List of political parties in Russia

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This article discusses political parties in Russia.

The Russian Federation has a de jure multi-party system, however it operates as a dominant-party system. As of 2020[update], six parties have members in the federal parliament, the State Duma, with one dominant party (United Russia). As of July 2023[update], 27 political parties[1] are officially registered in the Russian Federation, 25 of which have the right to participate in elections.[2]

## History

[edit]

Certificate of state registration of political parties in Russia, issued by the Ministry of Justice of Russia

After the Perestroika reforms in the 1980s Russia had over 100 registered parties, but the people elected to the State Duma represented only a small number of parties. After 2000, during Vladimir Putin's first presidency (2000–2008), the number of parties quickly decreased. From 2008 to 2012 there were only seven parties in Russia, and every new attempt to register new parties was blocked. The last registered party of this period was the government-organized Right Cause (now the Party of Growth) which was registered on 18 February 2009. Before the 2011 parliamentary election, about 10 opposition parties were denied registration.

In 2001, the federal law "On political parties" was adopted. All parties had to be re-registered. Parties have been assigned the status of the only type of public association that has the right to independently nominate candidates for deputies and other elective positions in government bodies. One of the major provisions of the law is the establishment of a single national status of a political party, and, as a result, the liquidation of regional and interregional political public associations.[3] According to paragraph 1 of Article 3 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 95-FZ “On Political Parties”, a political party in Russia is recognized as "a public association created for the purpose of participation of citizens of the Russian Federation in the political life of society through the formation and expression of their political will, participation in public and political actions, in elections and referendums, as well as in order to represent the interests of citizens in state authorities and local governments".[4]

In December 2004, amendments were introduced requiring a minimum number of party members of 50,000 and the presence of more than 45 regional branches of 500 people each. By January 1, 2006, all parties had to submit documents proving that their party structures complied with the requirements of the law on the minimum number of members and the number of regional branches.[3][5]

In 2009, a bill was introduced to reduce the minimum number of party members from 50,000 to 45,000, and from 500 to 450 members in regional branches. This law came into effect on January 1, 2010. The minimum number of party members was reduced again on January 1, 2012, to 40,000 and to 400 members per regional branch.[6]

On February 28, 2012, an election law was adopted meaning parties were exempted from collecting signatures and making a cash deposit for nominating a party and its candidate, and gubernatorial elections were restored. The number of required signatures for candidates for the presidential elections was reduced from 2 million to 100,000 for party candidates, and 300,000 for self-nominated candidates. The electoral threshold for parties was also reduced from 7% to 5%.[7]

On March 20, 2012, the State Duma approved a presidential bill to reduce the minimum number of political party members from 40,000 to only 500 people, and from 500 to 5 members for a regional branch.

However, after a series of mass protests and a 2011 European Court decision on the case of the Republican Party of Russia (now the People's Freedom Party), the law changed and the number of registered parties quickly increased to more than 48 as of December 2012[update].

### Party of Power

[edit]

Main article: Party of power

A "party of power" refers to a political party that has a close relationship with the executive branch of government such that the party appears to function as an extension of the executive rather than as an autonomous political organization.[8][9] The concept resembles that of a cartel party.[9] These parties are considered by some to have been especially established for support of the incumbent president or prime minister in the Russian parliament:

* Inter-regional Deputies Group/Democratic Russia (1990–1993, Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union/Congress of People's Deputies of Russia/Supreme Soviet of Russia)
* Democratic Choice of Russia (1993–1994)
* Our Home – Russia (1995–1999)
* Unity (1999–2001/2003)
* A Just Russia - For Truth (the second "party of power", supporting Vladimir Putin and opposing United Russia)
* United Russia (2001–present)

## Voter demographics

[edit]

This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Second paragraph. Please help improve this section if you can. (December 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

According to studies, United Russia voters in 2007 were younger and more market-oriented than the average voter. The party's electorate includes a substantial share of government employees, pensioners and military personnel, who are dependent on the state for their livelihood.[10] Sixty-four percent of United Russia supporters are female. In the run-up to the 2011 Duma elections, it was reported that support for United Russia was growing among young people.[11]

In April 2023, a survey on the issue of the dissolution of the United Russia Party was conducted among Russians. About 2,500 people participated in the survey, mostly aged 45+. The question was "Is it necessary to dissolve the United Russia party with the inability of its members to participate in political life in the future?" the answers were distributed as follows: 65% stated: "I am for dissolution without permission to participate in political life in the future", 3% stated "I am against dissolution", 6% stated "I am for dissolution, but with permission to participate in political life in the future", and 26% stated "I am for the dissolution of all bourgeois parties".[12]

## Current parties

[edit]

All parties registered with the Ministry of Justice have the right to participate in any elections across the country. A list of registered parties is placed on the Ministry website. In December 2012, there were 48 registered parties in Russia; 7 of them are currently represented in the State Duma as of 2021.

### Parties represented in the Federal Assembly

[edit]

Party  | Est.  | Leader  | Ideology  | State Duma | Federation Council | Regional | Political
position  | Alliances

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  | ER
ЕР | United Russia
Единая Россия | 2001  | Dmitry Medvedev | Statism
Russian conservatism
Russian nationalism |

325 / 450

136 / 178

2,683 / 3,908

| Big tent | ONF
|  | KPRF
КПРФ | Communist Party of the Russian Federation
Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации | 1993  | Gennady Zyuganov | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Left-wing nationalism
Democratic socialism
Neo-Stalinism (factions)  |

57 / 450

4 / 178

523 / 3,908

| Far-left | UCP–CPSU
International:
IMCWP
|  | SRZP
СРЗП | A Just Russia — For Truth
Справедливая Россия — За правду | 2006  | Sergey Mironov,
Zakhar Prilepin,
Gennady Semigin | Social democracy
Democratic socialism
Social conservatism
Russian nationalism |

27 / 450

3 / 178

230 / 3,908

| Centre to
centre-left | ONF
|  | LDPR
ЛДПР | Liberal Democratic Party of Russia
Либерально-демократическая партия России | 1992  | Leonid Slutsky | Pan-Slavism
Monarchism
Economic interventionism
Social conservatism
Right-wing populism
Ultranationalism |

23 / 450

3 / 178

239 / 3,908

| Right-wing
to far-right |
|  | NL
НЛ | New People
Новые люди | 2020  | Alexey Nechayev | Communitarianism
Regionalism
Direct democracy |

15 / 450

0 / 178

56 / 3,908

| Centre-right | SPPS
|  | Rodina
Родина | Rodina
Родина | 2012  | Aleksey Zhuravlyov | Russian nationalism
Russian conservatism
Social conservatism
Right-wing populism |

1 / 450

0 / 178

11 / 3,908

| Far-right | ONF
|  | GP
ГП | Civic Platform
Гражданская платформа | 2012  | Rifat Shaykhutdinov | Liberal conservatism
Economic liberalism |

1 / 450

0 / 178

5 / 3,908

| Centre-right |

### Parties represented in the regional parliaments

[edit]

Name  | Founded  | Leader  | Ideology  | Regional parliaments | Position  | Alliances

|
|
|
|
|
|

|  | RPPSJ
РППСС | Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice
Российская партия пенсионеров за социальную справедливость | 2012  | Erik Prazdnikov  | Pensioners' interests
Elderly interests
Social justice
Single-issue politics |

34 / 3,908

| Centre |
|  | CPCR
КПКР | Communist Party "Communists of Russia"
Коммунистическая партия «Коммунисты России» | 2012  | Maxim Suraykin | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Stalinism
Anti-revisionism |

15 / 3,908

| Far-left | International:
IMCWP (observer)
|  | Yabloko
Яблоко | Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko"
Российская объединённая демократическая партия «Яблоко» | 1993  | Nikolay Rybakov | Social liberalism
Progressivism
Feminism
Pro-Europeanism |

11 / 3,908

| Centre-left | International:

European:
EGP (associated faction)
|  | T-NV
Т-НВ | Tatarstan — New Age
Татарстан — новый век | 2023  | Rinat Zakirov  | Tatar nationalism
Environmentalism
Putinism |

8 / 3,908

| Big Tent
|  | REP "The Greens"
РЭП «Зелёные» | Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"
Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные» | 2012  | Andrey Nagibin [ru] | Green politics
Agrarianism |

5 / 3,908

| Centre to centre-left | ONF
EAGP
|  | GA!
ЗА! | Green Alternative
Зелёная альтернатива | 2020  | Ruslan Khvostov  | Green politics
Environmentalism
Pro-Europeanism |

2 / 3,908

| Centre-left |
|  | PSP
ПСЗ | Political party of Social Protection
Политическая партия социальной защиты | 2012  | Vladimir Mikhailov | Social justice |

2 / 3,908

| Centre |
|  | PDD
ППД | Party of Direct Democracy[13]
Партия прямой демократии | 2020  | Oleg Artamonov  | Direct democracy
E-democracy |

1 / 3,908

| Centre-right |

### Parties in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine

[edit]

Name  | Founded  | Leader  | Ideology  | Location  | Representation in
regional legislature

|
|
|
|
|

|  | Donetsk Republic | 2005  | Denis Pushilin | Russian nationalism
Donbas separatism | Donetsk People's Republic |

74 / 100

|  | Free Donbas | 2014  | Vladimir Medvedev  | Russian nationalism
Donbas separatism | Donetsk People's Republic |

26 / 100

|  | Peace to Luhanshchyna | 2014  | Leonid Pasechnik | Donbas separatism
Centrism (self-declared) | Luhansk People's Republic |

37 / 50

|  | Luhansk Economic Union | 2014  | Zinaida Nadion [ru] | Donbas separatism
Liberal conservatism | Luhansk People's Republic |

13 / 50

|  | New Russia Party | 2014  | Pavel Gubarev
Ekaterina Gubareva | Russian nationalism
Eurasianism | Donetsk People's Republic |

0 / 100

|  | Volodymyr Saldo Bloc | 2019  | Vladimir Saldo | Kherson regionalism
Decentralization
Russophilia | Kherson Oblast |

0 / 64

## List of registered parties

[edit]

No.[14] | Full name  | Short name  | Abbr.  | Ideology  | Position  | Leader(s)  | Created  | Registration  | Last federal elections results  | Free access to the
next legislative election | Note

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Presidential | Legislative
1  |  |  | All-Russian political party "United Russia"
Всероссийская политическая партия "Единая Россия" | United Russia | UR
ЕР | Conservatism (Russian)
Statism
Cultural nationalism (Russian)
Putinism | Big tent | Dmitry Medvedev | 2001  | 2003  | DNP
(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 49.82% (Party list)
45.86% (SMC)
(324 seats)  | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2022-01-19 at the Wayback Machine
CEC profile
Website
2  |  |  | Political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation"
Политическая партия "Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации" | Communist Party  | CPRF
КПРФ | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Democratic socialism
Soviet patriotism
Neo-Stalinism | Left-wing to far-left | Gennady Zyuganov | 1990  | 2002  | 4.37%
(Nikolay Kharitonov) | 18.93% (Party list)
16.35% (SMC)
(57 seats)  | ✓ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
3  |  |  | Political party LDPR – Liberal Democratic Party of Russia
Политическая партия ЛДПР – Либерально-демократическая партия Россия | Liberal Democratic Party  | LDPR
ЛДПР | Russian ultranationalism
Right-wing populism
Social conservatism
Economic interventionism
Pan-Slavism | Right-wing to far-right | Leonid Slutsky | 1992  | 2002  | 3.24
(Leonid Slutsky) | 7.55% (Party list)
5.89% (SMC)
(21 seats)  | ✓ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
4  |  |  | Political party "Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko""
Политическая партия "Российская объединенная демократическая партия "Яблоко" | Yabloko
Яблоко | Social liberalism
Progressivism
Feminism
Pro-Europeanism | Centre to centre-left | Nikolay Rybakov | 1995  | 2003  | DNP | 1.34% (Party list)
1.99% (SMC)
(0 seats)  | ✓ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
5  |  |  | Socialist Political Party "A Just Russia – Patriots – For Truth"
Социалистическая политическая партия "Справедливая Россия – Патриоты – За Правду" | A Just Russia – For Truth  | SRZP
СРЗП | Social democracy
Democratic socialism
National conservatism
Eurasianism | Centre to Centre-left | Sergey Mironov
Zakhar Prilepin | 2006  | 2006  | DNP
(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 7.46% (Party list)
8.78% (SMC)
(27 seats)  | ✓ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
6  |  |  | All-Russian political party "Party of Growth"
Всероссийская политическая партия "Партия Роста" | Party of Growth  | PG
ПР | Liberal conservatism
Conservative liberalism
Economic liberalism | Centre-right | Boris Titov | 2016  | 2016  | DNP
(endorsed Vladislav Davankov) | 0.52% (Party list)
0.94% (SMC)
(1 seat)  | ✘ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
7  |  |  | Political party "Democratic Party of Russia"
Политическая партия "Демократическая партия России" | Democratic Party  | DPR
ДПР | Conservatism
Populism | Centre-right to right-wing | Alexander Zorin  | 1990  | 2012  | DNP
(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Archived 2021-08-23 at the Wayback Machine
CEC profile
8  |  |  | Political Party "Party of Progress"
Политическая партия "Партия прогресса" | Party of Progress  | PP
ПП |  |  | Andrey Poda  | 2012  | 2012  | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-20 at the Wayback Machine
CEC profile
9  |  |  | Political party "Russian Party of Freedom and Justice"
Политическая партия "Российская партия свободы и справедливости" | Party of Freedom and Justice  | RPFJ
РПСС | Social democracy
Russian nationalism
Patriotism
Federalism | Centre-left | Ilmi Shagan  | 2012  | 2012  | DNP | 0.77% (Party list)
0.68% (SMC)
(0 seats)  | ✘ | MJ profile
CEC profile
10  |  |  | Political party "Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"
Политическая Партия "Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные» | REP "The Greens"
РЭП «Зелёные» | Green politics
Agrarianism | Centre | Andrey Nagibin [ru]
Alexandra Kudzagova
Sergey Shakhmatov
Rufina Shagapova  | 1993  | 2012  | DNP
(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 0.91% (Party list)
0.98% (SMC)
(0 seats)  | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-03 at the Wayback Machine
CEC profile
Website
11  |  |  | Political party Communist Party Communists of Russia
Политическая партия Коммунистическая партия Коммунисты России | Communists of Russia  | CPCR
КПКР | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Stalinism
Anti-revisionism | Far-left | Sergey Malinkovich | 2009  | 2012  | DNP | 1.27% (Party list)
2.98% (SMC)
(0 seats)  | ✓ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
12  |  |  | Public organization – political party "Russian All-People's Union"
Общественная организация – политическая партия "Российский общенародный союз" | Russian All-People's Union  | ROS
РОС | Russian nationalism
Pochvennichestvo
Social conservatism
Right-wing socialism | Right-wing | Sergey Baburin | 1991  | 2012  | DNP
(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
13  |  |  | All-Russian political party "Party for Fairness!"
Всероссийская политическая партия "Партия за справедливость!" | Party for Fairness!  | PARZAS!
ПАРЗАС! | Social democracy | Centre-left | Vladimir Ponomarenko  | 2012  | 2012  | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
14  |  |  | Political party of Social Protection
Политическая партия социальной защиты | Party of Social Protection  | PSP
ПСЗ | Populism |  | Vladimir Mikhailov | 2012  | 2012  | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
15  |  |  | Political party "Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice"
Политическая партия "Российская партия пенсионеров за социальную справедливость" | Party of Pensioners  | RPPSJ
РППСС | Pensioners' interests
Elderly interests
Social justice
Single-issue politics | Centre | Erik Prazdnikov  | 1997  | 2012  | DNP
(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 2.45% (Party list)
3.58% (SMC)
(0 seats)  | ✓ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
16  |  |  | Political party "Civic Platform"
Политическая партия "Гражданская платформа" | Civic Platform  | CP
ГП | Conservatism
Economic liberalism | Right-wing | Rifat Shaykhutdinov | 2012  | 2012  | DNP | 0.15% (Party list)
0.70% (SMC)
(1 seat)  | ✓ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
17  |  |  | All-Russian political party "Rodina"
Всероссийская политическая партия "Родина" | Rodina
Родина | Russian nationalism
Russian conservatism
National conservatism
Social conservatism
Right-wing populism | Far-right | Aleksey Zhuravlyov | 2003  | 2012  | DNP
(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 0.80% (Party list)
1.51% (SMC)
(1 seat)  | ✓ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
18  |  |  | Political party "Cossack Party of the Russian Federation"
Политическая партия "Казачья партия Российской Федерации" | Cossack Party  | CosPRF
КаПРФ | Cossack interests
Christian conservatism | Right-wing | Sergey Kolosok  | 2013  | 2013  | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
19  |  |  | All-Russian political party "Civic Initiative"
Всероссийская политическая партия "Гражданская инициатива" | Civic Initiative  | GRANI
ГРАНИ | Liberalism
Conservative liberalism | Centre-right | Andrey Nechayev | 2013  | 2013  | 1.68%
(Ksenia Sobchak) | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
20  |  |  | Political party "Party of Russia's Rebirth"
Политическая партия "Партия возрождения России" | Party of Russia's Rebirth  | PRR
ПВР | Social democracy
Democratic socialism | Centre-left | Igor Ashurbeyli | 2002  | 2013  | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
21  |  |  | Political party "New People"
Политическая партия «Новые люди» | New People  | NP
НЛ | Liberalism
Communitarism
Regionalism | Centre to centre-right | Alexey Nechayev | 2020  | 2020  | 3.90%
(Vladislav Davankov) | 5.32% (Party list)
4.88% (SMC)
(13 seats)  | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-20 at the Wayback Machine
CEC profile
Website
22  |  |  | Political party "Green Alternative"
Политическая партия «Зелёная альтернатива» | Green Alternative  | GA
ЗА | Green politics
Environmentalism
Pro-Europeanism | Centre-left | Ruslan Khvostov | 2020  | 2020  | DNP | 0.64% (Party list)
0.22% (SMC)
(0 seats)  | ✓ | MJ profile
CEC profile
Website
23  |  |  | Political party "Party of Direct Democracy"
Политическая партия «Партия прямой демократии» | Party of Direct Democracy  | PDD
ППД | Direct democracy
E-democracy | Centre to centre-right | Oleg Artamonov  | 2020  | 2020  | DNP | DNP | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-20 at the Wayback Machine
CEC profile
Website

## Historical parties (1991–present)

[edit]

### Far-left

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists
Конфедерация анархо-синдикалистов | CAS
КАС |

Andrey Isaev [ru]
Igor Podshivalov [ru]
Alexander Shubin
Vladlen Tupikin [ru]

| Anarcho-syndicalism
Syndicalism | 1988–1995
|  | Committee for Workers' Democracy and International Socialism
Комитет за рабочую демократию и международный социализм | CWDIS
КРДМС | Sergei Biets [ru] | Marxism
Trotskyism | 1990–1999
Succeeded by RWP
|  | Party of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Партия диктатуры пролетариата | PDP
ПДП | Grigory Isayev | Communism
Proletarian internationalism | 1990–2020
|  | Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Коммунистическая партия Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики | CP RSFSR
КП РСФСР | Ivan Polozkov [ru]
Valentin Kuptsov [ru] | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Left-wing nationalism | 1990–1993
(banned in 1991)
Succeeded by CPRF
|  | Russian Communist Workers Party
Российская коммунистическая рабочая партия | RCWP
РКРП | Viktor Anpilov
Viktor Tyulkin | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-revisionism
Stalinism | 1991–2001
Merged into RCWP-RPC
|  | Russian Party of Communists [ru]
Российская партия коммунистов

Revolutionary Party of Сommunists [ru]
Революционная партия коммунистов

| RPC
РПК | Anatoly Kryuchkov [ru] | Communism
Marxism | 1991–2001
Merged into RCWP-RPC
|  | Communists — Labour Russia — For the Soviet Union [ru]
Коммунисты — Трудовая Россия — За Советский Союз | KTR
КТР | Viktor Tyulkin
Anatoly Kryuchkov [ru]
Viktor Anpilov | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-revisionism
Soviet patriotism | 1995–1999
|  | Stalin Bloc – For the USSR
Сталинский блок — За СССР | SB
СБ | Yevgeny Dzhugashvili
Viktor Anpilov
Stanislav Terekhov [ru] | Communism
Stalinism
Marxism-Leninism
Anti-revisionism
Soviet patriotism
National Communism | 1997–1999
|  | Socialist Resistance
Социалистическое сопротивление | SocSopr
СоцСопр | Collective leadership | Socialism
Trotskyism | 1998–2011
Successed by SA
|  | Russian Communist Workers' Party – Revolutionary Party of Communists
Российская коммунистическая рабочая партия – Революционная партия коммунистов | RCWP-RPC
РКРП-РПК | Viktor Tyulkin | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-revisionism | 2001–2007
(officially deregistered)
|  | Resistance Movement named after Petr Alexeev
Движение сопротивления имени Петра Алексеева | DSPA
ДСПА | Dmitry Zhvania  | Socialism
Self-management socialism | 2004–2012
|  | All-Russian Communist Party of the Future [ru]
Всероссийская коммунистическая партия будущего | VKPB
ВКПБ | Vladimir Tikhonov
Aleksandr Kuvayev [ru] | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Soviet patriotism | 2004–2009
|  | Socialist League "Forward"
Социалистическое движение «Вперёд» | SLV
СДВ | Collective leadership | Trotskyism
Eco-socialism
Socialist feminism | 2005–2011
Merged into RSM
|  | Interprofessional Workers' Union [ru]
Межпрофессиональный союз трудящихся | MPST
МПСТ | Collective leadership | Anarcho-communism
Anarcho-syndicalism | 2008–2019
|  | Russian United Labour Front
Российский объединённый трудовой фронт | ROT FRONT
РОТ ФРОНТ | Viktor Tyulkin
Sergei Udaltsov | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Socialism | 2010–2020
(officially deregistered)
|  | Russian Maoist Party
Российская маоистская партия | RMP
РМП | Dar Zhutayev [ru] | Communism
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
Anti-revisionism
Proletarian internationalism
Marxist feminism | 2000

### Left-wing

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | Civil United Green Alternative
Гражданская объединённая зелёная альтернатива | GROZA
ГРОЗА | Oleg Mitvol (2009–2012)  | Green politics
Alter-globalism
Anti-fascism
Social justice | 1991–2012
|  | Labour Party (Russia) [ru]
Партия труда | PT
ПТ | Oleg Smolin | Democratic socialism
Syndicalism | 1992–1994
|  | Agrarian Party of Russia
Аграрная партия России | APR
АПР | Mikhail Lapshin
Vladimir Plotnikov | Agrarian socialism
Collectivist anarchism | 1993–2008
Merged into United Russia
Re-founded in 2012
|  | Socialist United Party of Russia
Социалистическая единая партия России | SEPR
СЕПР | Alexey Podberezkin
Ivan Rybkin
Vasily Shestakov [ru] | Socialism
Socialist patriotism
Christian left | 2002–2007
Merged into A Just Russia
|  | Patriots of Russia
Патриоты России | PR
ПР | Gennady Semigin | Democratic socialism
Social democracy
Left-wing nationalism
Soviet patriotism | 2005–2021
Merged into SRZP

### Centre-left

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | Social Democratic Party of Russia
Социал-демократическая партия России | SDPR
СДПР | Pavel Kudyukin [ru]
Oleg Rumyantsev [ru]
Alexander Obolensky (politician) [ru] | Social democracy
Social liberalism
Democratic socialism | 1990–2011
|  | Civic Union
Гражданский союз | CU
ГС | Arkady Volsky | Social democracy
Anti-Yeltsinism
Federalism | 1992–1994
|  | Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"
Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные» | REP "The Greens"
РЭП «Зелёные» | Yevgeny Belyaev (politician) [ru]
Viktor Danilov-Danilyan [ru]
Anatoly Panfilov [ru] | Green politics
Environmentalism | 1992–2008
Merged into A Just Russia
Re-founded in 2012
|  | Russian Party of Social Democracy
Российская партия социальной демократии | RPSD
РПСД | Alexander Yakovlev
Konstantin Titov | Social democracy
Liberal democracy | 1994–2002
Merged into SDPR
|  | Ivan Rybkin Bloc
Блок Ивана Рыбкина | Rybkin Bloc
Блок Рыбкина | Ivan Rybkin | Social democracy
Agrarianism | 1995–1995
|  | Trade Unions and Industrialists – Union of Labour
Профсоюзы – Промышленники России – Союз труда | ST
СТ | Vladimir Shcherbakov (politician) | Trade unionism
Industrialism | 1995–1996
|  | Party of Workers' Self-Government
Партия самоуправления трудящихся | PST
ПСТ | Svyatoslav Fyodorov | Social democracy
Social liberalism | 1995–2006
|  | Russian United Social Democratic Party
Российская объединённая социал-демократическая партия | RUSDP
РОСДП | Mikhail Gorbachev | Social democracy | 2000–2001
Reorganized to SDPR
|  | Party of Russia's Rebirth
Партия возрождения России | PVR
ПВР | Gennady Seleznyov | Social democracy
Democratic socialism
Humanism
Federalism
Civic nationalism | 2000–2008
Merged into Patriots of Russia
Re-founded in 2012
|  | Social Democratic Party of Russia
Социал-демократическая партия России | SDPR
СДПР | Mikhail Gorbachev
Konstantin Titov | Social democracy
Democratic socialism | 2001–2007
Succeeded by USD
|  | Party of Social Justice
Партия социальной справедливости | PSJ
ПСС | Vladimir Kishenin
Alexey Podberezkin | Democratic socialism
Progressivism
Social conservatism | 2002–2008
Merged into A Just Russia
|  | Union of Greens of Russia
Союз зелёных России | UGR
СЗР | Alexey Yablokov | Green politics
Environmentalism
Civil rights | 2004–2006
Merged into Yabloko
|  | Union of Social Democrats
Союз социал-демократов | USD
ССД | Mikhail Gorbachev | Social democracy | 2007–2013
|  | Green Alliance
Альянс зелёных | GA
АЗ | Oleg Mitvol
Gleb Fetisov | Grassroots democracy
Green politics
Social democracy | 2012–2019
|  | Social Democratic Party of Russia
Социал-демократическая партия России | SDPR
СДПР | Sirazhdin Ramazanov  | Social democracy | 2012–2019

### Centrist

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | Russian Democratic Reform Movement
Российское движение демократических реформ | RDRM
РДДР | Gavriil Popov
Anatoly Sobchak | Liberal democracy
Pro-CIS
Federalism | 1992–1995
|  | Dignity and Charity
Достоинство и милосердие | DC
ДМ | Konstantin Frolov [ru]
Nikolai Gubenko
Vyacheslav Grishin  | Disability rights
Federalism | 1993–1993
|  | Future of Russia — New Names
Будущее России — Новые имена | BRNI
БРНИ | Vyacheslav Lashchevsky | Youth politics
Social policies | 1993–1994
|  | Women of Russia
Женщины России | ZhR
ЖР | Alevtina Fedulova
Yekaterina Lakhova | Feminism
Women's rights | 1993–1999
|  | Party of Russian Unity and Accord
Партия российского единства и согласия | PRES
ПРЕС | Sergey Shakhray | Reformism | 1993–1999
Merged into Unity
|  | Russian Party of Pensioners
Российская партия пенсионеров | RPP
РПП | Sergei Atroshenko
Igor Zotov | Pensioners' interests
Elderly interests
Social justice
Single-issue politics
Social conservatism | 1997–2007
Merged into A Just Russia
Re-founded in 2012
|  | Fatherland – All Russia
Отечество – Вся Россия | OVR
ОВР | Yury Luzhkov
Yevgeny Primakov | Civic nationalism
Social liberalism
Regionalism | 1998–2002
Merged into United Russia
|  | People's Party of the Russian Federation
Народная партия Российской Федерации | NPRF
НПРФ | Gennady Raikov
Gennady Gudkov | Centrism
Lobbyism | 1999–2007
Merged into A Just Russia
|  | Russian Party of Life
Российская партия жизни | RPL
РПЖ | Sergey Mironov | Economic liberalism
Third Way
Russian nationalism | 2002–2006
Merged into A Just Russia
|  | Union of People for Education and Science
Союз людей за образование и науку | UPES
СЛОН | Vyacheslav Igrunov [ru] | Social liberalism
Support of science and education | 2002–2007
|  | Civilian Power
Гражданская сила | GS
ГС | Alexander Ryavkin [ru]
Mikhail Barshchevsky | Green politics | 2002–2008
Merged into Right Cause
2012–2025
|  | Committee 2008: A Free Choice
Комитет 2008: Свободный выбор | Committee 2008
Комитет 2008 | Garry Kasparov | Liberalism
Liberal democracy | 2004–2005
Succeeded by The Other Russia
|  | Russian Democratic Party "Our Choice"
Российская демократическая партия «Наш выбор» | Our Choice
Наш выбор | Irina Khakamada | Liberalism
Social liberalism | 2004–2006
Merged into RNDS
|  | Yabloko-United Democrats
Яблоко — Объединённые демократы | Yabloko-UD
Яблоко-ОД | Ivan Novitsky [ru] | Social liberalism
Liberal conservatism
Green politics
Pro-Europeanism | 2005–2005
|  | Russian People's Democratic Union
Российский народно-демократический союз | RNDS
РНДС | Mikhail Kasyanov | Liberalism | 2006–2012
Merged into RPR–PARNAS
|  | The Other Russia
Другая Россия | DR
ДР | Garry Kasparov
Eduard Limonov
Mikhail Kasyanov | Big tent
Liberal democracy
National democracy
Social democracy
Social liberalism
Civic nationalism
National bolshevism | 2006–2010
|  | Independent Democratic Party of Russia
Независимая демократическая партия России | IDPR
НДПР | Mikhail Gorbachev
Alexander Lebedev | Liberalism
Social liberalism | 2008–2014/16
|  | People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption"
Партия народной свободы «За Россию без произвола и коррупции» | PARNAS
ПАРНАС | Mikhail Kasyanov
Vladimir Milov
Boris Nemtsov
Vladimir Ryzhkov | Liberalism
Liberal democracy
Anti-corruption | 2010–2012
Succeeded by RPR–PARNAS
|  | People's Party of Russia
Народная партия России | PPR
НПР | Andrei Bogdanov
Stanislav Aranovich | Centrism
Populism
Anarchism (factions) | 2012–2019
|  | Agrarian Party of Russia
Аграрная партия России | APR
АПР | Olga Bashmachnikova  | Agrarianism
Agricultural policy
Centrism | 2012–2019
|  | Party of Pensioners of Russia
Партия пенсионеров России | PPR
ППР | Valery Ryazansky [ru]
Nikolay Chebotarev  | Pensioners' interests | 2012–2019
|  | Party of Good Deeds | PDD
ПДД | Andrey Kirillov [ru] | Populism
Environmentalism | 2014–2022

### Centre-right

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | Democratic Union
Демократический союз | DU
ДС | Valeriya Novodvorskaya | Classical liberalism
Neoliberalism
Laissez-faire
Anti-Sovietism
Anti-communism
Anti-fascism
Individualism
Atlanticism | 1988–2014
|  | Conservative Party of Russia
Консервативная партия России | CPR
КПР | Lev Ubozhko [ru] | Conservatism
Liberal conservatism
Anti-communism | 1989–2005
|  | Peasant Party of Russia
Крестьянская партия России | KPR
КПР | Yuri Chernichenko [ru] | Liberalism
Agrarianism
Anti-communism | 1990–1999
|  | Russian Christian Democratic Party
Российская христианско-демократическая партия | RCDP
РХДП | Alexander Chuev [ru] | Christian democracy
Conservatism | 1990–2002
|  | Party of Economic Freedom
Партия экономической свободы | PEF
ПЭС | Konstantin Borovoy | Liberalism
Neoconservatism
Economic liberalism | 1992–2003
Merged into SPS
|  | Democratic Choice of Russia
Демократический выбор России | DVR
ДВР | Yegor Gaidar | Liberalism
Conservative liberalism
Liberal conservatism
Economic liberalism | 1993–2001
Merged into SPS
|  | Forward, Russia!
Вперёд, Россия! | FR
ВР | Boris Fyodorov | Liberal democracy
Liberal conservatism
Patriotism
Conservatism | 1995–2002
Merged into RPR
|  | Our Home – Russia
Наш дом — Россия | NDR
НДР | Viktor Chernomyrdin | Liberalism
Liberal conservatism
Fiscal conservatism | 1995–2006
Merged into United Russia
|  | Democratic Choice of Russia – United Democrats
Демократический выбор России — Объединенные демократы | DVR-OD
ДВР-ОД | Yegor Gaidar | Liberal conservatism
Anti-communism | 1995–1995
|  | Union of Right Forces
Союз правых сил | SPS
СПС | Sergey Kiriyenko
Boris Nemtsov
Nikita Belykh
Leonid Gozman | Liberal conservatism
Conservative liberalism
Neoliberalism
Economic liberalism
Pro-Europeanism | 1999–2008
Succeeded by Right Cause
|  | Liberal Russia
Либеральная Россия | LR
ЛР | Boris Zolotukhin [ru]
Sergei Yushenkov
Boris Berezovsky | Liberalism
Liberal conservatism | 2000–2004
|  | New Course — Automobile Russia
Новый курс — Автомобильная Россия | NCAR
НКАР | Viktor Pokhmelkin [ru]
Boris Fyodorov
Leonid Olshansky  | Liberalism
Liberal conservatism
Drivers' rights
Anti-militarism | 2003–2003
|  | People's Party "For Women of Russia"
Народная партия «За женщин России» | NPZZhR
НПЗЖР | Galina Latysheva
Galina Khavraeva  | Women's rights
Conservatism
Neoconservatism
Single-issue party | 2007–2019
|  | Right Cause
Правое дело | PD
ПД | Boris Titov
Mikhail Prokhorov
Leonid Gozman
Georgy Bovt [ru] | Liberal conservatism
Conservative liberalism
Economic liberalism
Pro-Europeanism
in 2012-2016:
National democracy
National patriotism | 2008–2016
Succeeded by Party of Growth
|  | Party of Growth
Партия роста | PR
ПР | Boris Titov | Liberal conservatism
Conservative liberalism
Economic liberalism | 2016–2024

### Right-wing

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | Constitutional Democratic Party – Party of Popular Freedom
Конституционно-демократическая партия – Партия народной свободы | KDP-PNS
КДП-ПНС | Mikhail Astafyev
Sergei Rogozin  | Russian nationalism
National conservatism
Constitutionalism
Anti-Yeltsinism | 1991–2001
Merged into People's Will
Re-founded in 2008
|  | Russian All-People's Union
Российский общенародный союз | ROS
РОС | Sergey Baburin | National conservatism
Russian nationalism
Pochvennichestvo
Right-wing socialism
Social conservatism | 1991–2001
Merged into People's Will
Re-founded in 2008

| Congress of Russian Communities
Конгресс русских общин | CRC
КРО | Dmitry Rogozin
Alexander Lebed
Yury Skokov | Russian nationalism
National conservatism
Traditionalism | 1992–2004
Merged into Rodina in 2004
Re-founded in 2006
Merged into Rodina in 2012
|  | Popular Patriotic Party
Народно-патриотическая партия | NPP
НПП | Alexander Kotenev
Anatoly Gil  | Russian nationalism
Social conservatism
Veterans of Afghan war' interests
Yeltsinism | 1992–1999
Merged into Unity
|  | Social Patriotic Movement "Power"
Социал-патриотическое движение «Держава» | Derzhava
Держава | Alexander Rutskoy
Konstantin Zatulin | Russian nationalism
Social conservatism
Patriotism
Social patriotism
Right-wing populism
Pan-Slavism | 1995–1999
Merged into OVR
|  | Power to the People!
Власть — народу! | VN
ВН | Nikolai Ryzhkov
Sergey Baburin
Yelena Shuvalova  | Patriotism
Social conservatism
Pochvennichestvo
Right-wing socialism | 1995–1995
|  | People's Republican Party of Russia [ru]
Народно-республиканская партия России | NRPR
НРПР | Alexander Lebed
Vladimir Kushnerenko  | National conservatism
Social conservatism
Third way
Statism | 1995–2007
|  | Russian Socialist Party
Русская социалистическая партия | RSP
РСП | Vladimir Bryntsalov | Moderate conservatism
Traditionalism
Social conservatism | 1996–2001
Merged into United Russia
|  | Inter-Regional Movement "Unity"
Межрегиональное движение "Единство" | Unity
Единство | Sergey Shoygu
Vladimir Putin | Conservatism
Fiscal conservatism
Russian nationalism
Centrism (officially) | 1999–2001
Reorganized to United Russia

| People's Union
Народный союз
Party of National Revival "People's Will"
Партия национального возрождения «Народная Воля» | NS

Narodnaya Volya
Народная Воля | Sergey Baburin | Russian nationalism
Conservatism
National conservatism
Social conservatism
Pochvennichestvo
Patriotism | 2001–2008
Successed by ROS
|  | For a Holy Russia [ru]За Русь святую | ZRS
ЗРС | Sergei Popov (politician , born 1960) [ru] | Christian patriorism
Conservatism
Social conservatism
Right-wing socialism
Patriotism | 2002–2005
|  | Monarchist Party of Russia
Монархическая партия России | MPR
МПР | Anton Bakov
Karl Emich of Leiningen | Restoration of the Russian monarchy
Constitutional monarchism
Russian conservatism | 2012–Present
|  | Great Fatherland Party
Партия Великое Отечество | PVO
ПВО | Nikolai Starikov | Conservatism
National conservatism
Russian nationalism
Centrism | 2013–2020

### Far-right

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | National Patriotic Front "Memory"
Национально-патриотический фронт «Память» | Pamyat
Память | Dmitri Vasilyev | Russian ultranationalism
Neo-fascism
Orthodox nationalism
Christian fundamentalism
Anti-communism
antisemitism
Anti-zionism
Anti-Masonry
Traditionalism
National conservatism
Monarchism | 1980–2003
Re-founded in 2005
|  | National Republican Party of Russia
Национально-республиканская партия России | NRPR
НРПР | Nikolay Lysenko (politician) [ru] | Russian ultranationalism
Mono-national state
Anti-internationalism
Anti-cosmopolitanism
Anti-communism | 1990–1998
|  | Russian National Unity
Русское национальное единство | RNU
РНЕ | Alexander Barkashov | Neo-Nazism
Russian nationalism
Antisemitism
Islamophobia
Anti-immigration
Anti-communism
Third Position | 1990–2000
(officially banned)
|  | Russian All-National Union
Русский общенациональный союз | RONS
РОНС | Igor Artemov [ru] | Russian ultranationalism
Orthodox nationalism
Christian fundamentalism
National capitalism
White nationalism
Anti-communism
Anti-Sovietism
Antisemitism
Anti-LGBT
Pan-Slavism | 1990–2011
|  | People's Liberation Movement "Ours"
Народно-освободительное движение «Наши» | Nashi
Наши | Alexander Nevzorov | Russian nationalism
Soviet nationalism
Statism
Chauvinism | 1991–1993
|  | Russian Party
Русская партия | RP
РП | Viktor Korchagin
Vladimir Miloserdov  | Russian ultranationalism
Russian irredentism
Antisemitism
Economic liberalism
Anti-Christianity | 1991–1997
|  | Front of National Revolutionary Action
Фронт национал-революционного действия | FNRD
ФНРД | Ilya Lazarenko [ru] | Russian ultranationalism
Revolutionary nationalism
Neo-Fascism
Neo-Nazism
Strasserism
Antisemitism
Russian imperialism
Orthodox fundamentalism | 1991–1999
|  | Oprichny Dvor
Опричный двор
National Socialist Russian Workers' Party
Национал-социалистическая русская рабочая партия | Oprichniks
Опричники
NSRWP
НСРРП | Mikhail Glukhov  | Russian ultranationalism
Neo-fascism
Neo-Nazism
Anti-Americanism
Anti-Turkism
Anti-communism | 1993–1997
|  | Russian National Union
Русский национальный союз
Russian National Socialist Party
Русская национальная социалистическая партия | RNU
РНС
RNSP
РНСП | Konstantin Kasimovsky | Neo-Nazism
White power
Racism
Antisemitism
Anti-caucasian
Orthodox nationalism | 1993–1999 (RNU)
1999–2007 (RNSP)
|  | Freedom Party (Russia) [ru]
Партия свободы | PS
ПС | Yuri Belyaev (politician) [ru] | Russian ultranationalism
Neo-nazism
Neo-fascism
White nationalism
Anti-immigration
Anti-democracy
antisemitism
Anti-communism | 1994–2009
|  | People's National Party
Народная национальная партия | PNP
ННП | Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky | Russian ultranationalism
Neo-fascism
Neo-Nazism
White nationalism
Racism
Antisemitism
Statism | 1994–2009
|  | Slavic Union
Славянский союз | SS
СС | Dmitry Demushkin | Neo-Nazism
White supremacism
Pan-Slavism
Anti-communism
Xenophobia
Antisemitism
Anti-LGBT | 1999–2010
|  | Conceptual Party "Unity"
Концептуальная партия «Единение» | CPU
КПЕ | Konstantin Petrov (politician) [ru] | Social Security Conception
of Dead Water
Conspiracy theory
Occultism
Neopaganism
Neo-Stalinism
antisemitism
Anti-communism
Anti-Christianity
Anti-Western sentiment | 2000–2007
|  | New Russian National Unity
Новое Русское национальное единство | VOPD RNU
ВОПД РНЕ | Mikhail Lalochkin
Yevgeny Lalochkin  | Neo-Nazism
Russian ultranationalism
Monarchism
Orthodox nationalism
Xenophobia | 2000–2013
|  | National Sovereignty Party of Russia
Национально-державная партия России | NDPR
НДПР | Alexander Sevastyanov
Stanislav Terekhov  | Russian nationalism
Ethnic nationalism
Antisemitism | 2002–2017
|  | Movement Against Illegal Immigration
Движение против нелегальной иммиграции | DPNI
ДПНИ | Vladimir Basmanov [ru]
Alexander Belov
Vladimir Yermolayev | Russian nationalism
Ethnic nationalism
Anti-immigration
Xenophobia
Anti-Islam | 2002–2011
|  | National Socialist Society
Национал-социалистическое общество | NSO
НСО | Political Council  | Neo-Nazism
Neo-fascism
Russian ultranationalism | 2004–2010
|  | Northern Brotherhood
Северное братство | NB
СБ | Pyotr Khomyakov [ru] | Russian ultranationalism
Revolutionary nationalism
Ethnic nationalism
Russian separatism
Neo-Nazism
Anti-immigration
Anti-caucasian
Antisemitism
Nordicism | 2006–2012
|  | People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky
Народное ополчение имени Минина и Пожарского | NOMP
НОМП | Vladimir Kvachkov | Russian nationalism
Ultranationalism
Antisemitism
Militarism
Orthodox nationalism
Soviet patriotism | 2009–2015
|  | Ethno-political Association "Russians"
Этнополитическое объединение «Русские» | Russians
Русские | Dmitry Demushkin
Alexander Belov | Russian nationalism
Ethnic nationalism
Anti-immigration | 2011–2015
|  | Nation and Freedom Committee
Комитет «Нация и свобода» | NFC
КНС | Vladimir Basmanov [ru] | Russian ultranationalism
Anti-communism
Anti-immigration
European nationalism
Pan-Slavism | 2014–2020
|  | Male State
Мужское государство | MG
МГ | Vladislav Pozdnjakov [eo] | National patriarchy
Russian ultranationalism
Antifeminism
Homophobia
Anti-immigration | 2016–2020

### Syncretic

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | National Salvation Front
Фронт национального спасения | NSF
ФНС | Collective leadership | Statism
National patriotism
Russian nationalism
Left-wing nationalism
Soviet patriotism
Anti-Yeltsinism | 1992–1994
(banned in 1993)
|  | National Bolshevik Party
Национал-большевистская партия | NBP
НБП | Eduard Limonov | National Bolshevism
Russian nationalism
Neo-Sovietism
Russian irredentism
Anti-Western sentiment | 1993–2007
Succeeded by The Other Russia
|  | Beer Lovers Party
Партия любителей пива | BLP
ПЛП | Dmitry Shestakov
Konstantin Kalachev [ru] | Joke party
Patriotism
Protectionism
Environmentalism
Anti-establishment | 1993–1998
|  | Spiritual Heritage
Духовное наследие | SH
ДН | Alexey Podberezkin | Russian nationalism
Moderate nationalism
Patriotism
Statism | 1995–2002
|  | Party of Peace and Unity
Партия мира и единства | PME
ПМЕ | Sazhi Umalatova | Internationalism
Eurasianism
Putinism
Anti-Americanism
Soviet nationalism | 1996–2008
Merged into Patriots of Russia
Re-founded in 2012
|  | People's Patriotic Union of Russia
Народно-патриотический союз России | NPSR
НПСР | Gennady Zyuganov
Gennady Semigin | Patriotism
Nationalism
Statism
Soviet patriotism | 1996–2010
Merged into Patriots of Russia
|  | People's Will Army
Армия воли народа
For Responsible Government
За ответственную власть | AVN
АВН
ZOV
ЗОВ | Yury Mukhin | Delocracy
Russian nationalism
National democracy
Left-wing nationalism
Anti-Bureaucracy
Neo-Stalinism
antisemitism | 1997–2011
2011–2015
|  | National Patriotic Union "Rodina"
Народно-патриотический союз «Родина» | NPS "Rodina"
НПС «Родина» | Dmitry Rogozin
Sergey Glazyev
Yury Skokov | Russian patriotism
Social democracy
Protectionism
Economic nationalism | 2003–2006
Merged into A Just Russia
Re-founded in 2012
|  | National Bolshevik Front
Национал-большевистский фронт | NBF
НБФ | Alexei Golubovich
Maksim Shurkin  | National Bolshevism
Eurasianism
Anti-Limonov tendency
Russian ultranationalism
Revolutionary socialism
Left-wing nationalism
Anti-liberalism
Factions:
Strasserism
Antisemitism
Ethnocentrism | 2006–2016
|  | Interregional Social Movement "Artpodgotovka"
Межрегиональное общественное движение «Артподготовка» | Artpodgotovka
Артподготовка | Vyacheslav Maltsev | Populism
National democracy
Russian nationalism
Left-wing nationalism
Socialism
Anti-communism
Liberalism
Direct democracy | 2013–2017
|  | For Truth
За правду | ZP
ЗП | Zakhar Prilepin | National conservatism
Paternalistic conservatism
Russian nationalism
Anti-liberalism
Authoritarian capitalism
National patriotism
Hard euroscepticism | 2020–2021
Merged into SRZP

### Regionalist parties

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Political position  | Years active

|
|
|
|
|

|  | Adyghe Hase
Адыгэ Хасэ | AH
АГ |

* Abubachir Skhalyakho
* Musa Shanibov
* Zaurbiy Naloyev [ru]
* Musa Psikhomakhov

| Circassian nationalism | Big tent | 1988–present (Adygea, Krasnodar Krai)
1988–1993 (Kabardino-Balkaria)
1989–1995 (Karachay-Cherkessia)
|  | Nijsxo
Нийсхо | N
Н | Issa Dashlakiyev  | Ingush nationalism | Big tent | 1988–present
(unregistered)
|  | Khostug Tyva
Свободная Тува
Хостуг Тыва | KhT

ХТ | Kaadyr-ool Bicheldey | Tuvan nationalism
Anti-communism
Anti-Russian sentiment
Pan-Turkism | Big tent | 1989–?
|  | Sakha Omuk
Саха Омук | SO
СО | Andrei Borisov [ru] | Yakut nationalism
Anti-communism
Pan-Turkism | Big tent | 1990–1994
|  | Vainakh Democratic Party
Вайнахская демократическая партия
Вайнехан Демократан Цхьанкхетаралла | VDP
ВДП
ВДЦ | Zelimkhan Yandarbiev | Chechen separatism
Chechen nationalism
Anti-communism | Big tent | 1990–1993
|  | Buryat-Mongolian People's Party
Бурят-Монгольская народная партия
Буряад-Монгол Арадай Нам | BMPP
БМНП
БМАН | Mikhail Ochirov  | Buryat nationalism
Pan-Mongolism
Anti-communism | Big tent | 1990–1997
|  | Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan
Коммунистическая партия Республики Татарстан
Татарстан Республикасы коммунистлар партиясе | CPRT
КПРТ
ТРКП | Robert Sadykov
Alexander Saliy [ru] | Communism
Marxism–Leninism | Far-left | 1991–2002
Merged into CPRF
|  | Union for the National Revival of Alania
Союз национального возрождения Алании | UNRA
СНВА | Aleksandr Ramonov  | National Bolshevism
Ossetian nationalism
Soviet patriotism | Far-left | 1991–?
|  | Fatherland Socialist Party
Отечество
Фыдыбӕстӕ | F

Ф | Vadim Baskayev  | Socialism
Ossetian nationalism
Anti-Ingush sentiment | Left-wing | 1993–2004
|  | Styr Nyxas
Стыр Ныхас | SN
СН | Mikhail Gioyev | Ossetian nationalism
Styr Nyxas
Anti-Ingush sentiment
Anti-militarism |  | 1993–?
|  | Baltic Republican Party
Балтийская республиканская партия | BRP
БРП | Sergei Pasko
Rustam Vasiliev | Kaliningrad independence
Kaliningrad autonomism
Social liberalism
Pro-Europeanism
Anti-communism | Centre-right | 1993–2005
|  | Mari National Rebirth Party "Ushem"
Марийская партия национального возрождения "Ушем" | Ushem
Ушем | Vladimir Kozlov | Mari nationalism | Big tent | 1917–1918 (banned)
1989–?
|  | Russian Unity
Русское единство
Руська єдність | RE

РЄ | Maksym Kovalenko
Sergey Aksyonov | Russian nationalism
Russian irredentism
Russophilia
Crimean regionalism | Right-wing | 2008–2014
Merged into United Russia

## Soviet parties (1917–1991)

[edit]

See also: List of political parties in the Soviet Union and Political parties of Russia in 1917

### CPSU and factions

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader(s)  | Ideology  | Political position  | Years active

|
|
|
|
|

Sole legal party (before 1990)
|  | Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза | CPSU
КПСС | Vladimir Lenin
Joseph Stalin
Georgy Malenkov
Nikita Khrushchev
Leonid Brezhnev
Yuri Andropov
Konstantin Chernenko
Mikhail Gorbachev
Vladimir Ivashko | Communism
Marxism–Leninism | Far-left | 1917–1991
Factions inside the RKP(b), VKP(b) and CPSU
| Left Communists
Левые коммунисты | Nikolai Bukharin | Left communism
World revolution | 1918–1921
| Group of Democratic Centralism
Группа демократического централизма | Valerian Obolensky
Timofei Sapronov
Vladimir Smirnov
Andrei Bubnov
Yakov Drobnis | Left communism
Democratic centralism | 1919–1923
| Workers' Opposition
Рабочая оппозиция | Alexander Shliapnikov
Sergei Medvedev
Alexandra Kollontai
Yury Lutovinov | Trade unionism
Council communism
Anti-bureaucratism | 1920–1922
| Workers' Truth
Рабочая правда | Fanya Shutskever
Efim Shulman
Vladimir Khaikevich
Yakov Budnitsky
Pauline Lass-Kozlova
Oleg Vikman-Beleev
Nellie Krym | Anti-bureaucratism | 1921–1923
| Right Opposition
Правая оппозиция | Nikolai Bukharin
Alexei Rykov
Mikhail Tomsky | Agrarian socialism
Anti-Stalinism
New Economic Policy
Anti-Collectivization | 1921–1933
| Left Opposition
Левая оппозиция | Leon Trotsky | Trotskyism
Anti-Stalinism
Industrialism | 1923–1927
| Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party
Рабочая группа Российской коммунистической партии | Gavril Myasnikov | Left communism
Anti-bureaucratism
Workplace democracy | 1923–1930
| United Opposition
Объединённая оппозиция | Leon Trotsky
Grigory Zinoviev
Lev Kamenev | Anti-New Economic Policy
Anti-Stalinism
Industrialism | 1926–1933
| Left-Right Bloc
Право-левый блок | Vissarion Lominadze
Sergey Syrtsov
Jan Sten | Anti-Stalinism
Anti-Collectivization | 1929–1933
| Union of Marxist-Leninists
Союз марксистов-ленинцев | Martemyan Ryutin
Vasily Kayurov | Anti-Stalinism | 1932–1932
| Anti-Party Group of Malenkov, Kaganovich, Molotov and Shepilov, who joined them
Антипартийная группа Маленкова, Кагановича, Молотова и примкнувшего к ним Шепилова | Georgy Malenkov
Lazar Kaganovich
Vyacheslav Molotov
Dmitri Shepilov | Anti-Khrushchevism
Anti-De-Stalinization | 1957–1957
| Bolshevik Platform
Большевистская платформа | Nina Andreyeva | Anti-Perestroika
Neo-Stalinism
Anti-liberalism | 1988–1991
Succeeded by VKPB
| United Workers' Front
Объединённый фронт трудящихся | Viktor Stepanov
Mikhail Popov
Igor Malyarov | Soviet patriotism
Proletarian internationalism
Anti-separatism | 1989–1991
Succeeded by RCWP
| Democratic Platform
Демократическая платформа | Yury Afanasyev
Boris Yeltsin
Telman Gdlyan
Nikolay Ivanov
Nikolay Travkin
Igor Chubais
Vyacheslav Shostakovsky
Alexander Minzhurenko | Perestroika
Democratization
Social liberalism | 1989–1991
Succeeded by RPRF
| Communist Initiative Movement
Движение коммунистической инициативы | Viktor Tyulkin
Albert Makashov | Foundation of the Russian Communist Party
Anti-capitalism
Left-wing nationalism | 1989–1991
Succeeded by RCWP
| Marxist Platform
Марксистская платформа | Alexander Buzgalin
Sergey Skvortsov
Alexey Prigarin
Andrey Kolganov
Anatoly Kryuchkov | Orthodox Marxism
Marxism–Leninism | 1990–1992
Succeeded by RCWP, RPC and SK
| Democratic Movement
Демократическое движение | Anatoly Sobchak
Gavriil Popov
Vladimir Lysenko
Vyacheslav Shostakovsky
Alexander Rutskoy | Social democracy
Democratization | 1990–1992
Succeeded by NPSR

### Clandestine and illegal parties

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Political position  | Years active

|
|
|
|
|

|  | Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
Партия левых социалистов-революционеров | Left SRs
Левые эсеры | Boris Kamkov
Mark Natanson
Maria Spiridonova | Agrarian socialism
Anti-Bolshevism
Revolutionary socialism
Narodism | Far-left | 1917–1921
Clandestine since 1918
|  | True Communists
Истинные коммунисты | TC
ИК | Ivan Yatsuk
Yuri Shokk
Alexander Elin
Shamil Gubaidulin
Kamil Salakhutdinov | Marxism
Anti-Stalinism
Left communism | Far-left | 1940–1940
|  | Lithuanian Activist Front
Литовский фронт активистов
Lietuvių Aktyvistų Frontas | LAF
ЛФА | Kazys Škirpa | Lithuanian independence
Nazism
Anti-communism
Antisemitism
Anti-Polonism | Far-right | 1940–1941
|  | People's Socialist Party of Russia "Viking"
Народная социалистическая партия России «Викинг» | NSPR
НСПР | Konstantin Voskoboinik
Bronislav Kaminski | Nazism
Russian nationalism
Russian collaborationism
Antisemitism
Anti-communism | Far-right | 1941–1943
|  | Fighting Union of Russian Nationalists [ru] |  | Vladimir Gil | collaborationism | Far-right | 1942
|  | Russian National Labor Party [ru] |  |  | Russian nationalism collaborationism | Far-right | 1943-?
|  | Communist Party of Youth
Коммунистическая партия молодёжи | CPM
КПМ | Anatoly Zhigulin | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-Stalinism | Left-wing to far-left | 1946–1949
|  | All-Union Democratic Party
Всесоюзная демократическая партия | VDP
ВДП | Alexander Tarasov
Viktor Belkin | Anti-Stalinism
Socialism | Left-wing | 1948–1948
|  | Russian Party (USSR) [ru] |  |  | Russian nationalism
Ethnic nationalism
Antisemitism

Factions:
Stalinism
Anti-communism

| Far-right

Syncretic

| 1950s-1980s
|  | Union of Struggle for the Cause of the Revolution
Союз борьбы за дело революции | SBDR
СБДР | Boris Slutsky
Evgeny Gurevich
Vladilen Furman | Anti-Stalinism
Revolutionary socialism | Far-left | 1950–1951
|  | Baltic Federation
Балтийская федерация
Baltijas federācija | BF
БФ | Gunārs Rode
Dailis Rijnieks
Jānis Rijnieks
Aina Zābaka
Ziedonis Rozenbergs
Viktors Kalniņš
Uldis Ofkants | Anti-Sovietism
Latvian nationalism
Latvian independence | Right-wing | 1957–1962
|  | Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks)
Советские революционеры-коммунисты (большевики) | RC (b)
РК (б) |  | Stalinism
Anti-revisionism
Marxism–Leninism
Communism | Far-left | 1960-1991
|  | Communards Union [ru] [15] |  | S. D. Khakhaev

Valery Ronkin [ru]

| Khruschevism
Anti-Brezhnevism
Anti-Stalinism
Communism | Far-left | 1963-1965
|  | National United Party
Национальная объединённая партия
Ազգային Միացյալ Կուսակցություն | NUP
НОП
ԱՄԿ | Haykaz Khachatryan
Paruyr Hayrikyan | Armenian nationalism
Armenian independence
National democracy
Liberalism
Anti-communism | Big tent | 1966–1987
Succeeded by UNSD
|  | Free Russia Party
Партия свободной России
Revolutionary Workers' Party
Революционная рабочая партия | PSR
ПСР
RWP
РРП | Victor Pestov
Nikolay Shaburov | Anti-communism
Anti-Sovietism |  | 1968–1970
|  | Group of Revolutionary Communism
Группа революционного коммунизма | GRK
ГРК | Alexander Romanov
Oleg Senin
Valentin Kirikov | Marxism
Social democracy | Left-wing | 1972–1972
|  | All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People
Всероссийский социал-христианский союз освобождения народа | VSKhSON
ВСХСОН | Igor Ogurtsov | Anti-communism
Russian nationalism
Social Christianity
Third Position | Right-wing to far-right | 1972–1972
|  | Socialist Party of the Soviet Union
Социалистическая партия Советского Союза | SPSU
СПСС | Alexander Ganyushkin | Democratic socialism
Self-governing socialism | Left-wing | 1972–1972/1990-1992
|  | Left School
Левая школа | LS
ЛШ | Natalia Magnat
Olga Barash
Inna Okup | Marxism–Leninism
Trotskyism
Atheistic existentialism
New Left | Far-left | 1972/73–1977
|  | Party of New Communists
Партия новых коммунистов | PNC
РНК | Alexander Tarasov
Vasily Minorsky | Neo-communism
Orthodox Marxism
Marxism–Leninism
Revolutionary socialism
Direct democracy
Trotskyism
Neo-anarchism
Anti-Stalinism | Far-left | 1972/73–1977
|  | Neo-Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Неокоммунистическая партия Советского Союза | NCPSU
НКПСС | Alexander Tarasov
Natalia Magnat
Vasily Minorsky
Olga Barash
Igor Dukhanov | Neo-communism
Atheistic existentialism
Communism
Guevarism
Neo-Marxism
Anti-clericalism
Trotskyism
New Left | Far-left | 1974–1985
|  | Young Socialists (Dissidents) [ru] |  | Boris Kagarlitsky

Andrei Fadin [ru] Pavel Kudyukin [ru]

| Social democracy (faction)

Eurocommunism (faction)

| Left-wing | 1977-1982
|  | Democratic Union
Демократический союз | DU
ДС | Valeriya Novodvorskaya | Classical liberalism
Neoliberalism
Laissez-faire
Anti-Sovietism
Anti-communism
Anti-fascism
Individualism
Atlanticism | Centre-right | 1988–2014

### Parties of the multi-party period

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Political position  | Years active

|
|
|
|
|

|  | Democratic Union
Демократический союз | DU
ДС | Valeriya Novodvorskaya | Classical liberalism
Neoliberalism
Laissez-faire
Anti-Sovietism
Anti-communism
Anti-fascism
Individualism
Atlanticism | Centre-right | 1988–2014
|  | Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union
Либерально-демократическая партия Советского Союза | LDPSU
ЛДПСС | Vladimir Bogachov
Vladimir Zhirinovsky | Russian nationalism
Ultranationalism
Right-wing populism
Monarchism
Before 1990:
Liberalism
Liberal conservatism | Right-wing to far-right
Before 1990:
Centre-right | 1989–1992
|  | Democratic Party of Russia
Демократическая партия России | DPR
ДПР | Nikolay Travkin | Anti-communism
Centrism
Liberalism | Centre-right | 1990–1992
|  | Socialist Party
Социалистическая партия | SP
СП | Boris Kagarlitsky
Anatoliy Baranov
Alexander Kolpakidi
Vladimir Kondratov | Democratic socialism
Self-governing socialism | Left-wing | 1990–1992
|  | Social Democratic Party of Russia
Социал-демократическая партия России | SDPR
СДПР | Pavel Kudyukin
Oleg Rumyantsev
Alexander Obolensky | Social democracy
Social liberalism
Democratic socialism | Centre-left | 1990–2011
|  | All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks
Всесоюзная Коммунистическая партия большевиков | VKPB
ВКПБ | Nina Andreyeva | Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Bolshevism
Anti-revisionism
Stalinism | Far-left | 1991–

## Parties of the Russian Empire (1721–1917)

[edit]

### Pre-revolutionary organizations

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | Decembrist Societies
Общества декабристов | Decembrists
Декабристы | Sergei Trubetskoy
Nikita Muravyov
Pavel Pestel
Sergey Muravyov-Apostol
and others | Constitutional monarchism
Anti-Tsarist autocracy
Anti-Serfdom
Republicanism (factions)  | 1816–1825
|  | Petrashevsky Circle
Кружок Петрашевского | Petrashevtsy
Петрашевцы | Mikhail Petrashevsky | Utopian socialism
Agrarian socialism | 1844–1849
|  | Land and Liberty
Земля и воля | Zemlevolists
Землевольцы | Collective leadership | Narodism
Agrarianism
Agrarian socialism (1860–64)
Anarcho-collectivism (1876–1879)  | 1860–1864,
1876-1879
|  | Committee of Russian Officers in Poland
Комитет русских офицеров в Польше | KROP
КРОП | Vasily Kaplinski
Jarosław Dąbrowski
Andrey Potebnya
Zygmunt Padlewski | Narodism
Republicanism | 1861–1863
|  | Grand Propaganda Society
Большое общество пропаганды | Tchaikovtsy
Чайковцы | Nikolai Tchaikovsky
Sophia Perovskaya
Mark Natanson | Narodism
Revolutionary socialism | 1871–1874
|  | Bashenists
Башенцы | Grigory Popko
Innokenty Voloshenko
Fedor Shcherbina | Radical Narodism
Republicanism | 1874–1877
|  | Narodnaya Volya
Народная воля | Narodovolists
Народовольцы | Collective leadership | Narodism
Agrarian socialism
Left-wing terrorism
Revolutionary socialism | 1879–1884
|  | Black Repartition
Чёрный передел | BR
ЧП | Georgi Plekhanov
Pavel Axelrod
Osip Aptekman
Leo Deutsch
Vera Zasulich | Narodism
Agrarian socialism
Revolutionary socialism
Federalism | 1879–1881
|  | Emancipation of Labour
Освобождение труда | OT
ОТ | Georgi Plekhanov
Pavel Axelrod | Marxism
Scientific socialism | 1883–1903
merged into RSDLP
|  | Social Revolutionary Party of People's Right
Социально-революционная партия Народного права | People's Right
Народное право | Mark Natanson
Nikolay Tyutchev | Narodism
Revolutionary democracy | 1893–1894
|  | League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
Союз борьбы за освобождение рабочего класса | SBORK
СБОРК | Vladimir Ulyanov | Marxism
Social democracy | 1895–1897
merged into RSDLP
|  | Workers' Party for the Political Liberation of Russia
Рабочая партия политического освобождения России | RPPOR
РППОР | Grigory Gershuni
Catherine Breshkovsky | Narodism
Revolutionary socialism | 1897–1900
|  | Workers' Banner
Рабочее знамя | WB
РЗ | Sergey Andropov
Lydia Dan
Viktor Nogin | Social democracy
Anti-Economism | 1897–1902

### Post-revolutionary parties

[edit]

#### Left-wing

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia
Всеобщий еврейский рабочий союз в Литве, Польше и России
אלגעמײנער יידישער ארבעטער־בונד אין ליטע, פױלן און רוסלאנד | Bund
Бунд
בונד | Victor Alter | Bundism
Socialism
Jewish Autonomism
Non-Zionism
Secularism | 1897–1921
|  | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия | RSDLP
РСДРП | Vladimir Ulyanov (Bolsheviks)
Julius Martov (Mensheviks)  | Marxist socialism
Revolutionary socialism
Social democracy | 1898–1912
|  | Socialist Revolutionary Party
Партия социалистов-революционеров | Esers
Эсеры | Viktor Chernov | Agrarian socialism
Revolutionary socialism
Democratic socialism
Federalism
Neo-Narodism | 1902–1921
|  | Zionist Socialist Workers Party
Сионистско-социалистическая рабочая партия
ציוניסטישע סאציאליסטישע ארבעטער פארטיי | SS

צס | Naum Syrkin
Ber Borochov | Socialism
Zionism
Territorialism | 1905–1917
merged into UJSWP
|  | Jewish Socialist Workers Party
Социалистическая еврейская рабочая партия
סאציאליסטישע יידישע ארבעטער פארטײ | SEPR
СЕРП
סיאפ | Chaim Zhitlowsky | Socialism
National personal autonomism | 1905/6-1917
merged into UJSWP
|  | Labour Popular-Socialist Party
Трудовая народно-социалистическая партия | Enes's
Энесы | Alexey Peshekhonov
Nikolai Annensky
Venedikt Miakotin | Neo-Narodism
Popular socialism
Agrarian socialism
Social democracy
Left-wing nationalism | 1906–1921
|  | Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poalei Zion)
Еврейская социал-демократическая партия (Поалей Цион)
יידישע סאציאל דעמאקראטישער ארבעטער פארטיי (פאלעי ציון) | JSDLP(PZ)
ЕСДРП(ПЦ)
יסדאפ (פצ) | Ber Borochov
Yitzhak Ben-Zvi | Marxism
Socialist Zionism
Socialism
Centrist Marxism | 1906–1928
|  | Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries-Maximalists
Союз социалистов-революционеров-максималистов | Maximalists
Максималисты | Mikhail Sokolov
Vladimir Mazurin | Revolutionary socialism
Neo-Narodism
Left-wing terrorism
Anti-capitalism | 1906–1911,
1917-1919
|  | Labour Group
Трудовая группа | Trudoviks
Трудовики | Alexey Aladyin
Alexander Kerensky | Social democracy
Neo-Narodism
Agrarian socialism | 1906–1921
|  | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)
Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (большевиков) | RSDLP(b)
РСДРП(б) | Vladimir Lenin
Grigory Zinoviev | Communism
Bolshevism | 1912–1918
Successed by RCP(b)
|  | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (меньшевиков) | RSDLP(m)
РСДРП(м) | Julius Martov
Pavel Axelrod
Fyodor Dan | Social democracy
Democratic socialism
Menshevism | 1912–1918
|  | Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Internationalists)
Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (интернационалистов) | Mezhraiontsy
Межрайонцы | Leon Trotsky
Moisei Uritsky
Adolph Joffe
V. Volodarsky | Marxist socialism
Proletarian internationalism
Bolshevism-Menshevism | 1913–1917
Merged into RSDLP(b)
|  | Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
Партия левых социалистов-революционеров | Left SRs
Левые эсеры | Boris Kamkov
Mark Natanson
Maria Spiridonova | Agrarian socialism
Anti-Bolshevism (since 1918)
Revolutionary socialism
Neo-Narodism | 1917–1921
|  | Russian Socialist Labour Party of Internationalists
Российская социалистическая рабочая партия интернационалистов | RSLPI
РСРПИ | Boris Avilov
Vladimir Bazarov
Viacheslav Volgin
Nikolai Sukhanov | Marxist socialism
Proletarian internationalism | 1917–1920
Merged into RCP(b)
|  | Party of Narodnik Communists
Партия народников-коммунистов | PNC
ПНК | Grigoriy Zaks | Communism
Neo-Narodism | 1918-1918
Merged into RCP(b)
|  | Party of Revolutionary Communism
Партия революционного коммунизма | PRC
ПРК | Mark Natanson
Alexei Ustinov
Andrei Kolegayev | Integral socialism
Neo-Narodism | 1918–1920
Merged into RCP(b)
|  | Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion)
Еврейская коммунистическая партия (Поалей Цион)
יידישע קאמוניסטישע פארטיי (פאאלעי ציון) | JСP(PZ)
ЕКП (ПЦ)
יקפ (פצ) | Central Committee  | Communism
Marxism
Proletarian internationalism
Socialist Zionism | 1919–1922
Merged into RCP(b)
|  | Union of Working Peasants
Союз трудового крестьянства | STK
СТК | Alexander Antonov
Pyotr Tokmakov | Anti-communism
Neo-Narodism
Agrarian socialism
Revolutionary socialism | 1920–1921

#### Centrist and moderate

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | Progressive Economic Party of the Russian Empire
Прогрессивно-экономическая партия Российской империи
Commercial and Industrial Union of the Russian Empire
Торгово-промышленный союз Российской империи
Commercial and Industrial Party of the Russian Empire
Торгово-промышленная партия Российской империи | PEP
ПЭП
TPS
ТПС
TPP
ТПП | Grigory Krestovnikov | Anti-socialism
Bourgeoisie interests  | 1905-1905
|  | Party of the Legal Order
Партия правового порядка | PPP
ППП | Anatoly Savenko | Constitutional monarchism
Russian nationalism | 1905–1917
|  | Ittifaq al-Muslimin
Иттифак аль-Муслимин
İttifaqi-Müslimin
اتفاق المسلمين | Ittifaq
Иттифак
اتفاق | Alimardan bey Topchubashov
Khalil bey Khasmammadov
Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev | Islamic liberalism
Jadidism
Constitutional monarchism | 1905–1917
|  | Constitutional Democratic Party
Конституционно-демократическая партия | Kadets
Кадеты | Pavel Miliukov | Constitutionalism
Constitutional monarchism
Liberal democracy
Parliamentarism
Political pluralism
Social liberalism | 1905–1917
|  | Union of October 17
Союз 17 октября | Octoberists
Октябристы | Alexander Guchkov | Reformism
Liberal conservatism
Constitutional monarchism | 1905–1917
|  | Union of freedom, Truth and Peace
Союз свободы, истины и мира | UFTP
ССИМ | Ivan Prokhanov
Nikolay Odintsov
Pyotr Frizen | Christian democracy
Mennonism
Evangelical Christianity
Left Baptism
Constitutional monarchism | 1905–1906
|  | Party of Democratic Reform
Партия демократических реформ | PDR
ПДР | Maksim Kovalevsky | Classical liberalism | 1906–1907
Merged into Progressive Party
|  | Party of Peaceful Renovation
Партия мирного обновления | PMO
ПМО | Pyotr Heiden
Nikolay Lvov | Liberal conservatism
Classical liberalism | 1906–1907
Merged into Progressive Party
|  | Progressive Party
Прогрессивная партия | Progressists
Прогрессисты | Aleksandr Konovalov
Ivan Yefryemov | Classical liberalism
Conservative liberalism
Constitutional monarchism | 1907–1917

#### Right-wing

[edit]

Name  | Abbr.  | Leader (s)  | Ideology  | Years active

|
|
|
|

|  | Russian Assembly
Русское собрание | RS
РС | Dmitri Golitsyn
Nikolai Engelhardt | Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality
Monarchism
Conservatism
Russian nationalism | 1900–1917
|  | Russian Brotherhood
Русское братство | RB
РБ | major Protsenko
Pyotr Zhukov | Black Hundreds
Tsarist monarchism
Great Russian nationalism
National conservatism
Christian fundamentalism
antisemitism | 1904–1913
|  | Union of the Russian People
Союз русского народа | URP
СРН | Alexander Dubrovin
Nikolai Markov | Black Hundreds
Tsarist monarchism
Russia for Russians
Triune Russian nation
Great Russian nationalism
Conservatism
Orthodox fundamentalism
Right-wing populism
Anti-Ukrainian sentiment
Pochvennichestvo
antisemitism | 1905–1917
|  | Union of the Russian Men
Союз русских людей | URM
СРЛ | Alexander Shcherbatov
Pavel Sheremetev
Pyotr Sheremetev | Black Hundreds
Tsarist monarchism
Great Russian nationalism
Conservatism
Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality
antisemitism | 1905-1910/11
|  | Russian Monarchist Union
Русский монархический союз | RMU
РМС | Vladimir Gringmut
Mihail Hutorov | Black Hundreds
Tsarist monarchism
Great Russian nationalism
Conservatism | 1905–1917
|  | United Nobility
Объединённое дворянство | OD
ОД | Aleksei Bobrinsky
Alexander Naryshkin
Ananiy Strukov
Alexander Samarin | Tsarist monarchism
Russian nationalism
Nobility interests  | 1906–1917
|  | Union of the Archangel Michael
Союз имени Михаила Архангела | SMA
СМА | Vladimir Purishkevich | Black Hundreds
Tsarist monarchism
Russian ultranationalism
National conservatism
antisemitism | 1908–1917
|  | All-Russian National Union
Всероссийский национальный союз | VNS
ВНС | Pyotr Balashov
Vasily Shulgin | Russian nationalism
Tsarist monarchism
National liberalism
National conservatism | 1908–1917
|  | Party of Moderate Right
Партия умеренно-правых | PMR
ПУП | Pyotr Balashov | Russian nationalism
Tsarist monarchism
Orthodox fundamentalism
Anti-liberalism | 1909–1910
merged into VNS
|  | All-Russian Dubrovinist Union of the Russian People
Всероссийский дубровинский союз русского народа | ARDURP
ВДСРН | Alexander Dubrovin | Black Hundreds
Anti-Stolypin reform
Great Russian ultranationalism
National conservatism
Orthodox fundamentalism
Agrarianism
antisemitism | 1912–1917
|  | Domestic Patriotic Union
Отечественный патриотический союз | OPS
ОПС | Vasiliy Orlov
Vasiliy Skvortsov | Tsarist monarchism
Conservatism
Orthodox fundamentalism
Anti-socialism | 1915–1917

## See also

[edit]

* List of ruling political parties by country
* Politics of Russia

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Список зарегистрированных политических партий". Официальный сайт Министерства юстиции России. Archived from the original on 2020-09-13. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
2. ^ "Список политических партий, имеющих право в соответствии с Федеральным законом от 11.07.2001 № 95-ФЗ «О политических партиях» принимать участие в выборах, по состоянию на текущую дату (07.07.2021)". Официальный сайт Министерства юстиции России. Archived from the original (doc) on 2021-07-26. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
3. ^ a b "Каспаров. Ru | 15 политических партий не соответствуют положениям нового закона и будут ликвидированы". Archived from the original on 2013-03-14. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
4. ^ "Федеральный закон от 11.07.2001 № 95-ФЗ «О политических партиях» (в ред. от 03.07.2018)". Archived from the original on 2016-10-25. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
5. ^ "Госдума приняла закон об увеличении минимальной численности партии до 50 тыс. человек". NEWSru. 2004-12-03. Archived from the original on 2014-09-15. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
6. ^ "Госдума одобрила снижение обязательной минимальной численности партий. Оппозиция все равно недовольна". NEWSru. 2009-03-13. Archived from the original on 2014-09-15. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
7. ^ "Госдума одобрила законопроект о Выборах и партиях". Archived from the original on 2019-02-20. Retrieved 2020-04-27.
8. ^ Compare: Isaacs, Rico (21 March 2011). Party System Formation in Kazakhstan: Between Formal and Informal Politics. Central Asian Studies. Abingdon: Routledge (published 2011). ISBN 9781136791079. Retrieved 2018-03-07. "A central principle behind the party of power is a party's relationship with the state (Knox et al., 2006). Parties of power have a close relationship with the executive branch which is seen to co-opt parties of power for their own political purposes (Hale, 2004). Thus, parties of power are an extension of the executive where the party 'is the actual group whose members wield power in and through the executive branch of government' (Oversloot and Verheul, 2006: 394)."
9. ^ a b Isaacs, Rico (2011). Party System Formation in Kazakhstan: Between Formal and Informal Politics. Routledge. p. 38.
10. ^ "Russia Analytical Digest" (PDF) (102). University of Basel, Center for Security Studies Zürich, Forschungsstelle Osteuropa Bremen. 26 November 2011: 2–6\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2012. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
11. ^ Yevgeny Utkin. Seven parties, one virtually certain outcome Russia Beyond the Headlines. (2011-11-23)
12. ^ "VK.com | VK". m.vk.com. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
13. ^ https://digitaldem.ru/2021/09/20/partiya-prjamoj-demokratii-proshla-v-zaksobranije-eao/ Партия прямой демократии прошла в заксобрание Еврейской автономной области
14. ^ "Список зарегистрированных политических партий - Минюст России". minjust.ru. Archived from the original on 2020-09-13. Retrieved 2020-09-09.
15. ^ Kozlov, Vladimir; Fitzpatrick, Sheila; Mironenko, Sergei (2011). Sedition: Everyday Resistance in the Soviet Union under Khrushchev and Brezhnev. Yale University Press. p. 302\. ISBN 9780300111699.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Gel′man, Vladimir (2013). Party Politics in Russia: From Competition to Hierarchy. CQ Press. pp. 273–289. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
* Hale, Henry E. (2006). Why Not Parties in Russia?: Democracy, Federalism, and the State. Cambridge University Press.
* Smyth, Regina (2012). Political parties. Routledge. pp. 115–128.
* White, Stephen (2013). Russia's Client Party System. CQ Press. pp. 306–330. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)

## External links

[edit]

* Justice Ministry webpage about Russian political parties
* Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation webpage about Russian political parties Archived 2009-07-21 at the Wayback Machine

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