List of political parties in Nepal

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The following is the list of political parties in Nepal registered in the Election Commission.[1]

## National parties

[edit]

A party registered with the Election Commission of Nepal is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils the two conditions listed below:[2][3]

* The party needs to win at least one FPTP seat in Pratinidhi Sabha.
* The party gets at least 3% of the total valid proportional representation (PR) votes in Pratinidhi Sabha.

There are currently eight national parties in Nepal.[4]

Party  | Founded  | Political
position  | Ideology  | Leader  | Federal Parliament | Provincial Assemblies | Local government

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Pratinidhi
Sabha | Rastriya
Sabha | Koshi | Madhesh | Bagmati | Gandaki | Lumbini | Karnali | Sudur­pashchim | Heads  | Councillors
|  | Nepali Congress
नेपाली काँग्रेस | 1950  | Centre to centre-left | Social democracy
Third way | Sher Bahadur Deuba |

88 / 275

16 / 59

29 / 93

22 / 107

37 / 110

27 / 60

27 / 87

15 / 40

18 / 53

331 / 753

13,773 / 35,097

|  | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एमाले) | 1991  | Left-wing[5] | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
People's Multiparty
Democracy | KP Sharma Oli |

79 / 275

11 / 59

40 / 93

23 / 107

27 / 110

22 / 60

29 / 87

10 / 40

10 / 53

205 / 753

11,929 / 35,097

|  | Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)[a]
नेपाल कमयुनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र) | 1994  | Far-left | Communism
Prachanda Path | Pushpa Kamal Dahal |

32 / 275

18 / 59

13 / 93

7 / 107

21 / 110

7 / 60

9 / 87

13 / 40

11 / 53

121 / 753

5,045 / 35,097

|  | Rastriya Swatantra Party
(National Independent Party)
राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी | 2022  | Centre to Centre-right | Economic liberalism | Rabi Lamichhane |

21 / 275

| —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
|  | Rastriya Prajatantra Party
(National Democratic Party)
राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी | 1990  | Centre-right to right-wing | Constitutional monarchism
Economic liberalism
Hindutva | Rajendra Prasad Lingden |

14 / 275

| —  |

6 / 93

1 / 107

13 / 110

2 / 60

4 / 87

1 / 40

1 / 53

4 / 753

305 / 35,097

|  | People's Socialist Party
जनता समाजवादी पार्टी | 2024  | Centre-left
to left-wing | Democratic socialism
Minority rights | Ashok Rai |

7 / 275

| —  |

1 / 93

| —  | —  | —  |

2 / 87

| —  | —  |

5 / 753

248 / 35,097

|  | Janamat Party
(Public Opinion Party)
जनमत पार्टी | 2019  | Centre-left | Social democracy
Regionalism
Madheshi rights  | Chandra Kant Raut |

6 / 275

| —  | —  |

13 / 107

| —  | —  |

3 / 87

| —  | —  |

2 / 753

96 / 35,097

|  | People's Socialist Party, Nepal
जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल | 2020  | Centre-left
to left-wing | Democratic socialism
Minority rights | Upendra Yadav |

5 / 275

3 / 59

| —  |

19 / 107

| —  | —  |

1 / 87

| —  | —  |

25 / 753

1,300 / 35,097

^ a: The NSP only collaborated with the CPN (MC) for the 2022 Nepalese general election using CPN (MC)'s election symbol as a common symbol for both the parties.[6] Out of their 32 seats combined in the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal, 2 seats are of the NSP: Mahindra Ray Yadav elected directly and Umrawati Devi Yadav from the PR Category. The NSP alone did not secure a national party status.

## Other parties currently represented in the Federal parliament

[edit]

A political party securing less than 3% of the PR votes will have to send its directly elected or FPTP candidates to the parliament as independent lawmakers. In other words, candidates from any political party failing to meet the criteria to become a national party will be ineligible to be represented in parliament as a party.[2][7]

There are currently five such political parties which failed to achieve national status yet are represented in Nepal's Parliament.[4]

Party  | Founded  | Political
position  | Ideology  | Leader  | Federal Parliament | Provincial Assemblies | Local government

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Pratinidhi
Sabha | Rastriya
Sabha | Koshi | Madhesh | Bagmati | Gandaki | Lumbini | Karnali | Sudur
pashchim | Heads  | Councillors
|  | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)
नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी) | 2021  | Left-wing | Communism
Marxist–Leninism
People's Multiparty
Democracy | Madhav Kumar Nepal |

10 / 275

8 / 59

4 / 93

7 / 107

7 / 110

1 / 60

1 / 87

1 / 40

4 / 53

20 / 753

987 / 35,097

|  | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal
(Democratic Socialist Party, Nepal)
लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल | 2021  | Centre-left | Social democracy
Third way | Mahantha Thakur |

4 / 275

1 / 59

| —  |

9 / 107

| —  | —  |

3 / 87

| —  | —  |

16 / 753

581 / 35,097

|  | Nagrik Unmukti Party
(People's Freedom Party)
नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी | 2022  | Centre-left | Social democracy
Tharu rights | Ranjeeta Shrestha |

3 / 275

| —  | —  |

1 / 107

| —  | —  |

4 / 87

| —  |

8 / 53

4 / 753

99 / 35,097

|  | Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party
(Nepal Workers Peasants Party)
नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी | 1975  | Far-left | Marxism–Leninism
Maoism
Juche | Narayan Man Bijukchhe |

1 / 275

| —  | —  | —  |

3 / 110

| —  | —  | —  | —  |

1 / 753

85 / 35,097

|  | Rastriya Janamorcha
(National People's Front)
राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा | 2006  | Far-left | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-federalism | Chitra Bahadur K.C. |

1 / 275

1 / 59

| —  | —  | —  | —  |

1 / 87

| —  | —  |

4 / 753

159 / 35,097

## Parties currently represented only in provincial assemblies

[edit]

Party  | Founded  | Political position  | Leader  | Provincial Assemblies | Local government

|
|
|
|
|

Head  | Councillors  | Local councils
|  | Hamro Nepali Party
(Our Nepali Party)
हाम्रो नेपाली पार्टी | 2022  | Big tent | Ananta Raj Ghimire | Bagmati |

2 / 110

| —  | —  | —
|  | Nepal Federal Socialist Party
नेपाल संघीय समाजवादी पार्टी | 2016  | Centre-left | Mohammad Rizwan Ansari | Madhesh |

1 / 107

| —  | —  | —

## Parties represented only in local government

[edit]

Party  | Political position  | Leader  | Local government

|
|
|

Head  | Councillors  | Local councils
|  | People's Progressive Party
जनता प्रगतिशील पार्टी | Centre-left | Hridayesh Tripathi |

1 / 753

22 / 35,097

| Marchawari
|  | Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party
(Terai Madhesh Democratic Party)
तराई-मधेस लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी |  | Brikhesh Chandra Lal |

1 / 753

12 / 35,097

| Janakpur &
Mahottari
|  | Bibeksheel Sajha Party
विवेकशील साझा पार्टी |  | Samikshya Baskota |

1 / 753

11 / 35,097

| Pheta
|  | Nepal Janata Party
(Nepal People's Party)
नेपाल जनता पार्टी | Right-wing | Tribhuvan Nath Pathak | —  |

10 / 35,097

| Kamala &
Kotahimai
|  | Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch
(Federal Democratic National Front)
संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय मञ्च | Centre-left | Kumar Lingden | —  |

9 / 35,097

| Chulachuli,
Kankai,
Pathibhara Yanwarak &
Sidingwa
|  | Nepali Congress (B.P.)
नेपाली कांग्रेस (बि.पी.) | Centre-left | Sushil Man Sherchan | —  |

7 / 35,097

| Amargadhi &
Ganyapadhura
|  | Nepal Loktantrik Party
(Nepal Democratic Party)
नेपाल लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी | Centre-left | Bhanuram Dagaura Tharu | —  |

7 / 35,097

| Kalaiya &
Lamki Chuha
|  | Rastriya Janamukti Party
(National People's Liberation Party)
राष्ट्रिय जनमुक्ति पार्टी | Centre-left | Khadak Prasad Palungwa | —  |

7 / 35,097

| Butwal,

Kaligandaki &
Mangsebung

|  | Bahujan Shakti Party
(Bahujan Power Party)
बहुजन शक्ति पार्टी | Centre-left | Bishwendra Paswan | —  |

6 / 35,097

| Krishnanagar &

Lakshminiya

|  | Bahujan Ekata Party Nepal
(Bahujan Unity Party Nepal)
बहुजन एकता पार्टी नेपाल | Left-wing | Harinandan Kumar Ranjan | —  |

5 / 35,097

| Barahathawa
|  | Nepal Sushashan Party
(Nepal Good Governance Party)
नेपाल सुशासन पार्टी |  | Ramesh Prasad Kharel | —  |

4 / 35,097

| Pokhariya
|  | Communist Party of Nepal Maoist Socialist
नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी माओवादी समाजवादी | Left-wing | Karnajit Budhathoki | —  |

2 / 35,097

| Sarkegadh
|  | Nepal Sadbhavana Party
(Nepal Goodwill Party)
नेपाल सद्भावना पार्टी |  | Ram Kumar Mahato | —  |

1 / 35,097

| Chhinnamasta

## Other parties

[edit]

Party  | Political position  | Leader

|
|

Nepal Pariwar Dal | Centre-right | Ek Nath Dhakal
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) | Left-wing | Chandra Prakash Mainali
Shree Mahendra Dal(Shreemad), Nepal  |  | Sushil K. Bisht
Khambuwan Rashtriya Morcha, Nepal |  | Ram Kumar Rai
Bouddhik Prajatantrik Parishad  |  | Laxman Rajbanshi
Jana Jagaran Party Nepal |  | Lokmani Dhakal
Samajvadi Janata Party  | Centre-left | Prem Bahadur Singh
Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch (Tharuhat)  |  | Rukmini Chaudhary
Madhesh Terai Forum  |  | Amar Yadav
Nepal Communist Party (Marxist)  | Far-left | Prakash Adhikari
Communist Party of Nepal | Far-left | Rishi Ram Kattel
Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum Madhesh |  | Bhagya Nath Gupta
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist-Socialist)  | Far-left | Bishnu Raj Aryal
Shiva Sena Nepal | Right-wing to far-right | Arun Subedi
Nepal Sukumbasi Party (Loktantrik) |  | Hukum Bahadur Lama
Bahujan Samaj Party Nepal | Centre-left | Ganga Prasad Mahara
Deshbhakta Paryabaraniya Samajik Morcha  | Centre | Surendra Prasad Dhakal
Rastrabadi Ekta Party |  | Uma Shrestha
Tamangsaling Loktantrik Party  |  |
Lok Dal |  | Kaushal Kumar Singh
Deshbhakta Samaj  |  |
Janashakti Nepal  |  | Ram Kumar Ojha
Miteri Party Nepal  |  |
Rastriya Shiva Sena Party  | Right-wing | Bikram Bahadur Bam
Akhanda Sudurpashchim Party Nepal  |  | Khagendra Awasthi
Nepal Prajatantrik Pragatisheel Party  |  |
Pichhadabarga Nishad Dalit Janajati Party  |  |
Janasamajvadi Party, Nepal  | Centre-left |
Churebhavar Loktantrik Party  |  | Bhumiraj Niraula
Rastriya Churebhavar Party  |  | Shiva Prasad Tamang
Chure Bhawar Rastriya Party  |  | Keshav Prasad Mainali
Chure Bhawar Rastriya Ekta Party Nepal |  | Badri Neupane
Rastriya Janata Dal Nepal |  | Bharat Prasad Mahato
Lok Kalyankari Janata Party, Nepal |  |
Nepal Samajbadi Party (Lohiyabadi) | Centre-left |
Gandhivadi Party Nepal  |  |
Rastravadi Party  |  |
Nepal Purvarastrasevak Loktantrik Party  |  |
Nepal Janaloktantrik Party  |  |
Nepal People's Party  |  |
Rastriya Jana Ekta Party |  |
Hamro Party  |  |
Nepal Dalit Party  |  |
Hamro Party Nepal  |  |
Yuva Nepal Party  |  |
Nepal Loktantrik Janata Congress Party  |  |
Nepal Samajwadi Janata Dal  | Left-wing |
Nepal Bahudal Party |  | Ambika Rana
Prajatantrik Shakti Party | Centre-right | Ganesh Bahadur Shrestha
Nepali Jantantra Party |  |
People's Progressive Party | Centre-left | Jukti Jung Lamichhane
Unnat Loktantra Party  | N/A  | Swagat Nepal

## Defunct parties

[edit]

This is a list of defunct political parties of Nepal that have had some representation in the legislature.

Party  | Founded  | Defunct

|
|

Nepal Rashtrabadi Gorkha Parishad[8] | 1951  | Unknown
Communist Party of Nepal | 1949  | 1962
Nepal Praja Parishad[9] | 1951  | 1961
Samyukta Prajatantra Party[10] | 1955  | Unknown
Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) | 1979  | 1991
Samyukta Janamorcha Nepal | 1991  | 2002
Communist Party of Nepal (United) | 1991  | 2005
Nepal Sadbhawana Party | 1981  | 2017
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Chand) | 1997  | 1998
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) | 1998  | 2002
Nepali Congress (Democratic) | 2002  | 2007
Janamorcha Nepal | 2002  | 2009
Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi) | 2003  | 2015
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified) | 2007  | 2013
Rastriya Janashakti Party | 2007  | 2013
Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal | 2007  | 2015
Sadbhavana Party | 2007  | 2017
Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party | 2007  | 2017
Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik) | 2009  | 2017
Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi) | 2010  | 2013
Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party Nepal  | 2010  | 2013
Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum (Republican)  | 2011  | 2017
Federal Socialist Party, Nepal | 2012  | 2015
Rastriya Madhesh Samajbadi Party  | 2013  | 2017
Terai Madhesh Sadbhavana Party | 2013  | 2017
Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal | 2015  | 2019
Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 2016  | 2019
Nepal Loktantrik Forum | 2017  | 2017
Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 2017  | 2020
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Democratic) | 2017  | 2020
Nepal Communist Party | 2018  | 2021
Samajbadi Party, Nepal | 2019  | 2020
Rastriya Sadbhavana Party  | Unknown  | 2013
Akhanda Nepal Party | Unknown  | 2017
Sanghiya Sadbhavana Party  | Unknown  | 2017
Samajbadi Janata Party | Unknown  | Unknown

## See also

[edit]

* Politics of Nepal
* List of communist parties in Nepal
* List of regional and ethnicity based parties in Nepal

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "दर्ता भएका राजनीतिक दलहरु (अधावधिक सुची)" (PDF). Election Commission.
2. ^ a b "Criteria for nat'l parties: 3 percent vote share, 1 FPTP seat a must". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
3. ^ "Seven parties secure national party status so far: Election Commission". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
4. ^ a b "प्रतिनिधिसभामा १२ दल, राष्ट्रिय पार्टी ७ मात्रै". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 2022-12-06.
5. ^ "Xi's Myanmar visit and China's Regional Diplomacy". Observer Research Foundation. 16 January 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020. "President Xi's visit to Nepal in October 2019 came when the ruling communist party in Nepal has consolidated power following the merger of two major left-wing parties to form Nepal Communist Party (NCP) in May 2018."
6. ^ "Maoist Center and NSP jointly registered at EC". My República. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
7. ^ "3 pc threshold proposed for parliamentary polls". My República. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
8. ^ Bajracharya, Bhadra Ratha/Sharma, Sita Ram/Bakshi S.R.. Political development in Nepal. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1993. p. 114, 115
9. ^ Whelpton, John (2005), A History of Nepal, New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 96, ISBN 978-0521804707
10. ^ Śrīvāstava, Kāśī Prasāda (1986). Nepāla kā itihāsa (in Hindi). Atmaram & Sons. ISBN 978-81-7043-045-2.

## External links

[edit]

* List of parties at the Election Commission of Nepal

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List of political parties in Asia

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