List of primates by population

Mammals by population

Lists

Even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla)
Carnivorans (Carnivora)
Cetaceans (Cetacea)
Bats (Chiroptera)
Odd-toed ungulates (Perissodactyla)
Primates (Primates)

Key

Conservation status

Extinct in the wild (EW)

Critically Endangered (CR)

Endangered (EN)

Vulnerable (VU)

Near Threatened (NT)

Least Concern (LC)

Data Deficient (DD)

Related

Lists of organisms by population
List of birds by population
Mammal classification
List of recently extinct mammals
Lists of mammals by region

* v
* t
* e

This is a list of primate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive as not all primates have had their numbers quantified.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (November 2018)

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Common name  | Binomial name | Population | Status | Trend  | Notes  | Image

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Hainan black crested gibbon | Nomascus hainanus | 20–50[1] | CR[1] | [1] | Population was estimated at over 2,000 in the late 1950s.[1] |
Eastern black crested gibbon | Nomascus nasutus | 45–47[2] | CR[2] | [2] | Previously thought to be possibly extinct. Numbers may be higher.[2] |
Cat Ba langur | Trachypithecus poliocephalus | 51–54[3] | CR[3] | [3] |  |
Popa langur | Trachypithecus popa | 135–176[4] | CR[4] | [4] | Estimate for mature individuals.[4] |
Raffles' banded langur | Presbytis femoralis | 200–250[5] | CR[5] | [5] |  |
Sarawak surili | Presbytis chrysomelas | 200–500[6] | CR[6] | [6] |  |
Perrier's sifaka | Propithecus perrieri | 230[7] | CR[7] | [7] | One of the 25 most endangered primates.[7] |
Delacour's langur | Trachypithecus delacouri | 234–275[8] | CR[8] | [8] | The population of the species has radically decreased over the past decade.[8] |
Silky sifaka | Propithecus candidus | 250[9] | CR[9] | [9] | Estimate is believed to be a maximum.[9] |
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey | Rhinopithecus avunculus | 250[10] | CR[10] | [10] |  |
Barbara Brown's titi | Callicebus barbarabrownae | 260[11] | CR[11] | [11] | Minimum estimation.[11] |
Myanmar snub-nosed monkey | Rhinopithecus strykeri | 260–330[12] | CR[12] | [12] |  |
Mentawai langur | Presbytis potenziani | 300–1,200[13] | CR[13] | [13] |  |
Superagui lion tamarin | Leontopithecus caissara | 400[14] | CR[14] | [14] | Maximum estimate.[14] |
Blond capuchin | Cebus flavius | 500 | EN|[15] |  |
Greater bamboo lemur | Prolemur simus | 500[16] | CR |  |  |
Kashmir gray langur | Semnopithecus ajax | 500[17] | EN[17] | [17] | Maximum estimate; 250 mature.[17] |
Coimbra Filho's titi | Callicebus coimbrai | 500–1,000[18] | EN[18] | [18] |  |
Gray-shanked douc | Pygathrix cinerea | 550–700[19] | CR[19] | [19] |  |
Arunachal macaque | Macaca munzala | 569[20] | EN[20] | [20] | While one source gives a minimum estimate of 569, another claims adult species number less than 250.[20] |
White-headed langur | Trachypithecus leucocephalus | 600[21] | CR[21] | [21] |  |
Gray snub-nosed monkey | Rhinopithecus brelichi | 750[22] | EN[22] | [22] |  |
Northern muriqui | Brachyteles hypoxanthus | 855[23] | CR[23] | [23] | Minimum estimate.[23] |
Black lion tamarin | Leontopithecus chrysopygus | 1,000[24] | EN[24] | [24] |  |
Tana River mangabey | Cercocebus galeritus | 1,000–1,200[25] | EN[25] | [25] |  |
Kipunji | Rungwecebus kipunji | 1,117[26] | EN[26]|[26] |  |
Sanje mangabey | Cercocebus sanjei | 1,300[27] | EN[27] | [27] | Estimate is likely a maximum.[27] |
Southern muriqui | Brachyteles arachnoides | 1,300[28] | EN[28] | [28] |  |
Black crested gibbon | Nomascus concolor | 1,300–2,000[29] | CR[29] | [29] |  |
Siau Island tarsier | Tarsius tumpara | 1,358–12,470[30] | CR[30] | [30] | Amongst the world's top 25 most endangered primates.[30]
Golden bamboo lemur | Hapalemur aureus | 1,479[31] | CR[31] | [31] | [31] |
Red slender loris | Loris tardigradus | 1,500[32] | EN[32] | [32] |  |
Sangihe tarsier | Tarsius sangirensis | 1,505–2,795[33] | EN[33] | [33] | Population estimates are considered inconclusive.[33] |
Zanzibar red colobus | Procolobus kirkii | 2,000[34] | EN[34] | [34] | Maximum estimate.[34] |
Black snub-nosed monkey | Rhinopithecus bieti | 2,000[35] | EN[35] | [35] | Maximum estimate; less than 1,000 mature organisms.[35] |
François' langur | Trachypithecus francoisi | 2,000–2,100[36] | EN[36] | [36] | Estimate for mature individuals.[36] |
Pagai Island macaque | Macaca pagensis | 2,100–3,700[37] | CR[37] | [37] | Numbered 15,000 in 1980.[37] |
Indochinese gray langur | Trachypithecus crepusculus | 2,400–2,500[38] | EN[38] | [38] | Estimate for mature individuals.[38] |
Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur | Hapalemur alaotrensis | 2,500[39] | CR[39] | [39] | Estimates were for 2002 and showed a decline of over 50% in under ten years.[39] |
Moor macaque | Macaca maura | 3,000–5,000[40] | EN[40] | [40] |  |
Golden lion tamarin | Leontopithecus rosalia | 3,200[41] | EN[41] | [41] | Minimum estimate; wild only.[41] In addition to these, there are about 490 golden lion tamarins in 150 zoos around the world.[42] |
Lion-tailed macaque | Macaca silenus | 4,000[43] | EN[43] | [43] | Estimate is a maximum.[43] |
Silvery gibbon | Hylobates moloch | 4,000–4,500[44] | EN[44] | [44] |  |
Javan surili | Presbytis comata | 5,000–12,000[45] | VU[45]|[45] |  |
Javan fuscous leaf monkey | Presbytis fredericae | 5,000–17,000[46] | VU[46] | [46] |
Gee's golden langur | Trachypithecus geei | 6,000–6,500[47] | EN[47] | [47] | Estimate is for mature individuals.[47] |
Eastern gorilla | Gorilla beringei | 5,880[33] | CR[33] | [33] | Approximately 5,000 eastern lowland gorillas (G. b. graueri)[33] and 880 mountain gorillas (G. b. beringei).[48] |
Cotton-top tamarin | Saguinus oedipus | 6,000[49] | CR[49] | [49] | Estimate for mature organisms is 2,000.[49] |
Golden-crowned sifaka | Propithecus tattersalli | 6,000–10,000[50] | CR[50] | [50] |  |
Golden-headed lion tamarin | Leontopithecus chrysomelas | 6,000–15,000[51] | EN[51] | [51] |  |
Muna-buton macaque | Macaca brunnescens | 6,221–18,435[52] | VU[52] |[52] | Estimate is from 2007.[52] |
Pig-tailed langur | Simias concolor | 6,700–17,300[53] | EN[53] | [53] | Down from an estimated 26,000 in 1980.[53] |
Gray-headed lemur | Eulemur cinereiceps | 7,265[54] | CR[54] | [54] | Maximum population estimate is 7,265±2,268.[54] |
Sumatran orangutan | Pongo abelii | 7,300[55] | CR[55] | [55] |  |
Madame Berthe's mouse lemur | Microcebus berthae | 8,000[56] | EN[56] | [56] | Estimate is a maximum.[56] |
Natuna Island surili | Presbytis natunae | 10,000[57] | VU[57] | [57] |  |
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset | Callibella humilis | 10,000[58] | VU[58] | [58] |  |
Siberut langur | Presbytis siberu | 11,014–27,439[59] | EN[59] | [59] | Population is for Siberut National Park.[59] |
Barbary macaque | Macaca sylvanus | 15,000[60] | EN[60] | [60] | Population may be underestimated.[60] |
Udzungwa red colobus | Procolobus gordonorum | 15,400[61] | EN[61] | [61] | Population may be overestimated.[61] |
Northern giant mouse lemur | Mirza zaza | 16,500–17,500[62] | VU[62] | [62] |  |
Siberut macaque | Macaca siberu | 17,000–30,000[63] | VU[63] | [63] | Numbered 39,000 in 1980.[63] |
Capped langur | Trachypithecus pileatus | 18,600[64] | VU[64] | [64] |  |
Nilgiri langur | Trachypithecus johnii | 20,000[65] | VU[65] | [65] | Maximum estimate; mature individuals number less than 10,000.[65] |
Red-eared guenon | Cercopithecus erythrotis | 20,000[66] | VU[66] | [66] | Minimum estimate.[66] |
Kloss's gibbon | Hylobates klossii | 20,000–25,000[67] | EN[67] | [67] |  |
Bonobo | Pan paniscus | 29,500–50,000[68] | EN[68] | [68] | Population may be underestimated.[68] |
Bornean orangutan | Pongo pygmaeus | 47,000–73,000[69] | CR[69] | [69] |  |
Heck's macaque | Macaca hecki | 100,000[70] | VU[70] | [70] | Little is known about its populations. Estimate is for mature individuals only.[70] |
Japanese macaque | Macaca fuscata | 114,431[71] | LC | [72] |  |
Tonkean macaque | Macaca tonkeana | 150,000[73] | VU[73] | [73] |  |
Western gorilla | Gorilla gorilla | 150,000–250,000[74] | CR[74] | [74] | Figures are considered an overestimation.[74] |
Chimpanzee | Pan troglodytes | 172,700–299,700[75] | EN[75] | [75] |  |
Booted macaque | Macaca ochreata | 180,000[76] | VU[76] | [76] | Estimate is from 2001.[76] |
Gelada | Theropithecus gelada | 200,000[77] | LC[77] | [77] |  |
Müller's Bornean gibbon | Hylobates muelleri | 250,000–375,000[78] | EN[78] | [78] |  |
Crab-eating macaque | Macaca fascicularis | 3,000,000[79] | EN[79] | [79] | Latest full estimation was made at the start of the 2000s.[79] |
Senegal bushbaby | Galago senegalensis | 107,000,000[80] | LC[81] |  | Rough estimate based on population density and range.
Human | Homo sapiens | 8,009,000,000[82] | LC[83] | [83] |  |

## See also

[edit]

* Biology portal
* Mammals portal

* Lists of organisms by population
* Lists of mammals by population
* Human population
* The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Geissmann, T.; Bleisch, W. (2020). "Nomascus hainanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41643A17969392. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41643A17969392.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021. "its population size is less than 50 mature individuals (Zhou et al. 2008, Bryant et al. 2015)."
2. ^ a b c d Rawson, B.M.; Roos, C.; Nguyen, M.H.; Bleisch, W.; Geissmann, T.; Fan, P.F. (2020). "Nomascus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41642A17969578. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41642A17969578.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
3. ^ a b c IUCN (2015-11-21). Trachypithecus poliocephalus: Rawson, B.M., Leonard, N., Covert, H. & Nadler, T.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39871A17959804 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39871a17959804.en.
4. ^ a b c d IUCN (2020-12-07). Trachypithecus popa: Matauschek, C., Meyer, D., Lwin, N., Ko Lin, A., Lin, A., Momberg, F. & Roos, C.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T196344474A196344962 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t196344474a196344962.en. Accessed 27 July 2023.
5. ^ a b c IUCN (2022-02-18). Presbytis femoralis: Ang, A., Boonratana, R. & Nijman, V.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T39801A215090780 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t39801a215090780.en. Accessed 27 July 2023.
6. ^ a b c Nijman, V.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A. (2020). "Presbytis chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39803A17955321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39803A17955321.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
7. ^ a b c d Heriniaina, R.; Hosnah, H.B.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Propithecus perrieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18361A115573556. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18361A115573556.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
8. ^ a b c d IUCN (2015-11-21). Trachypithecus delacouri: Nadler, T., Quyet, L.K., Rawson, B.M. & Coudrat, C.N.Z.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22043A17958988 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t22043a17958988.en. Accessed 27 July 2023.
9. ^ a b c d Patel, E. (2020). "Propithecus candidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18360A115573359. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18360A115573359.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
10. ^ a b c Quyet, L.K.; Rawson, B.M.; Duc, H.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H.; Ang, A. (2020). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19594A17944213. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19594A17944213.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
11. ^ a b c d Printes, R.C.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Alonso, A.C.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Callicebus barbarabrownae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39929A191703041. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39929A191703041.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
12. ^ a b c Geissmann, T.; Momberg, F.; Whitten, T. (2020). "Rhinopithecus strykeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13508501A17943490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13508501A17943490.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
13. ^ a b c IUCN (2015-11-23). Presbytis potenziani: Setiawan, A., Quinten, M, Cheyne, S., Traeholt, C. & Whittaker, D.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39815A17954456 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39815a17954456.en. Accessed 27 July 2023.
14. ^ a b c d Nascimento, A.T.A.; Ludwig, G.; Miranda, J.M.D.; Martins, M.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Leontopithecus caissara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T11503A192327024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T11503A192327024.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
15. ^ Valença-Montenegro, M.M.; Bezerra, B.M.; Martins, A.B.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Fialho, M.S.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021). "Sapajus flavius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136253A192592928. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136253A192592928.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
16. ^ Kurt Gron (July 22, 2010). "Greater bamboo lemur". Primate Info Net. Wisconsin Primate Research Center (WPRC) Library at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
17. ^ a b c d Kumar, A.; Singh, M.; Anandam, M.; Ahuja, V.; Kumara, H.N.; Molur, S. (2020). "Semnopithecus ajax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39833A17943210. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39833A17943210.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
18. ^ a b c Jerusalinsky, L.; Souza-Alves, J.P.; Ferrari, S.F. (2020). "Callicebus coimbrai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39954A17972422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39954A17972422.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
19. ^ a b c Long, H.T.; Duc, H.; Quyet, L.K.; Rawson, B.M.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H. (2020). "Pygathrix cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39827A17941672. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39827A17941672.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
20. ^ a b c d Kumar, A.; Sinha, A.; Kumar, S. (2020). "Macaca munzala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136569A17948833. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136569A17948833.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
21. ^ a b c IUCN (2015-11-21). Trachypithecus leucocephalus: Bleisch, B. & Long, Y.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39872A17988378 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39872a17988378.en. Accessed 27 July 2023.
22. ^ a b c Yongcheng, L.; Bleisch, W.V.; Richardson, M.; Baoguo, L. (2020). "Rhinopithecus brelichi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19595A185220311. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19595A185220311.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
23. ^ a b c d de Melo, F.R.; Boubli, J.P.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Tabacow, F.P.; Ferraz, D.S.; Talebi, M. (2021). "Brachyteles hypoxanthus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T2994A191693399. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2994A191693399.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
24. ^ a b c Rezende, G.C.; Knogge, C.; Passos, F.C.; Ludwig, G.; Oliveira, L.C.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2020). "Leontopithecus chrysopygus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11505A17935400. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11505A17935400.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
25. ^ a b c Butynski, T.M.; de Jong, Y.A.; Wieczkowski, J.; King, J. (2020). "Cercocebus galeritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T4200A17956330. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4200A17956330.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
26. ^ a b c Davenport, T. (2019). "Rungwecebus kipunji". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136791A17961368. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136791A17961368.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
27. ^ a b c d McCabe, G.; Rovero, F.; Fernández, D.; Butynski, T.M.; Struhsaker, T.T. (2019). "Cercocebus sanjei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4203A17955753. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4203A17955753.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
28. ^ a b c Talebi, M.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Martins, M.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Ingberman, B.; Ferraz, D.S.; de Melo, F.R.; Boubli, J.P. (2021). "Brachyteles arachnoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T2993A191692658. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2993A191692658.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
29. ^ a b c Pengfei, F.; Nguyen, M.H.; Phiaphalath, P.; Roos, C.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Rawson, B.M. (2020). "Nomascus concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39775A17968556. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39775A17968556.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
30. ^ a b c d Shekelle, M.; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius tumpara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T179234A17977202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
31. ^ a b c d Wright, P.; Hearthstone, E.; Donohue, M.E.; Andrianoely, D.; Otero-Jiménez, B.J.; Lauterbur, M.E. (2020). "Hapalemur aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9672A115564398. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9672A115564398.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
32. ^ a b c Gamage, S.N.; Nekaris, K.A.I.; Rudran, R. (2020). "Loris tardigradus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12375A17970163. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12375A17970163.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
33. ^ a b c d e f g h Plumptre, A.J.; Robbins, M.M.; Williamson, E.A. (2019). "Gorilla beringei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39994A115576640. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39994A115576640.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
34. ^ a b c d Davenport, T. (2019). "Piliocolobus kirkii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39992A168568335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39992A168568335.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
35. ^ a b c d Yongcheng, L.; Bleisch, W.V.; Richardson, M. (2020). "Rhinopithecus bieti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19597A17943738. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19597A17943738.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
36. ^ a b c d IUCN (2015-11-21). Trachypithecus francoisi: Nadler, T., Quyet, L.K., Covert, H. & Long, Y.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39853A17958817 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t39853a17958817.en. Accessed 27 July 2023.
37. ^ a b c d Setiawan, A.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Whittaker, D. (2020). "Macaca pagensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39794A17949995. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39794A17949995.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
38. ^ a b c d IUCN (2015-11-21). Trachypithecus crepusculus: Yongcheng, L., Nadler, T. & Quyet, L.K.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T136920A204397334 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-2.rlts.t136920a204397334.en. Accessed 27 July 2023.
39. ^ a b c d Ralainasolo, F.B.; Raveloarimalala, M.L.; Randrianasolo, H.; Heriniaina, R.; Clarke, T.; Ravaloharimanitra, M.; Volampeno, S.; Donati, G.; Razafindramanana, J.; Andriantsimanarilafy, R.R.; Randriatahina, G.; Irwin, M.; Eppley, T.M.; Borgerson, C. (2020). "Hapalemur alaotrensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9676A182236363. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T9676A182236363.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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Mammals by population

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