List of prime ministers of Finland

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This is a list of prime ministers of Finland since the establishment of that office in 1917.

## History

[edit]

In 1918, the Finnish Senate was transformed into the Finnish Government, and the position of vice-chairman of the economic division of the Senate was transformed into the position of prime minister. Kesäranta (in Swedish Villa Bjälbo), located in the Meilahti neighborhood of Helsinki, has been the official residence of the prime minister of Finland since 1919.

Since its independence (declared on 6 December 1917), Finland has had 75 cabinets,[1] including the current one, the longest lasting being the cabinet of Prime Minister Juha Sipilä, lasting 1,469 days.[2]

Before the 1980s, cabinets tended to be short lived; the president was the most important political figure, and he had the right to form a new cabinet whenever he wanted. From the 1980s onwards, cabinets have tended to serve full terms (although the prime minister changed midterm in a few cases, most of the other cabinet members have remained nearly unchanged) and the prime minister has become more powerful a figure than the president. Under the current constitution, the prime minister is chosen by the parliament and only formally appointed by the president.

## List of prime ministers

[edit]

Finnish cabinets and prime ministers are numbered sequentially. A prime minister can serve as the head of multiple cabinets. For example, Matti Vanhanen is both the 39th and the 40th prime minister.[3]

No.  | Portrait  | Name
(Birth–Death) | Term of office  | Election  | Party  | Cabinet
Coalition | President
(Tenure)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Took office | Left office | Duration
1  |  | Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
(1861–1944) | 27 November
1917  | 27 May
1918  | 182 days  | 1917 |  | Young Finnish | 1\. Svinhufvud I
SP–NSP–ML–RKP (minority) | None
2  |  | Juho Kusti Paasikivi
(1870–1956) | 27 May
1918  | 27 November
1918  | 185 days  | —  |  | Finnish | 2\. Paasikivi I
SP–NSP–ML–RKP (minority) | Regent
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
(1918)
3  |  | Lauri Ingman
(1868–1934) | 27 November
1918  | 17 April
1919  | 142 days  | —  |  | National Coalition | 3\. Ingman I
KOK–ED–RKP
Regent
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
(1918–1919)
4  |  | Kaarlo Castrén
(1860–1938) | 17 April
1919  | 15 August
1919  | 121 days  | 1919 |  | National Progressive | 4\. K. Castrén
ML–ED–RKP (minority)
Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg
(1919–1925)
5  |  | Juho Vennola
(1872–1938) | 15 August
1919  | 15 March
1920  | 214 days  | —  |  | National Progressive | 5\. Vennola I
ML–ED (minority)
6  |  | Rafael Erich
(1879–1946) | 15 March
1920  | 9 April
1921  | 1 year, 26 days  | —  |  | National Coalition | 6\. Erich
KOK–ML–ED–RKP
(5)  |  | Juho Vennola
(1872–1938) | 9 April
1921  | 2 June
1922  | 1 year, 55 days  | —  |  | National Progressive | 7\. Vennola II
ML–ED (minority)
7  |  | Aimo Cajander
(1879–1943) | 2 June
1922  | 14 November
1922  | 166 days  | 1922 |  | Independent | 8\. Cajander I
(caretaker)
8  |  | Kyösti Kallio
(1873–1940) | 14 November
1922  | 18 January
1924  | 1 year, 66 days  | —  |  | Agrarian | 9\. Kallio I
ML–ED (minority)
(7)  |  | Aimo Cajander
(1879–1943) | 18 January
1924  | 31 May
1924  | 135 days  | —  |  | Independent | 10\. Cajander II
(caretaker)
(3)  |  | Lauri Ingman
(1868–1934) | 31 May
1924  | 31 March
1925  | 305 days  | 1924 |  | National Coalition | 11\. Ingman II
KOK–ML–ED–RKP
Lauri Kristian Relander
(1925–1931)
9  |  | Antti Tulenheimo
(1879–1952) | 31 March
1925  | 31 December
1925  | 276 days  | —  |  | National Coalition | 12\. Tulenheimo
KOK–ML (minority)
(8)  |  | Kyösti Kallio
(1873–1940) | 31 December
1925  | 13 December
1926  | 348 days  | —  |  | Agrarian | 13\. Kallio II
ML–KOK (minority)
10  |  | Väinö Tanner
(1881–1966) | 13 December
1926  | 17 December
1927  | 1 year, 5 days  | —  |  | Social Democratic | 14\. Tanner
SDP (minority)
11  |  | Juho Sunila
(1875–1936) | 17 December
1927  | 22 December
1928  | 1 year, 6 days  | 1927 |  | Agrarian | 15\. Sunila I
ML (minority)
12  |  | Oskari Mantere
(1874–1942) | 22 December
1928  | 16 August
1929  | 238 days  | —  |  | National Progressive | 16\. Mantere
ED (minority)
(8)  |  | Kyösti Kallio
(1873–1940) | 16 August
1929  | 4 July
1930  | 323 days  | 1929 |  | Agrarian | 17\. Kallio III
ML (minority)
(1)  |  | Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
(1861–1944) | 4 July
1930  | 18 February
1931  | 230 days  | —  |  | National Coalition | 18\. Svinhufvud II
ML–KOK–ED–RKP
1930
—  |  | Juho Vennola
(1872–1938)
Interim Prime Minister | 18 February
1931 | 21 March
1931 | 32 days | —  |  | National Progressive | Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
(1931–1937)
(11)  |  | Juho Sunila
(1875–1936) | 21 March
1931  | 14 December
1932  | 1 year, 269 days  | —  |  | Agrarian | 19\. Sunila II
ML–KOK–ED–RKP
13  |  | Toivo Mikael Kivimäki
(1886–1968) | 14 December
1932  | 7 October
1936  | 3 years, 298 days  | —  |  | National Progressive | 20\. Kivimäki
ML–ED–RKP (minority)
1933
(8)  |  | Kyösti Kallio
(1873–1940) | 7 October
1936  | 17 February
1937  | 134 days  | 1936 |  | Agrarian | 21\. Kallio IV
ML–ED (minority)
—  |  | Rudolf Holsti
(1881–1945)
Interim Prime Minister | 17 February
1937 | 12 March
1937 | 24 days | —  |  | National Progressive | Kyösti Kallio
(1937–1940)
(7)  |  | Aimo Cajander
(1879–1943) | 12 March
1937  | 1 December
1939  | 2 years, 265 days  | —  |  | National Progressive | 22\. Cajander III
SDP–ML–ED–RKP
1939
14  |  | Risto Ryti
(1889–1956) | 1 December
1939  | 19 December
1940  | 1 year, 19 days  | —  |  | National Progressive | 23\. Ryti I
SDP–ML–ED–RKP
—  | 24\. Ryti I
SDP–ML–KOK–ED–RKP
—  |  | Rudolf Walden
(1878–1946)
Interim Prime Minister | 19 December
1940 | 4 January
1941 | 17 days | —  |  | Independent | Risto Ryti
(1940–1944)
15  |  | Johan Wilhelm Rangell
(1894–1982) | 4 January
1941  | 5 March
1943  | 2 years, 61 days  | —  |  | National Progressive | 25\. Rangell
SDP–ML–KOK–RKP–ED–IKL
16  |  | Edwin Linkomies
(1894–1963) | 5 March
1943  | 8 August
1944  | 1 year, 157 days  | —  |  | National Coalition | 26\. Linkomies
KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
(1944–1946)
17  |  | Antti Hackzell
(1881–1946) | 8 August
1944  | 21 September
1944  | 45 days  | —  |  | Independent | 27\. Hackzell
KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED
18  |  | Urho Castrén
(1886–1965) | 21 September
1944  | 17 November
1944  | 58 days  | —  |  | National Coalition | 28\. U. Castrén
KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED
(2)  |  | Juho Kusti Paasikivi
(1870–1956) | 17 November
1944  | 9 March
1946  | 1 year, 113 days  | —  |  | National Coalition | 29\. Paasikivi II
SDP–SKDL–ML–KOK–RKP–ED
1945 | 30\. Paasikivi III
SDP–SKDL–ML–ED–RKP
—  |  | Carl Enckell
(1876–1959)
Interim Prime Minister | 9 March
1946 | 26 March
1946 | 18 days | —  |  | Independent
Juho Kusti Paasikivi
(1946–1956)
19  |  | Mauno Pekkala
(1890–1952) | 26 March
1946  | 29 July
1948  | 2 years, 126 days  | —  |  | SKDL | 31\. Pekkala
SKDL–SDP–ML–RKP
20  |  | Karl-August Fagerholm
(1901–1984) | 29 July
1948  | 17 March
1950  | 1 year, 232 days  | 1948 |  | Social Democratic | 32\. Fagerholm I
SDP (minority)
21  |  | Urho Kekkonen
(1900–1986) | 17 March
1950  | 17 November
1953  | 3 years, 246 days  | —  |  | Agrarian | 33\. Kekkonen I
ML–RKP–ED (minority)
—  | 34\. Kekkonen II
ML–SDP–RKP–ED
1951 | 35\. Kekkonen III
ML–SDP–RKP
—  | 36\. Kekkonen IV
ML–RKP (minority)
22  |  | Sakari Tuomioja
(1911–1964) | 17 November
1953  | 5 May
1954  | 170 days  | —  |  | Independent | 37\. Tuomioja
(caretaker)
23  |  | Ralf Törngren
(1899–1961) | 5 May
1954  | 20 October
1954  | 169 days  | 1954 |  | Swedish People's | 38\. Törngren
SDP–ML–RKP
(21)  |  | Urho Kekkonen
(1900–1986) | 20 October
1954  | 3 March
1956  | 1 year, 136 days  | —  |  | Agrarian | 39\. Kekkonen V
ML–SDP
(20)  |  | Karl-August Fagerholm
(1901–1984) | 3 March
1956  | 27 May
1957  | 1 year, 86 days  | —  |  | Social Democratic | 40\. Fagerholm II
SDP–ML–RKP | Urho Kekkonen
(1956–1982)
24  |  | V. J. Sukselainen
(1906–1995) | 27 May
1957  | 29 November
1957  | 187 days  | —  |  | Agrarian | 41\. Sukselainen I
ML–RKP–SDP–KP–TPSL
25  |  | Rainer von Fieandt
(1890–1972) | 29 November
1957  | 26 April
1958  | 149 days  | —  |  | Independent | 42\. von Fieandt
(caretaker)
26  |  | Reino Kuuskoski
(1907–1965) | 26 April
1958  | 29 August
1958  | 126 days  | —  |  | Independent | 43\. Kuuskoski
(caretaker)
(20)  |  | Karl-August Fagerholm
(1901–1984) | 29 August
1958  | 13 January
1959  | 138 days  | 1958 |  | Social Democratic | 44\. Fagerholm III
SDP–ML–KOK–RKP–KP
(24)  |  | V. J. Sukselainen
(1906–1995) | 13 January
1959  | 3 July
1961  | 2 years, 183 days  | —  |  | Agrarian | 45\. Sukselainen II
ML–RKP (minority)
—  |  | Eemil Luukka
(1892–1970)
Interim Prime Minister | 3 July
1961 | 14 July
1961 | 12 days | —  |  | Agrarian
27  |  | Martti Miettunen
(1907–2002) | 14 July
1961  | 13 April
1962  | 274 days  | —  |  | Agrarian | 46\. Miettunen I
ML (minority)
28  |  | Ahti Karjalainen
(1923–1990) | 13 April
1962  | 18 December
1963  | 1 year, 250 days  | 1962 |  | Agrarian | 47\. Karjalainen I
ML–KOK–RKP–KP–SDP
29  |  | Reino Ragnar Lehto
(1898–1966) | 18 December
1963  | 12 September
1964  | 270 days  | —  |  | Independent | 48\. Lehto
(caretaker)
30  |  | Johannes Virolainen
(1914–2000) | 12 September
1964  | 27 May
1966  | 1 year, 258 days  | —  |  | Agrarian | 49\. Virolainen
ML–KOK–RKP–KP
31  |  | Rafael Paasio
(1903–1980) | 27 May
1966  | 22 March
1968  | 1 year, 301 days  | 1966 |  | Social Democratic | 50\. Paasio I
SDP–KESK–SKDL–TPSL
32  |  | Mauno Koivisto
(1923–2017) | 22 March
1968  | 14 May
1970  | 2 years, 54 days  | —  |  | Social Democratic | 51\. Koivisto I
SDP–KESK–SKDL–TPSL–RKP
33  |  | Teuvo Aura
(1912–1999) | 14 May
1970  | 15 July
1970  | 63 days  | —  |  | Independent | 52\. Aura I
(caretaker)
(28)  |  | Ahti Karjalainen
(1923–1990) | 15 July
1970  | 29 October
1971  | 1 year, 107 days  | 1970 |  | Centre | 53\. Karjalainen II
KESK–SDP–SKDL–RKP–LKP
(33)  |  | Teuvo Aura
(1912–1999) | 29 October
1971  | 23 February
1972  | 118 days  | —  |  | Independent | 54\. Aura II
(caretaker)
(31)  |  | Rafael Paasio
(1903–1980) | 23 February
1972  | 4 September
1972  | 195 days  | 1972 |  | Social Democratic | 55\. Paasio II
SDP (minority)
34  |  | Kalevi Sorsa
(1930–2004) | 4 September
1972  | 13 June
1975  | 2 years, 283 days  | —  |  | Social Democratic | 56\. Sorsa I
SDP–KESK–RKP–LKP
35  |  | Keijo Liinamaa
(1929–1980) | 13 June
1975  | 30 November
1975  | 171 days  | —  |  | Independent | 57\. Liinamaa
(caretaker)
(27)  |  | Martti Miettunen
(1907–2002) | 30 November
1975  | 15 May
1977  | 1 year, 167 days  | 1975 |  | Centre | 58\. Miettunen II
KESK–RKP–LKP (minority)
—  | 59\. Miettunen III
KESK–RKP–LKP
(34)  |  | Kalevi Sorsa
(1930–2004) | 15 May
1977  | 26 May
1979  | 2 years, 12 days  | —  |  | Social Democratic | 60\. Sorsa II
SDP–KESK–SKDL–RKP–LKP
(32)  |  | Mauno Koivisto
(1923–2017) | 26 May
1979  | 27 October
1981  | 2 years, 155 days  | 1979 |  | Social Democratic | 61\. Koivisto II
SDP–KESK–SKDL–RKP
—  |  | Eino Uusitalo
(1924–2015)
Interim Prime Minister | 27 October
1981 | 19 February
1982 | 117 days | —  |  | Centre | Mauno Koivisto
(1982–1994)
(34)  |  | Kalevi Sorsa
(1930–2004) | 19 February
1982  | 30 April
1987  | 5 years, 71 days  | —  |  | Social Democratic | 62\. Sorsa III
SDP–KESK–SKDL–RKP–LKP
1983 | 63\. Sorsa IV
SDP–KESK–RKP–SMP
36  |  | Harri Holkeri
(1937–2011) | 30 April
1987  | 26 April
1991  | 3 years, 362 days  | 1987 |  | National Coalition | 64\. Holkeri
KOK–SDP–RKP–SMP
37  |  | Esko Aho
(born 1954) | 26 April
1991  | 13 April
1995  | 3 years, 353 days  | 1991 |  | Centre | 65\. Aho
KESK–KOK–RKP–SKL
Martti Ahtisaari
(1994–2000)
38  |  | Paavo Lipponen
(born 1941) | 13 April
1995  | 17 April
2003  | 8 years, 5 days  | 1995 |  | Social Democratic | 66\. Lipponen I
SDP–KOK–RKP–VAS–VIHR
1999 | 67\. Lipponen II
SDP–KOK–RKP–VAS–VIHR
Tarja Halonen
(2000–2012)
39  |  | Anneli Jäätteenmäki
(born 1955) | 17 April
2003  | 24 June
2003  | 69 days  | 2003 |  | Centre | 68\. Jäätteenmäki
KESK–SDP–RKP
40  |  | Matti Vanhanen
(born 1955) | 24 June
2003  | 22 June
2010  | 6 years, 364 days  | —  |  | Centre | 69\. Vanhanen I
KESK–SDP–RKP
2007 | 70\. Vanhanen II
KESK–KOK–RKP–VIHR
41  |  | Mari Kiviniemi
(born 1968) | 22 June
2010  | 22 June
2011  | 1 year, 1 day  | —  |  | Centre | 71\. Kiviniemi
KESK–KOK–RKP–VIHR
42  |  | Jyrki Katainen
(born 1971) | 22 June
2011  | 24 June
2014  | 3 years, 3 days  | 2011 |  | National Coalition | 72\. Katainen
KOK–SDP–RKP–VAS–VIHR–KD
Sauli Niinistö
(2012–2024)
43  |  | Alexander Stubb
(born 1968) | 24 June
2014  | 29 May
2015  | 340 days  | —  |  | National Coalition | 73\. Stubb
KOK–SDP–RKP–VIHR–KD
44  |  | Juha Sipilä
(born 1961) | 29 May
2015  | 6 June
2019  | 4 years, 9 days  | 2015 |  | Centre | 74\. Sipilä
KESK–PS–KOK
45  |  | Antti Rinne
(born 1962) | 6 June
2019  | 10 December
2019  | 188 days  | 2019 |  | Social Democratic | 75\. Rinne
SDP–KESK–VIHR–VAS–RKP
46  |  | Sanna Marin
(born 1985) | 10 December
2019  | 20 June
2023  | 3 years, 193 days  | —  |  | Social Democratic | 76\. Marin
SDP–KESK–VIHR–VAS–RKP
47  |  | Petteri Orpo
(born 1969) | 20 June
2023  | Incumbent  |

1 year, 272 days

| 2023 |  | National Coalition | 77\. Orpo
KOK–PS–RKP–KD
Alexander Stubb
(since 2024)

## Timeline

[edit]

## See also

[edit]

* Politics of Finland
* Lists of incumbents
* President of Finland
* List of presidents of Finland
* Senate of Finland

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Finnish Council of State. "The Cabinet in Office". Finnish Council of State. Archived from the original on November 13, 2010. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
2. ^ "Juha Sipilän hallituksesta tulee kaikkien aikojen pitkäikäisin" (in Finnish). Ilta-Sanomat. 2019-04-09. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
3. ^ "Governments in chronological order". Finnish government (Valtioneuvosto). Retrieved 27 March 2017.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Prime ministers of Finland at Wikimedia Commons
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