List of political parties in Italy

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This is a list of political parties in Italy since Italian unification in 1861.

Throughout history, numerous political parties have been operating in Italy. Since World War II no party has ever gained enough support to govern alone; thus, parties form political alliances and coalition governments.

In the 2022 general election, four groupings obtained most of the votes and most of the seats in the two houses of the Italian Parliament: the "centre-right coalition" composed of the Brothers of Italy, Lega, Forza Italia and minor allies; the "centre-left coalition" composed of the Democratic Party and minor allies; the populist Five Star Movement; and the liberal Action – Italia Viva (also known as "Third Pole").

Coalitions of parties for regional elections can be slightly different from those for general elections, due to different regional conditions (for instance, in some regions the Democratic Party and the Five Star Movement are in coalition, but not in others; same for the Democratic Party and the Third Pole) and the presence of several regional parties, some of which active only at regional level.

## History

[edit]

The first modern political party in Italy was the Italian Socialist Party, established in 1892.[1] Until then, the main political groupings of the country, the Historical Right and the Historical Left, were not classifiable as parties, but as simple groups of notables, each with their own electoral fiefdom, that joined together according to their own ideas.[2] From time to time, in the context of the Historical Far Left, other parties emerged: the Italian Republican Party, established in 1895,[3] and the Italian Radical Party, established in 1904.[4]

The Italian Socialist Party envisaged itself as a mass party, a form of party that would dominate throughout the 20th century. It was followed a few years later by the Italian People's Party, established in 1919. Both parties achieved electoral success until the advent of fascism, contributing decisively to the loss of strength and authority of the old liberal ruling class, which had not been able to structure itself into a proper party: the Liberals' grouping, launched in 1913, was not a coherent one and the Italian Liberal Party, formed in 1922, came too late. The beginning of 1921 saw the foundation of the Communist Party of Italy, born from a split of the Italian Socialist Party. Also in 1921, Benito Mussolini gave birth to the National Fascist Party, and the next year, through the March on Rome, he was appointed Prime Minister. In 1926, through the so-called leggi fascistissime (lit. 'very fascist laws'), all parties were dissolved except the National Fascist Party, which thus remained the only legal party in the Kingdom of Italy until the fall of the regime in July 1943. Meanwhile, following the dissolution of the Comintern in May 1943, the Communist Party of Italy was rebranded Italian Communist Party. The following September, six anti-fascist parties – the Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Communist Party, the Italian Liberal Party, the Action Party and the Labour Democratic Party — formed the joint National Liberation Committee, which gained official recognition as the representative of the Italian resistance movement (the Committee recognised the monarchy, thus the Italian Republican Party stayed out because of its full loyalty to republican principles). The parties of the Committee then formed, in various combinations, the governments of Italy from the liberation of Rome in 1944 until 1947, when the Socialists and the Communists were ejected.

In 1946, through a referendum, Italy became a republic and a Constituent Assembly wrote the republican Constitution. Between 1948 and 1992, the party system was dominated by two major parties: the Christian Democracy, the structural party of government, and the Italian Communist Party, the main opposition party.[5] Another stable opposition party was the post-fascist Italian Social Movement. For about half a century, following a so-called conventio ad excludendum of the Italian Communist Party,[6] the governments were led by the Christian Democracy, that chose its coalition partners among smaller parties situated either to its left or right: the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, the Italian Liberal Party and the Italian Republican Party.[7] Between 1981 and 1991, the Christian Democrats formed coalition governments named Pentapartito with all four of them.[8] That was the time when several northern regional parties, whose policy themes were federalism and autonomism, were established. In 1991 they federated themselves into Lega Nord, which became the country's fourth largest party in the 1992 general election.[9]

Between 1992 and 1994, the established party system was shaken by a series of corruption scandals known collectively as Tangentopoli. These events led to the disappearance of the five parties of government.[10] Consequently, the Italian Communist Party, which had evolved to become the Democratic Party of the Left in 1991, with the exit of the Communist Refoundation Party, and the post-fascists, who had launched National Alliance in 1994, gained strength. On the contrary, the Christian Democracy, which changed its name to Italian People's Party in 1994, lost its centrality in the Italian party system. Following the 1994 general election, media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi became Prime Minister at the head of a government composed mainly of his brand-new Forza Italia party, joined by several members of the defunct mainstream parties, National Alliance and Lega Nord.[11]

Between 1996 and 2008, the political parties were organised into two big coalitions, which took turns in government: the centre-right Pole for Freedoms, which was renamed House of Freedoms after the re-entry of Lega Nord in 2000, and The Olive Tree, lately part of a broader coalition named The Union, on the centre-left.[12] As for the centre-left, the Democratic Party of the Left changed its name again in 1998, becoming Democrats of the Left,[13] while in 2002 a new party called Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy was founded by the merger of some centrist parties (including the Italian People's Party). In 2008, following the fall of the centre-left government led by Romano Prodi, the Democratic Party (established in 2007 upon the merger of the Democrats of the Left and The Daisy) decided to break the alliance with the Communist Refoundation Party and other minor left-wing parties. Contextually, on the centre-right of the political spectrum, Forza Italia and National Alliance merged to form The People of Freedom,[14] which continued the alliance with Lega Nord and prevailed in the 2008 general election.[15]

In the 2013 general election, the party system was fragmented in four groupings: the centre-left alliance led by the Democratic Party; the traditional centre-right alliance between the People of Freedom, Lega Nord and the newly-founded Brothers of Italy (a right-wing split of the People of Freedom, formed mainly by former members of National Alliance); Beppe Grillo's Five Star Movement; and a new centrist coalition around the outgoing Prime Minister Mario Monti's Civic Choice party.[16] In November 2013, the national council of People of Freedom, at the behest of Berlusconi, suspended all party activities, to relaunch Forza Italia,[17] which would experience multiple splits. In the 2018 general election, the major groupings were reduced to three: the centre-right coalition, composed of Lega (Lega Nord's evolution on a countrywide scale), Forza Italia, Brothers of Italy and minor allies; the Five Star Movement (which was the single most voted party); and the centre-left coalition, composed of the Democratic Party and minor allies.[18] The centre-right coalition won a full majority in the 2022 general election, leading to a government led by Brothers of Italy's leader Giorgia Meloni (the first since 2008 to be formed by a coalition of parties having fought the election together), while the opposition was fragmented in three segments: the Democratic Party-led centre-left coalition; the Five Star Movement; and a centrist alliance between Action and Italia Viva (both splinter groups of the Democratic Party).

## Active parties

[edit]

### Parties represented in the Italian or European Parliament

[edit]

Party  | Founded  | Ideology  | Leader  | Deputies | Senators | MEPs | Associate parties

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Brothers of Italy
Fratelli d'Italia | 2012  | National conservatism
Right-wing populism | Giorgia Meloni |

117 / 400

66 / 200

24 / 76

| DB
DCR
| Democratic Party
Partito Democratico | 2007  | Social democracy | Elly Schlein |

70 / 400

37 / 200

21 / 76

| DemoS

CpE
| Lega[a] | 2017  | Right-wing populism
Conservatism | Matteo Salvini |

65 / 400

29 / 200

8 / 76

| Fassa
| Five Star Movement
Movimento 5 Stelle | 2009  | Populism
Green politics | Giuseppe Conte |

50 / 400

26 / 200

8 / 76

| Forza Italia | 2013  | Liberal conservatism
Christian democracy | Antonio Tajani |

48 / 400

20 / 200

8 / 76

| NPSI
| Action
Azione | 2019  | Liberalism | Carlo Calenda |

10 / 400

2 / 200

0 / 76

| Italia Viva | 2019  | Liberalism | Matteo Renzi |

7 / 400

7 / 200

0 / 76

| Green Europe
Europa Verde | 2021  | Green politics | Angelo Bonelli |

5 / 400[b]

1 / 200[b]

4 / 76

| Us Moderates
Noi Moderati | 2022  | Liberal conservatism
Christian democracy | Maurizio Lupi |

5 / 400

2 / 200

0 / 76

| CP
| Italian Left
Sinistra Italiana | 2017  | Democratic socialism
Eco-socialism | Nicola Fratoianni |

4 / 400[b]

2 / 200[b]

2 / 76

| South Tyrolean People's Party[c]
Südtiroler Volkspartei | 1945  | Regionalism
German-speaking minority interests  | Dieter Steger |

3 / 400

2 / 200

1 / 76

| More Europe
+Europa | 2017  | Liberalism
Pro-Europeanism | Emma Bonino |

2 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| RI

| Associative Movement of Italians Abroad
Movimento Associativo Italiani all'Estero | 2008  | Italians abroad interests  | Ricardo Antonio Merlo |

1 / 400

1 / 200

0 / 76

| Coraggio Italia | 2021  | Liberal conservatism | Luigi Brugnaro |

1 / 400

1 / 200

0 / 76

| Union of the Centre
Unione di Centro | 2002  | Christian democracy
Social conservatism | Lorenzo Cesa |

1 / 400

1 / 200

0 / 76

| Liberal Democratic Party
Partito Liberaldemocratico | 2025  | Liberalism | TBD |

1 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| South calls North
Sud chiama Nord | 2022  | Regionalism
Populism | Cateno De Luca |

1 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| Animalist Movement
Movimento Animalista | 2017  | Animal rights | Michela Vittoria Brambilla |

1 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| Progressive Party[d]
Partito Progressista | 2017  | Progressivism | Massimo Zedda |

1 / 400[b]

0 / 200

0 / 76

| Valdostan Union[e]
Union Valdôtaine | 1945  | Regionalism
French-speaking minority interests  | Cristina Machet  |

1 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| Campobase[f] | 2022  | Regionalism | Micheal Rech  |

0 / 400

1 / 200

0 / 76

Notes

1. ^ In 2020 the Lega politically replaced the Lega Nord, a federalist party established in 1991 and still legally active. The Lega is a confederal party, composed of 22 territorial divisions, some of which were autonomous parties before joining the Lega Nord: Liga Veneta, Lega Lombarda, Lega Piemonte, Lega Vallée d'Aoste, Lega Trentino, Lega Alto Adige Südtirol, Lega Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lega Emilia, Lega Romagna, Lega Liguria, Lega Toscana, Lega Marche, Lega Umbria, Lega Lazio, Lega Molise, Lega Campania, Lega Puglia, Lega Basilicata, Lega Calabria, Lega Sicilia and Lega Sardegna. The southern divisions of the party were originally organized into Us with Salvini in 2014 and later incorporated into the Lega in 2018.
2. ^ a b c d e Within Greens and Left Alliance.
3. ^ Active only in South Tyrol.
4. ^ Active only in Sardinia.
5. ^ Active only in Aosta Valley.
6. ^ Active only in Trentino.

### Parties represented within other parties in the Italian or European Parliament

[edit]

Party  | Founded  | Ideology  | Leader  | Deputies | Senators | MEPs | Affiliation

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Italy in the Centre
Italia al Centro | 2022  | Liberal conservatism | Giovanni Toti |

2 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| NM
| Populars Europeanists Reformers
Popolari Europeisti Riformatori | 2023  | Christian democracy
Liberalism | Elena Bonetti |

2 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| A
| Solidary Democracy
Democrazia Solidale | 2014  | Christian left | Paolo Ciani |

1 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| PD
| Cantiere Popolare[a] | 2012  | Christian democracy
Regionalism | Francesco Saverio Romano |

1 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| NM
| Christian Democracy with Rotondi
Democrazia Cristiana con Rotondi | 2023  | Christian democracy | Gianfranco Rotondi |

1 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| FdI
| Democratic Centre
Centro Democratico | 2012  | Christian left
Social liberalism | Bruno Tabacci |

1 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| PD
| Italian Radicals
Radicali Italiani | 2001  | Liberalism
Libertarianism | Matteo Hallissey  |

1 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| +E
| New Italian Socialist Party
Nuovo Partito Socialista Italiano | 2001  | Social democracy
Liberalism | Stefano Caldoro |

1 / 400

0 / 200

0 / 76

| FI
| Centrists for Europe
Centristi per l'Europa | 2017  | Christian democracy
Pro-Europeanism | Pier Ferdinando Casini |

0 / 400

1 / 200

0 / 76

| PD
| Fassa Association[b]
Associazione Fassa | 2008  | Ladin-speaking minority interests
Christian democracy | Luca Guglielmi  |

0 / 400

1 / 200

0 / 76

| Lega
| Diventerà Bellissima[a] | 2014  | Regionalism
Conservatism | Nello Musumeci |

0 / 400

1 / 200

0 / 76

| FdI

Notes

1. ^ a b Active only in Sicily.
2. ^ Active only in Fassa Valley, Trentino.

### Parties represented only in Regional Councils

[edit]

#### Countrywide parties

[edit]

Party  | Founded  | Ideology  | Leader  | Regional Council

|
|
|
|

| Italian Socialist Party
Partito Socialista Italiano | 2007  | Social democracy | Enzo Maraio  | Campania
Basilicata
Sardinia
| Possible
Possibile | 2015  | Social democracy
Green politics | Francesca Druetti  | Piedmont
Sardinia
| Populars for Italy
Popolari per l'Italia | 2014  | Christian democracy
Liberal conservatism | Mario Mauro | Molise
| Us of the Centre
Noi di Centro | 2021  | Christian democracy | Clemente Mastella | Campania
| Vita | 2022  | Populism
Anti-establishment | Sara Cunial | Trentino-Alto Adige

#### Regional parties

[edit]

Party  | Founded  | Ideology  | Leader  | Regional Council

|
|
|
|

| Civic Network
Rete Civica | 2019  | Regionalism | Fabio Protasoni  | Aosta Valley
| Edelweiss
Stella Alpina | 2001  | Regionalism
Christian democracy | Ronny Bobey  | Aosta Valley
| For Our Valley
Pour Notre Vallée | 2019  | Regionalism
French-speaking minority interests  | Fabio Gradi  | Aosta Valley
| For Autonomy
Pour l'autonomie | 2020  | Regionalism
French-speaking minority interests  | Aldo Di Marco  | Aosta Valley
| Mouv' | 2017  | Regionalism
Autonomism | Damien Charrance  | Aosta Valley
| Valdostan Alliance
Alliance Valdôtaine | 2019  | Regionalism
Progressivism | Albert Chatrian  | Aosta Valley
| Autonomy House
Casa Autonomia.eu | 2022  | Regionalism
Christian democracy | Paola Demagri
Michele Dallapiccola  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| Die Freiheitlichen | 1992  | Separatism
German-speaking minority interests  | Dietmar Zwerger  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| For South Tyrol with Widmann
Für Südtirol mit Widmann | 2023  | Regionalism
Christian democracy | Thomas Widmann  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| Futura Trentino | 2018  | Regionalism
Social democracy | Nicola Serra  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| Greens
Verdi–Grüne–Vërc | 1978  | Green politics | Felix Wohlgemuth
Marlene Pernstich  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| JWA List
JWA Liste | 2023  | Right-wing populism
Separatism | Jürgen Wirth Anderlan  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| The Civic List
La Civica | 2019  | Regionalism | Mattia Gottardi  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| Popular Autonomists
Autonomisti Popolari | 2017  | Regionalism
Christian democracy | Walter Kaswalder  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| South Tyrolean Freedom
Süd-Tiroler Freiheit | 2007  | Separatism
German-speaking minority interests  | Eva Klotz | Trentino-Alto Adige
| Team K | 2018  | Regionalism
Liberalism | Paul Köllensperger  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| Trentino Project
Progetto Trentino | 2008  | Regionalism
Christian democracy | Silvano Grisenti  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party
Partito Autonomista Trentino Tirolese | 1988  | Regionalism
Christian democracy | Simone Marchiori  | Trentino-Alto Adige
| Liga Veneta Repubblica | 1998  | Regionalism
Venetian nationalism | Fabrizio Comencini | Veneto
| FVG Project
Progetto FVG | 2018  | Regionalism | Sergio Bini  | Friuli-Venezia Giulia
| Pact for Autonomy
Patto per l'Autonomia | 2015  | Regionalism | Sergio Cecotti | Friuli-Venezia Giulia
| Slovene Union
Slovenska Skupnost | 1963  | Slovene-speaking minority interests  | Peter Močnik  | Friuli-Venezia Giulia
| Building Democracy
Costruire Democrazia | 2009  | Regionalism | Massimo Romano  | Molise
| Italy Is Popular
L'Italia è Popolare | 2017  | Christian democracy | Giuseppe De Mita | Campania
| Popular Apulia
Puglia Popolare | 2017  | Regionalism
Christian democracy | Massimo Cassano | Apulia
| Christian Democracy Sicily
Democrazia Cristiana Sicilia | 2020  | Christian democracy | Salvatore Cuffaro | Sicily
| Movement for Autonomy
Movimento per l'Autonomia | 2005  | Regionalism
Christian democracy | Raffaele Lombardo | Sicily
| Future Left
Sinistra Futura | 2023  | Regionalism
Democratic socialism | Luca Pizzuto  | Sardinia
| Sardinia 20Twenty
Sardegna 20Venti | 2013  | Regionalism | Stefano Tunis  | Sardinia
| Sardinia Alliance
Alleanza Sardegna | 2023  | Regionalism
Liberalism | Gerolamo Solina  | Sardinia
| Sardinian Action Party
Partito Sardo d'Azione | 1921  | Regionalism
Sardinian nationalism | Christian Solinas | Sardinia
| Sardinian Reformers
Riformatori Sardi | 1993  | Regionalism
Liberal conservatism | Michele Cossa  | Sardinia
| Shared Horizon
Orizzonte Comune | 2023  | Regionalism | Franco Cuccureddu  | Sardinia

### Non-represented parties

[edit]

#### Countrywide parties

[edit]

* 10 Times Better (est. 2017)
* 3V Movement (est. 2019)
* Alliance of the Centre (est. 2008)
* Alternativa (est. 2021)
* Anticapitalist Left (est. 2013)
* Atheist Democracy (est. 2009)
* August 24th Movement (est. 2019)
* CARC Party (est. 1992)
* CasaPound (est. 2003)
* Christian Democracy (est. 2002)
* Christian Democracy (est. 2004)
* Christian Democracy (est. 2012)
* Christian Popular Union (est. 2009)
* Communist Alternative Party (est. 2007)
* Communist Front (est. 2021)
* Communist Party (est. 2009)
* Communist Refoundation Party (est. 1991)
* Democracy and Autonomy (est. 2015)
* Europeanists (est. 2021)
* European Liberal Democrats (est. 2023)
* European Republicans Movement (est. 2001)
* Fascism and Freedom Movement (est. 1991)
* Fatherland and Constitution (est. 2018)
* Gay Party (est. 2020)
* Green Front (est. 2006)
* Humanist Party (est. 1984)
* I Change (est. 2013)
* Identity and Action (est. 2015)
* Independence (est. 2023)
* Internationalist Communist Party (est. 1943)
* Italexit (est. 2020)
* Italia in Comune (est. 2018)
* Italian Animalist Party (est. 2006)
* Italian Communist Party (est. 2016)
* Italian Democratic Socialist Party (est. 2004)
* Italian Liberal Party (est. 1997)
* Italian Marxist–Leninist Party (est. 1977)
* Italian Pirate Party (est. 2006)
* Italian Republican Party (est. 1895)
* Italy of Values (est. 1998)
* Liberal Democrats (est. 2007)
* L'Italia c'è (est. 2022)
* Marxist–Leninist Italian Communist Party (est. 1999)
* Moderates (est. 2005)
* National Front (est. 1997)
* Network of Communists (est. 1998)
* New Force (est. 1997)
* New Italian Social Movement (est. 2000)
* New CDU – United Christian Democrats (est. 2014)
* New Times – United Populars (est. 2023)
* Pensioners' Party (est. 1989)
* Popular Alternative (est. 2017)
* Popular Base (est. 2023)
* Power to the People (est. 2013)
* Renaissance (est. 2017)
* Revolutionary Communist Party (est. 2024)
* Ring Ring (est. 2024)
* Royal Italy (est. 1972)
* Social Democratic Rebirth (est. 1996)
* Social Democrats (est. 2022)
* Social Idea Movement (est. 2004)
* Socialist Risorgimento (est. 2015)
* The People of the Family (est. 2016)
* Tricolour Flame (est. 1995)
* Together (est. 2020)
* United Right (est. 2014)
* Volt Italy (est. 2018)
* Workers' Communist Party (est. 2006)

#### Regional and local parties

[edit]

* Autonomy South (est. 2012)[a]
* Citizens (est. 2003)[b]
* Democratic Republicans (est. 2004)[c]
* Fortza Paris (est. 2004)[d]
* Free Sardinia (est. 2012)[d]
* Free Sicilians (est. 2016)[e]
* Friulian Autonomist Movement (est. 2008)[b]
* Friulian Front (est. 2006)[b]
* Friuli Movement (est. 1966)[b]
* Future Sicily (est. 2015)[e]
* Great North (est. 2017)[f]
* Greens Greens (est. 1991)[g]
* Independence Republic of Sardinia (est. 2002)[d]
* Ladin Autonomist Union (est. 1983)[h]
* Lega Lombardo Veneta (est. 2008)[f]
* Lega Sud Ausonia (est. 1996)[a]
* Loyal to Trentino (est. 2003)[h]
* Movement for the Autonomy of Romagna (est. 1990)[i]
* Party of Sardinians (est. 2013)[d]
* Party of the South (est. 2007)[a]
* Party of Venetians (est. 2019)[j]
* People's Centre (est. 1998)[h]
* Political Action (est. 2017)[k]
* Project Republic of Sardinia (est. 2011)[d]
* Pro Lombardy Independence (est. 2011)[l]
* Red Moors (est. 2009)[d]
* Responsible Autonomy (2013)[b]
* Rhaetian Populars (1997)[m]
* Sardinia Free Zone Movement (est. 2012)[d]
* Sardigna Natzione Indipendentzia (est. 1994)[d]
* Schittulli Political Movement (est. 2009)[n]
* Sicilia Vera (est. 2007)[e]
* Sicilian Socialist Party (est. 2013)[e]
* Southern Action League (est. 1992)[n]
* The DemoKRats (est. 2009)[o]
* The Other South (est. 2008)[a]
* Tuscan Autonomist Movement (est. 1989)[p]
* Unidos (est. 2013)[d]
* Union of Sardinians (est. 1998)[d]
* Unitalia (est. 1996)[q]
* United Populars (est. 2008)[j]
* Venetian Independence (est. 2012)[a]
* We Sicilians (est. 1994)[e]
* We the South (est. 2010)[a]

Notes

1. ^ a b c d e f Active only in the Southern Italy.
2. ^ a b c d e Active only in Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
3. ^ Active only in Campania.
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Active only in Sardinia.
5. ^ a b c d e Active only in Sicily.
6. ^ a b Active only in the Northern Italy.
7. ^ Active only in Piedmont.
8. ^ a b c Active only in Trentino.
9. ^ Active only in Romagna.
10. ^ a b Active only in Veneto.
11. ^ Active only in Abruzzo.
12. ^ Active only in Lombardy.
13. ^ Active only in the Province of Sondrio.
14. ^ a b Active only in Apulia.
15. ^ Active only in Calabria.
16. ^ Active only in Tuscany.
17. ^ Active only in South Tyrol.

#### Overseas parties

[edit]

* South American Union of Italian Emigrants (est. 2006)

## Defunct parties

[edit]

### Defunct parties represented in the Italian or European Parliament

[edit]

#### Countrywide parties

[edit]

* Moderate Party (1848–1861)
* Dissident Left (1877–1887)
* Historical Far Left (1867–1904)
* Historical Left (1849–1913)
* Historical Right (1849–1913)
* Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919)
* Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919)
* Conservative Catholics (1913–1919)
* Democratic Party (1913–1919)
* Fasci Italiani di Combattimento (1919–1921)
* Italian Radical Party (1904–1922)
* Liberals (1913–1922)
* Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923)
* Combatants' Party (1919–1923)
* Economic Party (1919–1924)
* Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1925)
* Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926)
* Italian People's Party (1919–1926)
* Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1921–1926)
* Social Democracy (1922–1926)
* National Fascist Party (1921–1943)
* Italian Unionist Movement (1944–1948)
* Republican Democratic Concentration (1946)
* Action Party (1929–1947)
* Italian Democratic Party (1944–1947)
* Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948)
* Social Christian Party (1943–1948)
* Common Man's Front (1946–1949)
* Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951)
* Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951)
* National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954)
* Monarchist National Party (1946–1959)
* People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959)
* Peasants' Party of Italy (1920–1963)
* Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969)
* Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972)
* Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972)
* National Democracy (1977–1979)
* Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984)
* Radical Party (1955–1989)
* Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990)
* Rainbow Greens (1989–1990)
* Italian Communist Party (1921–1991)
* Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991)
* Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994)
* Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994)
* Christian Democracy (1943–1994)
* Liberal Democratic Pole (1994)
* Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)
* Socialist Rebirth (1993–1995)
* Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996)
* Federalist Italian League (1995–1996)
* Democratic Alliance (1993–1997)
* Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998)
* Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998)
* Union of the Centre (1993–1998)
* Social Christians (1993–1998)
* Republican Left (1994–1998)
* Labour Federation (1994–1998)
* Italian Socialists (1994–1998)
* Movement of Unitarian Communists (1995–1998)
* Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998)
* The Network (1991–1999)
* Pannella List (1992–1999)
* Democratic Union (1996–1999)
* Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999)
* Christian Democrats for Freedom (1998–2001)
* Union for the Republic (1999–2001)
* Italian People's Party (1994–2002)
* Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002)
* United Christian Democrats (1995–2002)
* Italian Renewal (1996–2002)
* The Democrats (1999–2002)
* European Democracy (2001–2002)
* Segni Pact (1993–2003)
* Bonino List (1999–2004)
* Autonomists for Europe (2000–c.2005)
* Democrats of the Left (1998–2007)
* Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007)
* Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007)
* Middle Italy (2006–2007)
* Federalist Party (1994–2008)
* Forza Italia (1994–2009)
* National Alliance (1995–2009)
* Social Action (2003–2009)
* Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009)
* Italians in the World (2006–2009)
* Liberal Populars (2008–2009)
* Democratic Left (2007–2010)
* Unite the Left (2008–2010)
* Force of the South (2010–2011)
* Popular Action (2010–2012)
* The Populars of Italy Tomorrow (2010–2012)
* Rights and Freedom (2012)
* Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)
* Critical Left (2007–2013)
* Federation of Christian Populars (2008–2013)
* The People of Freedom (2009–2013)
* Movement of National Responsibility (2010–2013)
* Popular Agreement (2012–2013)
* Great South (2011–2013)
* Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)
* I Love Italy (2008–2014)
* Future and Freedom (2011–2015)
* Italy Work in Progress (2014–2015)
* Alliance for Italy (2009–2016)
* Left Ecology Freedom (2010–2016)
* Conservatives and Social Reformers (2012–2016)
* The Right (2007–2017)
* New Centre-Right (2013–2017)
* Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017)
* Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)
* Civic Choice (2013–2019)
* Free Alternative (2015–2019)
* Direction Italy (2017–2019)
* X Movement (2014–2020)
* Energies for Italy (2016–2020)
* Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)
* Act! (2012–2022)
* Cambiamo! (2019–2022)
* Together for the Future (2022)
* Green Italia (2013–2023)
* Article One (2017–2023)
* Us with Italy (2017–2023)
* èViva (2019–2023)
* Green is Popular (2021–2023)
* Italy in the Centre (2022–2023)

#### Regional and local parties

[edit]

* Deutscher Verband (1919–1926)[a]
* List for Trieste (1978–2006)[b]
* Lega Alpina Lumbarda (1992–1996)[c]
* Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda (1996–2008)[c]
* I the South (2009–2016)[d]
* Union for Trentino (2008-2022)[e]
* Us with Salvini (2014–2018)[d]

Notes

1. ^ Active only in South Tyrol.
2. ^ Active only in the Province of Trieste.
3. ^ a b Active only in Lombardy.
4. ^ a b Active only in the Southern Italy.
5. ^ Active only in Trentino.

#### Overseas parties

[edit]

* Independent Alternative for Italians Abroad (2005–c.2006)
* For Italy in the World (2006)
* Italian Associations in South America (2005–c.2008)

### Defunct parties represented only in Regional Councils

[edit]

Countrywide parties

* Socialist Party (1996–2001)
* The Liberals Sgarbi (1999–c.2007)
* Bonino-Pannella List (2009–2012)
* Christian Democratic Party (2000–2013)
* Reality Italy (2013–2018)

Aosta Valley

* Valdostan Rally (1963–1977)
* Popular Democrats (1972–1984)
* Progressive Valdostan Union (1973–1984)
* Independent Autonomists (1991–1993)
* Progressive Democratic Autonomists (1984–1998)
* Autonomist People's Alliance (1992–1998)
* For Aosta Valley (1993–1998)
* Autonomists (1997–2001)
* Alé Vallée (2003–2007)
* Rainbow Aosta Valley (2003–2010)
* Vallée d'Aoste Vive (2005–2010)
* Valdostan Renewal (2006–2010)
* Alternative Greens (1990–2010)
* Autonomist Federation (1998–2014)
* Valdostan Autonomist Popular Edelweiss (2017–2018)
* Autonomy Liberty Participation Ecology (2010–2019)
* Progressive Valdostan Union (2013–2019)
* Civic Commitment (2018–2019)

Piedmont

* Piedmontese Union (1981–1992)
* Progett'Azione (2012–2014)

Lombardy

* Lega Nuova (1991–1992)
* Alleanza Lombarda Autonomia (1989–1996)

Trentino-Alto Adige

* Craftsman-Farmer Alliance (1964–1968)[a]
* Tyrolean Homeland Party (1964–1968)[b]
* Social Progressive Party of South Tyrol (1966–1978)[b]
* Social Democratic Party of South Tyrol (1972–1983)[b]
* New Left (1978–1983)
* Trentino Tyrolean People's Party (1948–1982)[a]
* Party of Independents (1972–1987)[b]
* Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Union (1982–1988)[a]
* Integral Autonomy (1982–1988)[a]
* South Tyrolean Homeland Federation (1974–1989)[b]
* Freedom Party of South Tyrol (1987–1989)[b]
* Lega Autonomia Trentino (1993–1996)[a]
* Trentino Tomorrow (1998–2003)[a]
* Democratic Union of Alto Adige (1993–2008)[b]
* Daisy Civic List (1998–2008)[a]
* United Valleys (2006–2008)[a]
* Ladins Dolomites (1993–2010s)[b]
* Democratic Party of South Tyrol (1997–2010s)[b]
* Administer Trentino (2008–2018)[a]
* Team Autonomies (2013–2018)[b]
* Trentino Civic List (2013–2019)[a]
* Citizens' Union for South Tyrol (1989–2020)[b]
* Act for Trentino (2016–2020)[a]

Veneto

* Union of the Venetian People (1987–1995)
* Lega Autonomia Veneta (1989–2000)
* North-East Union (1996–2010s)
* Party of Venetians (2010)
* Toward North (2010–2012)
* North-East Project (2004–2015)
* Veneto for the EPP (2005–c.2009)
* Independence We Veneto (2014–2017)
* Tosi List for Veneto (2015–2022)

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

* Lega Autonomia Friuli (1993–1990s)
* Reformist Popular Centre (1998–2003)

Marche

* Marche 2020 (2014–2015)

Lazio

* Cuoritaliani (2015–2018)

Molise

* Progressive People's Party (1993–2000s)

Campania

* Democratic Populars (2008–2010)
* Forza Campania (2014)

Apulia

* Apulia First of All (2005–2015)
* Moderates and Populars (2010–c.2015)

Calabria

* Southern Democratic Party (2006–2007)
* Autonomy and Rights (2010–2014)

Sicily

* Social Christian Sicilian Union (1958–1963)
* Liberal Socialists (1998–2003)
* Sicilian Spring (2001–2000s)
* New Sicily (2001–2008)
* Sicilian Alliance (2005–2008)
* Autonomist Democrats (2008–2009)
* Sicilian People's Movement (2012)
* Reformist Democrats for Sicily (2013–2014)
* Article Four (2013–2014)
* Pact of Democrats for Reforms (2014–2015)
* The Megaphone – Crocetta List (2012–2017)
* Democratic Sicily (2014–2017)
* Centrists for Sicily (2016–2017)
* Party of Sicilians (2012–2017)
* Now Sicily (2019–2022)

Sardinia

* Sardinian Socialist Action Party (1948–1949)
* New Movement (1997–2002)
* Sardinian People's Party (2000–2004)
* Democratic Federation (1994–2007)
* Sardinia Project (2003–2007)
* The Base (2010–2018)
* Civic Sardinia (2018–2023)

Notes

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Active only in Trentino
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Active only in South Tyrol

### Defunct non-represented parties

[edit]

#### Countrywide parties

[edit]

* Action Party (1853–1867)
* Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892)
* Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893)
* Futurist Political Party (1918–1920)
* Maximalist Italian Socialist Party (1932–c.1945)
* Party of the Christian Left (1939–1945)
* Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945)
* Democratic Fascist Party (1945–1946)
* Union of Socialists (1947–1949)
* Italian Nettist Party (1953)
* Independent Socialist Union (1953–1957)
* Popular Unity (1953–1957)
* Workers' Political Movement (1971–1972)
* Ordine Nuovo (1956–1973)
* National Vanguard (1960–1976)
* Lotta Continua (1969–1976)
* Italian (Marxist–Leninist) Communist Party (1968–1978)
* Autonomia Operaia (1973–1979)
* Democratic Union for the New Republic (1964–1980)
* Radical Federative Movement (1982–1985)
* Pensioners' National Party (1979–c.1990)
* Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) (1963–1991)
* Populars for Reform (1992–1993)
* Liberal Socialist Movement (1994–1996)
* Reformist Socialist Party (1994–1996)
* European Liberal Social Democracy (1994–1996)
* Federal Italy (1996–1998)
* Democratic Italy (1994–2000)
* Socialist League (2000–2001)
* Federalist Greens (1992–c.2006)
* Pact of Liberal Democrats (2003–2006)
* United Democratic Christians (2005–2008)
* Third Pole (2006–2008)
* The Italian Socialists (2006–2009)
* Movement for Italy (2008–2010)
* Movement for the Left (2009–2010)
* Popular Rebirth (2006–2010s)
* United Socialists (2009–2011)
* Extended Christian Pact (1994–2012)
* S.O.S. Italy (1996–c.2012)
* Rebirth of Christian Democracy (2000–2012)
* Amnesty Justice Freedom List (2012–2013)
* Federation of Liberals (1994–c.2014)
* The Rose for Italy (2008–c.2014)
* Act to Stop the Decline (2012–2014)
* Love Party (1991–c.2015)
* Italy First (2013–2015)
* Communist Party of Italy (2014–2016)
* Unique Italy (2014–2016)
* Democratic Union for Consumers (2007–2017)
* National Action (2015–2017)
* Progressive Camp (2017)
* Christian Revolution (2015–2018)
* Progressive Area (2017–2018)
* National Movement for Sovereignty (2017–2019)
* Good Right (2020–2023)

#### Regional and local parties

[edit]

* Communist Party of Sardinia (1943–1944)[a]
* Movement for Piedmontese Regional Autonomy (1955–1960s)[b]
* Movement for the Independence of the Free Territory of Trieste (1958–1980s)[c]
* Ossolan Union for Autonomy (1977–1980s)[d]
* Liga Veneta Serenissima (1984–1987)[e]
* Independentist Sardinian Party (1984–1994)[a]
* Union of the Venetian People (1987–1995)[e]
* North-East Movement (1997–c.1999)[e]
* Veneto Autonomous Region Movement (1987–2000)[e]
* Fronte Marco Polo (1999–2001)[e]
* Mancini List (1994–2005)[f]
* Populars' Coordination (2008–?)[g]
* Sardinian Autonomist Populars (2008–2009)[a]
* Venetians Movement (2006–2010)[e]
* Venetian People's Movement (2008–2010s)[e]
* Venetian National Party (2007–2011)[e]
* Community Democratic League (2011–2012)[e]
* Padanian Union (2011–2013)[h]
* A Manca pro s'Indipendèntzia (2004–2015)[a]
* Veneto State (2010–2016)[e]
* Venetian Left (2015–2017)[e]
* We Are Veneto (2016–2019)[e]

Notes

1. ^ a b c d Active only in Sardinia.
2. ^ Active only in Piedmont.
3. ^ Active only in the province of Trieste.
4. ^ Active only in the Ossola Valley.
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Active only in Veneto.
6. ^ Active only in Calabria.
7. ^ Active only in Campania.
8. ^ Active only in Lombardy.

## See also

[edit]

* List of political coalitions in Italy
* List of parliamentary groups in Italy
* List of political parties by region
* Table of political parties in Europe by pancontinental organisation

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Maurizio Degl'Innocenti (1983). Geografia e istituzioni del socialismo italiano, 1892–1914. Guida Editori. ISBN 9788870423143.
2. ^ Ubaldo Comite (2017). Un approccio manageriale alla gestione dei partiti politici. Franco Angeli Edizioni. p. 26\. ISBN 9788891749703.
3. ^ Corrado Scibilia (2016). Annali della Fondazione Ugo La Malfa XXV – 2010. Gangemi Editore. ISBN 9788849247404.
4. ^ Francesco Leoni (2001). Storia dei partiti politici italiani. A. Guida. p. 254\. ISBN 9788871884950.
5. ^ Robert Leonardi; Douglas A. Wertman (1989). Italian Christian Democracy: The Politics of Dominance. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 179\. ISBN 9781349088942.
6. ^ Sondra Z. Koff; Stephen P. Koff (1999). Italy: From the First to the Second Republic. Routledge. p. 65\. ISBN 9780415196642.
7. ^ Renato Brunetta (2001). "Italy's Other Left". Daedalus. 130 (3). The MIT Press: 25–45\. JSTOR 20027704.
8. ^ Martin J. Bull (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 295\. ISBN 9780199669745.
9. ^ Anna Cento Bull (2000). Social Identities and Political Cultures in Italy. Berghahn Books. p. 4\. ISBN 9781571819444.
10. ^ Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. 2014. p. 663\. ISBN 9781135179328.
11. ^ Nicola Maggini (2016). Young People's Voting Behaviour in Europe: A Comparative Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 55\. ISBN 9781137592439.
12. ^ Gianfranco Pasquino (2019). Italian Democracy: How It Works. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781351401081.
13. ^ Claire Annesley (2013). A Political and Economic Dictionary of Western Europe. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781135355470.
14. ^ Erik Jones; Gianfranco Pasquino (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 149\. ISBN 9780199669745.
15. ^ B. Turner (2017). The Statesman's Yearbook 2009. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 705\. ISBN 9781349740277.
16. ^ European Party Politics in Times of Crisis. European University Institute. 2019. p. 118\. ISBN 9781108483797.
17. ^ Gianluca Passarelli (2015). The Presidentialization of Political Parties. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137482471.
18. ^ Carmelo Lombardo; Christian Ruggiero; Edoardo Novelli (2020). La società nelle urne. Franco Angeli Edizioni. p. 30\. ISBN 9788835100645.

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in Italy

Chamber of Deputies|

* Brothers of Italy (117)
* Democratic Party (71) (incl. DemoS and CD)
* Lega (66)
* Five Star Movement (50)
* Forza Italia (48) (incl. NPSI)
* Action (10)
* Italia Viva (7)
* Greens and Left Alliance
* Green Europe [5]
* Italian Left [4]
* Progressive Party [1]
* Us Moderates (5)
* South Tyrolean People's Party (3)
* More Europe (2) (incl. RI)
* Animalist Movement (1)
* Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (1)
* Coraggio Italia (1)
* Liberal Democratic Party (1)
* South calls North (1)
* Union of the Centre (1)
* Valdostan Union (1)

Senate of the Republic|

* Brothers of Italy (66)
* Democratic Party (37)
* Lega (29) (incl. Fassa)
* Five Star Movement (26)
* Forza Italia (20)
* Italia Viva (7)
* Action (2)
* Greens and Left Alliance
* Italian Left [2]
* Green Europe [1]
* Us Moderates
* Union of the Centre [1]
* South Tyrolean People's Party (2)
* Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (1)
* Campobase (1)
* Coraggio Italia (1)

European Parliament|

* Brothers of Italy (24)
* Democratic Party (21)
* Five Star Movement (8)
* Forza Italia (8)
* Lega (8)
* Greens and Left Alliance (6)
* South Tyrolean People's Party (1)

Other parties in Regional councils|

* Aosta Valley
* Civic Network
* Edelweiss
* For Our Valley
* For Autonomy
* Mouv'
* Valdostan Alliance
* Piedmont
* Moderates
* Lombardy
* Renaissance
* Trentino
* Autonomy House
* La Civica
* Futura Trentino
* Popular Autonomists
* Trentino Project
* Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party
* Union for Trentino
* South Tyrol
* Team K
* Greens
* Die Freiheitlichen
* For South Tyrol with Widmann
* JWA List
* South Tyrolean Freedom
* La Civica
* Vita
* Veneto
* Liga Veneta Repubblica
* Friuli-Venezia Giulia
* Pact for Autonomy
* Slovene Union
* Abruzzo
* Political Action
* Molise
* Building Democracy
* Populars for Italy
* Campania
* Italy Is Popular
* Italian Socialist Party
* Us of the Centre
* Apulia
* Popular Apulia
* Basilicata
* Identity and Action
* Sicily
* Christian Democracy Sicily
* Movement for Autonomy
* Sicilia Vera
* Sardinia
* Civic Sardinia
* Sardinia 20Twenty
* Sardinian Action Party
* Sardinian Reformers
* Possible

* Historical Italian political parties
* 19th-century Italian political groups
* Early 20th-century Italian political parties
* 1950s–1990s Italian political parties

* v
* t
* e

Historical political parties in Italy

Communist|

* Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984)
* Italian Communist Party (1921–1991)
* Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991)
* Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)

Democratic socialist|

* Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893)
* Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892)
* Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972)
* Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998)
* Democratic Left (2007–2010)
* Left Ecology Freedom (2010-2016)

Green|

* Rainbow Greens (1989–1990)
* Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990)
* Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)

Social-democratic and liberal-socialist|

* Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926)
* Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930)
* Action Party (1929–1947)
* Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948)
* Union of Socialists (1948–1949)
* Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951)
* Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969)
* Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994)
* Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998)
* Labour Federation (1994–1998)
* Democrats of the Left (1998–2007)
* Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007)
* Article One (2017–2023)

Radical and social-liberal|

* Action Party (1853–1867)
* Italian Radical Party (1904–1922)
* Democratic Party (1913–1919)
* Social Democracy (1922–1926)
* Republican Democratic Concentration (1946)
* Radical Party (1955–1989)
* Democratic Alliance (1993–1997)
* The Network (1991–1999)

Centrist and centrist liberal|

* Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919)
* Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1919–1926)
* Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999)
* Union for the Republic
* Italian Renewal (1996–2002)
* The Democrats (1999–2002)
* Segni Pact (1993–2003)
* Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007)
* Civic Choice (2013–2019)
* Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)

Regionalist and federalist|

* Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951)
* Italian Unionist Movement (1944–1948)
* Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996)
* Federalist Italian League (1995–1996)
* Great South (2011–2013)

Christian-democratic|

* Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919)
* Conservative Catholics (1913–1919)
* Italian People's Party (1919–1926)
* Christian Democracy (1943–1994)
* Italian People's Party (1994–2002)
* Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998)
* Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002)
* United Christian Democrats (1995–2002)
* European Democracy (2001–2002)
* Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009)
* Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)

Conservative-liberal|

* Liberals (1913–1922)
* Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994)
* National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954)
* Union of the Centre

Liberal-conservative|

* Economic Party (1919–1924)
* Forza Italia (1994–2009)
* The People of Freedom (2009–2013)
* Future and Freedom (2010–2014)
* New Centre-Right (2013–2017)
* Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017)
* Direction Italy (2017–2019)
* Cambiamo! (2019–2022)

National-conservative|

* Common Man's Front (1946–1949)
* Monarchist National Party (1946–1959)
* People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959)
* Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972)
* National Democracy (1977–1979)
* National Alliance (1995–2009)

Nationalist|

* Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923)
* Combatants' Party (1919–1923)
* National Fascist Party (1921–1943)
* Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945)
* Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)

* List of political parties in Italy
* 19th-century Italian political groups
* Early 20th-century Italian political parties
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* Current Italian political parties

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* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

Other entities|

* European Union

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