List of political parties in Germany

This article is part of a series on the

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The Federal Republic of Germany has a plural multi-party system. Historically, the largest by members and parliament seats are the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), with its sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU) and Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Germany also has a number of other parties, in recent history most importantly the Free Democratic Party (FDP), Alliance 90/The Greens, The Left, and more recently the Alternative for Germany (AfD). The federal government of Germany often consisted of a coalition of a major and a minor party, specifically CDU/CSU and FDP or SPD and FDP, and from 1998 to 2005 SPD and Greens. From 1966 to 1969, from 2005 to 2009 and from 2013 to 2021, the federal government consisted of a coalition of the two major parties, called a grand coalition.[1]

Coalitions in the Bundestag and state legislatures are often described by party colors. Party colors are red for the Social Democratic Party, green for Alliance 90/The Greens, yellow for the Free Democratic Party, purple (officially red, which is customarily used for the SPD) for the Left, light blue for the AfD, and black and blue for the CDU and CSU respectively.[2][3]

## Current parties

[edit]

Party membership in Germany (since 1945; East German parties joined in 1990)

### Parties represented in the Bundestag

[edit]

Party  | Abbr. | Ideology  | Political position  | European
Party | European
Group | Leader(s)  | MdBs | MEPs | MdLs | Membership

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  | Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands | CDU  |

* Christian democracy
* Conservatism

| Centre-right | EPP | EPP | Friedrich Merz |

164 / 630

23 / 96

525 / 1,893

| 363,100
|  | Christian Social Union in Bavaria
Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern | CSU  |

* Christian democracy
* Conservatism
* Bavarian regionalism

| Centre-right | EPP | EPP | Markus Söder |

44 / 630

6 / 96

85 / 1,893

| 131,000
|  | Alternative for Germany
Alternative für Deutschland | AfD  | Right-wing populism
National conservatism
German nationalism
Euroscepticism | Far-right | ESN | ESN | Tino Chrupalla,
Alice Weidel |

152 / 630

15 / 96

275 / 1,893

| 46,881
|  | Social Democratic Party of Germany
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands | SPD  | Social democracy | Centre-left | PES | S&D | Lars Klingbeil,
Saskia Esken |

120 / 630

14 / 96

455 / 1,893

| 365,190
|  | Alliance 90/The Greens
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen | GRÜNE  |

* Green politics
* Social liberalism

| Centre-left | EGP | Greens/EFA | Felix Banaszak,
Franziska Brantner |

85 / 630

12 / 96

314 / 1,893

| 166,000
|  | The Left
Die Linke | LINKE  | Democratic socialism
Left-wing populism | Left-wing | PEL | GUE/NGL | Jan van Aken,
Ines Schwerdtner |

64 / 630

3 / 96

117 / 1,893

| 102,412
|  | South Schleswig Voters' Association
Südschleswigscher Wählerverband | SSW  | Regionalism
Danish minority interests
Frisian minority interests |  | EFA | Greens/EFA | Christian Dirschauer |

1 / 630

0 / 96

4 / 1,893

| 3,216

### Parties represented in the European Parliament

[edit]

Party  | Abbr. | Ideology  | Political position  | European
Party | European
Group | Leader(s)  | MEPs | MdLs | Membership

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  | Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance
Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht | BSW  | Socialism
Cultural conservatism
Social conservatism
Left-wing populism | Left-wing to far-left[a] | \-  | NI | Sahra Wagenknecht,
Amira Mohamed Ali |

6 / 96

47 / 1,893

| 1,200[4]
|  | Free Democratic Party
Freie Demokratische Partei | FDP  | Liberalism
Classical liberalism
Conservative liberalism
Pro-Europeanism | Centre-right | ALDE | RE | \-  |

5 / 96

72 / 1,893

| 70,000
|  | Free Voters
Freie Wähler | FW  | Liberal conservatism
Regionalism
Soft Euroscepticism[5] | Centre-right | EDP | RE | Hubert Aiwanger |

3 / 96

43 / 1,893

| 6,225
|  | Volt Germany
Volt Deutschland | Volt  | Social liberalism
Pro-Europeanism
European federalism | Centre-left | VOLT | Greens/EFA | Lara Neumann, Tim Marton |

3 / 96

0 / 1,893

| 4,000
|  | Die PARTEI
Partei für Arbeit, Rechtsstaat, Tierschutz,
Elitenförderung und basisdemokratische Initiative | Die PARTEI  |

* Political satire
* Humanism
* Anti-fascism
* Environmentalism
* Pro-Europeanism

| Left-wing | \-  | NI | Martin Sonneborn |

2 / 96

0 / 1,893

| 51,078
|  | Ecological Democratic Party
Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei | ÖDP  | Green conservatism | Centre-right | EFA | EPP | Christian Rechholz |

1 / 96

0 / 1,893

| 8,035
|  | Party of Progress
Partei des Fortschritts | PdF  | Grassroots democracy
Liberalism
Social liberalism
Pro-Europeanism | Centre-left | \-  | NI | Lukas Sieper |

1 / 96

0 / 1,893

| 800
|  | Family Party of Germany
Familien-Partei Deutschlands | Familie  | Conservatism
Familialism
Social conservatism
Christian democracy | Centre-right to right-wing | ECPM | EPP | Helmut Geuking |

1 / 96

0 / 1,893

| 705
|  | Human Environment Animal Protection Party
Partei Mensch Umwelt Tierschutz | Tierschutzpartei  | Animal rights
Environmentalism | Left-wing | APEU | GUE/NGL | Aida Spiegeler Castaneda
Marcel Krohn
Robert Gabel |

1 / 96

0 / 1,893

| 2,400

### Parties only represented in state parliaments

[edit]

Name  | Abbr. | Ideology  | Political position  | EP party | EP group | Result in 2021 federal election | Leader(s)  | MdLs | Membership  | States

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  | Alliance Germany
Bündnis Deutschland | BD  | Conservatism | Centre-right to right-wing | \-  | ECR | \- (did not exist)  | Steffen Grosse |

7 / 1,893

| 1,000  | Bremen
|  | Values Union
WerteUnion | WU  | Conservative liberalism
National conservatism
Economic liberalism | Right-wing | –  | –  | – (did not exist)  | Hans-Georg Maaßen |

1 / 1,893

| 4,000[6] | Lower Saxony

### Minor parties

[edit]

Name  | Abbr. | Leader(s)  | Ideology  | Political position  | EP group  | Membership

|
|
|
|
|
|

|  | Action Citizens for Justice
Aktion Bürger für Gerechtigkeit | ABG  | Alfred Dorn | Direct democracy
Alternative medicine
Right-wing populism
Nationalism | Right-wing |  | 121
|  | Action Party for Animal Welfare
Aktion Partei für Tierschutz | Tierschutz hier!  | Thomas Schwarz | Animal rights
Animal welfare | Single-issue |  | 50
|  | Alliance C – Christians for Germany
Bündnis C – Christen für Deutschland | Bündnis C  | Karin Heepen & Ole Steffes | Conservatism
Christian fundamentalism | Right-wing | ECPM | 1,078
|  | Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection
Allianz für Menschenrechte, Tier- und Naturschutz | Tierschutzallianz  | Josef Fassl | Animal rights | Single-issue |  | 97
|  | Alliance for Innovation and Justice
Bündnis für Innovation und Gerechtigkeit | BIG  | Haluk Yildiz | Political Islam |  |  | 2,000
|  | Alliance of German Democrats
Allianz Deutscher Demokraten | AD-Demokraten  | Ramazan Akbaş | Conservatism
Political Islam |  |  | 2,500
|  | AlphaHHP
AlphaHHP - gesundheitspolitische Partei für Deutschland in Europa | AlphaHHP  |  | Anti-vaccination |  |  |
|  | Anarchist Pogo Party of Germany
Anarchistische Pogo-Partei Deutschlands | APPD  | Peter Vehreschild | Satire | Apoliticism |  | 2,512
|  | Arminius – Association of the German People
Arminius – Bund des deutschen Volkes | Arminius – Bund  | Johann Thießen | Russia German interests
German nationalism
Neo-nazism | Far-right |  | 40
|  | Awakening Peace-Sovereignty-Justice
Aufbruch Frieden-Souveränität-Gerechtigkeit | Aufbruch  | Markus Beisicht [de] | Russophilia
Antimilitarism
Anti-Atlanticism | Right-wing |  |
|  | Association for Freedom and Humanity
BUND FÜR FREIHEIT UND HUMANITÄT |  | Anton Stucki | Liberalism |  |  | 40[7]
|  | Basic Income Alliance
Bündnis Grundeinkommen | BGE  | Martin Sonnabend | Universal basic income | Single-issue |  | 350
|  | Basic Income for All [de]
Grundeinkommen für Alle | GFA  | Uwe Bjorck | Universal basic income | Single-issue |  | 27
|  | Bavaria Party
Bayernpartei | BP  | Florian Weber | Autonomism
Bavarian nationalism
Regionalism
Conservatism | Centre-right | EFA | 3,926
|  | Bergpartei, die "ÜberPartei"
Bergpartei, die Überpartei | B*  | Rico Tscharntke  | Post-left anarchy
Dadaism | Far-left |  | 229
|  | Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters
Brandenburger Vereinigte Bürgerbewegungen / Freie Wähler | BVB/FW  | Péter Vida | Regionalism |  |  | 910
|  | German Centre Party
Deutsche Zentrumspartei | ZENTRUM  | Christian Otte | Christian democracy
Conservatism
Social conservatism | Centre-right |  | 300
|  | Climate List Germany
Klimaliste Deutschland | KL  | Fabian Aisenbrey, Doris Vollmer | Climate change mitigation |  |  | 234
|  | Citizens for Germany
Bürger für Deutschland | BfD  |  | Direct democracy |  |  |
|  | Citizens for Progress and Change
Bürger für Fortschritt und Wandel | BFW  | Uwe Hück | Progressivism | Centre-left |  | 170
|  | Civic and Economic-Ecological Union
Bürgerliche und wirtschaftsökologische Union | BWUnion  |  | Liberalism
Nationalism |  |  |
|  | Civil Rights Movement Solidarity
Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität | BüSo  | Helga Zepp-LaRouche | LaRouche movement | Syncretic |  | 556
|  | Communist Party of Germany
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands | KPD  | Torsten Schöwitz | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-revisionism
Stalinism | Far-left |  | 165
|  | Democratic Alliance for Diversity and Awakening
Demokratische Allianz für Vielfalt und Aufbruch | DAVA  | Teyfik Ozcan | Turkish minority interests
Erdoğanism |  |  | 1,000
|  | Democratic Union of Germany
Demokratische Vereinigung Deutschland | DVD  | Werner Krüger | Reformism
Direct democracy
Universal basic income |  |  |
|  | Democratic Liberal LEAGUE
Demokratisch Liberale LIGA | LIGA  | Thomas H. Stütz | Conservatism | Centre-right |  |
|  | Democracy DIRECT!
Demokratie DIREKT! | DIE DIREKTE!  | Christian Rombeck | Direct democracy |  |  | 34
|  | Democratic Left
Demokratische Linke | DL  | Eckehart Ehrenberg | Democratic socialism | Left-wing |  | 43
|  | Ecological Left [de]
Ökologische Linke | ÖkoLinX  |  | Grassroots democracy
Eco-socialism
Anti-fascism | Left-wing to far-left |  | 350
|  | Ecological-Left Liberal Democratic Party
Ökolinksliberale Demokratische Partei | ÖLDP  | Bérangère Bultheel | Social democracy
Social liberalism
European Federalism | Centre-left |  | 70
|  | Educate Berlin!
Bildet Berlin! | Bildet Berlin!  | Florian Bublys, Tamara Adamzik | Education reform | Single-issue |  | 50
|  | European Party Love [de]
Europäische Partei Liebe | LIEBE  |  | European federalism
Subsidized marriage  |  |  | 53
|  | Feminist Party The Women
Feministische Partei Die Frauen | DIE FRAUEN  | Renate Schmidtsdorff-Aicher | Feminism |  |  | 400
|  | Free Citizens' Union
Freie Bürger Union | FBU  | Walter Pfleiderer | National liberalism
Conservatism
Nationalism | Right-wing |  |
|  | Free Citizens Central Germany
Freie Bürger Mitteldeutschland | FBM  |  | Regionalism |  |  | 35
|  | Free Horizon
Freier Horizont | FREiER HORIZONT  | Norbert Schumacher | Anti-Wind turbine | Single-issue |  |
|  | Free Parliamentary Alliance [de]
Freiparlamentarische Allianz | FPA  | Luca Piwodda | Participatory democracy |  |  | 200
|  | Free Saxons
Freie Sachsen | FS  | Martin Kohlmann | Saxon monarchism
Regionalism | Right-wing to Far-right |  | 1,200
|  | From Now on... Democracy Through Referendum [de]
Ab jetzt … Demokratie durch Volksabstimmung | Volksabstimmung  | Helmut Fleck | Direct Democracy
Nationalism | Right-wing |  | 350
|  | Future.
Zukunft. | Z.  | Lasse Lorenzen | Regionalism |  |  | 112
|  | future! [de]
future! | future!  | Stephan Bublitz | Youth interests  |  |  |
|  | Garden Party
Gartenpartei | Gartenpartei  | Roland Zander | Pro-Allotment
Environmentalism |  |  | 349
|  | German Centre
Deutsche Mitte | DM  | Sven Hüther | Right-wing populism
Anti-vaccination | Right-wing |  | 500
|  | German Conservatives
Deutsche Konservative | Deutsche Konservative  | Dieter Jochim | Conservatism
National conservatism | Centre-right to right-wing |  | 380
|  | German Communist Party
Deutsche Kommunistische Partei | DKP  | Patrik Köbele | Communism
Marxism–Leninism | Far-left |  | 2,850
|  | German Land Economy [de]
Deutsch Land Wirtschaft | DLW  | Benjamin Meise | Farmer interests  |  |  | 15[8]
|  | German Party – The Freedomites
Deutsche Partei – Die Freiheitlichen | DP  | Gerd-Uwe Dahlmann | National conservatism
German nationalism
Right-wing populism | Right-wing |  | 250
|  | German Sports Party
Deutsche Sportpartei | DSP  | Michael Möller | Grassroots democracy
Sport for social development
Anti-Doping |  |  |
|  | German Social Union
Deutsche Soziale Union | DSU  | Roberto Rink | National conservatism
Social conservatism | Right-wing |  | 1,060
|  | Germans Originating from all of Germany (Autochthons)
Aus Gesamtdeutschland stammende Deutsche (Autochthone) | AGsD  | Horst Zaborowski | Nationalism
Irredentism
Direct democracy |  |  |
|  | Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany
Basisdemokratische Partei Deutschland | dieBasis  | Reiner Fuellmich, Viviane Fischer | Anti-lockdown
Anti-vaccination |  |  | 24,000
|  | Human Economy Party
Humanwirtschaftspartei | HUMANWIRTSCHAFT  | Dieter Müller  | Freiwirtschaft |  |  | 110
|  | Human world - for the well-being and happiness of all
Menschliche Welt – für das Wohl und Glücklichsein aller | MENSCHLICHE WELT  | Michael Moritz  | Progressive utilization theory
Anti-vaccination
Pacifism |  |  | 669
|  | INDEPENDENTS for citizen-friendly democracy
UNABHÄNGIGE für bürgernahe Demokratie | UNABHÄNGIGE  | Werner Fischer | Non-partisan democracy
Direct democracy |  |  | 86
|  | Liberal Democrats – The Social Liberals
Liberale Demokraten – Die Sozialliberalen | LD  | Bernd Grothkopp | Social liberalism |  |  | 100
|  | Lobbyists for Children
Lobbyisten für Kinder | LfK  | Johanna Nelkner, Fabio Libonati | Children's rights |  |  | 100
|  | Lusatian Alliance
Lausitzer Allianz / Łužiska Alianca / Łužyska Alianca |  | Hannes Wilhelm-Kell | Regionalism
Progressivism
Ethnic minority interests |  |  | 90
|  | Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany
Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands | MLPD  | Gabi Fechtner | Marxism–Leninism
Communism | Far-left |  | 2,800
|  | Mindful Democrats
Achtsame Demokraten | Die Achtsamen  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Modern Social Party
Moderne Soziale Partei | MSP  |  |  |  |  |
|  | mut
mut | mut  | Claudia Stamm | Social liberalism | Centre-left |  | 400
|  | MERA25
MERA25 | MERA25  | Julijana Zita  | Progressivism
Direct democracy | Left-wing | DiEM25 | 2,000
|  | National Democratic Party of Germany
Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands | NPD  | Lennart Schwarzbach | Neo-Nazism | Far-right |  |
|  | neo. Wellbeing for all
neo. Wohlstand für alle | neo.  | Jörg Gastmann | Economic Balance System
Universal basic income
Grassroots democracy |  |  |
|  | New Strength Party
Neue Stärke Partei | NSP  | Sara Storch, Christoph Thews | Neo-Nazism | Far-right |  | 100[9]
|  | One for all - Party
Eine für Alle - Partei | Eine für Alle  |  | Grassroots democracy |  |  | 13
|  | Party for Franconia
Partei für Franken | DIE FRANKEN  | Robert Gattenlöhner | Regionalism |  |  | 237
|  | Party for Biomedical Rejuvenation Research
Partei für schulmedizinische Verjüngungsforschung | Verjüngungsforschung  | Felix Werth | Single-issue politics | Single-issue |  | 289
|  | Party of Humanists
Partei der Humanisten | PdH  | Felicitas Klings | Humanism
Secularism
Civil libertarianism
Social liberalism |  |  | 2,350
|  | Party of Reason
Partei der Vernunft | PdV  | Friedrich Dominicus | Right-libertarianism
Euroscepticism | Right-wing | EPIL  | 352
|  | PETO
PETO | PETO  | Lydia Hannawald | Youth interests  |  |  | 400
|  | Pirate Party Germany
Piratenpartei Deutschland | PIRATEN  | Borys Sobieski[10] | Pirate politics
E-democracy
Direct democracy
Social liberalism
European federalism | Centre-left | Greens/EFA | 5,541
|  | Renters Party
Mieterpartei | MIETERPARTEI  | Anke Hahn, Hartmut Bräunlich | Anti-high rent

Tenant rights

| Centre-left |  | 50
|  | Saxon People's Party
Sächsische Volkspartei | SVP  | Mirko Schmidt | Nationalism | Far-right |  |
|  | SGV – Solidarity, Equity, Change
SGV – Solidarität, Gerechtigkeit, Veränderung | SGV  |  | Anti-corruption |  |  |
|  | Socialist Equality Party
Sozialistische Gleichheitspartei | SGP  | Ulrich Rippert | Trotskyism | Far-left |  | 276
|  | Standing up socially just intelligent party
Aufstehen sozial gerechte intelligente Partei | Aufstehenpartei  | Paul Weiler | Left-wing populism | Centre-left to Left-wing |  |
|  | Statt Party
Statt Partei | STATT  | Robert W. Hugo | Populism |  |  | 200
|  | Transnational Unity, Solidarity, and Libertarianism Advocates
Transnationale Einheit´s, Solidarität´s und Libertarismus Advokaten | TESLA  | Norbert Wiesweg | Sinti and Romani interests  |  |  |
|  | The Justice Party – Team Todenhöfer
Die Gerechtigkeitspartei – Team Todenhöfer |  | Jürgen Todenhöfer | Anti-militarism
Populism |  |  | 5,314
|  | The Glass clear
Die Glasklar | DGK  | Marie-José Velonjara | Social democracy
Populism |  |  |
|  | The Federals
DIE FÖDERALEN | DIE FÖDERALEN  | Maren Zaidan | Liberalism
Federalism
Progressivism |  |  |
|  | The Grays – For all Generations
Die Grauen – Für alle Generationen | Die Grauen  | Michael Schulz | Intergenerationality |  |  | 135
|  | The Homeland
Die Heimat | HEIMAT  | Peter Schreiber | Neo-Nazism
Ultranationalism
Pan-Germanism
Anti-immigration
Revanchism | Far-right | APF | 3,000
|  | The House of Germany
Das Haus Deutschland | DHD  | Egbert Besler | Constitutionalism
Social democracy |  |  |
|  | The Reformers
Die Reformer | REFORMER  | Erich Schuster | Liberalism
Pro-Europeanism |  |  |
|  | The III. Path
Der III. Weg | III. Weg  | Matthias Fischer | Neo-Nazism
Strasserism
Ethnic nationalism
German nationalism
Hard Euroscepticism | Far-right |  | 642
|  | The Modernity
die Moderne |  | Martin Martens | Centrism | Centre |  |
|  | The New Centre
Die Neue Mitte - Zurück zur Vernunft | NM  | Christoph Hörstel | Sovereignism
Euroscepticism
Anti-vaccination
Anti-Zionism
Russophilia | Right-wing |  |
|  | The New Democrats
Die neuen Demokraten |  |  | Security |  |  |
|  | The Libertarians
Die Libertären | DIE LIBERTÄREN  | Dr. Mathias Hummel | Libertarianism
Laissez-faire
Economic liberalism |  |  |
|  | THE OTHERS
DIE SONSTIGEN | sonstige  |  | Democratic confederalism
Progressivism
Anti-militarism | Left-wing |  | 171
|  | The Party of Sorbians
die partei der sorben | PDS  | Lars Krause | Political satire
Sorbian Separatism
Anti-militarism |  |  |
|  | The Pink/ Alliance21
Die Pinken/Bündnis21 | BÜNDNIS21  |  | Anti-corruption |  |  | 450
|  | The Republicans
Die Republikaner | REP  | Tilo Schöne | German nationalism
National conservatism
Euroscepticism
Social conservatism | Right-wing |  | 4,533
|  | The Sharks – Party with bite
Die Haie – Partei mit Biss | HAIE  | Jan Heie Erchinger | Pragmatism | Centre |  |
|  | The Peace Party
Die Friedenspartei |  | Mahmoud Ahmed | Pacifism |  |  |
|  | The Urbans. A HipHop Party
Die Urbane. Eine HipHop Partei | du  | Niki Drakos, Raphael Hillebrand | Social justice
Environmentalism |  |  | 303
|  | The Violets
Die Violetten | Die Violetten  | Irene Garcia Garcia | Spiritualism
Direct democracy
Environmentalism |  |  | 678
|  | Thuringian Homeland Party
Thüringer Heimatpartei | THP  |  |  |  |  | 56
|  | We Citizens
Wir Bürger | LKR  | Jürgen Joost |

* Liberal conservatism
* Economic liberalism
* Soft Euroscepticism

| Centre-right to right-wing | ECR Party | 1,000
|  | V-Partei³ – Party for Change, Vegetarians and Vegans
V-Partei³ – Partei für Veränderung, Vegetarier und Veganer | V³  | Roland Wegner | Animal rights
Environmentalism |  |  | 1,200
|  | Waying C
Aufbruch C |  | Andreas Epp | Christian democracy
Conservatism | Right-wing |  | 74
|  | WiR2020
WiR2020 | W2020  | Wolfgang Romberg, Sonja Früh | Anti-vaccinationism
Anti-lockdown |  |  | 4,600

## Historical parties

[edit]

### Defunct parties in the Federal Republic of Germany

[edit]

Logo  | Name  | Abbr. | Leader(s)  | Ideology  | Est. | Diss. | Note

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  | 50Plus The generation alliance
50Plus Das Generationen-Bündnis | 50Plus  | Hans Werner Müller | Right-wing populism | 2004  | 2009  |
|  | Action Democratic Progress
Aktion Demokratischer Fortschritt | ADF  | Collective leadership | Communism | 1968  | 1969  |
|  | Action Group Fourth Party
Aktionsgemeinschaft Vierte Partei | AVP  | Christian Ernst Dietrich Bahner | National conservatism | 1975  | 1978  |
|  | Action Group of Independent Germans
Aktionsgemeinschaft Unabhängiger Deutscher | AUD  | August Haußleiter (1968–1980)  | German nationalism
Environmentalism
Neutrality | 1965  | 1980  | Merged into The Greens
|  | Active Democracy direct
Aktive Demokratie direkt | ADd  |  | Direct democracy
E-democracy | 2011  | 2016  |
|  | All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights
Gesamtdeutscher Block/Bund der Heimatvertriebenen und Entrechteten | GB/BHE  | Waldemar Kraft (1951–1954)  | National conservatism
German nationalism
Expellee interests | 1950  | 1961  | Merged into DP
|  | All-German Party of Germany
Gesamtdeutsche Partei Deutschlands | GPD  | Frank Seiboth, Herbert Schneider | National conservatism
German nationalism
Expellee interests | 1961  | 1981  | Merger of GB/BHE and DP
|  | All-German People's Party
Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei | GVP  | Gustav Heinemann | Anti-Western integration[de]
Christian democracy
Anti-militarism
Neutrality | 1952  | 1957  | Split from CDU, merged into SPD
|  | Alliance for Health, Peace and Social Justice
Allianz für Gesundheit, Frieden und soziale Gerechtigkeit | AGFG  | Matthias Rath | Alternative medicine | 2005  | 2009  |
|  | Alliance of Germans, Party for Unity, Peace and Freedom
Bund der Deutschen, Partei für Einheit, Frieden und Freiheit | BdD  | Josef Weber (1964–1968)  | Anti-Western integration[de]
Anti-militarism
Neutrality | 1953  | 1968  | Merged into DFU
|  | Alliance of the Centre
Allianz der Mitte | ADM  | Hans Weide | Conservatism | 2004  | 2012  | Merged into Deutsche Konservative
|  | Automobile Taxpayers Party
Automobile Steuerzahler-Partei | ASP  |  | Motorist interests  | 1993  | 2002  |
|  | Awakening of German patriots – Central Germany
Aufbruch deutscher Patrioten – Mitteldeutschland | ADPM  | Benjamin Przybylla | Right-wing populism
National conservatism
Nationalism | 2019  | 2020  |
|  | Awakening for civil rights, freedom and health
Aufbruch für Bürgerrechte, Freiheit und Gesundheit | AUFBRUCH  | Hans Christoph Scheiner | Anti-wireless expansion
Alternative medicine | 1998  | 2012  |
|  | Christian Centre
Christliche Mitte — Für ein Deutschland nach GOTTES Geboten | CM  | Josef Happel | National conservatism
Christian conservatism
Social conservatism | 1988  | 2016  | Still exists as a think tank
|  | Christian Falangist Party of Germany
Christlich Falangistische Partei Deutschlands | CFPD  |  | Falangism
Zionism | 2006  | 2009  |
|  | Christian League - The Party for Life
Christliche Liga – Die Partei für das Leben | LIGA  | Ewald Jaksch | Christian right
Conservatism | 1985  | 1995  |
|  | Citizens for Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Bürger für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | BMV  | Michael Bertram | Conservatism
Regionalism | 2018  | 2018  | Split from AfD, merged into Free Voters
|  | Citizens for Thuringia
Bürger für Thüringen | BfTh  | Ute Bergner | Right-wing populism | 2020  | 2024  | Merged into Values Union
|  | Communist League of West Germany
Kommunistischer Bund Westdeutschland | KBW  | Joscha Schmierer (1973–1982)  | Maoism | 1973  | 1985  |
|  | Communist Party of Germany (Roter Morgen)
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Roter Morgen) | KPD (Roter Morgen)  |  | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-revisionism
Hoxhaism | 1985  | 2011  | Split from KPD/ML
|  | Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Marxisten-Leninisten | KPD/ML  | Ernst Aust (1968–1983)  | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-revisionism
Hoxhaism | 1968  | 1986  | Newspaper still exists
|  | Communist Party of Germany
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands | KPD  | Max Reimann (1948–1956)  | Communism
Marxism-Leninism | 1918  | 1956  | Banned in 1956
|  | Democracy in Motion
Demokratie in Bewegung | DiB  | Julia Beerhold, Alexander Plitsch | Democratic socialism | 2017  | 2025  |
|  | Democratic Gay/Lesbian Party - The People's Party
Demokratische Schwul / Lesbische Partei - Die Bürgerpartei | DSLP  | Thomas Mosmann | Homonationalism
Anti-Islam | 2013  | 2016  |
|  | Democratic Left
Demokratische Linke | DL  |  | Socialism | 1967  | 1970  |
|  | Democratic Socialists
Demokratische Sozialisten | DS  |  | Eurocommunism | 1982  | 1991  |
|  | Democratic Party of Germany
Demokratische Parte Deutschlands | DPD  | Markus Giersch | Universal basic income
Grassroots democracy
Anti-Noise pollution | 2009  | 2015  |
|  | Drivers' and Peoples' Interest Party
Autofahrer- und Volksinteressenpartei | AViP  | Andreas Uhing | Motorist interests
Euroscepticism | 2011  | 2016  |
|  | Drivers' and Citizens' Interest Party
Autofahrer- und Bürgerinteressenpartei Deutschlands | APD  | Anton K. Marth | Motorist interests  | 1988  | 2002  |
|  | Equality Party
Gerechtigkeitspartei | G  |  |  | 1973  | 1978  |
|  | European Federalist Party
Europäische Föderalistische Partei | EFP  | Karl Hahn | European federalism | 1964  | 1994  |
|  | European Workers-Party
Europäische Arbeiter-Partei | EAP  | Helga Zepp-LaRouche | LaRouche movement | 1974  | 1986  | Succeeded by Patrioten
|  | Expellee and Migrants Party of Germany – Unity
Aussiedler und Migranten Partei Deutschland – EINHEIT | DIE EINHEIT  | Dimitri Rempel | Russophilia
Conservatism
Expellee interests | 2013  | ?  |
|  | Federation for a Complete Germany
Bund für Gesamtdeutschland | BGD  | Horst Zaborowski | Revanchism
Nationalism | 1990  | 2017  | Merged with AGsD
|  | Free Citizens' Initiative
Freie Bürger-Initiative | FBI  | Dr. Thomas Kernebeck | Direct democracy | 1994  | ?  |
|  | Free German People's Party
Freiheitliche Deutsche Volkspartei | FDVP  |  | Nationalism | 2000  | 2003  | Split from DVU, merged into DP
|  | Free German Workers' Party
Freiheitliche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei | FAP  | Friedhelm Busse (1988-1995)  | Neo-Nazism
Strasserism | 1979  | 1995  | Banned in 1995 (as organization)
|  | Free Union
Freie Union | FU  | Danny Hoffmann | Conservatism
Direct democracy
Economic liberalism | 2009  | 2019  |
|  | The Frisians
Die Friesen | FRIESEN  | Ralf Bieneck | Ethnic minority interests | 2007  | 2023  |
|  | German Community
Deutsche Gemeinschaft | DG  | August Haußleiter (1952–1965)  | German nationalism
Anti-militarism
Revanchism
Neutrality | 1949  | 1965  | Merged into AUD
|  | German Conservative Party - German Right Party
Deutsche Konservative Partei – Deutsche Rechtspartei | DKP-DRP  | Wilhelm Jaeger (1947–1949)  | National conservatism | 1946  | 1950  | Merged into DRP and DP
|  | German Democratic Party
Deutsche Demokratische Partei | ddp  | Thorsten Sandvoß | Third way
Universal basic income | 2004  | 2015  |
|  | German Empire Party
Deutsche Reichspartei | DRP  | Heinrich Kunstmann
Adolf von Thadden
Alexander Andrae | Neo-Nazism (after 1952)
Pan-Germanism
German nationalism | 1950  | 1956  | Merger of DRP and NDP
|  | German Freedom Party
Deutsche Freiheitspartei | DFP  | Heinrich Kunstmann | German nationalism
Strasserism
Neutrality | 1962  | 1964  | Split from DRP, merged into AUD
|  | German Freedom Party
Die Freiheit – Bürgerrechtspartei für mehr Freiheit und Demokratie | DIE FREIHEIT  | Michael Stürzenberger | Classical liberalism
Direct democracy
Right-wing populism
Hard Euroscepticism | 2010  | 2016  |
|  | German Party
Deutsche Partei | DP  | Heinrich Hellwege | German nationalism
National conservatism
Constitutional monarchism | 1947  | 1961  |
|  | German Party
Deutsche Partei | DP  | Adolf von Thadden (after 1967)  | National conservatism | 1961  | 1980  | Founded by former members of the 1947 DP
|  | German Peace Union
Deutsche Friedens-Union | DFU  |  | Pacifism
Neutrality
Anti-militarism | 1960  | 1984/90  |
|  | German People's Union
Deutsche Volksunion | DVU  | Matthias Faust (2009–2011)  | Pan-Germanism
National conservatism
Right-wing populism | 1971/87  | 2011  | Split from and merged into NPD
|  | German Protestant League
Deutsche Protestantische Liga | DEUPROLIGA  |  | Christian democracy | 2020  | 2023  |
|  | German Reconstruction Party
Deutsche Aufbaupartei | D|A|P  | Tobias Stober | D-Mark reintroduction  | 2017  | 2019  |
|  | German Social Union
Deutsch-Soziale Union | DSU  | Otto Strasser | Strasserism
Revolutionary nationalism | 1956  | 1962  |
|  | German Solidarity - Union for the Environment and Life Protection
Deutsche Solidarität – Union für Umwelt und Lebensschutz | Öko-Union  | Horst Götting | National conservatism | 1978  | 1997  | Split from AVP
|  | German Union
Deutsche Union | DU  | Siegfried Zoglmann | National liberalism | 1971  | 1980  |
|  | Gray Panthers
Graue Panther | Graue Panther  | Georg Schulte  | Green politics
Senior citizens interests  | 1989  | 2008  |
|  | Humanist Party
Humanistische Partei | HP  |  | New Humanism
Social liberalism
Grassroots democracy | 1984  | 2006  |
|  | Independent Workers' Party (German Socialists)
Unabhängige Arbeiter-Partei (Deutsche Sozialisten) | UAP  | Ulrich Villmow (1995–2014)  | Strasserism
Neue Rechte
European federalism
Democratic socialism | 1962  | 2014  | Split from DSU, unofficial successor
|  | Independent Workers' Party of Germany
Unabhängige Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands | UAPD  |  | Titoism
Trotskyism | 1950  | 1952  |
|  | Kreuzberg Patriotic Democrats/Realistic Center
Kreuzberger Patriotische Demokraten/Realistisches Zentrum | KPD/RZ  | Hans Joachim Grimm | Satire
Anti-fascism | 1988  | 2016  | Merged into Die PARTEI
|  | Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative
Arbeit und soziale Gerechtigkeit – Die Wahlalternative | WASG  | Klaus Ernst
Thomas Händel
Christine Buchholz
Axel Troost | Democratic socialism
Trade unionism | 2005  | 2007  | Merged into The Left
|  | League of German Communists
Bund Deutscher Kommunisten | BDK  |  | Communism
Marxism-Leninism | 1972  | ?  | Split from DKP
|  | Liberal People's Party
Freiheitliche Volkspartei | FVP  | Franz Handlos | National conservatism
Social conservatism | 1985  | 1992  | Split from The Republicans
|  | Maritime Union of Germany
Maritime Union Deutschland | MUD  | Konrad Fischer | Fishermans' interests
Social democracy
Euroscepticism | 2011  | 2012  |
|  | Mature Citizens
Die Mündigen Bürger | Mündige Bürger  | Erika Herbst | National conservatism
Alternative medicine
Esotericism | 1975  | 1994  |
|  | Motorist and citizens' interest party in Germany
Autofahrer- und Bürgerinteressenpartei Deutschlands | APD  | Anton K. Marth (1988–1995)  | Motorist interests  | 1988  | 2002  |
|  | Muslim Democratic Union
Muslimische Demokratische Union | MDU  |  | Islamism
Salafism | 2010  | 2014  | Merged into BIG
|  | National Democratic Empire Party
Nationaldemokratische Reichspartei | NDRP  |  | Neo-Nazism | 1950  | 1951  | Merger of multiple smaller parties,
succeeded by Young Party
|  | National Liberal Action
Nationalliberale Aktion | NLA  | Erich Mende | National liberalism | 1970  | 1971  |
|  | National Party of Germany
Nationale Partei Deutschlands | NPD  | Moritz von Faber (1956–62)
Wolf Ewert (1952–56)
Erwin Mebus (1950–52)  | Neutralism
National Bolshevism | 1950  | 1962  |
|  | Natural Law Party
Naturgesetz-Partei, Aufbruch zu neuem Bewusstsein | NATURGESETZ  |  | Transcendental Meditation | 1992  | 2004  |
|  | New consciousness - The holistic-esoteric party of Germany
Neues Bewußtsein die ganzheitlich-esoterische Partei Deutschlands | Bewußtsein  |  | New-Age movement
Esotericism | 1989  | ?  |
|  | New National Party
Neue Nationale Partei | NNP  | Jens Tholen | Civic nationalism
Social liberalism
Anti-fascism | 2014  | 2015  |
|  | Noise torture-Environment-Politics-Honest
Lärmfolter-Umwelt-Politik-ehrlich | LUPe  | Klaus Zimmer | Anti-Noise pollution | 2013  | 2016  |
|  | Parent Party
Elternpartei | Eltern  | Werner Jock | Parents' interests  | 2005  | 2010  |
|  | Party for a Rule of Law Offensive
Partei Rechtsstaatlicher Offensive | PRO  | Ronald Schill (2000–2003)  | Right-wing populism
Conservatism | 2000  | 2007  | Commonly known as Schill-Partei
|  | Party for Labour, Environment and Family
AUF - Partei für Arbeit, Umwelt und Familie - Christen für Deutschland | AUF  |  | Conservatism
Christian fundamentalism | 2008  | 2015  | Merged into Alliance C
|  | Party of Bible-abiding Christians
Partei Bibeltreuer Christen | PBC  | Gerhard Heinzmann | Christian right
Pentecostalism
Christian fundamentalism | 1989  | 2015  | Merged into Alliance C
|  | Party of Democratic Socialism
Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus | PDS  | Lothar Bisky (2003–2007)  | Democratic socialism
Left-wing populism | 1989  | 2007  | Merged into The Left
|  | Party of Non-Voters
Partei der Nichtwähler | Nichtwähler  | Werner Peters | Protest party
Direct democracy | 1998  | 2016  |
|  | Party of those willing to work and the socially disadvantaged
Partei der Arbeitswilligen und Sozial Schwachen | PASS  | Frank Knüppel (1998–2000)  | Protest party
Unemployed interests  | 1993  | 2009  |
|  | Patriots for Germany
Patrioten für Deutschland | Patrioten  | Helga Zepp-LaRouche | LaRouche movement
National conservatism | 1986  | 1992  | Succeeded by BüSo
|  | Peace List
Die Friedensliste | FRIEDEN  | 1984–1986:
Mechtild Jansen
Manfred Coppik
Hans Mausbach | Peace movement | 1984  | 1989  |
|  | Pensioners' Party Germany
Rentner Partei Deutschland | RENTNER  | Günter Pfeiffer | Senior citizens interests  | 2002  | 2016  |
|  | Pensioners' Party
Rentnerinnen- und Rentner-Partei | RRP  | Manfred Link | Senior citizens interests  | 2007  | 2016  |
|  | Pro Germany Citizens' Movement
Bürgerbewegung pro Deutschland | pro Deutschland  | Manfred Rouhs | Right-wing populism | 2005  | 2017  |
|  | Pro NRW
Bürgerbewegung pro NRW | pro NRW  | Markus Beisicht | Right-wing populism
Anti-immigration
Anti-Islam | 2007  | 2019  |
|  | Posadist Communist Party
Posadistische Kommunistische Partei |  | Paul Schulz | Posadism | 1969  | 2005  |
|  | Sarazzist Party ━ for Referendums
Sarazzistische Partei – für Volksentscheide | SPV  | Kai Schulze | Sarrazism
Direct democracy | 2010  | 2011  |
|  | Social People's Party
Soziale Volkspartei | SVP  | Ronny Grubert | Neo-Nazism
Militancy | 1999  | 1999  | Split from NPD
|  | Social People's Party of Germany
Soziale Volkspartei Deutschlands | SVD  | Wolfgang Staschen | Social democracy
Anti-immigration | 1984  | 1984  |
|  | Socialist Reich Party
Sozialistische Reichspartei Deutschlands | SRP  | Otto Ernst Remer
Fritz Dorls
Gerhard Krüger | Neo-Nazism | 1949  | 1952  | Banned in 1952
|  | Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin
Sozialistische Einheitspartei Westberlins | SEW  | Gerhard Danelius (1962–1978)  | Communism
Marxism-Leninism | 1962  | 1991  | Split from SED
|  | Spartacus League
Spartacusbund | SpB  |  | Trotskyism | 1974  | 1980s  |
|  | Red October
Roter Oktober | RO  |  | Communism
Marxism-Leninism | 2002  | 2009  | Split from KPD (RO)
|  | Revolutionary Socialist League
Revolutionär Sozialistischer Bund/Vierte Internationale | RSB  |  | Trotskyism | 1994  | 2016  | Merged into ISO
|  | The Blue Party
Die blaue Partei | Blaue #TeamPetry  | Frauke Petry | National conservatism
National liberalism
Euroscepticism | 2017  | 2019  | Split from the AfD
|  | The Grays – Gray Panthers
Die Grauen – Graue Panther | GRAUE  |  | Anti-Ageism
Green politics
Senior citizens interests  | 1989  | 2008  | Split into Die Grauen and Graue Panther
|  | The Right
Die Rechte | Die RECHTE  | Christian Worch | Neo-Nazism
Ultranationalism
Pan-Germanism
Anti-immigration
Historical revisionism | 2012  | 2025  |
|  | The Social Liberals
Die Sozialliberalen | SL  | Mikael Horstmann | Social liberalism
European federalism | 2014  | 2021  | Still exists as a think tank
|  | The Ungovernable - Autonomous List
Die Unregierbaren – Autonome Liste | U/AL  |  | Anti-fascism
Direct action | 1989  | 2009  |
|  | Union of Free Citizens
Bund freier Bürger | BFB  | Manfred Brunner | National liberalism
Right-wing populism | 1994  | 2000  |
|  | Union of Free Germany
Bund Freies Deutschland | BFD  |  | Right-wing populism | 1973  | 1977  |
|  | United Socialist Party
Vereinigte Sozialistische Partei | VSP  |  | Socialism | 1986  | 2000  |
|  | West German Women's Peace Movement
Westdeutsche Frauenfriedensbewegung | WFFB  | Klara Marie Faßbinder | German reunification
Anti-militarism
Pacifism | 1952  | 1974  |
|  | Woman's Party
Frauenpartei | Frauen  | Sibylle Schücking-Helfferich | Feminism | 1979  | 1989  |
|  | Work for Bremen and Bremerhaven
Arbeit für Bremen und Bremerhaven | AFB  |  | Centrism | 1995  | 2004  |
|  | Workers' Party of Germany
Partei der Arbeit Deutschlands | PdAD  | Michael Koth | Juche
National Bolshevism | 1995  | 1998  |
|  | Workers' Party of Germany
Partei der Arbeit Deutschlands | PdAD  | Simon Bärmann | Social democracy
Progressive conservatism | 2017  | 2020  |
|  | Young Party
Junge Partei |  |  | Neo-Nazism
Neutrality | 1951  | 1951/2  |
|  | Youth and Development Party of Germany
Jugend- und Entwicklungspartei Deutschlands | JED  | Till Müller, Lukas Ostermann | Youth interests
Social liberalism
Cannabis legalization | 2017  | 2019  |

### Defunct parties in Allied-occupied Germany

[edit]

Logo  | Name  | Abbr. | Leader(s)  | Ideology  | Active  | Note

|
|
|
|
|
|

|  | Democratic People's Party
Demokratische Volkspartei | DVP  | Theodor Heuss | Liberalism | 1946–1948  | Merged into FDP
|  | German Conservative Party
Deutsche Konservative Partei | DKP  | Eldor Borck, Otto Schmidt-Hannover | National conservatism | 1946–1950  | Merged into DKP-DRP
|  | German Reconstruction Party
Deutsche Aufbaupartei | DAP  |  | Monarchism
German nationalism | 1945–1946  | Merged into DKP-DRP
|  | Lower Saxony State Party
Niedersächsische Landespartei |  |  | Regionalism
Christian conservatism
Establishment of Lower Saxony | 1945–1947  | Merged into DP
|  | National Democratic Party
Nationaldemokratische Partei | NDP  | Heinrich Leuchtgens | National conservatism | 1945–1950  | Only active in Hesse, merged into DRP
|  | Radical Social Freedom Party
Radikal-Soziale Freiheitspartei | RSF  | Richard Batz, Peter Thielen | Freiwirtschaft
Border abolition
Decentralization | 1946–1950  | Succeeded by HUMANWIRTSCHAFT

### Parties in East Germany

[edit]

Bloc | Logo  | Name  | Abbr. | Ideology  | Note

|
|
|
|
|

| Democratic Bloc and National Front |  |  | Socialist Unity Party of Germany
Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschland | SED  | Stalinism
Communism
Marxism-Leninism | "Leading Role" per 1968 Constitution, succeeded by PDS
|  | Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands | CDUD  | Christian socialism
Social conservatism | Merged into the CDU
|  | Liberal Democratic Party of Germany
Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands | LDPD  | Liberal socialism | Merged into Association of Free Democrats (partly)
|  | Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany
Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschlands | DBD  | Agrarianism
Agrarian socialism | Merged into CDUD
|  | National Democratic Party of Germany
National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands | NDPD  | Conservatism
National conservatism
Socialism | Merged into FDP

#### During transition (1989–90)

[edit]

Alliance | Logo  | Name  | Abbr. | Ideology  | Note

|
|
|
|
|

|  | Alliance 90 |  |  | Democracy Now
Demokratie Jetzt | DJ  | Democratic socialism | Merged into Alliance 90/The Greens
|  | Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
Initiative für Frieden und Menschenrechte | IFM  | Anti-Communism
|  | New Forum
Neues Forum | NF  | Progressivism
|  | Alliance for Germany |  |  | Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands | CDUD  | Christian democracy
Social conservatism
Anti-communism | Merged into the CDU
|  | Democratic Awakening
Demokratischer Aufbruch | DA  | Liberal democracy
Christian democracy | Merged into CDUD
|  | German Social Union
Deutsche Soziale Union | DSU  | National conservatism
Christian democracy
Social conservatism | Still exists, see Minor parties
|  | Association of Free Democrats |  |  | Liberal Democratic Party of Germany
Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands | LDPD  | Liberalism | Merged into FDP
|  | German Forum Party
Deutsche Forumpartei | DFP  | Liberalism
|  | Free Democratic Party
Freie Demokratische Partei | F.D.P.  | Liberalism
|  |  | Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany
Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschlands | DBD  | Agrarianism | Merged into CDUD
|  | Green Party
Grüne Partei | Die Grünen  | Green politics | Merged into Alliance 90/The Greens
|  | National Democratic Party of Germany
National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands | NDPD  | Centrism
National liberalism | Merged into FDP
|  | Social Democratic Party in the GDR
Sozialdemokratische Partei in der DDR | SPD  | Social democracy | Merged into SPD
|  | Socialist Unity Party of Germany━Party of Democratic Socialism
Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands━Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus | SED-PDS  | Democratic socialism | Later renamed to PDS
|  | United Left
Vereinigte Linke | VL  | Communism
Trotskyism
Socialism |

### Parties in the Saar Protectorate

[edit]

See also: Saar Protectorate § Minister-Presidents

Name  | Abbr. | Ideology  | Active  | Note

|
|
|
|

| Christian People's Party of Saarland
Christliche Volkspartei des Saarlandes | CVP  | Christian democracy
Conservatism | 1946–1959  | Later merged with the CDU
| Christian Social Union
Christlich-Soziale Union | CSU-S  | Christian democracy
Conservatism | 1955–1959  | Unofficial counterpart of the CSU
| Communist Party of Saarland
Kommunistische Partei Saar | KP  | Communism
Marxism-Leninism | 1945–1957  | Counterpart of the KPD
| Democratic Party of Saarland
Demokratische Partei des Saarlandes | DPS  | Conservative liberalism
National conservatism | 1946–1957  | Later merged into the FDP
| German Democratic Union
Deutsche Demokratische Union | DDU  | Left-wing politics | 1955–1968  | Later merged with the DFU
| German Social Democratic Party
Deutsche Sozialdemokratische Partei | DSP  | Social democracy | 1952–1956  | Split from the SPS, later merged with the SPD
| Social Democratic Party of Saarland
Sozialdemokratische Partei des Saarlandes | SPS  | Social democracy
Democratic Socialism | 1946–1956  | Counterpart of the SPD
| Supranational European People's Party Saar
Übernationale Europäische Volkspartei saar | ÜEVPS  |  | 1955–?  |

### Parties in Weimar Republic

[edit]

Main article: Weimar political parties

Logo  | Name  | Abbr. | Ideology  | Political position  | Active  | Note

|
|
|
|
|
|

|  | Bavarian People's Party
Bayerische Volkspartei | BVP  | Political Catholicism
Bavarian regionalism
Conservatism
Constitutional monarchism | Right-wing | 1918–1933  |
|  | Centre Party
Deutsche Zentrumspartei | Zentrum  | Christian democracy
Political catholicism | Centre to centre-right | 1870–  |
|  | Christian Social People's Service
Christlich-Sozialer Volksdienst | CSVD  | Agrarainism
Conservatism
Political Protestantism | Centre-right | 1929–1933  |
|  | Communist Party of Germany
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands | KPD  | Communism
Marxism-Leninism | Far-left | 1918–1956 (West)
1918–1946 (East)  | Banned in West Germany, merged in East Germany
|  | Communist Party of Germany (Opposition)
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Opposition) | KPO  | Communism
Luxemburgism | Left-wing, Far-left | 1929–1939  |
|  | Conservative People's Party
Konservative Volkspartei | KPV  | Conservatism
Christian democracy | Right-wing | 1930–1933  |
|  | German Democratic Party
Deutsche Demokratische Partei | DDP  | Social liberalism
Progressivism | Centre-left | 1918–1930  |
|  | German National People's Party
Deutschnationale Volkspartei | DNVP  | Monarchism
Proto-fascism
National conservatism
German nationalism | Right-wing to Far-right | 1918–1933  |
|  | German People's Party
Deutsche Volkspartei | DVP  | National liberalism
Conservative liberalism
Economic liberalism
Constitutional monarchism | Centre-right | 1918–1933  |
|  | German Völkisch Freedom Party
Deutschvölkische Freiheitspartei | DVFP  | German nationalism
Völkisch movement
Antisemitism | Far-right | 1922–1925  |
|  | German State Party
Deutsche Staatspartei | DStP  | Liberalism
Nationalism
Corporatism | Centre-right | 1930–1933  | Short-lived merger of the DDP and Young German Order
|  | German Workers' Party
Deutsche Arbeiterpartei | DAP  | Pan-Germanism
German nationalism
Volksgemeinschaft | Far-right | 1919–1920  | Predecessor of the Nazi Party
|  | Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands | USPD  | Democratic socialism
Centrist Marxism
Pacifism | Left-wing | 1917–1931  |
|  | National Socialist German Workers' Party
Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei | NSDAP  | National Socialism | Far-right | 1920–1945  | Sole legal party of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. Banned after World War II
|  | Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands | SAPD  | Democratic socialism
Centrist Marxism | Far-left | 1931–1945  |

### Parties founded before World War I

[edit]

Name  | Abbr. | Ideology  | Active

|
|
|

| Bavarian Peasants' League | BB  | Agrarianism | 1893–1933
| Centre Party | Zentrum  | Christian democracy | 1870–
| Christian Social Party | CSP  | Traditionalist conservatism
Christian democracy
Anti-Semitism | 1878–1918
| Democratic Union | DV  | Liberalism
Laïcité | 1908–1918
| Free Conservative Party | FKP  | National conservatism | 1867–1918
| Free-minded People's Party | FVP  | Liberalism
Progressivism
Parliamentarism
Laicism | 1893–1910
| Free-minded Union | FV  | National liberalism | 1893–1910
| General German Workers' Association | ADAV  | Social democracy
Democratic socialism | 1863–1875
| German Conservative Party | DKP  | Conservatism
Anti-liberalism
Anti-Catholicism | 1876–1918
| German Fatherland Party | DVLP  | German nationalism
Monarchism
Militarism
Volksgemeinschaft | 1917–1918
| German-Hanoverian Party | DHP  | Conservatism
Federalism | 1867–1933
| German People's Party | DtVP  | Social liberalism
Federalism
Laïcité
Parliamentarism | 1868–1910
| German Progress Party | DFP  | Liberalism
Federalism | 1861–1884
| German Free-minded Party | DFP  | Liberalism
Progressivism
Parliamentarism
Laïcité | 1884–1893
| Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany | USPD  | Democratic socialism
Centrist Marxism
Pacifism | 1917–1931
| Lassallean General German Workers' Association | LADAV  | Social democracy
Lassallism | 1867–1873
| Liberal Union | LV  | Liberalism
Parliamentarism
Classical liberalism
Economic liberalism
Conservative liberalism | 1880–1884
| National Liberal Party | NLP  | National liberalism | 1867–1918
| National-Social Association | NSV  | Christian socialism
Social liberalism
Nationalism | 1896–1903
| Progressive People's Party | FVP  | Social liberalism
Parliamentarism
Laïcité | 1910–1918
| Social Democratic Party of Germany | SPD  | Social democracy | 1875–present
| Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany | SDAP  | Social democracy
Marxist socialism | 1869–1875

## See also

[edit]

* Lists of political parties; categories by country and ideology.
* History of Germany since 1945
* Liberalism in Germany

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ BSW is widely considered far-left, but it was also described as left-wing or left-conservative; the latter label is because some stances of the party on cultural issues are seen as conservative.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Chronik: Bundestagswahlen von 1949 bis 2002 | Deutschland | Deutsche Welle | 02.10.2005". Archived from the original on 8 November 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
2. ^ "Political parties form colorful spectrum in Germany". Deutsche Welle. 18 August 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
3. ^ The Green party: Getting used to opposition, Deutsche Welle, 24 August 2009, retrieved 12 October 2009, "This made a so-called Jamaica coalition with the Christian Democratic Union and the Free Democratic Party impossible."
4. ^ Deutsche Presse-Agentur (11 January 2025). "Mitgliederentwicklung 2024: Grüne und CDU legen zu". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Berlin. "Eine besondere Rolle nimmt das Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht (BSW) ein. Die Partei gründete sich im Januar 2024, der Berliner Landesverband erst Mitte Juli. Unter den 44 Gründungsmitgliedern auf Bundesebene waren 15 Berlinerinnen und Berliner, inzwischen sind es 115 von bundesweit rund 1.200." [The Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW) plays a special role. The party was founded in January 2024, with the Berlin state association not established until mid-July. Of the 44 founding members at the federal level, 15 were from Berlin; now, 115 of the approximately 1,200 members are from Berlin.]
5. ^ Skiadas, Christos H.; Bozeman, James R. (7 March 2019). "14: Visualizing the Political Spectrum of Germany by Contiguously Ordering the Party Policy Profiles". John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781119579533. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
6. ^ "CDU-Konservative: Was die Werteunion ist und was sie will - ZDFheute". 13 February 2020. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
7. ^ Dregger, Christa (19 May 2023). "Bund für Freiheit und Humanität: Die (vielleicht) kleinste Partei Deutschlands will einen politischen Rahmen für dezentrales Handeln schaffen". Zeitpunkt.
8. ^ Bildung, Bundeszentrale für politische (26 August 2024). "Deutsch Land Wirtschaft". bpb.de (in German). Retrieved 8 December 2024.
9. ^ "Verbindungen und Aktivitäten der rechtsextremen "Neue Stärke Partei"" (PDF). Bundestag. 29 December 2022.
10. ^ "Vorstand". Piratenpartei Deutschland (in German). Retrieved 28 December 2024.

## External links

[edit]

* Political Parties (Germany) \- List of German political parties since 1949
* Collection of all currently recognized political parties by the Federal Returning Office (in German)
* List of all registered political parties in the Federal Republic of Germany between 1969 and 2023 by the Federal Returning Office (in German)
* Overview of the elections since 1946 (Übersicht der Wahlen seit 1946) on the website of the Tagesschau \- Election results in Germany since 1946 on state, federal and European levels (German descriptions, but graphics and data can be accessed without these).

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in Germany

Represented in the Bundestag
(630 seats)|

* CDU (164)
* AfD (152)
* SPD (120)
* The Greens (85)
* The Left (64)
* CSU (44)
* SSW (1)

Represented in the
European Parliament
(96 seats for Germany)|

| Major parties|

* CDU (23)
* AfD (15)
* SPD (14)
* The Greens (12)
* CSU (6)
* BSW (6)
* FDP (5)
* The Left (3)
* FW (3)

|

Minor parties|

* Volt (3)
* Die PARTEI (2)
* PMUT (1)
* ÖDP (1)
* Family Party (1)
* Party of Progress (1)

Represented in the
16 state parliaments
(1,891 seats)|

| Major parties|

* SPD (450, 16/16)
* CDU (531, 15/16, not in Bavaria)
* AfD (285, 15/16)
* The Greens (285, 13/16)
* FDP (66, 8/16)
* The Left (85, 7/16)
* BSW (46, 5/16)
* FW (44, 3/16)

|

Regional parties|

* CSU (85; only in Bavaria)
* SSW (4; only in Schleswig-Holstein)

Minor parties|

* BD (7; in Bremen)
* Values Union (1; in Lower Saxony)

Minor parties
(without representation
at the state level or above)|

* Alliance C
* Animal Protection Alliance
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* Wir Bürger

Notes:

* CDU: does not participate in state elections in Bavaria, an associated party CSU participates here.

* AfD: is currently not in the state parliament of Schleswig-Holstein.

* The Greens: are currently not in the state parliaments of Brandenburg, Saarland and Thuringia.

* FDP: is currently only in the state parliaments of Baden-Württemberg, Bremen, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony-Anhalt, and Schleswig-Holstein.

* The Left: is currently only in the state parliaments of Berlin, Bremen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia.

* BSW: is currently only in the state parliaments of Berlin, Brandenburg, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony, and Thuringia.

* FW: is currently only in the state parliaments of Bavaria, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony; does not participate in state elections in Brandenburg, an associated party BVB/FW participates here.

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in Germany before 1945

* Communist

* Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
* Communist Workers Party of Germany (KAPD)
* Communist Party Opposition (KPO)

* Socialist
* Social Democratic

* General German Workers' Association (ADAV)
* Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD)
* Lassallean General German Workers' Association (LADAV)
* Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
* Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP)
* Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD)

* Catholic

* Bavarian People's Party (BVP)
* Centre Party (Zentrum)

* Agrarian

* Bavarian Peasants' League (BB)
* Agricultural League
* Christian National Peasants' and Farmers' Party (CNBL)
* German Farmers' Party (DBP)
* Schleswig-Holsteinische Bauern- und Landarbeiterdemokratie (SHBLD)

* Liberal

* German Democratic Party (DDP)
* German State Party (DStP)
* German People's Party (DVP)
* German People's Party (DVP), 1868 foundation
* German Progress Party (DFP)
* German Free-minded Party (DFP)
* Free-minded People's Party (FVP)
* Progressive People's Party (FVP)
* National Liberal Party (NLP)

* Conservative

* Conservative People's Party (KVP)
* Free Conservative Party (FKP)
* German Conservative Party (DKP)
* German National People's Party (DNVP)
* Christian Social Party (CSP)
* Christian Social People's Service (CSVD)
* Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation (RVA)

* Nazi

* German Socialist Party (DSP)
* German Workers' Party (DAP)
* German Völkisch Freedom Party (DVFP)
* National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP)
* National Socialist Freedom Movement (NSFB)

* Miscellaneous

* German-Hanoverian Party (DHP)
* Economic Party of the German Middle Class (WP)

See also|

* Political parties of German Empire
* Political parties of Weimar Republic

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