List of presidents of Indonesia

Merdeka Palace, the official residence of the president of Indonesia

The president of Indonesia is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and is the supreme commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Since 2004, the President and Vice-President are directly elected to a five-year term. The presidency was established during the formulation of the 1945 constitution by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), a body established by the occupying Japanese 16th Army on 1 March 1945 to work on "preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java."[1] On 18 August 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI), which was created on 7 August to replace the BPUPK, selected Sukarno as the country's first president.

## Presidents

[edit]

Independent

Military

Golkar

National Awakening Party (PKB)

Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P)

United Development Party (PPP)

Democratic Party (Demokrat)

Gerindra Party

Note: — denotes acting president

No. | Portrait  | Name

(Lifespan)

| Term of office  | Party  | Vice president

|
|
|
|
|

Took office  | Left office  | Election  | Time in office
1  |  | Sukarno
(1901–1970) | 18 August 1945  | 18 May 1963  | 1945 | 21 years, 206 days  | Independent | 1  | Mohammad Hatta
Vacant (1 December 1956 – 12 March 1967)
18 May 1963  | 12 March 1967  | 1963
Declared Indonesia's independence from colonial powers. Presided during the Indonesian National Revolution and the first national elections. One of the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement and hosted the 1955 Bandung Conference. Called for 'Guided Democracy' following the collapse of 10 governments during the 1950s, with Nasakom as its principal ideology. Acceded Western New Guinea. Opposed the formation of Malaysia and initiated Konfrontasi. Signed Supersemar in 1966 following the assassination of 6 generals.
—  |  | Suharto
(1921–2008) | 12 March 1967 | 27 March 1968  | —  | 1 year, 15 days  | Military | Vacant
Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as Supersemar and surrendered his powers on 20 February 1967, but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the MPRS until 12 March 1967. On 12 March 1967, the MPRS agreed to withdraw its mandate from Sukarno and remove him as president. Suharto replaced Sukarno as acting president until 27 March 1968, when he was formally elected as the second president of Indonesia.
2  | 27 March 1968 | 23 March 1973  | 1968 | 30 years, 55 days  | Golkar
(supported by the military) | Vacant
23 March 1973  | 23 March 1978  | 1973 | 2  | Hamengkubuwono IX
23 March 1978  | 11 March 1983  | 1978 | 3  | Adam Malik
11 March 1983  | 11 March 1988  | 1983 | 4  | Umar Wirahadikusumah
11 March 1988  | 11 March 1993  | 1988 | 5  | Sudharmono
11 March 1993  | 11 March 1998  | 1993 | 6  | Try Sutrisno
11 March 1998  | 21 May 1998  | 1998 | 7  | B. J. Habibie
First president from a military background. The longest-serving president with an over-30-year tenure. Seized power from Sukarno through Supersemar in 1966. Declared a New Order military dictatorship. Dismantled the Communist Party of Indonesia and oversaw the mass murder and imprisonment of thousands of suspected communists throughout the archipelago. Ended Konfrontasi and initiated friendly relationships with neighbouring countries of Malaysia and Singapore, and Indonesia became a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Severed ties with China and other communist countries in the region. Incorporated Western New Guinea into Indonesia. Annexed East Timor. Oversaw great economic and infrastructural development but rampant corruption within the bureaucracy and government. Resigned following the collapse of the Indonesian economy during the 1997 financial crisis and the 1998 riots.
3  |  | B. J. Habibie
(1936–2019) | 21 May 1998 | 20 October 1999 | —  | 1 year, 152 days  | Golkar | Vacant
First, and to date the only, president (aside from acting presidents) who was born outside of Java. First vice president to become president. Took power following Suharto's resignation. Oversaw Indonesia's democratic transition. East Timor declared independence from Indonesia. Released thousands of political prisoners. Decided not to run for a full term.
4  |  | Abdurrahman Wahid
(1940–2009) | 20 October 1999 | 23 July 2001  | 1999 | 1 year, 276 days  | PKB | Vacant (20–21 October 1999)
8  | Megawati Sukarnoputri
First executive branch officer (president and vice president) to have come from a religious background. Head of Nahdlatul Ulama and grandson of its founder. Term embroiled by a number of scandals and corruption cases. Abolished all remaining legal discrimination against Chinese Indonesians. Attempts to reform the military and remove its political power were not taken kindly by military actors. Attempted to dissolve parliament, but was himself impeached and removed from office by parliament.
5  |  | Megawati Sukarnoputri
(born 1947) | 23 July 2001 | 20 October 2004  | —  | 3 years, 89 days  | PDI-P | Vacant (23–26 July 2001)
9  | Hamzah Haz
First female president of Indonesia and the first to be born after the proclamation of independence in 1945. Oldest daughter and second child of President Sukarno, first president born to another president. First female vice president and the first vice president to be born after 1945. Came to power following the removal of Abdurrahman Wahid. Presided during a period of economic growth. Bali was attacked by a major bombing in 2002 by Jemaah Islamiyah. Lost reelection bid to her former coordinating minister and in a later rematch.
6  |  | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
(born 1949) | 20 October 2004 | 20 October 2009  | 2004 | 10 years  | Demokrat | 10  | Jusuf Kalla
20 October 2009 | 20 October 2014  | 2009 | 11  | Boediono
The first president to be directly elected by popular vote. Second president from a military background. Parts of Sumatra were devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Jemaah Islamiyah was severely weakened following efforts by Detachment 88. Indonesia was classified as part of MINT and became a member of the G20 during his presidency. Elected to a second term in 2009. Indonesia formed the Bali Democracy Forum and became a founding member of the Open Government Partnership. He presided over consistent economic growth. During his second term, the Democratic Party was embroiled by many corruption scandals.
7  |  | Joko Widodo
(born 1961) | 20 October 2014 | 20 October 2019  | 2014 | 10 years  | PDI-P | 12
(10) | Jusuf Kalla
20 October 2019 | 20 October 2024  | 2019 | 13  | Ma'ruf Amin
The first president not to have emerged from the country's political elite or to have been an army general.[2] First president to have been a regional politician (mayor for about seven years, governor for nearly two years) and the first to be born after the recognition of independence in December 1949. Elected to a second term in 2019. Initiated the process to move the capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to Nusantara.
8  |  | Prabowo Subianto
(born 1951) | 20 October 2024 | Incumbent  | 2024 | 285 days  | Gerindra | 14  | Gibran Rakabuming Raka
Retired general and former commander of the Special Forces Command (Kopassus) and Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad). Lost twice against his predecessor in 2014 and 2019 but was appointed as minister of defense in 2019. His 96.2 million votes are the highest received by any candidate in a democratic election in Indonesia, surpassing Joko Widodo's 85.6 million votes in 2019. First president to have a younger predecessor. The oldest president to be sworn in for the first term (aged 73). Third president from a military background.

## By age

[edit]

# | President  | Born  | Age at
start of presidency | Age at
end of presidency | Post-presidency
timespan  | Lifespan

|
|
|
|
|
|

Died | Age
01  | Sukarno | 6 June 1901 | 44 years, 73 days
18 August 1945 | 65 years, 279 days
12 March 1967[a] | 3 years, 101 days  | 21 June 1970 | 69 years, 15 days
02  | Suharto | 8 June 1921 | 45 years, 277 days
12 March 1967 | 76 years, 347 days
21 May 1998[b] | 9 years, 251 days  | 27 January 2008 | 86 years, 233 days
03  | B. J. Habibie | 25 June 1936 | 61 years, 330 days
21 May 1998 | 63 years, 117 days
20 October 1999 | 19 years, 326 days  | 11 September 2019 | 83 years, 78 days
04  | Abdurrahman Wahid | 7 September 1940 | 59 years, 43 days
20 October 1999 | 60 years, 319 days
23 July 2001[a] | 8 years, 160 days  | 30 December 2009 | 69 years, 114 days
05  | Megawati Sukarnoputri | 23 January 1947 | 54 years, 181 days
23 July 2001 | 57 years, 271 days
20 October 2004 | 20 years, 285 days  | 2025-08-1(living) | 78 years, 190 days
06  | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | 9 September 1949 | 55 years, 41 days
20 October 2004 | 65 years, 41 days
20 October 2014 | 10 years, 285 days  | 2025-08-1(living) | 75 years, 326 days
07  | Joko Widodo | 21 June 1961 | 53 years, 121 days
20 October 2014 | 63 years, 121 days
20 October 2024 | 285 days  | 2025-08-1(living) | 64 years, 41 days
08  | Prabowo Subianto | 17 October 1951 | 73 years, 3 days
20 October 2024 | (incumbent) | (incumbent) | 2025-08-1(living) | 73 years, 288 days

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Removed from office
2. ^ Resigned from office

## By time in office

[edit]

Rank | President | Length
in days | Order of presidency | Number of terms

|
|
|
|

1 | Suharto | 11,393[a] | 2nd • 12 March 1967 – 21 May 1998[b] | Six full terms; resigned 2 months and 11 days into seventh term
2 | Sukarno | 7,876[c] | 1st • 18 August 1945 – 12 March 1967[d][3] | De jure: Four full terms; removed 1 year, 6 months, and 22 days into fifth term
De facto: Never faced reelection, declared president for life by the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) on 18 May 1963
3 | Joko Widodo | 3,653[e] | 7th • 20 October 2014 – 20 October 2024 | Two full terms
4 | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | 3,652  | 6th • 20 October 2004 – 20 October 2014 | Two full terms
5 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | 1,185  | 5th • 23 July 2001[f] – 20 October 2004 | One partial term (3 years, 2 months, and 27 days)[g]
6 | Abdurrahman Wahid | 642  | 4th • 20 October 1999 – 23 July 2001[d] | One partial term (1 year, 9 months, and 3 days)
7 | B. J. Habibie | 517  | 3rd • 21 May 1998[f] – 20 October 1999 | One partial term (1 year, 4 months, and 29 days)[h]
8 | Prabowo Subianto | 285[i] | 8th • 20 October 2024 – Incumbent | Currently serving first term
Acting | Assaat | 231  | 27 December 1949[j] – 15 August 1950 | State-level president[k] for 7 months and 19 days
Acting | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara | 203  | 22 December 1948[j] – 13 July 1949 | Acting president[l] for 6 months and 21 days

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Suharto was acting president until 27 March 1968 (381 days), when he was made full president
2. ^ Resigned from office
3. ^ Sukarno was detained by Dutch troops on 19 December 1948 during the Operation Kraai. During this time, the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia, led by Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, acted as the country's government-in-exile until 13 July 1949. As a result, Sukarno's term in office actually had 206 days less. This figure includes his term as the president of the United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949 – 15 August 1950; 231 days), which was coterminous with Assaat being president of the constituent Republic of Indonesia.
4. ^ a b Removed from office
5. ^ His terms had a total of three leap days instead of two.
6. ^ a b Succeeded to presidency
7. ^ Sought election to a full term in 2004, but was defeated.
8. ^ Originally assigned to office until 10 March 2003, but due to the accelerated election, he was required to face reelection, in which he did not contest after his accountability speech was rejected by the MPR.
9. ^ As of 1 August 2025
10. ^ a b Acting president
11. ^ President of the State of the Republic of Indonesia after Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, while Sukarno became president of United States of Indonesia.
12. ^ President of emergency government during Indonesian National Revolution, after both Sukarno and Hatta were captured by the Dutch authorities after the second police action.

## See also

[edit]

* Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
* List of governors of the Dutch East Indies
* President of Indonesia
* Vice President of Indonesia
* List of vice presidents of Indonesia
* Prime Minister of Indonesia
* First ladies and gentlemen of Indonesia
* Second ladies and gentlemen of Indonesia
* List of acting presidents of Indonesia

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Kusuma, A.B.; Elson, R.E. (2011), "A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia" (PDF), Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 167 (2–3): 196–209, doi:10.1163/22134379-90003589, ISSN 0006-22942–3&rft.pages=196-209&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1163/22134379-90003589&rft.issn=0006-2294&rft.aulast=Kusuma&rft.aufirst=A.B.&rft.au=Elson,+R.E.&rft_id=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273574/UQ273574_OA.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+presidents+of+Indonesia" class="Z3988">
2. ^ Cochrane, Joe (22 July 2014). "A Child of the Slum Rises as President of Indonesia". The New York Times.
3. ^ Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as Supersemar and surrendered his powers on 20 February 1967, but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the provisional parliament until 12 March 1967.

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