List of philosophies

See also: Glossary of philosophy

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Philosophical schools of thought and philosophical movements.

Contents

* Top
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

* See also

## A

[edit]

Absurdism \- Action, philosophy of \- Actual idealism \- Actualism \- Advaita Vedanta \- Aesthetic Realism \- Aesthetics \- African philosophy \- Afrocentrism \- Agential realism \- Agnosticism \- Agnostic theism \- American philosophy \- Anarchy \- Animism \- Antinatalism \- Antinomianism \- Anti-psychiatry— Anti-realism \- Antireductionism \- Analytic philosophy \- Anarchism \- Ancient philosophy \- Anthropocentrism \- Anomalous monism \- Applied ethics \- Archaeology, philosophy of \- Aristotelianism \- Arithmetic, philosophy of \- Art, philosophy of \- Artificial intelligence, philosophy of \- Asceticism \- Atheism \- Authoritarianism \- Averroism \- Avicennism \- Axiology

## B

[edit]

Baptists \- Behaviorism \- Bayesianism \- Bioconservatism \- Biology, philosophy of \- Biosophy \- Buddhist philosophy \- Business, philosophy of

## C

[edit]

Cartesianism \- Categorical imperative \- Charvaka \- Chinese naturalism \- Christian neoplatonism \- Capitalism \- Chance, Philosophy of \- Chinese philosophy \- Christian existentialism \- Christian humanism \- Christian philosophy \- Cognitivism \- Color, philosophy of \- Common Sense, philosophy of \- Communitarianism \- Communism \- Compatibilism and incompatibilism \- Confirmation holism \- Confucianism \- Consequentialism \- Conceptualism \- Conservatism \- Constructivist epistemology \- Continental philosophy \- Cosmicism \- Cosmopolitanism \- Critical rationalism \- Critical realism \- Critical theory \- Culture, philosophy of \- Cyberfeminism \- Cynicism \- Czech philosophy

## D

[edit]

Danish philosophy \- Deconstruction \- Deism \- Denialism \- Deontology \- Depressionism \- Design, philosophy of \- Determinism \- Dialectic \- Dialectical materialism \- Dialogue, philosophy of \- Didacticism \- Digital physics \- Discordianism \- Dualistic cosmology \- Dvaita

## E

[edit]

Eating, philosophy of \- Ecocentrism \- Economics, philosophy of \- Ecumenism \- Education, philosophy of \- Egalitarianism \- Egocentrism \- Egoism \- Eliminative materialism \- Emotivism \- Empiricism \- Engineering, philosophy of \- Ephesian school \- Epiphenomenalism \- Epicureanism \- Epistemological nihilism \- Epistemology \- Esotericism \- Essentialism \- Ethics \- Eternalism \- Eudaimonism \- Existentialism \- Externalism

## F

[edit]

Fallibilism \- Fascism \- Fatalism \- Feminist philosophy \- Filial piety \- Film, philosophy of \- Foundationalism \- Free will \- Fundamentalism \- Futility, philosophy of \-

## G

[edit]

Geography, philosophy of \- German idealism \- German philosophy \- Gnosticism \- Greek philosophy \-

## H

[edit]

Healthcare, philosophy of \- Hedonism \- Hegelianism \- Hermeticism \- Henotheism \- Heterophenomenology \- Hindu philosophy \- Historical materialism \- Historicism \- History, philosophy of \- Holism \- Hongaku \- Humanism \- Humanistic naturalism \- Hylozoism \-

## I

[edit]

Idealism \- Identityism \- Ideological criticism \- Ignosticism \- Illegalism \- Illuminationism \- Individualism \- Indian logic \- Indian philosophy \- Indonesian philosophy \- Induction / Inductionism \- Informal logic \- Information, philosophy of \- Innatism \- Instrumental rationality \- Instrumentalism \- Interactionism (philosophy of mind) \- Internalism and externalism \- Intuitionism \- Iranian philosophy \- Irrealism \- Islamic ethics \- Islamic philosophy

## J

[edit]

Japanese philosophy \- Jainism \- Jewish philosophy \- Jingoism \- Juche \- Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400) \- Just war theory

## K

[edit]

Kantianism \- Kabbalah \- Korean philosophy Keynesianism

## L

[edit]

Language, philosophy of \- Law, philosophy of \- Legalism \- Leninism \- Liberalism \- Libertarianism (metaphysics) \- Libertarianism \- Linguistics, philosophy of \- Logic / Informal logic \- Logical atomism \- Logical positivism \- Logicians \- Logicism \- Logic in China \- Logic in Islamic philosophy \- Logic, philosophy of \- Love, philosophy of \- Luddism

## M

[edit]

Manichaeism \- Maoism \- Marxism \- Marxist philosophy of nature \- Materialism \- Mathematicism \- Maxim (philosophy) \- Mahayana Buddhism\- Mathematics, philosophy of \- Mathematics education, philosophy of \- Medical ethics \- Medieval philosophy \- Medievalism \- Mentalism \- Mereological nihilism \- Merism \- Meta-philosophy \- Metaphysics \- Meta-ethics \- Milesian school \- Mimamsa \- Mind, philosophy of \- Mind-body dualism \- Misology \- Modernism \- Modern Islamic philosophy \- Mohism \- Monism \- Moral absolutism \- Moral realism \- Moral relativism \- Moral skepticism \- Motion, philosophy of \- Music, philosophy of \- Mysticism

## N

[edit]

Naïve realism \- Nature, philosophy of \- Natural Science, philosophy of \- Naturalism \- Nazism \- Negative utilitarianism \- Neo-Confucianism \- Neoconservatism\- Neo-Hegelianism \- Neoliberalism \- Neo-Kantianism \- Neo-Luddism\- Neoplatonism \- Neopythagoreanism \- Neo-Scholasticism \- Neotaoism \- Neuroethics \- Neurophilosophy \- Neuroscience, philosophy of \- Neurotheology \- Neutral monism \- New Age \- New realism \- New Thought \- Nihilism \- Nominalism \- Nondualism \- Non-cognitivism \- Non-philosophy \- Non-theism \- Nyaya

## O

[edit]

Objective idealism \- Objectivism \- Occasionalism \- Ontology \- Ontotheology \- Open individualism \- Organicism

## P

[edit]

Paganism \- Pakistani philosophy \- Pancasila \- Pancritical rationalism \- Pandeism \- Panpsychism \- Pantheism \- Pataphysics \- Perception, philosophy of \- Perennial philosophy \- Perfectionism \- Peripatetic school \- Personalism \- Perspectivism \- Pessimism \- Phenomenalism \- Phenomenology \- Philosophical anthropology \- Philosophical Satanism \-  Philosophy, philosophy of \- Physicalism \- Physical ontology \- Physics, philosophy of \- Platonic realism \- Platonism \- Pluralism \- Political philosophy \- Populism \- Posadism \- Positivism \- Postanalytic philosophy \- Posthumanism \- Postpositivism \- Post-materialism \- Post-modernism \- Post-structuralism \- Practical reason \- Pragmatism \- Praxis School \- Probabilism \- Presentism \- Process philosophy \- Progressivism \- Property dualism \- Pseudophilosophy \- Psychiatry, philosophy of \- Psychological egoism \- Psychology, philosophy of \- Pure practical reason \- Pure reason \- Pyrrhonian skepticism \- Pyrrhonism \- Pythagoreanism

## Q

[edit]

Quantum mysticism \- Quietism

## R

[edit]

Raëlism \- Rastafari \- Rationalism \- Realism \- Reconstructivism \- Reductionism \- Reductive materialism \- Reformational philosophy \- Relationalism \- Relativism \- Relevance logic \- Philosophy of religion \- Philosophy of religious language \- Religious humanism \- Religious philosophy \- Reliabilism \- Renaissance humanism \- Romanian philosophy \- Romanticism \- Russian cosmism \- Russian philosophy

## S

[edit]

Sabellianism \- Satanism \- Sankhya \- Scotism \- Scholasticism \-  Science, philosophy of \- Scientism \- Secularism \- Secular humanism \- Self, philosophy of \- Semantic holism \- Sensualism \- Sex, philosophy of \- Sexualism \- Sexism \- Shamanism \- Sikhism \- Singularitarianism \- Skepticism \- Skeptical theism \- Social science, philosophy of \- Socialism \- Social philosophy \- Solipsism \- Sophism \- Space and time, philosophy of \- Spiritual philosophy \- Spiritualism \- Sport, philosophy of \- Statistics, philosophy of \- Stoicism \- Structuralism \- Subjective idealism \- Subjectivism \- Sufi metaphysics \- Śūnyatā \- Supersessionism \- Synoptic philosophy \- Systems philosophy

## T

[edit]

Taoism \- Teleology \- Tetralemma \- Theistic finitism \- Theism \- Thelema \- Theology \- Theosophy \- Thermal and statistical physics, philosophy of \- Thomism \- Theravada Buddhism \- Traditionalist School \- Transcendent theosophy \- Transcendental idealism \- Transcendentalism \- Transhumanism \- Transmodernism \- Tridemism \- Type physicalism

## U

[edit]

Ubuntu \- Universalism \- Utilitarian bioethics \- Utilitarianism

## V

[edit]

Value pluralism \- Value theory \- Vedanta \- Verificationism \- Verism \- Vienna Circle \- Virtue ethics \- Vitalism \- Voluntaryism

## W

[edit]

Wahdat-ul-Wujood \- Wahdat-ul-Shuhud \- War, philosophy of \- Western philosophy \- Wu wei

## X

[edit]

Xenofeminism

## Z

[edit]

Zemlyak \- Zen \- Zoroastrianism \- Zurvanism

## See also

[edit]

* Glossary of philosophy
* List of schools of philosophy
* List of philosophical organizations

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Philosophy

Branches

| Branches|

* Aesthetics
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|

Aesthetics|

* Aesthetic response
* Formalism
* Institutionalism

Epistemology|

* Empiricism
* Fideism
* Naturalism
* Particularism
* Rationalism
* Skepticism
* Solipsism

Ethics|

* Consequentialism
* Deontology
* Virtue

Free will|

* Compatibilism
* Determinism
* Hard
* Incompatibilism
* Hard
* Libertarianism

Metaphysics|

* Atomism
* Dualism
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Mind|

* Behaviorism
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* Epiphenomenalism
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Normativity|

* Absolutism
* Particularism
* Relativism
* Nihilism
* Skepticism
* Universalism

Ontology|

* Action
* Event
* Process

Reality|

* Anti-realism
* Conceptualism
* Idealism
* Materialism
* Naturalism
* Nominalism
* Physicalism
* Realism

By era

| By era|

* Ancient
* Western
* Medieval
* Renaissance
* Early modern
* Modern
* Contemporary

|

Ancient|

| Chinese|

* Agriculturalism
* Confucianism
* Legalism
* Logicians
* Mohism
* Chinese naturalism
* Taoism
* Yangism

|

Greco-Roman|

* Presocratic
* Ionians
* Pythagoreans
* Eleatics
* Atomists
* Sophists
* Cyrenaics
* Cynicism
* Eretrian school
* Megarian school
* Academy
* Peripatetic school
* Hellenistic philosophy
* Pyrrhonism
* Stoicism
* Epicureanism
* Academic Skepticism
* Middle Platonism
* School of the Sextii
* Neopythagoreanism
* Second Sophistic
* Neoplatonism
* Church Fathers

Indian|

* Hindu
* Samkhya
* Nyaya
* Vaisheshika
* Yoga
* Mīmāṃsā
* Ājīvika
* Ajñana
* Cārvāka
* Jain
* Anekantavada
* Syādvāda
* Buddhist
* Abhidharma
* Sarvāstivadā
* Pudgalavada
* Sautrāntika
* Madhyamaka
* Svatantrika and Prasangika
* Śūnyatā
* Yogacara
* Tibetan

Persian|

* Mazdakism
* Mithraism
* Zoroastrianism
* Zurvanism

Medieval|

| East Asian|

* Neotaoism
* Tiantai
* Huayan
* Chan
* Zen
* Neo-Confucianism
* Korean Confucianism

|

European|

* Christian
* Augustinianism
* Scholasticism
* Thomism
* Scotism
* Occamism
* Renaissance humanism

Indian|

* Vedanta
* Acintya bheda abheda
* Advaita
* Bhedabheda
* Dvaita
* Nimbarka Sampradaya
* Shuddhadvaita
* Vishishtadvaita
* Navya-Nyāya

Islamic|

* Aristotelianism
* Averroism
* Avicennism
* Illuminationism
* ʿIlm al-Kalām
* Sufi

Jewish|

* Judeo-Islamic

Modern|

* Anarchism
* Classical Realism
* Collectivism
* Conservatism
* Determinism
* Dualism
* Edo neo-Confucianism
* Empiricism
* Existentialism
* Foundationalism
* Historicism
* Holism
* Humanism
* Anti-
* Idealism
* Absolute
* British
* German
* Objective
* Subjective
* Transcendental
* Individualism
* Kokugaku
* Liberalism
* Materialism
* Modernism
* Monism
* Naturalism
* Natural law
* Nihilism
* New Confucianism
* Neo-scholasticism
* Pragmatism
* Phenomenology
* Positivism
* Reductionism
* Rationalism
* Social contract
* Socialism
* Transcendentalism
* Utilitarianism

People|

* Cartesianism
* Kantianism
* Neo
* Kierkegaardianism
* Krausism
* Hegelianism
* Marxism
* Newtonianism
* Nietzscheanism
* Spinozism

Contemporary|

| Analytic|

* Applied ethics
* Analytic feminism
* Analytical Marxism
* Communitarianism
* Consequentialism
* Critical rationalism
* Experimental philosophy
* Falsificationism
* Foundationalism / Coherentism
* Internalism and externalism
* Logical positivism
* Legal positivism
* Meta-ethics
* Moral realism
* Quinean naturalism
* Normative ethics
* Ordinary language philosophy
* Postanalytic philosophy
* Quietism
* Rawlsian
* Reformed epistemology
* Systemics
* Scientism
* Scientific realism
* Scientific skepticism
* Transactionalism
* Contemporary utilitarianism
* Vienna Circle
* Wittgensteinian

|

Continental|

* Critical theory
* Deconstruction
* Existentialism
* Feminist
* Frankfurt School
* Hermeneutics
* Neo-Marxism
* New Historicism
* Phenomenology
* Posthumanism
* Postmodernism
* Post-structuralism
* Social constructionism
* Structuralism
* Western Marxism

Miscellaneous|

* Kyoto School
* Objectivism
* Postcritique
* Russian cosmism
* more...

* By region

| By region|

| African|

* Bantu
* Egyptian
* Ethiopian
* Africana

|

Eastern|

* Buddhist
* Chinese
* Indian
* Indonesian
* Japanese
* Korean
* Taiwanese
* Vietnamese

Middle Eastern|

* Iranian
* Islamic
* Jewish
* Pakistani
* Turkish

Western|

* American
* Australian
* British
* Scottish
* Canada
* Czech
* Danish
* Dutch
* Finland
* French
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Miscellaneous|

* Amerindian
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* Yugoslav

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Philosophy of religion

Concepts in religion|

* Afterlife
* Euthyphro dilemma
* Faith
* or religious belief
* Intelligent design
* Miracle
* Problem of evil
* Soul
* Spirit
* Theodicy
* Theological veto

Conceptions of God|

* Brahman
* Demiurge
* Divine simplicity
* Egoism
* Holy Spirit
* Misotheism
* Pandeism
* Personal god
* Process theology
* Supreme Being
* Unmoved mover

God in|

* Abrahamic religions
* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Jainism
* Judaism
* Mormonism
* Sikhism
* Baháʼí Faith
* Wicca

Existence of God|

| For|

* Beauty
* Christological
* Consciousness
* Cosmological
* Kalam
* Contingency
* Degree
* Desire
* Experience
* Fine-tuning of the universe
* Love
* Miracles
* Morality
* Necessary existent
* Ontological
* Pascal's wager
* Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
* Reason
* Teleological
* Natural law
* Watchmaker analogy
* Transcendental

|

Against|

* 747 gambit
* Atheist's Wager
* Evil
* Free will
* Hell
* Inconsistent revelations
* Nonbelief
* Noncognitivism
* Occam's razor
* Omnipotence
* Poor design
* Russell's teapot

Theology|

* Acosmism
* Agnosticism
* Animism
* Antireligion
* Atheism
* Creationism
* Dharmism
* Deism
* Demonology
* Divine command theory
* Dualism
* Esotericism
* Exclusivism
* Existentialism
* Christian
* Atheistic
* Feminist theology
* Thealogy
* Womanist theology
* Fideism
* Fundamentalism
* Gnosticism
* Henotheism
* Humanism
* Religious
* Secular
* Christian
* Inclusivism
* Theories about religions
* Monism
* Monotheism
* Mysticism
* Naturalism
* Metaphysical
* Religious
* Humanistic
* New Age
* Nondualism
* Nontheism
* Pandeism
* Panentheism
* Pantheism
* Perennialism
* Polytheism
* Possibilianism
* Process theology
* Religious skepticism
* Spiritualism
* Shamanism
* Taoic
* Theism
* Transcendentalism
* more...

Religious language|

* Eschatological verification
* Language game
* Logical positivism
* Apophatic theology
* Verificationism

Problem of evil|

* Augustinian theodicy
* Best of all possible worlds
* Euthyphro dilemma
* Inconsistent triad
* Irenaean theodicy
* Natural evil
* Theodicy

Philosophers
of religion

(by date active)|

| Ancient and
medieval|

* Anselm of Canterbury
* Augustine of Hippo
* Avicenna
* Averroes
* Boethius
* Gaudapada
* Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
* Pico della Mirandola
* Heraclitus
* King James VI and I
* Marcion of Sinope
* Maimonides
* Adi Shankara
* Thomas Aquinas
* William of Ockham

|

Early modern|

* Augustin Calmet
* René Descartes
* Blaise Pascal
* Desiderius Erasmus
* Baruch Spinoza
* Nicolas Malebranche
* Gottfried W Leibniz
* William Wollaston
* Thomas Chubb
* David Hume
* Baron d'Holbach
* Immanuel Kant
* Johann G Herder

1800
1850|

* Friedrich Schleiermacher
* Karl C F Krause
* Georg W F Hegel

* Thomas Carlyle
* William Whewell
* Ludwig Feuerbach
* Søren Kierkegaard
* Karl Marx
* Albrecht Ritschl
* Afrikan Spir

1880
1900|

* Ernst Haeckel
* W K Clifford
* Friedrich Nietzsche
* Harald Høffding
* William James

* Vladimir Solovyov
* Ernst Troeltsch
* Rudolf Otto
* Lev Shestov
* Sergei Bulgakov
* Pavel Florensky
* Ernst Cassirer
* Joseph Maréchal

1920
postwar|

* George Santayana
* Bertrand Russell
* Martin Buber
* René Guénon
* Paul Tillich
* Karl Barth
* Emil Brunner
* Rudolf Bultmann
* Gabriel Marcel
* Reinhold Niebuhr

* Charles Hartshorne
* Mircea Eliade
* Frithjof Schuon
* J L Mackie
* Walter Kaufmann
* Martin Lings
* Peter Geach
* George I Mavrodes
* William Alston
* Antony Flew

1970
1990
2010|

* William L Rowe
* Dewi Z Phillips
* Alvin Plantinga
* Anthony Kenny
* Nicholas Wolterstorff
* Richard Swinburne
* Robert Merrihew Adams
* Ravi Zacharias
* Peter van Inwagen
* Daniel Dennett
* Loyal Rue
* Jean-Luc Marion
* William Lane Craig
* Ali Akbar Rashad

* Alexander Pruss

Related topics|

* Criticism of religion
* Desacralization of knowledge
* Ethics in religion
* Exegesis
* History of religion
* Religion
* Religious language
* Religious philosophy
* Relationship between religion and science
* Faith and rationality
* more...

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