List of presidents of Vietnam

For a list of presidents of South Vietnam, see Leaders of South Vietnam.

Politics of Vietnam

Ideology

* Concepts

Collective leadership
Marxism–Leninism
Ho Chi Minh Thought
* Organizations

Central Propaganda Department
Central Theoretical Council
Nhân Dân

Constitution

* History

* 1946
* 1959
* 1980
* 1992
* 2013

Communist Party

* National Congress (13th)
* Central Committee (13th)
* General Secretary
* Nguyễn Phú Trọng
* Politburo (13th)
* Secretariat (13th)
* Permanent Member
* Lương Cường
* Military Commission (2020–25)
* Secretary
* Nguyễn Phú Trọng
* Deputy Secretary
* Phan Văn Giang
* Inspection Commission (13th)
* Chairman
* Trần Cẩm Tú

Legislative

* National Assembly (14th)
* Standing Committee
* Chairman
* Trần Thanh Mẫn

* * *

* Provincial People's Councils

Presidency

* President (list)
* Tô Lâm
* Vice President
* Võ Thị Ánh Xuân

Executive

* Prime Minister (list):
* Phạm Minh Chính
* Deputy Prime Ministers:
* Trần Lưu Quang
* Trần Hồng Hà
* Lê Minh Khái
* Ministries
* Governor of the State Bank
* Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs

Fatherland Front

* Central Committee

Chairman: Đỗ Văn Chiến
Gen. Secretary: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà
* Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union

Central Committee
First Secretary

Bùi Quang Huy
* Vietnam General Confederation of Labour
* Viet Nam Farmer's Union
* Vietnam Women’s Union

Military

* Central Military Commission

Secretary: Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Deputy Secretary: Phan Văn Giang
* Commander-in-Chief

President: Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (acting)
* Army
* Ground Force
* Navy
* Air Defense-Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Border Guard
* Public Security
* Security forces
* Police forces
* Civil Defence Force
* Council for National Defense and Security

Chairman: President Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (acting)
Vice-chairman: Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính

* Judiciary
* Law

* National Assembly
* Justice Committee
* President
* Steering Committee of the Central Judicial Reform

Director: Nguyễn Phú Trọng
* Supreme People's Court

Chief Justice: Nguyễn Hòa Bình
* Supreme People's Procuracy

Procurator-General: Lê Minh Trí

Foreign relations

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Minister: Bùi Thanh Sơn

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in Vietnam

* * *

* Passport
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy

* * *

* Foreign aid
* Vietnam and the World Bank

See also

* Elections
* Administrative divisions
* Human rights

Vietnam portal

Politics portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

This is a list of those who have served as president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) from the establishment of the position to the present. Since Vietnam is a single-party state, the president is generally considered to hold the second highest position in the political system, after the general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam. In its current incarnation the president is the head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, as well as the head of government in tandem with prime minister. The president represents Vietnam internally and externally, supervises the work as well as preserving the stability of the national governmental system and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country. The president appoints prime minister, vice-presidents, ministers and other officials with the consent of the National Assembly. The head of state is the de jure commander-in-chief of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and Chairman of the Council for Defence and Security, an organ of the National Assembly. Since Vietnam is a one-party state, with the Communist Party of Vietnam being the sole party allowed by the constitution, all the presidents of the Democratic Republic and its successor Socialist Republic have been members of the party while holding office. The current interim President is Võ Thị Ánh Xuân since the resignation of Võ Văn Thưởng on 21 March 2024.

The modern office of the president of the Socialist Republic traces its lineage back to Hồ Chí Minh, the first President of the North Vietnam, and the office has no connection, or lineage, officially at least, to the head of state of the former Communist South Vietnam (Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, a communist and the head of state of South Vietnam). Officially there have been 11 presidents, although the count is 12 presidents should the one declared president of South Vietnam be counted.

Hồ Chí Minh, the first President, became President in 1945 after Vietnam's independence. Võ Văn Thưởng is the shortest serving President with 1 year 19 days from 2023 to 2024 if not counting interim people. Hồ Chí Minh had the longest time as President with 24 years from 1945 to his death in 1969. He was also the President who served the most terms with 4 terms (1945, 1946, 1960, 1964). Meanwhile, Tôn Đức Thắng was also the President in office for 4 terms (1969, 1971, 1975, 1976). The Constitution stipulates that the term of office of the President follows the term of the National Assembly (usually 5 years) and there is no limit to the number of re-elections. However, most Presidents serve for one term. The President with the longest interim term is Nguyễn Hữu Thọ with 1 year and 96 days, longer than the official President Võ Văn Thưởng with only 1 year 19 days.

## Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam, 1945–1976)[edit]

Status

Denotes Acting President

No. | Portrait  | Name
(Birth–Death) | Term of Office  | Political Party

|
|
|
|

Took office  | Left office  | Time in office

President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945-1975)

1  |  | Hồ Chí Minh
(1890–1969) | 2 September 1945  | 2 September 1969†  | 24 years  | Indochinese Communist Party
(until February 1951)
Worker's Party of Vietnam
(from February 1951)
—  |  | Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
(1876–1947) | 29 May 1946  | 21 October 1946  | 145 days  | Independent
—  |  | Tôn Đức Thắng
(1888–1980) | 2 September 1969  | 23 September 1969  | 21 days  | Worker's Party of Vietnam
2  | 23 September 1969  | 2 July 1976  | 6 years, 283 days

## Republic of South Vietnam (1969–1976)[edit]

No. | Portrait  | Name
(Birth–Death) | Term of Office  | Political Party

|
|
|
|

Took office  | Left office  | Time in office
Chairman of the Consultative Council of the
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
—  |  | Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
(1910–1996) | 8 June 1969  | 2 July 1976  | 7 years, 24 days  | People's Revolutionary Party of Vietnam
(National Liberation Front)
(influenced by Worker's Party of Vietnam)

## Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)[edit]

Status

Denotes Acting President

No. | Portrait  | Name
(Birth–Death) | Term of Office  | Election  | Political Party

|
|
|
|
|

Took office  | Left office  | Time in office
President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
(2)  |  | Tôn Đức Thắng
(1888–1980) | 2 July 1976  | 30 March 1980
(Died in office) | 3 years, 272 days  | 1976 | Worker's Party of Vietnam
(until December 1976)
Communist Party of Vietnam
(from December 1976)
—  |  | Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
(1910–1996) | 30 March 1980  | 4 July 1981  | 1 year, 96 days  | —  | Communist Party of Vietnam
Chairman of the Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
3  |  | Trường Chinh
(1907–1988) | 4 July 1981  | 18 June 1987  | 5 years, 349 days  | —  | Communist Party of Vietnam
4  |  | Võ Chí Công
(1912–2011) | 18 June 1987  | 22 September 1992  | 5 years, 96 days  | —  | Communist Party of Vietnam
President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
5  |  | Army general
Lê Đức Anh
(1920–2019) | 23 September 1992  | 24 September 1997  | 5 years, 1 day  | 1992 | Communist Party of Vietnam
6  |  | Trần Đức Lương
(1937–) | 24 September 1997  | 27 June 2006
(Resigned from office) | 8 years, 276 days  | 1997 | Communist Party of Vietnam
7  |  | Nguyễn Minh Triết
(1942–) | 27 June 2006  | 25 July 2011  | 5 years, 28 days  | 2006 | Communist Party of Vietnam
8  |  | Trương Tấn Sang
(1949–) | 25 July 2011  | 2 April 2016  | 4 years, 252 days  | 2011 | Communist Party of Vietnam
9  |  | Police general
Trần Đại Quang
(1956–2018) | 2 April 2016  | 21 September 2018
(Died in office) | 2 years, 172 days  | 2016 | Communist Party of Vietnam
—  |  | Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh
(1959–) | 21 September 2018  | 23 October 2018  | 32 days  | —  | Communist Party of Vietnam
10  |  | Nguyễn Phú Trọng
(1944–) | 23 October 2018  | 5 April 2021  | 2 years, 164 days  | 2018 | Communist Party of Vietnam
11  |  | Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
(1954–) | 5 April 2021  | 18 January 2023
(Resigned from office) | 1 year, 288 days  | 2021 | Communist Party of Vietnam
—  |  | Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
(1970–) | 18 January 2023  | 2 March 2023  | 43 days  | —  | Communist Party of Vietnam
12  |  | Võ Văn Thưởng
(1970–) | 2 March 2023  | 21 March 2024
(Resigned from office) | 1 year, 19 days  | 2023 | Communist Party of Vietnam
—  |  | Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
(1970–) | 21 March 2024  | 20 May 2024  | 60 days  | —  | Communist Party of Vietnam
13  |  | Tô Lâm
(1957–) | 20 May 2024  | Incumbent | 0 days  | 2024  | Communist Party of Vietnam

## Timeline[edit]

## List of presidents by length of tenure[edit]

Rank  | No.  | Name  | Party  | Length of term

|
|
|
|

1  | 1  | Hồ Chí Minh | ICP/WPV | 24 years
2  | 2  | Tôn Đức Thắng | WPV/CPV | 10 years, 210 days
3  | 6  | Trần Đức Lương | CPV | 8 years, 276 days
4  | 3  | Trường Chinh | CPV | 5 years, 349 days
5  | 4  | Võ Chí Công | CPV | 5 years, 97 days
6  | 7  | Nguyễn Minh Triết | CPV | 5 years, 28 days
7  | 5  | Lê Đức Anh | CPV | 5 years
8  | 8  | Trương Tấn Sang | CPV | 4 years, 252 days
9  | 9  | Trần Đại Quang | CPV | 2 years, 172 days
10  | 10  | Nguyễn Phú Trọng | CPV | 2 years, 164 days
11  | 11  | Nguyễn Xuân Phúc | CPV | 1 year, 288 days
12  | —  | Nguyễn Hữu Thọ | CPV | 1 year, 96 days
13  | 12  | Võ Văn Thưởng | CPV | 1 year, 18 days
14  | —  | Huỳnh Thúc Kháng | None | 145 days
15  | —  | Võ Thị Ánh Xuân | CPV | 43 days
60 days
16  | —  | Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh | CPV | 32 days

## See also[edit]

* List of prime ministers of Vietnam
* List of heads of state of Vietnam
* List of spouses of Vietnamese presidents
* Leaders of South Vietnam

## Notes[edit]

1.^ These numbers are official. The "—" denotes acting head of state. The first column shows how many presidents there have been in Vietnamese history, while the second show how many presidents there was in that state.

## References[edit]

## Bibliography[edit]

* Koh, David (July–August 2008). "Leadership Changes at the 10th Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party". Asian Survey. 48 (4): 650–672. doi:10.1525/as.2008.48.4.650. JSTOR 3738744.
* Van, Canh Nguyen; Cooper, Earle (1983). Vietnam under Communism, 1975–1982. Hoover Press. ISBN 9780817978518.

* v
* t
* e

Years in Vietnam

20th century|

* 1901
* 1902
* 1903
* 1904
* 1905
* 1906
* 1907
* 1908
* 1909
* 1910
* 1911
* 1912
* 1913
* 1914
* 1915
* 1916
* 1917
* 1918
* 1919
* 1920
* 1921
* 1922
* 1923
* 1924
* 1925
* 1926
* 1927
* 1928
* 1929
* 1930
* 1931
* 1932
* 1933
* 1934
* 1935
* 1936
* 1937
* 1938
* 1939
* 1940
* 1941
* 1942
* 1943
* 1944
* 1945
* 1946
* 1947
* 1948
* 1949
* 1950
* 1951
* 1952
* 1953
* 1954
* 1955
* 1956
* 1957
* 1958
* 1959
* 1960
* 1961
* 1962
* 1963
* 1964
* 1965
* 1966
* 1967
* 1968
* 1969
* 1970
* 1971
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1975
* 1976
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979
* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989
* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999
* 2000

21st century|

* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024

* v
* t
* e

Leaders of Southeast Asian countries

Heads of state|

* Brunei (Monarch)
* Cambodia (Monarch)
* East Timor (President)
* Indonesia (President) (list)
* Laos (President)
* Malaysia (Monarch)
* Myanmar (President) (list)
* Philippines (President) (list)
* Singapore (President)
* Thailand (Monarch) (list)
* Vietnam (President) (list)

Heads of government|

* Brunei
* Cambodia (list)
* East Timor
* Indonesia (list)
* Laos
* Malaysia
* Myanmar (list)
* Philippines (list)
* Singapore
* Thailand (list)
* Vietnam (list)

Supreme leaders|

* Laos
* Myanmar
* Vietnam

Defunct heads of state
and government|

* Burma (Monarch)
* Dutch East Indies (Governor-General)
* Indonesia (Prime Minister)
* Laos (Monarch)
* Myanmar (State Counsellor)
* Philippines (Governor-General) (Prime Minister)
* South Vietnam (leaders)

ASEAN

* v
* t
* e

Heads of state of Vietnam since 1945

Empire of Vietnam (1945)|

Empire of Vietnam

* Bảo Đại

Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1976)|

* North VietnamHo Chi Minh
* Huỳnh Thúc Kháng1
* Tôn Đức Thắng

State of Vietnam (1949–1955)|

South Vietnam

* Bảo Đại
* Ngô Đình Diệm1

Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975)|

South Vietnam
* Ngô Đình Diệm
* Dương Văn Minh2
* Nguyễn Khánh2
* Provisional Leadership Committee3
* Dương Văn Minh2
* Phan Khắc Sửu2
* Nguyễn Văn Thiệu2
* Trần Văn Hương
* Dương Văn Minh

Republic of South Vietnam (1969–1976)|

FNL
* Nguyễn Hữu Thọ

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)|

Vietnam
* Tôn Đức Thắng (1976–1980)
* Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (1980–1981)1
* Council of State (1981–1987) (Chairman: Trường Chinh)3
* Council of State (1987–1992) (Chairman: Võ Chí Công)3
* Lê Đức Anh (1992–1997)
* Trần Đức Lương (1997–2006)
* Nguyễn Minh Triết (2006–2011)
* Trương Tấn Sang (2011–2016)
* Trần Đại Quang (2016–2018)
* Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh (2018)1
* Nguyễn Phú Trọng (2018–2021)
* Nguyễn Xuân Phúc (2021–2023)
* Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (2023)1
* Võ Văn Thưởng (2023–2024)
* Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (2024-present)1

* 1acting
* 2military
* 3collective leadership
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