List of photovoltaics companies

Monocrystalline solar cell

This is a list of notable photovoltaics (PV) companies.

Grid-connected solar photovoltaics (PV) is the fastest growing energy technology in the world, growing from a cumulative installed capacity of 7.7 GW in 2007, to 320 GW in 2016. In 2016, 93% of the global PV cell manufacturing capacity utilized crystalline silicon (cSi) technology, representing a commanding lead over rival forms of PV technology, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe), amorphous silicon (aSi), and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). In 2016, manufacturers in China and Taiwan met the majority of global PV module demand, accounting for 68% of all modules, followed by the rest of Asia at 14%. The United States and Canada manufactured 6%, and Europe manufactured a mere 4%.[1] In 2021 China produced about 80% of the polysilicon, 95% of wafers, 80% of cells and 70% of modules. Module production capacity reached 460 GW with crystalline silicon technology assembly accounting for 98%.[2]

Photovoltaics companies include PV capital equipment producers, cell manufacturers, panel manufacturers and installers. The list does not include silicon manufacturing companies.

## Photovoltaic manufacturers

[edit]

### Top 10 by year

[edit]

Solar module
company  | Shipments (GW)  | Country

|
|

2015* | 2015† | 2016
(Forecast)  | 2018[3] | 2019[3] | 2020[4][5] | 2021[6]
LONGi Solar | –  | –  | –  | 7.2  | 9  | 24.5  | (1st)  |  China
Trina Solar | 4.55[7][8] | 5.74[9] | –  | 8.1  | 9.7  | 15.9  | (2nd) |  China
JA Solar | 3.38[7][8] | 3.93[9] | 5.2-5.5[9] | 8.8  | 10.3  | 15.9  | (3rd) |  China
JinkoSolar | 3.79[7][8] | 4.51[9] | 6-6.5[9] | 11.4  | 14.2  | 18.8  | (4th) |  China
Canadian Solar | 3.9[7][8] | 4.7[9] | 5.4-5.5[9] | 7.1  | 8.5  | 11.3  | (5th) |  Canada
Risen Energy [zh] | –  | 1.24[9][10] | –  | 4.8  | 7  | (7th)  | (6th)  |  China
First Solar | 2.9[11] | 2.8[9] | 2.9-3[9] | 2.7  | 5.5  | (9th)  | (7th) |  United States
Suntech Power |  |  |  |  |  | (10th)  | (8th)  |  China
Hanwha Q CELLS | 3.2[7][8] | 3.3[9] | 4.5-4.7[9] | 5.5  | 7.3  | (6th)  | (9th) |  South Korea
Chint [fr] |  |  |  |  |  | (8th)  | (10th)  |  China
GCL System Integration Technology |  |  |  | 4.1  | 4.8  |  |  |  China
SFCE (Shunfeng International Clean Energy Limited) | – | 2.28[9] | –  | 3.3  | 4  |  |  |  China
Yingli Green | 2.35[7] | 2.35-2.40[9] | –  | –  | –  |  |  |  China
SunPower Corp. | 1.18-1.25[12] | – | 1.7-2[13] | –  | 2.5[14] |  |  |  US
Sources:[11][7][8][9][12][13][10] tenth place depending on source. Total world 2015 shipment was 50.8 GW.

* March 2016 source.
† April 2016 source.

### Summary

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2015)

|

Notable PV production lines in 2015, technology, capacity and production[15][16][17] Company | Country | Technology | Capacity (MW) | Production (MW)

|
|
|
|

2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015
America Green Solar | US | Crystalline silicon | 0 | 100 | 300 | 480 | 0 | 40 | 108 | 200
Bosch | Germany | Crystalline silicon, Thin films (a-Si, CIGS) | - | 220 | 260 | 270 | - | 55 | 143 | 200
BP Solar | Spain | Laser buried grid[Note 1] | - | 80 | - | - | 12 | 15 | 40[Note 2][15] | \-
Australia | MC Screen print | - | 52 | - | - | 33 | 35 | 40[Note 2] | \-
Greenshine New Energy | US | - | - | 43 | - | - | 25 | 27 | 30[Note 2] | \-
Canadian Solar | Canada | Crystalline silicon | 0 | 100 | 270 | 420 | 0 | 40 | 102.8 | 200
Contendre Solar | India | Crystalline silicon | - | 192 | 320 | 320 | - | 80 | 100-120 | 194
Conergy | Germany | - | 0 | 275[Note 2] | 100[Note 2] | 250 | 0 | 0[Note 2] | 50[Note 2] | 100[Note 2]
DelSolar | Taiwan | - | 50 | 100 | 120 | 120 | - | 54 | 83 | 88.8
China | - | - | - | - | 60 | - | - | - | 0
E-Ton Solar | Taiwan | - | - | 200 | 320 | 320 | 35 | 62 | 97 | 220
Evergreen Solar[Note 3] | US | String ribbon | - | 17 | 58.5 | 145 | 13 | 16 | 26.5 | 103.4
Germany | String ribbon | - | 90 | - | - | 15 | 50 | - | \-
China | String ribbon | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | \-
Helius Energy | US  | Monocrystalline & Polycrystalline / PERC  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | 35  | 50  | 50
China  | \-  | \-  | \-  | 120  | 120  | 180  | 220  | 220
Brazil  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-
First Solar | US | CdTe | - | 119 | 147 | 160 | 60 | 119 | 145[Note 2] | 143
Germany | CdTe | 0 | 158 | 196 | 214 | 0 | 81 | 192 | 192.5
Malaysia | CdTe | 0 | 0 | 392 | 854 | 0 | 0 | 167 | 764.5
Morgan Solar Inc | Canada  | \-  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gintech | Taiwan | Crystalline silicon | - | 210 | 310 | 660 | 6 | 60 | 180 | 368
Contendre Solar | India |  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | \-
Isofoton | Spain | - | - | 130 | 180 | 140 | 61 | 87 | 130 | 70
Lubi solar | India | Monocrystalline & Polycrystalline | 75 | 90 | 110 | 120 | 35 | 40 | 52 | 67
Itek Energy  | US  | Monocrystaline, PERC  | 10  | 15  | 40  | 50  | 2  | 4  | 12  | 25
JA Solar Holdings | China | Crystalline silicon | - | 225 | 750 | 800 | 30 | 132 | 300 | 520
JUST Solar Co., Ltd. | China | - | 0 | 120 | 156 | 205 | 0 | 83 | 156 | 194
Kyocera | Japan | - | - | - | 360 | - | 180[Note 1] | 207 | 290 | 400
Mitsubishi Electric | Japan | - | - | 150 | 220 | 220 | 111 | 121 | 148 | 120
Mitsubishi Heavy | Japan | - | - | 14 | 42 | 68 | 13 | 14 | 40[Note 2] | 42[Note 2]
Motech | Taiwan | Crystalline silicon | - | 240 | 350 | 470 | 102 | 176 | 270 | 296
China | Crystalline silicon | 0 | 0 | 60 | 130 | 0 | 0 | 64 |
MX Group | Italy | - | - | - | 60 | 90 | - | - | 37 | 67
Neo Solar Power | Taiwan | Crystalline silicon | - | 60 | 210 | 240 | 4 | 36 | 135[Note 2] | 201
Ningbo Solar Electric | China | - | - | 100 | 250-270 | 350 | - | 100 | 175[Note 2] | 260
Photowatt | France | - | - | 60 | 60 | - | 33 | 38 | 58 | 49
Photovoltech NV | Belgium | - | - | 80 | 80 | 80 | 18 | 29 | 80 | 54
Q-Cells | Germany | - | - | 516 | 760 | 500[Note 4] | 253 | 389 | 570 | 551
Malaysia | CdTe | - | - | - | 300 | - | - | - | 206
Germany (Calyxo) | - | 0 | 8 | 25 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 3[Note 2] | 1
Germany (Solibro) | - | 0 | 0 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 14
Germany (Sontor) | - | 0 | 8 | 25 | - | 0 | 1[Note 2] | 3.6 |
RECOM | France | Monocrystalline & Polycrystalline | - | 1.5 GW | 1.5 GW | 1.5 GW | - | - | - |
Renewable Energy Corporation | Norway | - | - | - | - | 150 | - | - | 80 | 115
Panasonic | Japan | - | - | 265[Note 2] | 345 | 345 | 155 | 165 | 215 | 260
Schott Solar | Germany | - | 118 | 162 | 205 | 355 | 83 | 74 | 138 | 218
US | - | 14 | - | 15 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 11
Sharp | Japan | - | - | 710 | 710 | 710 | 434 | 363 | 473 | 595
Silfab Solar | US | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | \-
Solarday | Italy | - | - | 20 | 60 | 90 | - | 30 | 37 | 50
SolarPark Korea | South Korea | Crystalline silicon | - | - | - | 170 | - | - | - | 90
SolarWorld | Germany | - | - | 160[Note 2] | 300[Note 2] | 500[Note 2] | 70 | 135 | 200[Note 2] | 200[Note 2]
US | - | 55[Note 2] | - | 100 | 250 | 20[Note 2] | 35[Note 2] | 30[Note 2] | 50[Note 2]
Solland | Netherlands | - | - | 60 | 170 | 170 | 18 | 36 | 60 | 80
SunPower | US | Crystalline silicon | - | 214 | 414 | 574 | 63 | 100 | 237 | 397
Suntech | China | Crystalline silicon | - | 540 | 1000[Note 1] | 1100 | 160 | 336 | 530[Note 1] | 704
Sunways | Germany | - | - | 46 | 116 | 116 | 25 | 38 | 49 | 60[Note 2]
Trina Solar | China | Crystalline silicon | - | 110 | 350 | 600 | - | 29 | 210 | 399
United Solar Ovonic | US | Thin Film Flexible amorphous silicon | - | 118[Note 2] | 178[Note 2] | 150 | 28 | 48 | 112.6 | 123.4
Vikram Solar Pvt. Ltd | India | Monocrystalline & Polycrystalline | - | - | - | - | 120 | 200 | 350 | 500
Yingli | China |  | - | 200 | 400 | 600 | 37 | 145 | 281.5 | 525.3
Tamesol | Spain | Monocrystalline & Polycrystalline  | \-  | 120  | 220  | 340  | 35  | 60  | 80  | 120
Sova Solar Limited | India  | Polycrystaline & Monocrystaline  | 12.5  | 25  | 50  | 100  | 7  | 15  | 25  | 45
Zytech Solar (Zyt Energy Group)  | Spain (Headquarters)  | Polycrystaline & Monocrystaline, LCPV [18] | 150  | 250  | 500  | 700  | 52  | 74  | 90  | 130
China (subsidiary)  | Polycrystaline & Monocrystaline,[19] | 100  | 200  | 200  | 300  | 25  | 40  | 53  | 65
India (subsidiary)  | Polycrystaline & Monocrystaline  | \-  | \-  | \-  | 200  | \-  | \-  | \-  | 120

According to EnergyTrend, the 2011 global top ten polysilicon, solar cell and solar module manufacturers by capacity were found in countries including People's Republic of China, United States, Taiwan, Germany, Japan, and Korea.

In 2011, the global top ten polysilicon makers by capacity were GCL, Hemlock, OCI, Wacker, LDK, REC, MEMC/SunEdison, Tokuyama, LCY and Woongjin, represented by People's Republic of China, United States, Taiwan, Germany, Japan and South Korea.

### Historical rankings

[edit]

In 2015, GCL System Integration Technology Company made an increase of 500%, topping 2.5-2.7 GW, which puts it at seventh rank, overtaking Yingli Green, compared to 0.5 GW in 2014. Their solar PV module production appears to have reached a 3.7 GW capacity at the end of 2015.[20]

Solar modules, as the final products to be installed to generate electricity, are regarded as the major components to be selected by customers willing to choose solar PV energy. Solar module manufacturers must be sure that their products can be sustainable for application periods of more than 25 years. As a result, major solar module producers have their products tested by publicly recognized testing organizations and guarantee their durable efficiency rate for a certain number of years. The solar PV market has been growing for the past few years. According to solar PV research company PVinsights, worldwide shipments of solar modules in 2011 was around 25 GW, and the shipment year-over-year growth was around 40%. The top five solar module producers in 2011 were: Suntech, First Solar, Yingli, Trina, and Canadian. The top five solar module companies possessed 51.3% market share of solar modules, according to PVinsights' market intelligence report.

Ranking
2011 | Market
share | Solar module
company | Ranking
2010 | Market
share | Country

|
|
|
|
|

1 | 5.8% | Suntech | 1 | 8.1% |  China
2 | 5.7% | First Solar | 2 | 7.9% |  US
3 | 4.8% | Yingli Solar | 4 | 6.4% |  China
4 | 4.3% | Trina Solar | 5 | 6.1% |  China
5 | 4.0% | Sungen Solar | 6 | 5.3% |  China
6 | 2.8% | Sharp | 3 | [21] |  Japan
7 | 2.8% | Sunpower | 8 | [21] |  US
8 | 2.7% | Hanwha Solarone | 7 | [21] |  South Korea
9 | 2.3% | Jinko | – | [21] |  China
10 | 1.9% | REC | 10 | [21] |  Norway
Sources:[21][22]

Top 10 solar cell producers

According to an annual market survey by the photovoltaics trade publication Photon International, global production of photovoltaic cells and modules in 2009 was 12.3 GW. The top ten manufacturers accounted for 45% of this total.[15] In 2010, a tremendous growth of solar PV cell shipments doubled the solar PV cell market size. According to the solar PV market research company PVinsights,[21] Suntech topped the ranking of solar cell production. Most of the top ten solar PV producers doubled their shipment in 2010 and five of them were over one gigawatt shipments. The top ten solar cell producers dominated the market with an even higher market share, say 50~60%, with respect to an assumed twenty gigawatt cell shipments in 2010.

Solar cell
company | Country | Shipment
2009 in MW | Shipment
2010 in MW

|
|
|

Suntech |  China | 704 | 1,572
JA Solar |  China | 520 | 1,464
First Solar |  US | 1,100 | 1,411
Yingli Solar |  China | 525 | 1,062
Trina Solar |  China | 399 | 1,057
Motech Solar |  Taiwan | 360 | 924
Q-Cells |  Germany | 586 | 907
Gintech |  Taiwan | 368 | 827
Sharp |  Japan | 595 | 774
Sungen Solar |  China | 193 | 588
Sources: PhotonMagazine[23] and PVinsights.[21] Note: 2009 shipments of Motech and Canadian Solar are by PVinsights.

Quarterly ranking

Although yearly ranking is as listed above, quarterly ranking can indicate which company can sustain particular conditions such as price adjustment, government feed-in tariff change, and weather conditions. In 2Q11, First Solar regained the top spot in solar module shipments from Suntech. From the 2Q11 results, four phenomena should be noticed: thin film leader First Solar still dominates; more centralization in the solar module market; Chinese companies soared; and the giga-watt game is prevailing (according to the latest solar model shipment report by PVinsigts).[24]

Thin film ranking

Global PV market by technology in 2013[25]: 18, 19

1. multi-Si (54.9%)
2. mono-Si (36%)
3. CdTe (5.1%)
4. a-Si (2%)
5. CIGS (2%)

See also: List of CIGS companies

Thin film solar cells are commercially used in several technologies, including cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and amorphous and other thin-film silicon (a-Si, TF-Si). In 2013, thin-film declined to 9% of worldwide PV production.

In 2009, thin films represented 16.8% of total global production, up from 12.5% in 2008. The top ten thin-film producers were:

* 1100.0 MW First Solar
* 123.4 MW Suntech solar
* 94.0 MW Sharp
* 60.0 MW HELIOSPHERA
* 50.0 MW Sungen Solar
* 50.0 MW Trony
* 50.0 MW Moser Baer
* 43.0 MW Solar Frontier
* 42.0 MW Mitsubishi
* 40.0 MW Kaneka Corporation
* 40.0 MW Vtech Solar
* 30.0 MW Würth Solar
* 30.0 MW Bosch (formerly Ersol)
* 30.0 MW EPV

1 Estimated

### 2011 global top 10 polysilicon manufacturers by capacity

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2015)

|

Company | Capacity (tons) | Country

|
|

GCL | 65,000 | China
OCI | 65,000 | Korea
HSC | 43,000 | US
Wacker | 33,000 | Germany
LDK | 25,000 | China
REC | 19,000 | Norway
MEMC/SunEdison | 15,000 | US
Tokuyama | 9,200 | Japan
LCY | 8,000 | Taiwan
Woongjin | 5,000 | Korea
Sourced from EnergyTrend[26]

On the other hand, the 2011 global top ten solar cell makers by capacity are dominated by both Chinese and Taiwanese companies, including Suntech, JA Solar, Trina, Yingli, Motech, Gintech, Canadian Solar, NeoSolarPower, Hanwha Solar One and JinkoSolar.

### 2011 global top 10 solar cell manufacturers by capacity

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2015)

|

Company | Capacity (MW) | Country

|
|

Suntech | 2,400 | China
JA Solar | 2,100 | China
Trina Solar | 1,900 | China
Yingli | 1,700 | China
Motech Solar | 1,500 | Taiwan
Gintech | 1,500 | Taiwan
Canadian Solar | 1,300 | China
Neo Solar Power | 1,300 | Taiwan
Hanwha Solar One | 1,100 | Korea
JinkoSolar | 1,100 | China
Sourced from EnergyTrend[26][citation needed]

In terms of solar module by capacity, the 2011 global top ten are Suntech, LDK, Canadian Solar, Trina, Yingli, Hanwha Solar One, Solar World, Jinko Solar, Sunneeg and Sunpower, represented by makers in People's Republic of China and Germany.

### 2011 global top 10 solar module manufacturers by capacity

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2015)

|

Company | Capacity (MW) | Country

|
|

Suntech | 2,400 | China
LDK | 2,300 | China
Canadian Solar | 2,000 | China
Trina Solar | 1,900 | China
Yingli | 1,700 | China
Hanwha Solarone | 1,500 | Korea
SolarWorld | 1,400 | Germany
Jinko | 1,100 | China
SUNGEN | 1,000 | China
Sunpower | 1,000 | US
Sourced from EnergyTrend[26]

In terms of wafer and cell capacities, both makers from Taiwan and China have demonstrated significant year over year growth from 2010 to 2011.

### China and Taiwan production capacity

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2015)

|

| China (MV) | Taiwan (MV)

|
|

2010 wafer capacity | 15,300 | 2,640
2011 wafer capacity | 26,000 | 5,020
year over year growth | 70% | 90%
2010 cell capacity | 11,200 | 5,415
2011 cell capacity | 24,000 | 10,045
year over year growth | 114% | 86%
Sourced from EnergyTrend[26]

## Solar photovoltaic production by country

[edit]

China now manufactures more than half of the world's solar photovoltaics. Its production has been rapidly escalating. In 2001 it had less than 1% of the world market. In contrast, in 2001 Japan and the United States combined had over 70% of world production. By 2011 they produced around 15%.[27]

## Other companies

[edit]

Other notable companies include:[28]

* Anwell Solar, Hong Kong, China
* Ascent Solar, Tucson, Arizona, US
* Cool Earth Solar, California, US
* Dyesol, Canberra, Australia
* Eurosolar, Germany
* Global Solar, Tucson, Arizona, US
* GreenSun Energy, Jerusalem, Israel
* Hanwha, Seoul, South Korea[29][30]
* HelioVolt, Austin, Texas, US
* Hitachi, Japan[31]
* IBC SOLAR, Germany
* International Solar Electric Technology, Chatsworth, California, US
* Isofotón, Malaga, Spain
* Konarka Technologies, Inc., Lowell, Massachusetts, US
* LDK Solar, Xinyu, China
* Meyer Burger, Thun, Switzerland
* Miasolé, California, US
* Mitsubishi Electric, Tokyo, Japan
* Nanosolar, San Jose, California, US
* Odersun, Frankfurt Oder, Germany
* Panasonic Corporation Osaka, Japan
* PowerFilm, Inc., Ames, Iowa, US
* Renewable Energy Corporation, Norway
* Schott Solar, Germany
* Signet Solar, California, US
* Skyline Solar, Mountain View, California, US
* SolarEdge, Grass Valley, California, US[32]
* SolarPark Korea, Wanju, South Korea
* SolarWorld, Bonn, Germany
* Solimpeks, Munich, Germany
* SoloPower, San Jose, California, US
* Spectrolab, Inc., Sylmar, California, US
* Sulfurcell, company has changed name to Soltecture in 2011, Germany
* SunEdison
* Suniva, Norcross, Georgia, US
* Sun Power Corporation, San Jose, California, US
* Targray Technology International, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
* Tenksolar, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
* Topray Solar, China
* Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan
* Unirac, Albuquerque, New Mexico, US
* Wagner & Co., Germany
* Wirsol, Waghäusel, Germany
* Xinyi Solar, Wuhu, China

## List of solar panel factories

[edit]

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (March 2018)

|

Below is a list of solar panel factories. It lists actual factories only, former plants are below this first table.

Company  | Factory name  | Factory location  | Plant cost (in US$ millions)  | Started production  | Panel technology (silicon, Thin Film, CIGS, etc.)  | Capacity/year (in GW)

|
|
|
|
|
|

Sharp Corporation | Sakai[33][34][35] | Japan, Sakai  |  |  |  | 1
Sharp Corporation | Katsuragi  | Japan  |  | 1981[36][37] |  |
Sharp Corporation | Kameyama  | Japan, Kameyama[36] |  |  |  |
Sharp Corporation | Taki  | Japan[36] |  |  |  |
LG |  | South Korea, Gumi[38] |  |  |  |
Solar Frontier | Miyazaki  | Japan  |  | 2009  |  | 0.060[39]
Solar Frontier | Kunitomi  | Japan  | 1  | 2011  | CIS  | 0.9[39]
Solar Frontier | Tohoku  | Japan  | 0.1  | 2015  | CIS  | 0.150[39]
Neo Solar Power | Fab 3[40] |  |  |  |  |
Panasonic |  | Japan  |  |  |  |
AU Optronics |  |  |  |  |  |

## Closed solar panel factories

[edit]

Company  | Factory name  | Factory location  | Plant cost (in US$ millions)  | Started production  | Panel technology  | Capacity/year (in GW)  | Stopped production

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Sharp Corporation |  | UK[35] |  |  |  |  |
TSMC Solar  |  | Taiwan, Taichung, Central Taiwan Science Park [41] (next to TSMC Fab 15)  |  |  | CIGS  | 0.040  | 2015[42][43]

## See also

[edit]

Portals:

* Renewable energy
* Energy

* List of CIGS companies
* List of concentrating solar thermal power companies
* List of energy storage projects
* List of silicon producers
* Renewable energy industry
* Silicon Module Super League
* Solar cell
* Dye-sensitized solar cell
* Solar inverter
* Power optimizer
* Applied Materials, a solar cell capital equipment producer

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Plant closed in 2009
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Estimated production/capacity
3. ^ Filed for bankruptcy on Aug 15, 2011, Evergreen Solar Seeks Bankruptcy
4. ^ Production greater than capacity due to closing of some production lines in mid-year

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Fraunhofer Photovoltaic Report" (PDF).
2. ^ "Solar PV Global Supply Chains – Analysis". IEA. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
3. ^ a b "China's JinkoSolar preserves its leading global solar PV module shipment rank in 2019". GlobalData. 10 February 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
4. ^ Stoker, Liam (26 April 2021). "As top five module manufacturer shipments top 86GW, market consolidation looms large". PV Tech. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
5. ^ Soloot, Hesam-Edin Hayati (4 February 2021). "Top 10 PV Module Manufacturers in 2020, Based-on Their Module Shipment". Solar Edition. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
6. ^ Stoker, Liam (13 January 2022). "Revealed: The top 10 PV module suppliers in 2021 - part one". PV Tech. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
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8. ^ a b c d e f Mancheva, Militsa (24 February 2016). "Trina tops PV module production ranking in 2015 – GlobalData". renewables.seenews.com. SeeNews. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
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12. ^ a b "SunPower Reports Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2015 Results". www.pv-tech.org. Solar Media Limited. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
13. ^ a b "SunPower Reports Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2015 Results". newsroom.sunpower.com. SunPower Corporation. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
14. ^ Transcribing, Motley Fool (12 February 2020). "SunPower (SPWR) Q4 2019 Earnings Call Transcript". The Motley Fool. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
15. ^ a b c Hirshman, W. P., "Surprise, surprise (cell production 2009: survey)," Photon International, (March 2010), pp. 176-199.
16. ^ Hirshman, W. P., "Little smiles on long faces (cell production 2008: survey)," Photon International, (March 2015), pp. 170-206.
17. ^ Hirshman, W. P., G. Hering, and M. Schmela, "Gigawatts — the measure of things to come (cell production 2015: survey)," Photon International, (March 2015), pp. 136-166.
18. ^ "Low Concentration PV Deployments From SunPower and Skyline Solar". Retrieved 28 December 2017.
19. ^ "E+I Emprendedores e innovadores - Capítulo 22 - RTVE.es". 4 March 2012.
20. ^ Ayre, James (3 March 2016). "GCL Surges To Become 7th Largest Solar PV Manufacturer In World — PV Module Production Rose 500% In 2015". cleantechnica.com. Sustainable Enterprises Media, Inc. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
21. ^ a b c d e f g h "PVinsights". pvinsights.com.
22. ^ "Renewables 2012 Global Status Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2012.
23. ^ "photon.info". photon.info.
24. ^ "PVinsights: Solar PV Module Shipment Ranking Reports in 2Q11". pvinsights.com.
25. ^ "Photovoltaics Report" (PDF). Fraunhofer ISE. 28 July 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
26. ^ a b c d "EnergyTrend - Solar Energy, Electric Vehicle, Power Battery, Wind Energy, Renewable Energy, Green Energy". energytrend.com.
27. ^ "US-China Solar Trade Case Background". FutureofUSChinaTrade.com. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
28. ^ Land of Giants: PV Players and Prospects Renewable Energy World, 13 March 2008. Retrieved on 18 April 2008.
29. ^ "Solar Energy". Hanwha.com.
30. ^ "Hanwha Q CELLS - Our locations". hanwha-qcells.com.
31. ^ Ltd., Hitachi. "Photovoltaic Power Generation System : Hitachi". hitachi.com.
32. ^ "SolarEdge - A World Leader in Smart Energy". solaredge.com.
33. ^ "Plant". sharp.net. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
34. ^ "World's First and Only G10 Plant - Sakai Display Products Corporation". sdp.co.jp.
35. ^ a b "Sharp Energy Solution".
36. ^ a b c "Year - A Vast Array of Sharp Solar Solutions - Sharp Solar Global Website". sharp-world.com.
37. ^ CORPORATION, SHARP. "環境に配慮したモノづくり 工場からエコ".
38. ^ "Our Brand - About LG - LG Global". lg.com.
39. ^ a b c "Production". solar-frontier.com.
40. ^ "About NSP".
41. ^ "Production - tsmc solar". tsmc-solar.com.
42. ^ Kanellos, Michael. "Why TSMC Is Exiting Solar". Forbes.
43. ^ "TSMC Exiting Solar Energy Industry, Despite CIGS Efficiency Record - CleanTechnica". cleantechnica.com. 14 September 2015.

[1]

## External links

[edit]

* "Solar Home System"

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Photovoltaics

Concepts|

| Technology|

* Photovoltaics
* Photoelectric effect
* Solar irradiance
* Solar constant
* Solar-cell efficiency
* Quantum efficiency
* Nominal power (Watt-peak)
* Thin-film solar cell
* Multi-junction solar cell
* Third-generation photovoltaic cell
* Solar cell research
* Thermophotovoltaic
* Thermodynamic efficiency limit
* Sun-free photovoltaics
* Polarizing organic photovoltaics

|

Materials|

* List of semiconductor materials
* Crystalline silicon (c-Si)
* Polycrystalline silicon (multi-Si)
* Monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si)
* Cadmium telluride
* Copper indium gallium selenide
* Amorphous silicon (a-Si)

History|

* Growth of photovoltaics
* Timeline of solar cells

Photovoltaic
system|

| Solar cells|

* Nanocrystal solar cell
* Organic solar cell
* Quantum dot solar cell
* Hybrid solar cell
* Plasmonic solar cell
* Carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics
* Dye-sensitized solar cell
* Cadmium telluride photovoltaics
* Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells
* Printed solar panel
* Perovskite solar cell
* Heterojunction solar cell

|

System components|

* Solar panel
* Balance of system
* Solar charge controller
* Solar inverter
* Photovoltaic mounting system
* Solar tracker
* Solar shingles
* Solar mirror
* Synchronverter

System concepts|

* Maximum power point tracking
* Fill factor
* Concentrated photovoltaics
* Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector
* Space-based solar power
* PV system performance

Applications|

| Appliances|

* Solar-powered refrigerator
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* Solar Tuki
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* Solar-powered radio
* Solar-powered flashlight
* Solar-powered fan
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|

Land transport|

* Solar vehicle
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* The Quiet Achiever

Air transport|

* Electric aircraft
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* Solar panels on spacecraft
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* Solar Challenger

Water transport|

* Solar boat

Solar vehicle racing|

* Solar car racing
* List of solar car teams
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* World Solar Challenge
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* Victorian Model Solar Vehicle Challenge

Generation
systems|

| PV power station|

* List of photovoltaic power stations

|

Building-mounted|

* Rooftop photovoltaic power station
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* Solar Ark

By country|

* Australia
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PV companies|

| By country|

* List of countries by photovoltaics production

|

Individual producers|

* First Solar
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* Category
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Lists of renewable energy topics

Wind farm lists|

* List of onshore wind farms
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* Lists of wind farms by country
* List of wind farms in Australia
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* List of wind farms in Sweden
* List of wind farms in the United States
* List of wind turbine manufacturers

Solar power lists|

* Index of solar energy articles
* List of concentrating solar thermal power companies
* List of photovoltaics companies
* List of photovoltaic power stations
* List of pioneering solar buildings
* List of rooftop photovoltaic installations
* List of solar car teams
* List of solar powered products
* List of solar thermal power stations
* People associated with solar power

Other lists|

* List of books about renewable energy
* List of countries by electricity production from renewable sources
* List of energy storage power plants
* List of geothermal power stations
* Lists of hydroelectric power stations
* List of largest hydroelectric power stations
* List of people associated with renewable energy
* List of renewable energy organizations
* List of renewable energy topics by country
* List of U.S. states by electricity production from renewable sources

* v
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Solar power by country

Overview|

* Growth of photovoltaics
* List of photovoltaics companies
* List of countries by photovoltaics production (exports)

Africa|

* Algeria
* Morocco
* Somalia
* South Africa

Asia|

* China
* Georgia
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* Israel
* Japan
* Myanmar
* Pakistan
* Saudi Arabia
* South Korea
* Taiwan
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* UAE
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Europe|

* Albania
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North America|

* Canada
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Oceania|

* Australia
* New Zealand

South America|

* Brazil
* Chile

* Portals: Energy
* Renewable energy

* v
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Sustainability

* Outline
* Index

Principles|

* Anthropocene
* Environmentalism
* Global governance
* Human impact on the environment
* Planetary boundaries
* Development

Consumption|

* Anthropization
* Anti-consumerism
* Circular economy
* Durable good
* Earth Overshoot Day
* Ecological footprint
* Ethical
* Green consumption
* Micro-sustainability
* Over-consumption
* Product stewardship
* Simple living
* Social return on investment
* Steady-state economy
* Sustainability
* Advertising
* Brand
* Marketing myopia
* Sustainable
* Consumer behaviour
* Market
* Systemic change resistance
* Tragedy of the commons

World population|

* Control
* Demographic transition
* Dependency ratio
* List
* Family planning
* Intergenerational equity
* Population ageing
* Sustainable population

Technology|

* Appropriate
* Environmental technology
* Natural building
* Sustainable architecture
* Sustainable design
* Sustainable industries
* Sustainable packaging

Biodiversity|

* Biosecurity
* Biosphere
* Conservation biology
* Endangered species
* Holocene extinction
* Invasive species

Energy|

* Carbon footprint
* Renewable energy
* Sustainable energy

Food|

* Civic agriculture
* Climate-smart agriculture
* Community-supported agriculture
* Cultured meat
* Sustainable agriculture
* Sustainable diet
* Sustainable fishery

Water|

* Air well (condenser)
* Bioretention
* Bioswale
* Blue roof
* Catchwater
* Constructed wetland
* Detention basin
* Dew pond
* Footprint
* Hydroelectricity
* Hydropower
* Infiltration basin
* Irrigation tank
* Marine energy
* Micro hydro
* Ocean thermal energy conversion
* Pico hydro
* Rain garden
* Rainwater harvesting
* Rainwater tank
* Reclaimed water
* Retention basin
* Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
* Scarcity
* Security
* Small hydro
* Sustainable drainage system
* Tidal power
* Tidal stream generator
* Tree box filter
* Water conservation
* Water heat recycling
* Water recycling shower
* Water-sensitive urban design

Accountability|

* Corporate environmental responsibility
* Corporate social responsibility
* Environmental accounting
* Environmental full-cost accounting
* Environmental planning
* Generational accounting
* Sustainability
* Accounting
* Measurement
* Metrics and indices
* Reporting
* Standards and certification
* Sustainable yield

Economic|

* Debt Sustainability Analysis
* Fiscal sustainability

Applications|

* Advertising
* Art
* Business
* City
* Cultural sustainability
* Climate finance
* Community
* Disinvestment
* Eco-capitalism
* Eco-cities
* Eco-investing
* Eco-socialism
* Ecovillage
* Environmental finance
* Green economy
* Construction
* Fashion
* Finance
* Gardening
* Geopark
* Green
* Development
* Infrastructure
* Marketing
* Green roof
* Greening
* Impact investing
* Landscape
* Livelihood
* Living
* Market
* Organic movement
* Organizations
* Procurement
* Refurbishment
* Socially responsible business
* Socially responsible marketing
* Sanitation
* Sourcing
* Space
* Sustainability organization
* Tourism
* Transport
* Urban drainage systems
* Urban infrastructure

Sustainable management|

* Environmental
* Fisheries
* Forest
* Humanistic capitalism
* Landscape
* Materials
* Natural resource
* Planetary
* Recycling
* Waste

Agreements and
conferences|

* UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
* Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
* Our Common Future (1987)
* Earth Summit (1992)
* Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992)
* Agenda 21 (1992)
* Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
* Lisbon Principles (1997)
* Earth Charter (2000)
* UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
* Earth Summit 2002 (Rio+10, Johannesburg)
* UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20, 2012)
* Sustainable Development Goals (2015)

* Category
* Lists
* Science
* Studies
* Degrees

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Companies by industry

Apparel|

* Fitness wear
* Lingerie
* Socks
* Sporting goods
* Swimwear

Energy|

* Chemical
* Oil and gas
* Oil exploration and production
* Oilfield service
* Public utilities
* Solar thermal power

Finance|

* Asset management
* Banks
* international
* investment
* Hedge funds
* Private equity
* Stock exchanges
* Venture capital

Food and beverages|

* Beer and breweries
* Casual dining
* Champagne houses
* Cheesemakers
* Chocolate
* Coffee
* Coffeehouses
* Fast food
* Food
* Ice cream parlors
* Pizza
* Restaurant chains
* Revolving
* Soft drinks
* Tea
* Vineyards and wineries

Healthcare|

* Biotechnology
* Health club
* Pharmaceutical

Manufacturing|

* Aerial lift
* Aircraft
* Astronomical instruments
* Automobile
* Bicycles
* CIGS
* Cymbals
* Dump trucks
* Horns
* Locomotive
* Microphone
* Modern armament
* Motorcycles
* Radio-controlled model aircraft kits
* Rolling stock
* Scooters
* Silicon
* Steel
* Stuffed toys
* Traction motors
* Tractors
* Tram
* Wind turbines

Media and entertainment|

* Animation
* anime
* Cable television
* Children's book publishers
* Film production
* Pornography
* Record labels
* Satellite television
* Television networks
* Television production
* Video games

Retail|

* Book clubs
* Bookstores
* chains
* independent
* LGBT
* Convenience
* Cooperatives
* Department
* Games
* Hypermarkets
* Pharmacies
* Supermarkets
* Superstores

Services|

* Casinos
* Hotels
* Law firms
* Management consulting
* Marketing research

Sports|

* Cycling
* Disc golf
* Golf
* Mountaineering
* Skateboarding
* Skiing
* Swimming

Technology|

* Advertising technology
* Artificial intelligence
* Computer-aided design
* Computer hardware
* Computer systems
* laptops
* Consumer electronics
* Electric vehicle batteries
* Electronic design automation
* Flash memory controllers
* Graphics chips and cards
* Hard disk drives
* defunct
* Photovoltaics
* Printers
* Semiconductor
* IP core
* Solid-state drives
* Telecommunications
* Touch input
* VoIP

Transportation|

* Airlines
* charter
* defunct
* flag
* holding
* low-cost
* passenger
* regional
* Bus
* Cruise lines
* Ferry
* Railway
* Ship
* automobile
* freight
* passenger

1. ^ "Energy Solutions".

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