–1927)
* Otto Neurath, (1882–1945)[b][c][d]
* John Henry Newman, (1801–1890)[a][d]
* H. Richard Niebuhr, (1894–1962)[d]
* Reinhold Niebuhr, (1892–1971)[d]
* Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844–1900)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Nishi Amane, (1829–1897)[d]
* Nishida Kitaro, (1870–1945)[b][c][d][e]
* Shalva Nutsubidze, (1888–1969)
* Anders Nygren, (1890–1978)[d]

## O[edit]

* Georges Ohsawa, (1893–1966)
* Karl Olivecrona, (1897–1980)[d]
* John Wood Oman, (1860–1939)[d]
* José Ortega y Gasset, (1883–1955)[a][b][c][d]
* Rudolf Otto, (1869–1937)[d]
* P. D. Ouspensky, (1878–1947)

## P[edit]

* Vilfredo Pareto, (1848–1923)
* Giuseppe Peano, (1858–1932)[b][c]
* Benjamin Peirce, (1809–1880)[e]
* Charles Sanders Peirce, (1839–1914)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Ralph Barton Perry, (1876–1957)[a][b][c]
* Leon Petrazycki, (1867–1931)[d]
* Branislav Petronijević, (1875–1954)
* Jean Piaget, (1896–1980)[a][d]
* Max Planck, (1858–1947)[b][c][d]
* Georgi Plekhanov, (1856–1918)[a][b][c][d]
* Konstantin Pobedonostsev, (1827–1907)
* Henri Poincaré, (1854–1912)[a][b][c][d]
* Michael Polanyi, (1891–1976)[d]
* Emil Leon Post, (1897–1954)[d]
* Roscoe Pound, (1870–1964)[d]
* Karl von Prantl, (1820–1888)
* Henry Habberley Price, (1899–1984)[b][c]
* Harold Arthur Prichard, (1871–1947)[a][b][c][d]
* Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, (1809–1865)[a][b][c][d]

## Q[edit]

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010)

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## R[edit]

* Gustav Radbruch, (1878–1949)[d]
* Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, (1888–1975)[b][c][d]
* Hastings Rashdall, (1858–1924)[a][b][c][d]
* Felix Ravaisson-Mollien, (1813–1900)[d]
* Paul Rée, (1849–1901)[b][c]
* Wilhelm Reich, (1897–1957)[b][c]
* Hans Reichenbach, (1891–1953)[a][b][c][d]
* Adolf Reinach, (1883–1917)[d]
* Karl Renner, (1870–1950)[d]
* Charles Bernard Renouvier, (1815–1903)[a][b][c][d]
* I. A. Richards, (1893–1979)
* Heinrich Rickert, (1863–1936)[e]*
* Bernhard Riemann, (1826–1866)
* George Croom Robertson, (1842–1892)
* Erwin Rohde, (1845–1898)
* Francisco Romero (1891–1962)[b][c]
* Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz, (1805–1879)
* Franz Rosenzweig, (1886–1929)[a][b][c][d]
* Alf Niels Christian Ross, (1899–1979)[d]
* William David Ross, (1877–1971)[a][b][c][d]
* Josiah Royce, (1855–1916)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Vasily Rozanov, (1856–1919)[d]
* Arnold Ruge, (1802–1880)[d]
* Bertrand Russell, (1872–1970)[a][b][c][d][e]

## S[edit]

* Émile Saisset, (1814–1863)
* George Santayana, (1863–1952)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Ferdinand de Saussure, (1857–1913)[a][d]
* Max Scheler, (1874–1928)[a][b][c][d]
* F. C. S. Schiller, (1864–1937)[d]
* Moritz Schlick, (1882–1936)[b][c][d]
* Carl Schmitt, (1888–1985)[d]
* Erwin Schrödinger, (1887–1961)[a]
* Joseph Schumpeter, (1883–1950)[d]
* Alfred Schütz, (1899–1959)[b][c][d][e]
* Albert Schweizer, (1875–1965)
* Charles Secrétan, (1815–1895)
* Roy Wood Sellars, (1880–1973)[b][c]
* Lev Shestov, (1866–1938)[d]
* Gustav Gustavovich Shpet, (1879–1937)[a][d]
* Henry Sidgwick, (1838–1900)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Georg Simmel, (1858–1918)[a][d]
* Thoralf Skolem, (1887–1963)[a]
* Vladimir Solovyov, (1853–1900)[a][b][c][d]
* Georges Sorel, (1847–1922)[a][b][c][d]
* William Ritchie Sorley, (1855–1935)
* Othmar Spann, (1878–1950)
* Herbert Spencer, (1820–1903)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Thomas Spencer Baynes, (1823–1887)
* Oswald Spengler, (1880–1936)
* Afrikan Spir, (1837–1890)[a]
* Lysander Spooner, (1808–1887)
* Walter Terence Stace, (1886–1967)
* Henry Stanton, (1805–1887)
* Olaf Stapledon, (1886–1950)
* L. Susan Stebbing, (1885–1943)
* Edith Stein, (1891–1942)
* Rudolf Steiner, (1861–1925)[a][d]
* Leslie Stephen, (1832–1904)[a]
* James Hutchison Stirling, (1820–1909)
* Max Stirner, (1806–1856)[a][b][c][d][e]
* George Frederick Stout, (1860–1944)[a][b][c]
* David Friedrich Strauss, (1808–1874)[d]
* Leo Strauss, (1899–1973)[d]
* Carl Stumpf, (1848–1936)
* James Sully, (1842–1923)
* Sun Yat-sen, (1866–1925)[a]

## T[edit]

* Debendranath Tagore, (1817–1905)
* Rabindranath Tagore, (1861–1941)[b][c][d]
* Hippolyte Taine, (1828–1893)[d]
* T'an Ssu-t'ung, (1864–1898)[a]
* Tanabe Hajime, (1885–1962)[b][c][d]
* Władysław Tatarkiewicz, (1886–1980)
* Harriet Taylor Mill, (1807–1858)[a][d][e]
* Gustav Teichmuller (1837–1888)[a]
* Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, (1881–1955)[a][d]
* William Temple, (1881–1944)[d]
* Frederick Robert Tennant, (1866–1957)[d]
* Henry David Thoreau, (1817–1862)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Paul Tillich, (1886–1965)[a][d]
* Alexis de Tocqueville, (1805–1859)[d]
* Leo Tolstoy, (1828–1910)[d]
* Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg, (1802–1872)
* Ernst Troeltsch, (1865–1923)[a][d]
* Leon Trotsky, (1879–1940)[b][c][d]
* Benjamin Tucker, (1854–1939)
* Kazimierz Twardowski, (1866–1938)[b][c][d]

## U[edit]

* Pietro Ubaldi, (1886–1972)
* Hermann Ulrici, (1806–1884)
* Miguel de Unamuno, (1864–1936)[a][b][c][d]
* Dimitri Uznadze, (1886–1950)

## V[edit]

* Hans Vaihinger, (1852–1933)[a][b][c][d]
* John Veitch, (1829–1894)
* John Venn, (1834–1923)[d]
* Milan Vidmar, (1885–1962)
* Lev Vygotsky, (1896–1934)[b][c][d]
* Boris Petrovich Vysheslavtsev, (1877–1954)[d]

## W[edit]

* Jean Wahl, (1888–1974)
* Friedrich Waismann, (1896–1959)
* Alfred Russel Wallace, (1823–1913)[d]
* James Ward, (1843–1925)[a]
* John B. Watson, (1878–1958)[b][c]
* Watsuji Tetsuro, (1889–1960)[b][c][d][e]
* Max Weber, (1864–1920)[a][b][c][d][e]*
* Otto Weininger, (1880–1903)
* Christian Hermann Weisse, (1801–1866)
* Victoria, Lady Welby, (1837–1912)
* Felix Weltsch, (1884–1964)
* Edvard Westermarck, (1862–1939)[a]
* Hermann Weyl, (1885–1955)[d]
* Frantisek Weyr (or Franz Weyr), (1879–1951)[d]
* Alfred North Whitehead, (1861–1947)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Wilhelm Windelband, (1848–1915)[a][e]*
* Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, (1885–1939)
* Ludwig Wittgenstein, (1889–1951)[a][b][c][d][e]
* Woo Tsin-hang (or Chih-hui), (1865–1953)
* Chauncey Wright, (1830–1875)[a][b][c][e]
* Dorothy Maud Wrinch, (1894–1976)
* Wilhelm Wundt, (1832–1920)[a][d][e]*

## X[edit]

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010)

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## Y[edit]

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010)

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## Z[edit]

* Peter Wessel Zapffe, (1899–1990)
* Eduard Zeller, (1814–1908)
* Ernst Zermelo, (1871–1953)[d]
* Zhang Dongsun, (1886–1973)
* Florian Znaniecki, (1882–1958)
* Xavier Zubiri, (1889–1983)

## See also[edit]

* Lists of philosophers
* 19th-century philosophy
* List of philosophers born in the centuries BC
* List of philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries
* List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries
* List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries
* List of philosophers born in the 17th century
* List of philosophers born in the 18th century
* List of philosophers born in the 20th century

## Notes[edit]

1. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8

2. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0

3. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 2005. ISBN 0-19-926479-1

4. Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge; 2000. ISBN 0-415-22364-4

5. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy