List of popes by country

Coat of Arms of the Holy See.

This page is a list of popes by country of origin and nationality. There have been 265 popes, from the continents of Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, and North America. Since the office of pope has existed for almost two millennia, many of the countries of origin of popes no longer exist, and so they are grouped under three periods: the Roman Empire period, the Middle Ages to modernity, and since the creation of Vatican City with the 1929 Lateran Treaty. Countries are listed in chronological order within each section.

## Statistical overview

[edit]

As of 2025, 265 men have been pope, with at least one pope hailing (in chronological order) from Asia (9), Europe (251), Africa (3), or the Americas (2).[a] Every pope since Pope Pius XI has been a citizen of Vatican City (established in the 1929 Lateran Treaty).[b]

* 217 popes are from contemporary Italy, starting with the second Pope Linus, including all popes with the names Pius, Boniface, and Paul, Pope Benedict IX, and most recently Pope John Paul I.
* Most of these were ethnic Italians, but 5 were ethnic Greeks (Pope Telesphorus, Pope Anterus, Pope Zosimus, Pope John VI, and Pope John VII).
* 4 Italian citizens later became naturalized citizens of Vatican City: Pope Pius XII, Pope John XXIII, Pope Paul VI, and Pope John Paul I.
* 17 from France and from the Holy Roman Empire in contemporary France, including Savoy: Pope Sylvester II, Pope Leo IX, Pope Stephen IX, Pope Nicholas II, Pope Urban II, Pope Callistus II, Pope Urban IV, Pope Clement IV, Pope Innocent V, Pope Martin IV, Pope Clement V, Pope John XXII, Pope Benedict XII, Pope Clement VI, Pope Innocent VI, Pope Urban V, and Pope Gregory XI.
* 9 ethnic Greeks, with 4 each from contemporary Greece and Italy, while Pope John VI was from contemporary Turkey.
* 4 from contemporary Greece: Pope Anacletus, Pope Hyginus, Pope Eleutherius, Pope Sixtus II.
* 4 from contemporary Italy: Pope Telesphorus, Pope Anterus, Pope Zosimus , and Pope John VII.
* 1 from contemporary Turkey: Pope John VI
* 6 from Provincia Syria or Bilad al-Sham, contemporary Syria and Lebanon: the first pope commonly known as Saint Peter, Pope Anicetus, Pope John V, Pope Sergius I, Pope Constantine, and Pope Gregory III.[c]
* 4 from the Holy Roman Empire in contemporary Germany: Pope Clement II, Pope Damasus II, Pope Victor II, and Pope Benedict XVI.
* 3 from Africa Proconsularis, contemporary Tunisia, western Libya, and eastern Algeria: Pope Victor I, Pope Miltiades, Pope Gelasius I.
* 2 from the Holy Land, contemporary Israel, Palestine, and Syria: Pope Evaristus and Pope Theodore I.[c]
* 2 from Dalmatia in contemporary Croatia: Pope Caius and Pope John IV.
* 2 from Spain: Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI.
* 2 from Portugal: Pope Damasus I and Pope John XXI.
* 2 from Anatolia, contemporary Turkey: Pope Conon and Pope John VI.
* 1 from the Holy Roman Empire in contemporary Austria: Pope Gregory V.
* 1 from the Holy Roman Empire in the contemporary Netherlands: Pope Adrian VI.
* 1 from England: Pope Adrian IV.
* 1 from Poland: Pope John Paul II.
* 1 from Argentina: Pope Francis.
* 1 from the United States who obtained dual citizenship with Peru: Pope Leo XIV.

### Table of popes by country

[edit]

Country | Number of popes | Year of last papacy

|
|

Africa Province (Roman Empire) | 3 | 496
Croatia (Kingdom of the Lombards)
Dalmatia | 2 | 642
Judaea Province (Roman Empire)
Byzantine Palestine | 3 | 649
Asia Minor | 2 | 705
Roman Greece and Byzantine Greece | 5 | 687
Roman/Byzantine Syria, and Bilad al-Sham | 7 | 741
Austrian part of Holy Roman Empire | 1 | 999
England | 1 | 1159
Lusitania (Roman Empire) and Portugal | 2 | 1277
Kingdom of France (medieval)
French part of Holy Roman Empire | 17 | 1378
Spain (Valencia in the Crown of Aragon) | 2 | 1503
Dutch part of Holy Roman Empire | 1 | 1523
Italian Peninsula (see below) | 217 | 1978
Vatican City | 9 | current[d]
Poland | 1 | 2005
German part of Holy Roman Empire
Contemporary Germany | 4 | 2013
Argentina | 1 | 2025
United States & Peru | 1 | current[e]
Total | 265 |

## Popes from the Roman Empire

[edit]

These subsections of popes from the Western and Eastern Roman Empires are listed in chronological order.

### Syria

[edit]

These popes are from the Roman and Byzantine province of Syria, or the Umayyad Caliphate province of Bilad al-Sham, corresponding to the contemporary country of Syria. Pope Peter (c. 30 – c. 67) was a native of Bethsaida, in the contemporary Golan Heights, and became the first pope. Pope Sergius I (687–701) was born to a Syrian family in Sicily, and is also listed under Byzantine Italy. Pope Constantine (708–715) was from Tyre, Jund al-Urdunn, Bilad al-Sham, Umayyad Caliphate, in contemporary Lebanon. Pope Gregory III (731–741) was the last pope from outside Europe until Pope Francis (2013–2025).[2]

* Pope Peter (64–68)
* Pope Anicetus (c. 154–167)
* Pope John V (685–686)
* Pope Sergius I (687–701)
* Pope Sisinnius (708)
* Pope Constantine (708–715)
* Pope Gregory III (731–741)

### Italy

[edit]

#### Roman Italy

[edit]

Pope Linus (64/67(?)–76/79 (?)) succeeded Peter as the second pope, becoming the first European pope.

* Pope Linus (64/67(?)–76/79 (?))
* Pope Anacletus (76/79(?)–88)
* Pope Clement I (88/92–97/101)
* Pope Alexander I (c.106–c.115)
* Pope Sixtus I (117/119(?)–126/128(?)
* Pope Pius I (c. 140 – c. 154)
* Pope Soter (c. 166 – 174/175)
* Pope Zephyrinus (199–217)
* Pope Callixtus I (c. 217 – 222)
* Pope Pontian (230–235)
* Pope Urban I (222–230)
* Pope Fabian (236–250)
* Pope Cornelius (251–253)
* Pope Lucius I (253–254)
* Pope Stephen I (254–257)
* Pope Felix I (269–274)
* Pope Eutychian (275–283)
* Pope Marcellinus (296–304?)
* Pope Marcellus I (308–309)
* Pope Eusebius (309/310)
* Pope Sylvester I (314–335)
* Pope Mark (336)
* Pope Julius I (337–352)
* Pope Liberius (352–366)
* Pope Siricius (384–399)
* Pope Anastasius I (399–401)
* Pope Innocent I (401–417)
* Pope Boniface I (418–422)
* Pope Celestine I (422–432)
* Pope Sixtus III (432–440)
* Pope Leo I (440–461)
* Pope Hilarius (461–468)
* Pope Simplicius (468–483)
* Pope Felix III (483–492)
* Pope Anastasius II (496–498)
* Pope Symmachus (498–514)
* Pope Silverius (536–537)

#### Byzantine Italy

[edit]

* Pope Pelagius I (556–561)
* Pope John III (561–574)
* Pope Benedict I (575–579)
* Pope Pelagius II (579–590)
* Pope Gregory I (590–604)
* Pope Sabinian (604–606)
* Pope Boniface III (607)
* Pope Boniface IV (608–615)
* Pope Adeodatus I (615–618)
* Pope Boniface V (619–625)
* Pope Honorius I (625–638)
* Pope Severinus (636–640)
* Pope Martin I (649–653)
* Pope Eugene I (654–657)
* Pope Vitalian (657–672)
* Pope Adeodatus II (672–676)
* Pope Donus (676–678)
* Pope Agatho (678–681)
* Pope Leo II (682–683)
* Pope Benedict II (684–685)
* Pope Sergius I (687–701)
* Pope Gregory II (715–731)
* Pope Zachary (741–752)
* Pope Stephen II (752–757)
* Pope Stephen III (768–772)
* Pope Stephen IV (816–817)
* Pope Stephen VIII (939-942)

#### Byzantine Sicily

[edit]

Pope Sergius I (687–701) was born to a Syrian family in Sicily, and is also listed under Syria.

* Pope Conon (686–687)
* Pope Sergius I (687–701)

### Greece

[edit]

These popes were considered ethnic Greeks, though some came from Italy.

* Pope Anacletus (80–92), a native of Rome
* Pope Telesphorus (126–137), from Calabria, Italy
* Pope Hyginus (c. 138 – c. 142), from Athens
* Pope Eleuterus (174/175–189), from Epirus
* Pope Anterus (235–236), from Calabria
* Pope Sixtus II (257–258), from Greece
* Pope Zosimus (417–418), from Calabria
* Pope John VI (701–705), from Ephesus (in modern Turkey)
* Pope John VII (705–707), from Calabria

### Roman Judaea

[edit]

Pope Peter (c. 30 – c. 67) was born in Bethsaida, Roman Syria before the creation of Judaea Province, in the contemporary Golan Heights. Pope Evaristus (c. 99 – c. 107) was born in Bethlehem, in the contemporary West Bank. Pope Theodore I (642–649) was born in Jerusalem.

* Pope Peter (c. 30 – c. 67)
* Pope Evaristus (c. 99 – c. 107)
* Pope Theodore I (642–649)

### Roman Africa

[edit]

Roman African Pope Miltiades.

These popes are from the Roman province of Africa, which corresponds to the coastal parts of Tunisia, Libya and Algeria. Pope Victor I (189–199) was the first African pope and was of Berber origin.[3]

* Pope Victor I (189–199)
* Pope Miltiades (311–314)
* Pope Gelasius I (492–496)

### Roman Dalmatia

[edit]

Dalmatia was at the time part of the Roman and Byzantine Empires. It is now part of the contemporary Republic of Croatia.

* Pope Caius (283–296)
* Pope John IV (640–642)

### Roman Lusitania

[edit]

Lusitania corresponds to present-day Portugal and the southwest part of Spain.

* Pope Damasus I (366–384)

### Byzantine Anatolia

[edit]

Anatolia, or Asia Minor, was at the time part of the Roman and Byzantine Empires. All popes from here were born during the Byzantine period, in areas now part of the contemporary Republic of Turkey.

* Pope Conon (686–687)
* Pope John VI (655–705)

## Popes from the Middle Ages to modernity

[edit]

The current concept of sovereignty emerged after the 1648 Peace of Westphalia,[4] collectively known as Westphalian sovereignty. However, some historians have argued against this, suggesting that such views emerged during the nineteenth and twentieth century in relation to concerns about sovereignty during that time.[5] These Westphalian states are listed below in chronological order.

### Italy

[edit]

Italy, from the beginning of the Middle Ages until the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, was divided into numerous city-states and other political entities. Among these, the Papal States were the birthplace of most of the popes. Other Italian states where more popes were born were the Republic of Venice, the Kingdom of Naples, the Republic of Genoa, the Duchy of Milan and the Florentine Republic and its successor the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

#### Ostrogothic Kingdom

[edit]

* Pope Hormisdas (514–523)
* Pope John I (523–526)
* Pope Felix IV (526–530)
* Pope Boniface II (530–532)
* Pope John II (533–535)
* Pope Agapetus I (535–536)
* Pope Vigilius (537–555)

#### Papal States

[edit]

* Pope Paul I (757–767)
* Pope Adrian I (772–795)
* Pope Leo III (795–816)
* Pope Paschal I (817–824)
* Pope Eugene II (824–827)
* Pope Valentine (827)
* Pope Gregory IV (827–844)
* Pope Sergius II (844–847)
* Pope Leo IV (847–855)
* Pope Benedict III (855–858)
* Pope Nicholas I (858–867)
* Pope Adrian II (867–872)
* Pope John VIII (872–882)
* Pope Marinus I (882–884)
* Pope Adrian III (884–885)
* Pope Stephen V (885–891)
* Pope Formosus (891–896)
* Pope Boniface VI (896)
* Pope Stephen VI (896–897)
* Pope Romanus (897)
* Pope Theodore II (897)
* Pope John IX (898–900)
* Pope Benedict IV (900–903)
* Pope Leo V (903)
* Pope Sergius III (904–911)
* Pope Anastasius III (911–913)
* Pope Lando (913–914)
* Pope John X (914–928)
* Pope Leo VI (928)
* Pope Stephen VII (928–931)
* Pope John XI (931–935)
* Pope Leo VII (936–939)
* Pope Marinus II (942–946)
* Pope Agapetus II (946–955)
* Pope John XII (955–964)
* Pope Benedict V (964)
* Pope Leo VIII (963–965)
* Pope John XIII (965–972)
* Pope Benedict VI (973–974)
* Pope Benedict VII (974–983)
* Pope John XV (985–996)
* Pope John XVII (1003)
* Pope John XVIII (1004–1009)
* Pope Sergius IV (1009–1012)
* Pope Benedict VIII (1012–1024)
* Pope John XIX (1024–1032)
* Pope Benedict IX (1032-1044; 1045; 1047-1048)[1]
* Pope Sylvester III (1045)
* Pope Gregory VI (1045–1046)
* Pope Paschal II (1099–1118)
* Pope Honorius II (1124–1130)
* Pope Innocent II (1130–1143)
* Pope Celestine II (1143–1144)
* Pope Lucius II (1144–1145)
* Pope Anastasius IV (1153–1154)
* Pope Gregory VIII (1187)
* Pope Clement III (1187–1191)
* Pope Celestine III (1191–1198)
* Pope Innocent III (1198–1216)
* Pope Honorius III (1216–1227)
* Pope Gregory IX (1227–1241)
* Pope Alexander IV (1254–1261)
* Pope Nicholas III (1277–1280)
* Pope Honorius IV (1285–1287)
* Pope Nicholas IV (1288–1292)
* Pope Boniface VIII (1294–1303)
* Pope Martin V (1417–1431)
* Pope Paul III (1534–1549)
* Pope Julius III (1550–1555)
* Pope Marcellus II (1555)
* Pope Gregory XIII (1572–1585)
* Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590)
* Pope Urban VII (1590)
* Pope Innocent IX (1591)
* Pope Clement VIII (1592–1605)
* Pope Paul V (1605–1621)
* Pope Gregory XV (1621–1623)
* Pope Innocent X (1644–1655)
* Pope Clement X (1670–1676)
* Pope Clement XI (1700–1721)
* Pope Innocent XIII (1721–1724)
* Pope Benedict XIV (1740–1758)
* Pope Clement XIV (1769–1774)
* Pope Pius VI (1775–1799)
* Pope Pius VII (1800–1823)
* Pope Leo XII (1823–1829)
* Pope Pius VIII (1829–1830)
* Pope Pius IX (1846–1878)
* Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903)[f]

#### Italy, Holy Roman Empire

[edit]

* Pope John XIV (983–984)
* Pope Alexander II (1061–1073)
* Pope Gregory VII (1073–1085)
* Pope Eugene III (1145–1153)
* Pope Alexander III (1159–1181)
* Pope Lucius III (1181–1185)
* Pope Urban III (1185–1187)
* Pope Celestine IV (1241)
* Pope Gregory X (1271–1276)
* Pope Benedict XI (1303–1304)

#### Former Italian states with one pope

[edit]

* Pope Victor III (1086–1087) (Duchy of Benevento)
* Pope Gelasius II (1118–1119) (Duchy of Gaeta)
* Pope Celestine V (1294) (Kingdom of Sicily)
* Pope Benedict XV (1914–1922) (Kingdom of Sardinia)

#### Republic of Genoa

[edit]

* Pope Innocent IV (1243–1254)
* Pope Adrian V (1276)
* Pope Nicholas V (1447–1455)
* Pope Sixtus IV (1471–1484)
* Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492)
* Pope Julius II (1503–1513)

#### Kingdom of Naples

[edit]

* Pope Urban VI (1378–1389)
* Pope Boniface IX (1389–1404)
* Pope Innocent VII (1404–1406)
* Pope Paul IV (1555–1559)
* Pope Innocent XII (1691–1700)
* Pope Benedict XIII (1724–1730)

#### Republic of Venice

[edit]

Venetian Pope Clement XIII

* Pope Gregory XII (1406–1415)
* Pope Eugene IV (1431–1447)
* Pope Paul II (1464–1471)
* Pope Alexander VIII (1689–1691)
* Pope Clement XIII (1758–1769)
* Pope Gregory XVI (1831–1846)

#### Republic of Siena

[edit]

* Pope Pius II (1458–1464)
* Pope Pius III (1503)

#### Republic of Florence, Duchy of Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany

[edit]

* Pope Leo X (1513–1521)
* Pope Clement VII (1523–1534)
* Pope Leo XI (1605)
* Pope Urban VIII (1623–1644)
* Pope Alexander VII (1655–1667)
* Pope Clement IX (1667–1669)
* Pope Clement XII (1730–1740)

#### Duchy of Milan

[edit]

* Pope Pius IV (1559–1565)
* Pope Pius V (1566–1572)
* Pope Gregory XIV (1590–1591)
* Pope Innocent XI (1676–1689)

#### Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

[edit]

* Pope Pius X (1903–1914)
* Pope Pius XI (1922–1939)

### Austria

[edit]

The medieval Duchy of Carinthia was part of the Holy Roman Empire. It is now largely part of contemporary Austria. The  Salian, Pope Gregory V is sometimes referred to as "the first German pope" or as "the only Austrian pope".[6][7] However, German or Austrian national identities did not exist yet during the High Middle Ages.

* Pope Gregory V (996–999) (Duchy of Carinthia)

### France

[edit]

France is the most common non-Italian papal country of origin. Seventeen popes were born in present-day France, all in the second half of the medieval era. The indicated seven popes of the Avignon Papacy were all from France. Since the end of the Avignon Papacy, no French person has been elected pope.

#### Kingdom of France (medieval)

[edit]

French Pope Clement V

* Pope Sylvester II (999–1003): Gerbert of Aurillac
* Pope Urban II (1088–1099): Otho of Lagery (or Otto or Odo)
* Pope Urban IV (1261–1264): Jacques Pantaléon
* Pope Clement IV (1265–1268): Guy Foulques
* Pope Martin IV (1281–1285): Simon de Brie
* Pope Clement V (1305–1314): Bertrand de Got (A)
* Pope John XXII (1316–1334): Jacques d'Euse (A)
* Pope Benedict XII (1334–1342): Jacques Fournier (A)
* Pope Clement VI (1342–1352): Pierre Roger (A)
* Pope Innocent VI (1352–1362): Stephen Aubert (A)
* Pope Urban V (1362–1370): Guillaume de Grimoard (A)
* Pope Gregory XI (1370–1378): Pierre Roger de Beaufort (A)

#### Holy Roman Empire

[edit]

Pope Nicholas II and Pope Innocent V were from Savoy before it was annexed to France.

* Pope Leo IX (1049–1054) (Alsace, Duchy of Swabia): Bruno, Count of Dagsburg (sometimes referred to as German)
* Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058) (Duchy of Lorraine): Frederick of Lorraine (sometimes referred to as German)
* Pope Nicholas II (1059–1061) (Kingdom of Burgundy): Gerard of Burgundy
* Pope Callixtus II (1119–1124) (County of Burgundy): Guido of Vienne
* Pope Innocent V (1276) (Kingdom of Arles): Pierre de Tarentaise

#### Napoleonic France

[edit]

Pope Leo XIII was born in Rome while it was under Napoleonic French occupation and is also listed under Italy.

* Pope Leo XII (1823–1829)[f]

### Germany

[edit]

There are up to nine popes who, for various reasons, have been historically referred to as "German" – including the Ostrogothic Boniface II, the Austrian Gregory V and the Dutch Adrian VI.[8] However, only three of those were born within present-day Germany; the exact place of birth of Victor II is unknown.

* Pope Clement II (1046–1047) (Duchy of Saxony)
* Pope Damasus II (1048) (Duchy of Bavaria)
* Pope Victor II (1055–1057) (Duchy of Swabia)

### England

[edit]

England is part of the contemporary United Kingdom.

* Pope Adrian IV (1154–1159)

### Portugal

[edit]

* Pope John XXI (1276–1277) (Kingdom of Portugal)

### Spain

[edit]

The Kingdom of Valencia was then part of the possessions of the Crown of Aragon; it is now part of contemporary Spain.

* Pope Callixtus III (1455–1458)
* Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503)

### Netherlands

[edit]

Pope Adrian VI was from the Burgundian Netherlands within the Holy Roman Empire and was the last non-Italian elected pope until Pope John Paul II in 1978.

* Pope Adrian VI (1522–1523) (Bishopric of Utrecht)

## Popes since the creation of Vatican City

[edit]

The Lateran Pacts of 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel III and Benito Mussolini and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI settled the long-standing Roman question brought about by the unification of Italy. Italy agreed to recognize Vatican City as an independent state under the sovereignty of the Holy See. Italy also agreed to give the Catholic Church financial compensation for the loss of the Papal States.[9][10] There have been nine popes since the legal creation of Vatican City in the 1929 Lateran Treaty: Pope Pius XI, Pope Pius XII, Pope John XXIII, Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul I, Pope John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI, Pope Francis, and the current Pope Leo XIV. All are naturalized citizens of Vatican City and are listed below in chronological order.

### Italy

[edit]

Since Pope Pius XI's 1929 Lateran Pacts, all his Italian papal successors were born citizens of the Kingdom of Italy; no Italian born since Italy became a republic in 1946 has been elected pope.

* Pope Pius XI (1922–1939) (Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia)
* Pope Pius XII (1939–1958)
* Pope John XXIII (1958–1963)
* Pope Paul VI (1963–1978)
* Pope John Paul I (1978)

### Poland

[edit]

Pope John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI in the 16th century and was born in the Second Polish Republic.

* Pope John Paul II (1978–2005)

### Germany

[edit]

Pope Benedict XVI was the second non-Italian pope since Adrian VI in the 16th century and was born in Weimar Germany.

* Pope Benedict XVI (2005–2013)

### Argentina

[edit]

Pope Francis was the first pope from the Americas, Latin America, South America, and the Southern Hemisphere, and the first born or raised outside Europe since the Syrian Pope Gregory III (731–741).[2]

* Pope Francis (2013–2025)

### United States & Peru

[edit]

Pope Leo XIV is the first pope from North America. He was born in the United States and became a citizen of Peru in 2015.

* Pope Leo XIV (2025–present)[e]

## See also

[edit]

* Annuario Pontificio
* Conclave
* History of the papacy
* Index of Vatican City-related articles
* Legends surrounding the papacy
* Liber Pontificalis
* Papal name
* Pope John numbering
* Prophecy of the Popes

### Lists

[edit]

* List of canonized popes
* List of popes who died violently
* List of popes by country
* List of popes from the Borgia family
* List of popes from the Conti family
* List of popes from the Medici family
* List of sexually active popes
* List of popes (graphical)

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Saints and Sinners, a History of the Popes. Yale University Press. 1997. ISBN 0-300-07332-1.
* The Incredible Book of Vatican Facts and Papal Curiosities – a treasury of trivia, Gramercy Books, New York, 1998 ISBN 0-517-22083-0

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ There have been 267 papacies, since Pope Benedict IX (1032–1044; 1045; 1047–1048) was elected pope three times.[1]
2. ^ Pope Pius XI, Pope Pius XII, Pope John XXIII, Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul I, Pope John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI, Pope Francis, and Pope Leo XIV have all been Vatican citizens.
3. ^ a b The first pope Saint Peter was a native of Bethsaida, in the contemporary Golan Heights.
4. ^ No pope was born in Vatican City, all of them are naturalized citizens of Vatican City.
5. ^ a b The current Pope Leo XIV was born in the United States and obtained citizenship with Peru in 2015 and Vatican City in 2023.
6. ^ a b Pope Leo XIII was born in Rome while it was under Napoleonic French occupation.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Coulombe, Charles A. (2003). Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes. Citadel Press. p. 198\. ISBN 978-0-8065-2370-5.
2. ^ a b Fisher, Max (13 March 2013). "Sorry, Jorge Mario Bergoglio is not the first non-European pope". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 June 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
3. ^ Avis, Paul (2018). The Oxford Handbook of Ecclesiology. Oxford University Press. pp. 627–628\. ISBN 9780191081378.
4. ^ Patton, Steven (2019). "The Peace of Westphalia and it Affects on International Relations, Diplomacy and Foreign Policy". The Histories. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
5. ^ Osiander, Andreas (2001). "Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Westphalian Myth". International Organization. 55 (2): 251–287\. doi:10.1162/00208180151140577. JSTOR 3078632. S2CID 145407931. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
6. ^ Gerhard Jelinek: Mutiger, klüger, verrückter: Frauen, die Geschichte machten, Amalthea Signum Verlag, 2020. (in German)
7. ^ Stephan Vajda: Die Babenberger: Aufstieg einer Dynastie, Orac, 1986, p. 26\. (in German)
8. ^ Ingo von Münch: Die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit. Vergangenheit – Gegenwart – Zukunft. De Gruyter Recht, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-89949-433-4, p. 116\. (in German)
9. ^ "Vatican City turns 91". Vatican News. 11 February 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2021. "The world's smallest sovereign state was born on February 11, 1929, with the signing of the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy"
10. ^ A History of Western Society (Tenth ed.). Bedford/St. Martin's. 2010. p. 900.

## External links

[edit]

* "Every Pope ever: the full list". TheGuardian.com. 13 February 2013. at The Guardian
* "Lista de los Papas: y comentarios triviales". rcadena.net (in Spanish). Translated by R. Cadena Cepeda. Archived from the original on April 15, 2002. Retrieved Aug 13, 2018. "San Pedro (32 AD-67). Judío, Pescador. Nació en 4 A.C. Casado, con una hija: Petronila. Nombre arameo: Simón Bar- Jona." * The list of popes is based on the following bibliography:

1. "Crónica de los Papas": of P.G. Maxwell Stuart,
2. "Vatican facts": of Nino Lo Bello,
3. "Saints and Sinners": of historian Eamon Duffy
4. Liber Pontificalis

* v
* t
* e

Popes of the Catholic Church

* List of popes
* graphical
* canonised
* Papal names
* Tombs
* extant
* non-extant
* Antipope
* Pope emeritus
* papal resignation
* Pope-elect
* Apocryphal Pope Donus II

1st–4th centuries|

* Peter
* Linus
* Anacletus
* Clement I
* Evaristus
* Alexander I
* Sixtus I
* Telesphorus
* Hyginus
* Pius I
* Anicetus
* Soter
* Eleutherius
* Victor I
* Zephyrinus
* Callixtus I
* Urban I
* Pontian
* Anterus
* Fabian
* Cornelius
* Lucius I
* Stephen I
* Sixtus II
* Dionysius
* Felix I
* Eutychian
* Caius
* Marcellinus
* Marcellus I
* Eusebius
* Miltiades
* Sylvester I
* Mark
* Julius I
* Liberius
* Damasus I
* Siricius
* Anastasius I

5th–8th centuries|

* Innocent I
* Zosimus
* Boniface I
* Celestine I
* Sixtus III
* Leo I
* Hilarius
* Simplicius
* Felix III
* Gelasius I
* Anastasius II
* Symmachus
* Hormisdas
* John I
* Felix IV
* Boniface II
* John II
* Agapetus I
* Silverius
* Vigilius
* Pelagius I
* John III
* Benedict I
* Pelagius II
* Gregory I
* Sabinian
* Boniface III
* Boniface IV
* Adeodatus I
* Boniface V
* Honorius I
* Severinus
* John IV
* Theodore I
* Martin I
* Eugene I
* Vitalian
* Adeodatus II
* Donus
* Agatho
* Leo II
* Benedict II
* John V
* Conon
* Sergius I
* John VI
* John VII
* Sisinnius
* Constantine
* Gregory II
* Gregory III
* Zachary
* Stephen II
* Paul I
* Stephen III
* Adrian I
* Leo III

9th–12th centuries|

* Stephen IV
* Paschal I
* Eugene II
* Valentine
* Gregory IV
* Sergius II
* Leo IV
* Benedict III
* Nicholas I
* Adrian II
* John VIII
* Marinus I
* Adrian III
* Stephen V
* Formosus
* Boniface VI
* Stephen VI
* Romanus
* Theodore II
* John IX
* Benedict IV
* Leo V
* Sergius III
* Anastasius III
* Lando
* John X
* Leo VI
* Stephen VII
* John XI
* Leo VII
* Stephen VIII
* Marinus II
* Agapetus II
* John XII
* Benedict V
* Leo VIII
* John XIII
* Benedict VI
* Benedict VII
* John XIV
* John XV
* Gregory V
* Sylvester II
* John XVII
* John XVIII
* Sergius IV
* Benedict VIII
* John XIX
* Benedict IX
* Sylvester III
* Gregory VI
* Clement II
* Damasus II
* Leo IX
* Victor II
* Stephen IX
* Nicholas II
* Alexander II
* Gregory VII
* Victor III
* Urban II
* Paschal II
* Gelasius II
* Callixtus II
* Honorius II
* Innocent II
* Celestine II
* Lucius II
* Eugene III
* Anastasius IV
* Adrian IV
* Alexander III
* Lucius III
* Urban III
* Gregory VIII
* Clement III
* Celestine III
* Innocent III

13th–16th centuries|

* Honorius III
* Gregory IX
* Celestine IV
* Innocent IV
* Alexander IV
* Urban IV
* Clement IV
* Gregory X
* Innocent V
* Adrian V
* John XXI
* Nicholas III
* Martin IV
* Honorius IV
* Nicholas IV
* Celestine V
* Boniface VIII
* Benedict XI
* Clement V
* John XXII
* Benedict XII
* Clement VI
* Innocent VI
* Urban V
* Gregory XI
* Urban VI
* Boniface IX
* Innocent VII
* Gregory XII
* Martin V
* Eugene IV
* Nicholas V
* Callixtus III
* Pius II
* Paul II
* Sixtus IV
* Innocent VIII
* Alexander VI
* Pius III
* Julius II
* Leo X
* Adrian VI
* Clement VII
* Paul III
* Julius III
* Marcellus II
* Paul IV
* Pius IV
* Pius V
* Gregory XIII
* Sixtus V
* Urban VII
* Gregory XIV
* Innocent IX
* Clement VIII

17th–21st centuries|

* Leo XI
* Paul V
* Gregory XV
* Urban VIII
* Innocent X
* Alexander VII
* Clement IX
* Clement X
* Innocent XI
* Alexander VIII
* Innocent XII
* Clement XI
* Innocent XIII
* Benedict XIII
* Clement XII
* Benedict XIV
* Clement XIII
* Clement XIV
* Pius VI
* Pius VII
* Leo XII
* Pius VIII
* Gregory XVI
* Pius IX
* Leo XIII
* Pius X
* Benedict XV
* Pius XI
* Pius XII
* John XXIII
* Paul VI
* John Paul I
* John Paul II
* Benedict XVI
* Francis
* Leo XIV

History of the papacy|

| Antiquity and Early
Middle Ages|

* During the Roman Empire (until 493)
* Under Constantine (312–337)
* Ostrogothic Papacy (493–537)
* Byzantine Papacy (537–752)
* Frankish Papacy (756–857)
* Saeculum obscurum (904–964)
* Crescentii era (974–1012)

|

High and Late
Middle Ages|

* Tusculan Papacy (1012–1044 / 1048)
* Conflicts with the HRE (1048–1257)
* Wandering Papacy
* Viterbo, 1257–1281
* Orvieto, 1262–1297
* Perugia, 1228–1304
* Avignon Papacy (1309–1378)
* Western Schism (1378–1417)

Early Modern and
Modern Era|

* Renaissance Papacy (1417–1534)
* Reformation Papacy (1534–1585)
* Baroque Papacy (1585–1689)
* Age of Enlightenment (c. 1640–1740)
* Revolutionary Papacy (1775–1848)
* Roman question (1870–1929)
* Vatican City (1929–present)
* World War II (1939–1945)
* Cold War (1945–1991)

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

Papacy

Episcopate of the bishop of Rome

Jurisdiction|

| Holy See
(full communion)|

* Pope Leo XIV as bishop of the Diocese of Rome
* primacy
* history

| Vatican City
(index, outline)|

* Enclaved in Rome, Italy
* Lateran Treaty, 1929
* along with extraterritorial properties of the Holy See

|

Headquarters|

* Vatican City:
* Apostolic Palace
* papal apartments
* Sistine Chapel
* Italy:
* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (cathedra)

Major basilicas|

* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
* St. Peter's Basilica
* Basilica of Saint Mary Major
* Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

Titles
(Papal names)|

* His Holiness
* Bishop of Rome
* Vicar of Jesus Christ
* Successor of the Prince of the Apostles
* Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church
* Patriarch of the West
* Primate of Italy
* Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province
* Sovereign of the Vatican City State
* Servant of the servants of God

Symbols|

* Coats of arms
* Coat of arms of the Holy See
* Cross
* Keys of Heaven
* Regalia and insignia
* Rota
* Umbraculum

Proclamations|

* Infallibility
* Apostolic constitution
* Bull
* list
* Encyclical
* Apostolic exhortation
* Ecclesiastical letter
* Interdict

Activities|

* Arbitration
* deposition
* Blessing
* "pontifical"
* Urbi et Orbi
* Conclave
* list
* Coronation
* Consistory
* Diplomacy
* Inauguration
* Mass
* High Mass
* Travel

Vestments|

* Camauro
* Falda
* Fanon
* Ferula
* Flabellum
* Mantle
* Mitre
* Mozzetta
* Pallium
* Ring of the Fisherman
* Shoes
* slippers
* Subcinctorium
* Tiara
* list
* Zucchetto

Transportation|

* Popemobile
* Sedia gestatoria
* Shepherd One

Household|

* Camerlengo
* Commander of the Swiss Guard
* Chaplain
* Palatinus
* papal majordomo
* Gentlemen
* Preacher
* Prefect
* Prelate of Honour
* Prince assistant
* Theologian

Staff|

* College of Cardinals
* cardinals
* list
* Roman Curia
* Apostolic Camera
* commissions
* for Vatican City State
* councils
* congregations
* dicasteries
* Synods
* Cappella Giulia
* Sistine Chapel Choir

Related|

* Antipope
* Western Schism
* Canonised popes
* Fat pope, thin pope
* Gammarelli
* Legends
* Orders, decorations, and medals
* Papabile
* Papal nobility
* "Black"
* Pontifical academy
* Pontifical colleges in Rome
* Major Seminary
* Pontifical university
* in Rome
* Popes by country
* Sexually active popes
* St. Peter's Square
* Swiss Guard

* Vatican City portal
* Catholic Church portal

* v
* t
* e

Holy See

* Apostolic see of Pope Leo XIV as bishop of the Diocese of Rome
* Sovereignty of Vatican City
* Legal status of the Holy See

History|

* Apostolic see
* Primacy of Peter
* History of papal primacy
* Patrimony of Saint Peter
* Old St. Peter's Basilica
* Lateran Palace
* Museum
* Duchy of Rome
* Donation of Sutri
* Donation of Pepin
* Avignon Papacy
* Papal States
* Temporal power
* Investiture Controversy
* Age of Revolution
* "Prisoner in the Vatican"
* Savoyard era
* Vatican City
* Lateran Treaty
* World War II
* Warsaw Pact

Sovereign
judicial entity
under
international law
(Legal status)|

| Officials|

* Pope Leo XIV
* Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin
* Cardinals
* List
* Advisers

|

Governance|

* Secretariat of State
* College of Cardinals
* Conclave

Government|

* Roman Curia
* Apostolic Camera
* Commissions
* For Vatican City State
* Councils
* Congregations
* Dicasteries

Foreign affairs
(Multilateral policy)|

* Section for Relations with States
* To the Holy See
* Of the Holy See
* Heads
* Italy
* United Nations
* Permanent Observer
* in Geneva
* European Union
* Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe
* Apostolic nunciature
* Nuncio
* Treaties
* Concordats

Diocese
of Rome
with universal
full communion
(Papal primacy)|

| Synods|

* Ordinary general assemblies
* Extraordinary general assemblies
* Special assemblies

|

Ecclesiastical
province of Rome
(Vicariate: Rome,
Vatican City)|

| Suburbicarian sees|

* Ostia
* Velletri–Segni
* Porto–Santa Rufina
* Frascati
* Palestrina
* Albano
* Sabina–Poggio Mirteto

|

Territorial abbeys|

* Monte Cassino
* Subiaco

Suffragan dioceses|

* Gaeta
* Anagni-Alatri
* Civita Castellana
* Civitavecchia-Tarquinia
* Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino
* Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno
* Rieti
* Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo
* Tivoli
* Viterbo

Properties
including
extra-
territoriality|

| Inside
Rome|

Major basilicas|

* St. Peter's Basilica
* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
* Santa Maria Maggiore
* Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

|

* Lateran Palace
* Lateran University
* Scala Sancta
* Sancta Sanctorum
* Adjoining buildings
* Palace of Saint Callixtus
* Gianicolo Hill area
* Pontifical Urban University
* Pontifical North American College
* Bambino Gesù Hospital
* Palazzo della Cancelleria
* Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
* Palace of the Holy Office
* Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
* Palazzo Pio
* Palazzo Maffei Marescotti (Palace of the Vicariate}
* Pontifical Roman Minor Seminary
* Collegio Teutonico
* Teutonic Cemetery
* Benedictine monastery
* Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo
* Beda College
* Paul VI Audience Hall
* St. Peter's Square

Non-
extraterritorial|

* Palace of the Holy Apostles
* Palace of San Carlo ai Catinari
* Collegio Bellarmino
* Archaeological Institute
* Pontifical Oriental Institute
* Pontifical Lombard Seminary
* Russian College
* Two Palaces of Sant'Apollinare
* House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul
* Nympheum of Nero

|

Outside
Rome|

* Palace of Castel Gandolfo
* Papal farm
* Gardens of the Villa Cybo
* Villa Barberini
* Adjacent gardens
* Pontifical College Josephinum
* Summer estate of Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide
* Vatican Radio antennae area of Santa Maria di Galeria

| Non-
extraterritorial|

* Basilica della Santa Casa
* Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
* Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua

|

See also|

* Acta Apostolicae Sedis
* Awards
* Papal household
* Peter's Pence
* Roman Rota
* Apostolic Penitentiary
* Apostolic Signatura
* Swiss Guard
* Vatican.va

* Vatican City portal
* Catholic Church portal

* v
* t
* e

History of Catholic theology

Key figures

General|

* History of the Catholic Church
* Timeline
* History of the papacy
* Papal primacy
* Ecumenical councils
* Catholic Bible
* Vulgate
* Biblical canon
* History of Christian theology

Early Church|

* Paul
* Clement of Rome
* First Epistle of Clement
* Didache
* Ignatius of Antioch
* Polycarp
* Epistle of Barnabas
* The Shepherd of Hermas
* Aristides of Athens
* Justin Martyr
* Epistle to Diognetus
* Irenaeus
* Montanism
* Tertullian
* Origen
* Antipope Novatian
* Cyprian

Constantine to
Pope Gregory I

* Eusebius
* Athanasius of Alexandria
* Arianism
* Pelagianism
* Nestorianism
* Monophysitism
* Ephrem the Syrian
* Hilary of Poitiers
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* Basil of Caesarea
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Gregory of Nyssa
* Ambrose
* John Chrysostom
* Jerome
* Augustine of Hippo
* John Cassian
* Orosius
* Cyril of Alexandria
* Peter Chrysologus
* Pope Leo I
* Boethius
* Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
* Pope Gregory I

Early Middle Ages|

* Isidore of Seville
* John Climacus
* Maximus the Confessor
* Monothelitism
* Ecthesis
* Bede
* John of Damascus
* Iconoclasm
* Transubstantiation dispute
* Predestination disputes
* Paulinus II of Aquileia
* Alcuin
* Benedict of Aniane
* Rabanus Maurus
* Paschasius Radbertus
* John Scotus Eriugena

High Middle Ages|

* Roscellinus
* Gregory of Narek
* Berengar of Tours
* Peter Damian
* Anselm of Canterbury
* Joachim of Fiore
* Peter Abelard
* Decretum Gratiani
* Bernard of Clairvaux
* Peter Lombard
* Anselm of Laon
* Hildegard of Bingen
* Hugh of Saint Victor
* Dominic de Guzmán
* Robert Grosseteste
* Francis of Assisi
* Anthony of Padua
* Beatrice of Nazareth
* Bonaventure
* Albertus Magnus
* Boetius of Dacia
* Henry of Ghent
* Thomas Aquinas
* Siger of Brabant
* Thomism
* Roger Bacon

Mysticism and reforms|

* Ramon Llull
* Duns Scotus
* Dante Alighieri
* William of Ockham
* Richard Rolle
* John of Ruusbroec
* Catherine of Siena
* Bridget of Sweden
* Meister Eckhart
* Johannes Tauler
* Walter Hilton
* The Cloud of Unknowing
* Heinrich Seuse
* Geert Groote
* Devotio Moderna
* Julian of Norwich
* Thomas à Kempis
* Nicholas of Cusa
* Marsilio Ficino
* Girolamo Savonarola
* Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

Reformation
Counter-Reformation

* Erasmus
* Thomas Cajetan
* Thomas More
* John Fisher
* Johann Eck
* Francisco de Vitoria
* Thomas of Villanova
* Ignatius of Loyola
* Francisco de Osuna
* John of Ávila
* Francis Xavier
* Teresa of Ávila
* Luis de León
* John of the Cross
* Peter Canisius
* Luis de Molina (Molinism)
* Robert Bellarmine
* Francisco Suárez
* Lawrence of Brindisi
* Francis de Sales

Baroque period to
French Revolution

* Tommaso Campanella
* Pierre de Bérulle
* Pierre Gassendi
* René Descartes
* Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
* António Vieira
* Jean-Jacques Olier
* Louis Thomassin
* Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
* François Fénelon
* Cornelius Jansen (Jansenism)
* Blaise Pascal
* Nicolas Malebranche
* Giambattista Vico
* Alphonsus Liguori
* Louis de Montfort
* Maria Gaetana Agnesi
* Alfonso Muzzarelli
* Johann Michael Sailer
* Clement Mary Hofbauer
* Bruno Lanteri

19th century|

* Joseph Görres
* Félicité de La Mennais
* Luigi Taparelli
* Antonio Rosmini
* Ignaz von Döllinger
* John Henry Newman
* Henri Lacordaire
* Jaime Balmes
* Gaetano Sanseverino
* Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
* Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
* Giuseppe Pecci
* Joseph Hergenröther
* Tommaso Maria Zigliara
* Matthias Joseph Scheeben
* Émile Boutroux
* Modernism
* Neo-scholasticism
* Léon Bloy
* Désiré-Joseph Mercier
* Friedrich von Hügel
* Vladimir Solovyov
* Marie-Joseph Lagrange
* George Tyrrell
* Maurice Blondel
* Thérèse of Lisieux

20th century|

* G. K. Chesterton
* Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
* Joseph Maréchal
* Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
* Jacques Maritain
* Étienne Gilson
* Ronald Knox
* Georges Bernanos
* Dietrich von Hildebrand
* Gabriel Marcel
* Marie-Dominique Chenu
* Romano Guardini
* Edith Stein
* Fulton Sheen
* Henri de Lubac
* Dorothy Day
* Henri Daniel-Rops
* Jean Guitton
* Josemaría Escrivá
* Nouvelle théologie
* Karl Rahner
* Yves Congar
* Bernard Lonergan
* Emmanuel Mounier
* Jean Daniélou
* Hans Urs von Balthasar
* Marcel Lefebvre
* Frederick Copleston
* Alfred Delp
* Edward Schillebeeckx
* Thomas Merton
* René Girard
* Hans Küng
* Johann Baptist Metz
* Jean Vanier
* Henri Nouwen

21st century|

* Pope John Paul II
* Alice von Hildebrand
* Carlo Maria Martini
* Pope Benedict XVI
* Gustavo Gutiérrez
* Alasdair MacIntyre
* Walter Kasper
* Raniero Cantalamessa
* Michał Heller
* Peter Kreeft
* Jean-Luc Marion
* Tomáš Halík
* Aidan Nichols
* Scott Hahn

* Catholicism portal

* v
* t
* e

History of the Catholic Church

General|

* History of the Catholic Church
* By country or region
* Ecclesiastical history
* Timeline
* Papacy
* Papal primacy
* Catholic ecumenical councils
* First seven
* Catholic Bible
* Biblical canon
* Vulgate
* Crusading movement
* History of the Roman Curia
* Religious institutes
* Christian monasticism
* Catholic culture
* Art
* Role in civilization
* Vatican City
* Papal States
* Latin Church
* Eastern Catholic Churches

Early Church
(30–325/476)|

| Origins and
Apostolic Age (30–100)|

* Jesus
* Ministry
* Crucifixion
* Resurrection
* Great Commission
* Holy Spirit
* Mary
* John the Baptist
* Apostles in the New Testament
* Commissioning
* Peter
* John
* Paul
* Stephen
* Council of Jerusalem
* Split with Judaism
* New Testament
* Background
* Gospels
* Acts
* Pauline epistles
* General epistles
* Revelation

|

Ante-Nicene period (100–325)|

* Persecution
* Church Fathers
* Apostolic Fathers
* Pope Clement I
* Polycarp
* Ignatius
* Irenaeus
* Justin Martyr
* Canon
* Tertullian
* Origen

Late antiquity
(313–476)|

| Great Church
(180–451)
Roman
state church
(380–451)|

* Constantine the Great
* Christianity
* Arian controversy
* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
* Old St. Peter's Basilica
* First Council of Nicaea
* Pope Sylvester I
* First Council of Constantinople
* Biblical canon
* Jerome
* Vulgate
* Council of Ephesus
* Council of Chalcedon

|

Early Middle Ages|

* Benedict of Nursia
* Monasticism
* Second Council of Constantinople
* Pope Gregory I
* Gregorian chant
* Third Council of Constantinople
* Saint Boniface
* Byzantine Iconoclasm
* Second Council of Nicaea
* Charlemagne
* Pope Leo III
* Fourth Council of Constantinople
* East–West Schism

High Middle Ages|

* Pope Urban II
* Investiture Controversy
* Clash against the empire
* Crusades
* Universities
* Scholasticism
* First Council of the Lateran
* Second Council of the Lateran
* Third Council of the Lateran
* Pope Innocent III
* Latin Empire
* Francis of Assisi
* Fourth Council of the Lateran
* Inquisition
* First Council of Lyon
* Second Council of Lyon
* Bernard of Clairvaux

Late Middle Ages|

* Thomas Aquinas
* Pope Boniface VIII
* Western Schism
* Avignon Papacy
* Pope Clement V
* Council of Vienne
* Knights Templar
* Catherine of Siena
* Pope Alexander VI
* Age of Discovery

Protestant Reformation
Counter-Reformation

* Protestant Reformation
* Catholic Counter-Reformation
* Exsurge Domine
* Dissolution of the monasteries
* Council of Trent
* Thomas More
* Pope Leo X
* Society of Jesus
* Ignatius of Loyola
* Francis Xavier
* Pope Pius V
* Tridentine Mass
* Teresa of Ávila
* John of the Cross
* Peter Canisius
* Philip Neri
* Robert Bellarmine
* European wars of religion
* Thirty Years' War

Baroque period to the
French Revolution

* Pope Innocent XI
* Pope Benedict XIV
* Suppression of the Society of Jesus
* Age of Enlightenment
* Anti-clericalism
* Pope Pius VI
* Shimabara Rebellion
* Edict of Nantes
* Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

19th century|

* Pope Pius VII
* Pope Pius IX
* United States
* Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
* Our Lady of La Salette
* Our Lady of Lourdes
* First Vatican Council
* Papal infallibility
* Pope Leo XIII
* Mary of the Divine Heart
* Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
* Rerum novarum

20th century|

* Pope Pius X
* Our Lady of Fátima
* Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
* Pope Pius XII
* Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
* Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
* Lateran Treaty
* Nazi Germany
* Mit brennender Sorge
* Pope John XXIII
* Pacem in terris
* Second Vatican Council
* Ecumenism
* Judaism
* Pope Paul VI (coronation)
* Pope John Paul I
* Mother Teresa
* USSR
* Pope John Paul II
* HIV/AIDS
* World Youth Day
* 1995

21st century|

* Sexual abuse scandal
* Islam
* World Youth Day
* 2000
* 2002
* 2005
* 2008
* 2011
* 2013
* 2016
* 2019
* 2023
* Pope Benedict XVI
* Pope Francis
* Laudato si'
* Patriarch Kirill
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Pope Leo XIV

* Vatican City portal
* Catholicism portal

* v
* t
* e

Catholic Church

* Index
* Outline
* Glossary
* Lists of Catholics

History
Timeline
Ecclesiastical
Legal|

| Early Church|

* Jesus Christ
* Ministry
* Crucifixion
* Resurrection
* Great Commission
* Apostles
* Succession
* Petrine primacy
* Church Fathers
* Apostolic Fathers
* History of the papacy
* Primacy

|

Great Church|

* Ante-Nicene period
* Constantine
* First seven ecumenical councils
* Nicaea I
* Chalcedon
* Late antiquity
* Biblical canon
* Monasticism

Middle Ages|

* Islamic conquests
* Pope Gregory I
* Papal States
* Schism (1054)
* Investiture Controversy
* Crusades
* Schism (1378)
* Inquisition
* Universities
* Scholasticism
* Age of Discovery

Modern era|

* Protestantism
* Protestant Reformation
* Catholic Reformation
* Trent
* Thirty Years' War
* Enlightenment
* French Revolution
* Nazism
* Vatican II
* Communism
* Sexual abuse scandal
* Islam
* COVID-19 pandemic

Theology
Bible
Tradition
Catechism|

| General|

* God
* Trinity
* Kingdom
* Body
* Divine grace
* Dogma
* Nicene Creed
* Original sin
* Saints
* Salvation
* Sermon on the Mount
* Ten Commandments
* Vulgate
* Official Bible
* Sixtine Vulgate
* Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
* Nova Vulgata
* Worship

|

Ecclesiology|

* Communitas perfecta
* Councils
* Ecumenism
* Four marks
* One true church
* Catholic
* Infallibility
* Mystici Corporis Christi
* People of God
* Three states
* Subsistit in
* In canon law

Sacraments|

* Baptism
* Confirmation
* Eucharist
* Penance
* Anointing of the Sick
* Last rites
* Holy orders
* Matrimony

Mariology|

* Assumption
* History
* Immaculate Conception
* Mariology of the popes
* Mariology of the saints
* Mother of God
* Perpetual virginity
* Veneration
* See also:
* Josephology

Philosophy|

* Natural law
* Moral theology
* Personalism
* Social teaching
* Philosophers
* Philosophy of canon law
* See also:
* Science
* Evolution
* Separation of church and state
* Relations
* Politics

Saints|

* Holy Family
* Mary
* Joseph
* Patriarchs
* Prophets
* Archangels
* Martyrs
* Doctors of the Church
* Evangelists
* Confessors
* Disciples
* Virgins

Organisation
Hierarchy
Canon law
Laity
Precedence
By country|

| Holy See
(List of popes)|

* Pope Leo XIV
* Ecumenical councils
* College of Cardinals
* List
* Advisers
* Roman Curia
* Dicasteries
* Synod of Bishops
* Properties

|

Vatican City|

* Index
* Outline
* Apostolic Palace
* Lateran Treaty
* Roman Rota
* St. Peter's Basilica
* Swiss Guard
* Vatican Museums

Polity (Holy orders)|

* Diocese
* Episcopal conference
* Eparchy
* Bishop
* Patriarch
* Major
* Primate
* Metropolitan
* Archbishop
* Diocesan
* Coadjutor
* Auxiliary
* Titular
* Emeritus
* Parish
* Priest
* Deacon

Consecrated life|

* Religious:
* Superior
* Abbot, Abbess
* General
* Provincial
* Prior, Prioress
* Grand master
* Brother
* Friar
* Monk
* Sister
* Nun
* Hermit
* Novice
* Master
* Oblate
* Postulant

Particular churches
sui iuris|

* Latin Church
* Eastern Catholic Churches
* Albanian
* Armenian
* Belarusian
* Bulgarian
* Chaldean
* Coptic
* Croatian and Serbian
* Eritrean
* Ethiopian
* Georgian
* Greek
* Hungarian
* Italo-Albanian
* Macedonian
* Maronite
* Melkite
* Romanian
* Russian
* Ruthenian
* Slovak
* Syriac
* Syro-Malabar
* Syro-Malankara
* Ukrainian

Catholic liturgy|

* Eastern Catholic liturgy
* Alexandrian
* Antiochian
* Armenian
* Byzantine
* East Syriac
* West Syriac
* Malankara
* Latin
* Ambrosian
* Braga
* Mozarabic
* Roman
* Paul VI
* Tridentine
* Anglican
* Zaire

Culture|

* Art
* Marian
* Artists
* Writers
* Church buildings
* Altarpieces
* Folk
* Library
* Museums
* Music
* Distinctions
* Role in civilisation
* See also:
* Criticism of the Catholic Church
* Anti-Catholicism

Media|

* Holy See Press Office
* Vatican Media
* Vatican News
* Vatican Television Center
* Vatican Radio
* Vatican Press [it]
* L'Osservatore Romano
* Acta Apostolicae Sedis
* Annuario Pontificio

Religious orders,
institutes, societies|

* Assumptionists
* Annonciades
* Augustinians
* Basilians
* Benedictines
* Bethlehemites
* Blue nuns
* Camaldoleses
* Camillians
* Carmelites
* Carthusians
* Cistercians
* Clarisses
* Conceptionists
* Crosiers
* Dominicans
* Franciscans
* Good Shepherd Sisters
* Hieronymites
* Jesuits
* Legionaries
* Mercedarians
* Minims
* Olivetans
* Oratorians
* Piarists
* Premonstratensians
* Redemptoristines
* Servites
* Theatines
* Trappists
* Trinitarians
* Visitandines

Associations
of the faithful|

* Confraternities
* Lay
* Marian
* Youth
* Workers
* Third orders
* Saint Dominic
* Lay Carmelites
* Discalced
* Saint Francis
* Secular
* Military orders
* Fimcap
* Catholic Action
* Charismatic Renewal
* Communion and Liberation
* Sant'Egidio
* Focolare
* International Alliance of Catholic Knights
* Scouting
* Legion of Mary
* Neocatechumenal Way
* Opus Dei
* Schoenstatt

Charities|

* Aid to the Church in Need
* Caritas
* Catholic Charities USA
* Home Missions
* Relief Services
* CIDSE
* Pax Christi
* Society of Saint Vincent de Paul

* See also:
* Health care
* Schools
* Universities

* Catholic Church portal
* Category

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