List of prime ministers of France

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The head of the government of France has been called the prime minister of France (French: Premier ministre) since 1959, when Michel Debré became the first officeholder appointed under the Fifth Republic. During earlier periods of history, the head of government of France was known by different titles. As was common in European democracies of the 1815–1958 period (the Bourbon Restoration and July Monarchy, the Second, Third, and Fourth Republic, as well as the Vichy regime), the head of government was called President of the Council of Ministers (Président du Conseil des ministres), generally shortened to President of the council (Président du Conseil). This should not be confused with the elected office of president of the French Republic, who, as head of state, appoints the prime minister as head of government.

## 16th century – 18th century

[edit]

### Kingdom of France (843–1792)

[edit]

Main articles: Ancien Régime, Chief minister of France, Kingdom of France, and Kingdom of France (1791–92)

Under the Kingdom of France, there was no official title for the leader of the government. The chief ministers (principaux ministres) of certain kings of France nonetheless led the government de facto.

Chief minister
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | King
(Reign)

|
|

| Anne de Montmorency
(1493–1567) | 1 January 1515  | 14 June 1541  | Francis I

(1515–1547)
| Claude d'Annebault
(1495–1552) | 1541  | 31 March 1547
| Anne de Montmorency
(1493–1567) | 1 April 1547  | 10 August 1557  | Henry II

(1547–1559)
Position vacant
(absolute rule by Henry II) | 11 August 1557  | 10 July 1559
| Francis, Duke of Guise
(1519–1563) | 10 July 1559  | 5 December 1560  | Francis II

(1559–1560)
| Michel de l'Hôpital
(1507–1573) | 5 December 1560  | 13 March 1573
(Died in office) | Charles IX

(1560–1574)
| René de Birague
(1506–1583) | 30 May 1574  | 24 November 1583
(Died in office) | Henry III

(1574–1589)
| Philippe Hurault de Cheverny
(1528–1599) | 24 November 1583  | 12 May 1588
Position vacant
(absolute rule by Henry III) | 12 May 1588  | 2 August 1589
| Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully
(1560–1641) | 2 August 1589  | 29 January 1611  | Henry IV

(1589–1610)
| Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy
(1543–1617) | 30 January 1611  | 9 August 1616  | Louis XIII

(1610–1643)
| Concino Concini
(1569–1617) | 9 August 1616  | 24 April 1617
(Died in office)
| Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes
(1578–1621) | 24 April 1617  | 15 December 1621
(Died in office)
Position vacant
(absolute rule by Louis XIII) | 15 December 1621  | 12 August 1624
| Cardinal Richelieu
(1585–1642) | 12 August 1624  | 4 December 1642
(Died in office)
Louis XIV

(1643–1715)
| Cardinal Mazarin
(1602–1661) | 5 December 1642  | 9 March 1661
(Died in office)
Position vacant
(absolute rule by Louis XIV) | 9 March 1661  | 1 September 1715
| Guillaume Dubois
(1656–1723) | 12 September 1715  | 10 August 1723
(Died in office) | Louis XV

(1715–1774)
| Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
(1674–1723) | 10 August 1723  | 2 December 1723
(Died in office)
| Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon
(1692–1740) | 2 December 1723  | 11 June 1726
| André-Hercule de Fleury
(1653–1743) | 11 June 1726  | 29 January 1743
(Died in office)
Position vacant
(absolute rule by Louis XV) | 29 January 1743  | 3 December 1758
| Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul
(1719–1785) | 3 December 1758  | 24 December 1770
| René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou
(1714–1792) | 25 December 1770  | 23 August 1774
| Jacques Turgot
(1727–1781) | 24 August 1774  | 12 May 1776  | Louis XVI

(1774–1792)
| Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas
(1701–1781) | 14 May 1776  | 21 November 1781
(Died in office)
| Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes
(1717–1787) | 21 November 1781  | 13 February 1787
(Died in office)
| Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne
(1727–1794) | 1 May 1787  | 25 August 1788
| Jacques Necker
(1732–1804) | 25 August 1788  | 11 July 1789
| Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil
(1730–1807) | 11 July 1789  | 16 July 1789
| Jacques Necker
(1732–1804) | 16 July 1789  | 3 September 1790
| Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin
(1745–1792) | 3 September 1790  | 3 September 1791
Constitutional cabinet
(supervisioned by Legislative Assembly) | 3 September 1791  | 21 September 1792

## 18th century – 19th century

[edit]

### French First Republic (1792–1804)

[edit]

Main articles: French Revolution and First French Republic

During the First Republic, the arrangements for governance changed frequently:

* National Convention (20 September 1792 – 2 November 1795)
* with Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve as President of the National Convention (22 September 1792 – 2 June 1793)
* with Maximilien Robespierre as President of the National Convention (4 June 1793 – 27 July 1794)
* with Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès as President of the National Convention (7 October 1794 – 20 April 1795)
* with Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès as President of the National Convention (20 April 1795 – 26 October 1795)
* Directory (2 November 1795 – 10 November 1799), with Paul Barras as President of the Directory
* Consulate (10 November 1799 – 18 May 1804), with Napoleon Bonaparte as First Consul of France

There was no individual head of government.

### French First Empire (1804–1815)

[edit]

Main article: First French Empire

As Emperor, Napoleon was both head of state and head of government.

Chief minister  | Term of office  | Political party  | Emperor
(Reign)

|
|
|

Position vacant
(absolute rule by Napoleon) | 1 | 18 May 1804  | 1 April 1814  | Vacant | Napoleon

(1804–1814)

### First Restoration (1814–1815)

[edit]

Main article: First Restoration

Chief minister  | Term of office  | Political party  | King
(Reign)

|
|
|

| Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
(1754–1838)
(as President of the Council) | 1 | 1 April 1814  | 2 May 1814  |  | Independent | Louis XVIII

(1814–1815)
| Pierre Louis Jean Casimir de Blacas
(1771–1839) | 2 | 2 May 1814  | 8 July 1815  |  | Independent

### Hundred Days (1815)

[edit]

Main article: Hundred Days

As Emperor, Napoleon was both head of state and head of government. Upon Napoleon's abdication, his son Napoleon II was named Emperor. This rule was nominal, and Napoleon II, then a four-year old child, remained in Austria throughout his nominal reign.

Chief Minister  | Term of office  | Political party  | Emperor
(Reign)

|
|
|

Position vacant
(absolute rule by Napoleon I) | 2 | 20 March 1815  | 22 June 1815  | Vacant | Napoleon I

(1815)
| Joseph Fouché
(1759–1820)
(as President of the Executive Commission) | • | 22 June 1815  | 7 July 1815  |  | Bonapartist | Napoleon II

(1815)

### Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830)

[edit]

Main article: Bourbon Restoration in France

#### Presidents of the Council of Ministers

[edit]

President of the Council of Ministers
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party  | Legislature
(Election) | King
(Reign)

|
|
|
|

| Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
(1754–1838) | • | 9 July 1815  | 26 September 1815  |  | Independent  | I
(Chambre introuvable)
(1815) | Louis XVIII

(1815–1824)
| Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu
(1766–1822) | 1 | 26 September 1815  | 29 December 1818  |  | Independent
| Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles
(1767–1828) | • | 29 December 1818  | 19 November 1819  |  | Doctrinaires | II
(1816)
| Élie Decazes, duc de Glücksbierg and Decazes
(1780–1860) | • | 19 November 1819  | 20 February 1820  |  | Doctrinaires
| Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu
(1766–1822) | 2 | 20 February 1820  | 14 December 1821  |  | Doctrinaires  | III
(1820)
| Jean-Baptiste de Villèle
(1773–1854) | • | 14 December 1821  | 4 January 1828  |  | Ultra-royalist

(1824) | Charles X

(1824–1830)
| Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac
(1778–1832) | • | 4 January 1828  | 8 August 1829  |  | Doctrinaires  | V
(1827)
| Jules de Polignac, duc de Polignac
(1780–1847) | • | 8 August 1829  | 29 July 1830  |  | Ultra-royalist
| Casimir de Rochechouart, duc de Mortemart
(1787–1875) | • | 29 July 1830  |  | Ultra-royalist

### July Monarchy (1830–1848)

[edit]

Main article: July Monarchy

#### Presidents of the Council of Ministers

[edit]

Political parties

Independent
Orléanist
Doctrinaires/Movement Party
Resistance Party

President of the Council of Ministers
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party  | Legislature
(Election) | King
(Reign)

|
|
|
|

Position vacant
(government led by
Louis Philippe I) | 0 | 29 July 1830  | 2 November 1830  |  | (Orléanist)  | I
(1830) | Louis Philippe I

(1830–1848)
(0)

| Jacques Laffitte
(1767–1844) | • | 2 November 1830  | 13 March 1831  |  | Orléanist
| Casimir Pierre Périer
(1777–1832) | • | 13 March 1831  | 16 May 1832  |  | Resistance Party | II
(1831)
| Jean-de-Dieu Soult
(1769–1851) | 1 | 11 October 1832  | 18 July 1834  |  | Orléanist
| Étienne Maurice Gérard
(1773–1852) | • | 18 July 1834  | 10 November 1834  |  | Independent  | III
(1834)
| Hugues-Bernard Maret
(1763–1839) | • | 10 November 1834  | 18 November 1834  |  | Independent
| Édouard Mortier
(1768–1835) | • | 18 November 1834  | 12 March 1835  |  | Resistance Party
| Victor de Broglie
(1785–1870) | • | 12 March 1835  | 22 February 1836  |  | Resistance Party
| Adolphe Thiers
(1797–1877) | 1 | 22 February 1836  | 6 September 1836  |  | Movement Party
| Louis-Mathieu Molé
(1781–1855) | 1 | 6 September 1836  | 31 March 1839  |  | Resistance Party
2 | IV
(1837)
Position vacant
(government led by
Louis Philippe I) | 2 | 31 March 1839  | 12 May 1839  |  | (Orléanist)
| Jean-de-Dieu Soult
(1769–1851) | 2 | 12 May 1839  | 1 March 1840  |  | Resistance Party  | V
(1839)
| Adolphe Thiers
(1797–1877) | 2 | 1 March 1840  | 29 October 1840  |  | Movement Party
| Jean-de-Dieu Soult
(1769–1851) | 3 | 29 October 1840  | 19 September 1847  |  | Resistance Party  | VI
(1842)
| François Guizot
(1787–1874) | • | 19 September 1847  | 23 February 1848  |  | Resistance Party  | VII
(1846)
| Louis-Mathieu Molé
(1781–1855) | 23 February 1848  | 24 February 1848  |  | Resistance Party

### Second French Republic (1848–1852)

[edit]

Main article: Second French Republic

#### Presidents of the Council of Ministers

[edit]

President of the Council of Ministers
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party  | Legislature
(Election) | President
(Term)

|
|
|
|

1  |  | Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure
(1767–1855) | • | 24 February 1848  | 9 May 1848  |  | Moderate Republican | Const.
(1848) |  | Himself
de facto
(Provisional)
2  |  | François Arago
(1786–1853) | • | 10 May 1848  | 24 June 1848  |  | Moderate Republican  | Executive Commission
3  |  | Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
(1802–1857) | • | 28 June 1848  | 20 December 1848  |  | Moderate Republican  | Himself
de facto
(Martial Law)
4  |  | Odilon Barrot
(1791–1873) | 1 | 20 December 1848  | 31 October 1849  |  | Party of Order | 1  | Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte

(1848–1852)
2 | Leg.
(1849)
5  |  | Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul
(1789–1865) | • | 31 October 1849  | 24 January 1851  |  | Party of Order
Position vacant
(government led by
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) | • | 24 January 1851  | 10 April 1851  | Vacant
6  |  | Léon Faucher
(1803–1854) | • | 10 April 1851  | 26 October 1851  |  | Party of Order
Position vacant
(government led by
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) | 0 | 26 October 1851  | 2 December 1852  | Vacant

### Second French Empire (1852–1870)

[edit]

Main article: Second French Empire

#### Cabinet Chiefs

[edit]

Cabinet Chief
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party  | Legislature
(Election) | Emperor
(Reign)

|
|
|
|

Position vacant
(absolute rule by Napoleon III) | 3 | 2 December 1852  | 27 December 1869  | Vacant | I
(1852) | Napoleon III

(1852–1870)

(1857)
III
(1863)
4 | IV
(1869)
| Émile Ollivier
(1825–1913) | • | 2 January 1870  | 9 August 1870  |  | Bonapartist
| Charles Cousin-Montauban
(1796–1878) | • | 9 August 1870  | 4 September 1870  |  | Independent

## 19th century – 20th century

[edit]

### Third French Republic (1870–1940)

[edit]

Main articles: Government of National Defense and Third French Republic

#### President of the Government of National Defense

[edit]

President of the Government of National Defense
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party  | Legislature
(Election)

|
|
|

|  | Louis-Jules Trochu
(1815–1896) | • | 4 September 1870  | 22 January 1871  |  | Military | None

#### Presidents of the Council of Ministers

[edit]

President of the Council of Ministers
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party
(Political coalition) | Legislature
(Election) | President
(Term)

|
|
|
|

6  |  | Jules Armand Dufaure
(1798–1881) | 1 | 19 February 1871  | 24 May 1873  |  | Opportunist Republicans | National Assembly (1871) | 2  | Adolphe Thiers

(1871–1873)

7  |  | Albert, duc de Broglie
(1821–1901) | 1 | 25 May 1873  | 22 May 1874  |  | Monarchist | 3  | Patrice de MacMahon

(1873–1879)

8  |  | Ernest Courtot de Cissey
(1810–1882) | • | 22 May 1874  | 10 March 1875  |  | Monarchist
9  |  | Louis Buffet
(1818–1898) | • | 10 March 1875  | 23 February 1876  |  | Monarchist
6  |  | Jules Armand Dufaure
(1798–1881) | 3 | 23 February 1876  | 12 December 1876  |  | Opportunist Republicans

10  |  | Jules Simon
(1814–1896) | • | 12 December 1876  | 17 May 1877  |  | Opportunist Republicans  | I (1876)
7  |  | Albert, duc de Broglie
(1821–1901) | 3 | 17 May 1877  | 23 November 1877  |  | Monarchist
11  |  | Gaëtan de Rochebouët
(1813–1899) | • | 23 November 1877  | 13 December 1877  |  | Monarchist  | II (1877)
6  |  | Jules Armand Dufaure
(1798–1881) | 5 | 13 December 1877  | 4 February 1879  |  | Opportunist Republicans
12  |  | William Waddington
(1826–1894) | • | 4 February 1879  | 28 December 1879  |  | Opportunist Republicans  | 4  | Jules Grévy

(1879–1887)
13  |  | Charles de Freycinet
(1828–1923) | 1 | 28 December 1879  | 23 September 1880  |  | Opportunist Republicans
14  |  | Jules Ferry
(1832–1893) | 1 | 23 September 1880  | 14 November 1881  |  | Opportunist Republicans
15  |  | Léon Gambetta
(1838–1882) | • | 14 November 1881  | 30 January 1882  |  | Opportunist Republicans  | III (1881)
13  |  | Charles de Freycinet
(1828–1923) | 2 | 30 January 1882  | 7 August 1882  |  | Opportunist Republicans
16  |  | Charles Duclerc
(1812–1888) | • | 7 August 1882  | 29 January 1883  |  | Opportunist Republicans
17  |  | Armand Fallières
(1841–1931) | • | 29 January 1883  | 21 February 1883  |  | Opportunist Republicans
14  |  | Jules Ferry
(1832–1893) | 2 | 21 February 1883  | 6 April 1885  |  | Opportunist Republicans
18  |  | Henri Brisson
(1835–1912) | 1 | 6 April 1885  | 7 January 1886  |  | Radical Republicans
13  |  | Charles de Freycinet
(1828–1923) | 3 | 7 January 1886  | 16 December 1886  |  | Opportunist Republicans  | IV (1885)
19  |  | René Goblet
(1828–1905) | • | 16 December 1886  | 30 May 1887  |  | Radical Republicans
20  |  | Maurice Rouvier
(1842–1911) | 1 | 30 May 1887  | 12 December 1887  |  | Opportunist Republicans
21  |  | Pierre Tirard
(1827–1893) | 1 | 12 December 1887  | 3 April 1888  |  | Opportunist Republicans  | 5  | Sadi Carnot

(1887–1894)
22  |  | Charles Floquet
(1828–1896) | • | 3 April 1888  | 22 February 1889  |  | Opportunist Republicans
21  |  | Pierre Tirard
(1827–1893) | 2 | 22 February 1889  | 17 March 1890  |  | Opportunist Republicans
13  |  | Charles de Freycinet
(1828–1923) | 4 | 17 March 1890  | 27 February 1892  |  | Opportunist Republicans  | V (1889)
23  |  | Émile Loubet
(1838–1929) | • | 27 February 1892  | 6 December 1892  |  | Opportunist Republicans
24  |  | Alexandre Ribot
(1842–1923) | 1 | 6 December 1892  | 4 April 1893  |  | Opportunist Republicans

25  |  | Charles Dupuy
(1851–1923) | 1 | 4 April 1893  | 3 December 1893  |  | Opportunist Republicans
26  |  | Jean Casimir-Perier
(1847–1907) | • | 3 December 1893  | 30 May 1894  |  | Opportunist Republicans  | VI (1893)
25  |  | Charles Dupuy
(1851–1923) | 2 | 30 May 1894  | 26 January 1895  |  | Opportunist Republicans
3 | 6  | Jean Casimir-Perier

(1894–1895)
24  |  | Alexandre Ribot
(1842–1923) | 3 | 26 January 1895  | 1 November 1895  |  | Opportunist Republicans  | 7  | Félix Faure

(1895–1899)
27  |  | Léon Bourgeois
(1851–1925) | • | 1 November 1895  | 29 April 1896  |  | Radical Republicans
28  |  | Jules Méline
(1838–1925) | • | 29 April 1896  | 28 June 1898  |  | Opportunist Republicans
18  |  | Henri Brisson
(1835–1912) | 2 | 28 June 1898  | 1 November 1898  |  | Radical Republicans  | VII (1898)
25  |  | Charles Dupuy
(1851–1923) | 4 | 1 November 1898  | 22 June 1899  |  | Opportunist Republicans
5 |  | Émile Loubet

(1899–1906)
29  |  | Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau
(1846–1904) | • | 22 June 1899  | 7 June 1902  |  | Opportunist Republicans  | 8
30  |  | Émile Combes
(1835–1921) | • | 7 June 1902  | 24 January 1905  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
(Bloc des gauches) | VIII (1902)
20  |  | Maurice Rouvier
(1842–1911) | 2 | 24 January 1905  | 12 March 1906  |  | Democratic Republican Alliance
3 | 9  | Armand Fallières

(1906–1913)
31  |  | Ferdinand Sarrien
(1840–1915) | • | 12 March 1906  | 25 October 1906  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
32  |  | Georges Clemenceau
(1841–1929) | 1 | 25 October 1906  | 24 July 1909  |  | Independent  | IX (1906)
33  |  | Aristide Briand
(1862–1932) | 1 | 24 July 1909  | 2 March 1911  |  | Republican-Socialist Party

34  |  | Ernest Monis
(1846–1929) | • | 2 March 1911  | 27 June 1911  |  | Radical-Socialist Party  | X (1910)
35  |  | Joseph Caillaux
(1863–1944) | • | 27 June 1911  | 21 January 1912  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
36  |  | Raymond Poincaré
(1860–1934) | 1 | 21 January 1912  | 21 January 1913  |  | Republican Democratic Party
33  |  | Aristide Briand
(1862–1932) | 3 | 21 January 1913  | 22 March 1913  |  | Republican-Socialist Party
4 | 10  | Raymond Poincaré

(1913–1920)
37  |  | Louis Barthou
(1862–1934) | • | 22 March 1913  | 9 December 1913  |  | Republican Democratic Party
38  |  | Gaston Doumergue
(1863–1937) | 1 | 9 December 1913  | 9 June 1914  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
24  |  | Alexandre Ribot
(1842–1923) | 4 | 9 June 1914  | 13 June 1914  |  | Republican Federation | XI (1914)
39  |  | René Viviani
(1863–1925) | 1 | 13 June 1914  | 29 October 1915  |  | Republican-Socialist Party

33  |  | Aristide Briand
(1862–1932) | 5 | 29 October 1915  | 20 March 1917  |  | Republican-Socialist Party

24  |  | Alexandre Ribot
(1842–1923) | 5 | 20 March 1917  | 12 September 1917  |  | Republican Federation
40  |  | Paul Painlevé
(1863–1933) | 1 | 12 September 1917  | 16 November 1917  |  | Republican-Socialist Party
32  |  | Georges Clemenceau
(1841–1929) | 2 | 16 November 1917  | 20 January 1920  |  | Independent
41  |  | Alexandre Millerand
(1859–1943) | 1 | 20 January 1920  | 24 September 1920  |  | Independent
(National Bloc) | XII (1919)
2 | 11  | Paul Deschanel

(1920)
42  |  | Georges Leygues
(1857–1933) | • | 24 September 1920  | 16 January 1921  |  | Republican, Democratic and Social Party
(National Bloc) | 12  | Alexandre Millerand

(1920–1924)
33  |  | Aristide Briand
(1862–1932) | 7 | 16 January 1921  | 15 January 1922  |  | Republican-Socialist Party
36  |  | Raymond Poincaré
(1860–1934) | 2 | 15 January 1922  | 8 June 1924  |  | Republican, Democratic and Social Party
(National Bloc)

43  |  | Frédéric François-Marsal
(1874–1958) | • | 8 June 1924  | 15 June 1924  |  | Republican Federation
(National Bloc) | XIII (1924)
45  |  | Édouard Herriot
(1872–1957) | 1 | 15 June 1924  | 17 April 1925  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
(Cartel des Gauches) | 13  | Gaston Doumergue

(1924–1931)
40  |  | Paul Painlevé
(1863–1933) | 2 | 17 April 1925  | 28 November 1925  |  | Republican-Socialist Party
(Cartel des Gauches)

33  |  | Aristide Briand
(1862–1932) | 8 | 28 November 1925  | 20 July 1926  |  | Republican-Socialist Party
(Cartel des Gauches)

45  |  | Édouard Herriot
(1872–1957) | 2 | 20 July 1926  | 23 July 1926  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
(Cartel des Gauches)
36  |  | Raymond Poincaré
(1860–1934) | 4 | 23 July 1926  | 29 July 1929  |  | Democratic Alliance
(National Union)

33  |  | Aristide Briand
(1862–1932) | 11 | 29 July 1929  | 2 November 1929  |  | Republican-Socialist Party  | XIV (1928)
46  |  | André Tardieu
(1876–1945) | 1 | 2 November 1929  | 21 February 1930  |  | Democratic Alliance
47  |  | Camille Chautemps
(1885–1963) | 1 | 21 February 1930  | 2 March 1930  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
46  |  | André Tardieu
(1876–1945) | 2 | 2 March 1930  | 13 December 1930  |  | Democratic Alliance
48  |  | Théodore Steeg
(1868–1950) | • | 13 December 1930  | 27 January 1931  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
49  |  | Pierre Laval
(1883–1945) | 1 | 27 January 1931  | 20 February 1932  |  | Independent
2 | 14  | Paul Doumer

(1931–1932)

46  |  | André Tardieu
(1876–1945) | 3 | 20 February 1932  | 3 June 1932  |  | Democratic Alliance
45  |  | Édouard Herriot
(1872–1957) | 3 | 3 June 1932  | 18 December 1932  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
(Cartel des Gauches)  | XV (1932) | 15  | Albert Lebrun

(1932–1940)
50  |  | Joseph Paul-Boncour
(1873–1972) | • | 18 December 1932  | 31 January 1933  |  | Republican-Socialist Party
(Cartel des Gauches)
51  |  | Édouard Daladier
(1884–1970) | 1 | 31 January 1933  | 26 October 1933  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
(Cartel des Gauches)
52  |  | Albert Sarraut
(1872–1962) | 1 | 26 October 1933  | 26 November 1933  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
(Cartel des Gauches)
47  |  | Camille Chautemps
(1885–1963) | 2 | 26 November 1933  | 30 January 1934  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
(Cartel des Gauches)
51  |  | Édouard Daladier
(1884–1970) | 2 | 30 January 1934  | 9 February 1934  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
(Cartel des Gauches)
38  |  | Gaston Doumergue
(1863–1937) | 2 | 9 February 1934  | 8 November 1934  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
53  |  | Pierre-Étienne Flandin
(1889–1958) | 1 | 8 November 1934  | 1 June 1935  |  | Democratic Alliance
54  |  | Fernand Bouisson
(1874-1959) | • | 1 June 1935  | 7 June 1935  |  | Independent
49  |  | Pierre Laval
(1883–1945) | 4 | 7 June 1935  | 24 January 1936  |  | Independent
52  |  | Albert Sarraut
(1872–1962) | 2 | 24 January 1936  | 4 June 1936  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
55  |  | Léon Blum
(1872–1950) | 1 | 4 June 1936  | 22 June 1937  |  | French Section of the Workers' International
(Popular Front) | XVI (1936)
47  |  | Camille Chautemps
(1885–1963) | 3 | 22 June 1937  | 13 March 1938  |  | Radical-Socialist Party
(Popular Front)

55  |  | Léon Blum
(1872–1950) | 2 | 13 March 1938  | 10 April 1938  |  | French Section of the Workers' International
(Popular Front)
51  |  | Édouard Daladier
(1884–1970) | 3 | 10 April 1938  | 21 March 1940  |  | Radical-Socialist Party

56  |  | Paul Reynaud
(1878–1966) | • | 21 March 1940  | 16 June 1940  |  | Democratic Alliance
57  |  | Philippe Pétain
(1856–1951) | • | 16 June 1940  | 11 July 1940  |  | Independent

### French State (1940–1944)

[edit]

Main article: Vichy France

Until 1942, Marshal Philippe Pétain served as Chief of State and nominal President of the Council of Ministers. From 1942, Pétain remained Chief of State, but Pierre Laval was named Chief of the Government.

#### Vice-Presidents of the Council of Ministers

[edit]

Vice-president of the Council of Ministers
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party  | Legislature
(Election) | Chief of State
(Term)

|
|
|
|

49  |  | Pierre Laval
(1883–1945) | 5 | 11 July 1940  | 13 December 1940  |  | Révolution nationale | None  |  | Philippe Pétain

(1940–1944)
53  |  | Pierre-Étienne Flandin
(1889–1958) | 2 | 13 December 1940  | 9 February 1941
58  |  | François Darlan
(1881–1942) | • | 9 February 1941  | 18 April 1942

#### Chief of the Government

[edit]

Chief of the Government
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party  | Legislature
(Election) | Chief of State
(Term)

|
|
|
|

49  |  | Pierre Laval
(1883–1945) | 6 | 18 April 1942  | 19 August 1944  |  | Révolution nationale | None  |  | Philippe Pétain

(1940–1944)

### Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946)

[edit]

Main article: Provisional Government of the French Republic

#### Chairmen of the Provisional Government

[edit]

Chairman of the Provisional Government
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party
(Political coalition) | Legislature
(Election)

|
|
|

59  |  | Charles de Gaulle
(1890–1970) | 1 | 3 June 1944  | 26 January 1946  |  | Independent  | Provisional
2 | I
(1945)
60  |  | Félix Gouin
(1884–1977) | • | 26 January 1946  | 24 June 1946  |  | French Section of the Workers' International
(Tripartisme)
61  |  | Georges Bidault
(1899–1983) | 1 | 24 June 1946  | 16 December 1946  |  | Popular Republican Movement
(Tripartisme) | II
(June 1946)
–  |  | Vincent Auriol
(1884–1966)
(interim) | –  | 28 November 1946  | 16 December 1946  |  | French Section of the Workers' International
(Tripartisme) | IV Rep.

(Nov 1946)
62  |  | Léon Blum
(1872–1950) | 3 | 16 December 1946  | 22 January 1947  |  | French Section of the Workers' International
(Tripartisme)

### Fourth French Republic (1946–1958)

[edit]

Main article: Fourth French Republic

#### Presidents of the Council of Ministers

[edit]

President of the Council of Ministers
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party
(Political coalition) | Legislature
(Election) | President
(Term)

|
|
|
|

63  |  | Paul Ramadier
(1888–1961) | 1 | 22 January 1947  | 24 November 1947  |  | French Section of the Workers' International
(Tripartisme) | I (Nov.1946) | 16  | Vincent Auriol

(1947–1954)

65  |  | Robert Schuman
(1886–1963) | 1 | 24 November 1947  | 24 July 1948  |  | Popular Republican Movement
(Third Force)
66  |  | André Marie
(1897–1974) | • | 24 July 1948  | 2 September 1948  |  | Radical Party
(Third Force)
65  |  | Robert Schuman
(1886–1963) | 2 | 2 September 1948  | 11 September 1948  |  | Popular Republican Movement
(Third Force)
67  |  | Henri Queuille
(1884–1970) | 1 | 11 September 1948  | 28 October 1949  |  | Radical Party
(Third Force)
61  |  | Georges Bidault
(1899–1983) | 2 | 28 October 1949  | 2 July 1950  |  | Popular Republican Movement
(Third Force)

67  |  | Henri Queuille
(1884–1970) | 2 | 2 July 1950  | 12 July 1950  |  | Radical Party
(Third Force)
68  |  | René Pleven
(1901–1993) | 1 | 12 July 1950  | 10 March 1951  |  | Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
(Third Force)
67  |  | Henri Queuille
(1884–1970) | 3 | 10 March 1951  | 11 August 1951  |  | Radical Party
(Third Force)
68  |  | René Pleven
(1901–1993) | 2 | 11 August 1951  | 20 January 1952  |  | Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
(Third Force) | II (1951)
69  |  | Edgar Faure
(1908–1988) | 1 | 20 January 1952  | 8 March 1952  |  | Radical Party
70  |  | Antoine Pinay
(1891–1994) | • | 8 March 1952  | 8 January 1953  |  | National Centre of Independents and Peasants
71  |  | René Mayer
(1895–1972) | • | 8 January 1953  | 28 June 1953  |  | Radical Party
72  |  | Joseph Laniel
(1889–1975) | 1 | 28 June 1953  | 19 June 1954  |  | National Centre of Independents and Peasants
2 | 17  | René Coty

(1954–1959)
73  |  | Pierre Mendès France
(1907–1982) | • | 19 June 1954  | 17 February 1955  |  | Radical Party
69  |  | Edgar Faure
(1908–1988) | 2 | 17 February 1955  | 1 February 1956  |  | Radical Party
75  |  | Guy Mollet
(1905–1975) | • | 1 February 1956  | 13 June 1957  |  | French Section of the Workers' International
(Republican Front) | III (1956)
76  |  | Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury
(1914–1993) | • | 13 June 1957  | 6 November 1957  |  | Radical Party
(Republican Front)
77  |  | Felix Gaillard
(1919-1970) | • | 6 November 1957  | 14 May 1958  |  | Radical Party
(Republican Front)
78  |  | Pierre Pflimlin
(1907–2000) | • | 14 May 1958  | 1 June 1958  |  | Popular Republican Movement
59  |  | Charles de Gaulle
(1890–1970) | 3 | 1 June 1958  | 8 January 1959  |  | Union for the New Republic

## 20th century – 21st century

[edit]

### Fifth French Republic (since 1958)

[edit]

Main article: Fifth French Republic

#### Prime Ministers

[edit]

S. No.  | Portrait  | Prime Minister
(Lifespan) | Term of office  | Political party
(Political coalition) | Government  | Legislature
(Election) | President
(Term)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Term of office  | Time in office
79  |  | Michel Debré
(1912–1996) | 8 January 1959  | 14 April 1962  | 3 years, 96 days  |  | Union for the New Republic | Debré [fr] | I
(1958) | 18  | Charles de Gaulle

(1959–1969)
80  |  | Georges Pompidou
(1911–1974) | 14 April 1962  | 7 December 1962  | 6 years, 87 days  |  | Union for the New Republic | Pompidou I [fr]
7 December 1962  | 8 January 1966  | Pompidou II [fr] | II
(1962)
8 January 1966  | 7 April 1967  | Pompidou III [fr]
7 April 1967  | 10 July 1968  | Pompidou IV [fr] | III
(1967)
81  |  | Maurice Couve de Murville
(1907–1999) | 10 July 1968  | 20 June 1969  | 345 days  |  | Union of Democrats for the Republic | Couve de Murville [fr] | IV
(1968)
82  |  | Jacques Chaban-Delmas
(1915–2000) | 20 June 1969  | 5 July 1972  | 3 years, 15 days  |  | Union of Democrats for the Republic | Chaban-Delmas [fr] | 19  | Georges Pompidou

(1969–1974)

83  |  | Pierre Messmer
(1916–2007) | 5 July 1972  | 5 April 1973  | 1 year, 326 days  |  | Union of Democrats for the Republic | Messmer I [fr]
5 April 1973  | 1 March 1974  | Messmer II [fr] | V
(1973)
1 March 1974  | 27 May 1974  | Messmer III [fr]
84  |  | Jacques Chirac
(1932–2019) | 27 May 1974  | 25 August 1976  | 2 years, 90 days  |  | Union of Democrats for the Republic | Chirac I [fr] | 20  | Valéry Giscard d'Estaing

(1974–1981)
85  |  | Raymond Barre
(1924–2007) | 25 August 1976  | 30 March 1977  | 4 years, 269 days  |  | Miscellaneous right
(Union for French Democracy) | Barre I [fr]
30 March 1977  | 5 April 1978  | Barre II [fr]
5 April 1978  | 21 May 1981  | Barre III [fr] | VI
(1978)
86  |  | Pierre Mauroy
(1928–2013) | 21 May 1981  | 23 June 1981  | 3 years, 57 days  |  | Socialist Party | Mauroy I [fr] | 21  | François Mitterrand

(1981–1995)
23 June 1981  | 22 March 1983  | Mauroy II [fr] | VII
(1981)
22 March 1983  | 17 July 1984  | Mauroy III [fr]
87  |  | Laurent Fabius
(b. 1946) | 17 July 1984  | 20 March 1986  | 1 year, 246 days  |  | Socialist Party | Fabius [fr]
(84)  |  | Jacques Chirac
(1932–2019) | 20 March 1986  | 10 May 1988  | 2 years, 51 days  |  | Rally for the Republic | Chirac II [fr] | VIII
(1986)
88  |  | Michel Rocard
(1930–2016) | 10 May 1988  | 28 June 1988  | 3 years, 5 days  |  | Socialist Party | Rocard I
28 June 1988  | 15 May 1991  | Rocard II | IX
(1988)
89  |  | Édith Cresson
(b. 1934) | 15 May 1991  | 2 April 1992  | 323 days  |  | Socialist Party | Cresson [fr]
90  |  | Pierre Bérégovoy
(1925–1993) | 2 April 1992  | 29 March 1993  | 361 days  |  | Socialist Party | Bérégovoy [fr]
91  |  | Édouard Balladur
(b. 1929) | 29 March 1993  | 17 May 1995  | 2 years, 49 days  |  | Rally for the Republic | Balladur [fr] | X
(1993)
92  |  | Alain Juppé
(b. 1945) | 17 May 1995  | 7 November 1995  | 2 years, 16 days  |  | Rally for the Republic | Juppé I [fr] | 22  | Jacques Chirac

(1995–2007)
7 November 1995  | 2 June 1997  | Juppé II [fr]
93  |  | Lionel Jospin
(b. 1937) | 2 June 1997  | 6 May 2002  | 4 years, 338 days  |  | Socialist Party | Jospin | XI
(1997)
94  |  | Jean-Pierre Raffarin
(b. 1948) | 6 May 2002  | 17 June 2002  | 3 years, 25 days  |  | Liberal Democracy,
later Union for a Popular Movement | Raffarin I [fr]
17 June 2002  | 31 March 2004  | Raffarin II [fr] | XII
(2002)
31 March 2004  | 31 May 2005  | Raffarin III [fr]
95  |  | Dominique de Villepin
(b. 1953) | 31 May 2005  | 17 May 2007  | 1 year, 351 days  |  | Union for a Popular Movement | Villepin [fr]
96  |  | François Fillon
(b. 1954) | 17 May 2007  | 19 June 2007  | 4 years, 364 days  |  | Union for a Popular Movement | Fillon I [fr] | 23  | Nicolas Sarkozy

(2007–2012)
19 June 2007  | 14 November 2010  | Fillon II [fr] | XIII
(2007)
14 November 2010  | 15 May 2012  | Fillon III
97  |  | Jean-Marc Ayrault
(b. 1950) | 15 May 2012  | 21 June 2012  | 1 year, 320 days  |  | Socialist Party | Ayrault I | 24  | François Hollande

(2012–2017)
21 June 2012  | 31 March 2014  | Ayrault II | XIV
(2012)
98  |  | Manuel Valls
(b. 1962) | 31 March 2014  | 26 August 2014  | 2 years, 250 days  |  | Socialist Party | Valls I
26 August 2014  | 6 December 2016  | Valls II
99  |  | Bernard Cazeneuve
(b. 1963) | 6 December 2016  | 15 May 2017  | 160 days  |  | Socialist Party | Cazeneuve
100  |  | Édouard Philippe
(b. 1970) | 15 May 2017  | 21 June 2017  | 3 years, 49 days  |  | The Republicans,
later Independent | Philippe I | 25  | Emmanuel Macron

(2017–present)

21 June 2017  | 3 July 2020  | Philippe II | XV
(2017)
101  |  | Jean Castex
(b. 1965) | 3 July 2020  | 16 May 2022  | 1 year, 317 days  |  | Independent | Castex
102  |  | Élisabeth Borne
(b. 1961) | 16 May 2022  | 4 July 2022  | 1 year, 238 days  |  | Renaissance[a] | Borne I
4 July 2022  | 9 January 2024  | Borne II | XVI
(2022)
103  |  | Gabriel Attal
(b. 1989) | 9 January 2024  | 5 September 2024  | 240 days  | Renaissance | Attal
104  |  | Michel Barnier
(b. 1951) | 5 September 2024  | 13 December 2024  | 99 days  |  | The Republicans | Barnier | XVII
(2024)
105  |  | François Bayrou
(b. 1951) | 13 December 2024  | Incumbent  | 130 days  |  | Democratic Movement | Bayrou

## Timeline

[edit]

### Executive Prime Ministers (1814 ― 1959)

[edit]

### Non-executive Prime Ministers (since 1959)

[edit]

## See also

[edit]

* Chief Minister of France
* History of France
* List of presidents of France
* Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs
* Politics of France
* President of France

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Renamed from La République En Marche! in September 2022

## External links

[edit]

* List on the website of the French Prime Minister (in French)

* v
* t
* e

Heads of government of France

Restoration|

* Talleyrand
* Richelieu
* Dessolles
* Decazes
* Richelieu
* Villèle
* Martignac
* Polignac

July Monarchy|

* V. de Broglie
* Laffitte
* Perier
* Soult
* Gérard
* Maret
* Mortier
* V. de Broglie
* Thiers
* Molé
* Soult
* Thiers
* Soult
* Guizot
* Molé

Second Republic|

* Dupont de l'Eure
* Arago
* Cavaignac
* Barrot
* Hautpoul
* Faucher

Second Empire|

* Ollivier
* Cousin-Montauban

Government of
National Defense|

* Trochu

Third Republic|

* Dufaure
* A. de Broglie
* Cissey
* Buffet
* Dufaure
* Simon
* A. de Broglie
* Rochebouët
* Dufaure
* Waddington
* Freycinet
* Ferry
* Gambetta
* Freycinet
* Duclerc
* Fallières
* Ferry
* Brisson
* Freycinet
* Goblet
* Rouvier
* Floquet
* Tirard
* Freycinet
* Loubet
* Ribot
* Dupuy
* Casimir-Perier
* Dupuy
* Ribot
* Bourgeois
* Méline
* Brisson
* Dupuy
* Waldeck-Rousseau
* Combes
* Rouvier
* Sarrien
* Clemenceau
* Briand
* Monis
* Caillaux
* Poincaré
* Briand
* Barthou
* Doumergue
* Ribot
* Viviani
* Briand
* Ribot
* Painlevé
* Clemenceau
* Millerand
* Leygues
* Briand
* Poincaré
* François-Marsal
* Herriot
* Painlevé
* Briand
* Herriot
* Poincaré
* Briand
* Tardieu
* Chautemps
* Tardieu
* Steeg
* Laval
* Tardieu
* Herriot
* Paul-Boncour
* Daladier
* Sarraut
* Chautemps
* Daladier
* Doumergue
* Flandin
* Bouisson
* Laval
* Sarraut
* Blum
* Chautemps
* Blum
* Daladier
* Reynaud
* Pétain

Vichy France|

* Pétain
* Laval
* Flandin
* Darlan
* Laval

Provisional
Government|

* De Gaulle
* Gouin
* Bidault
* Blum

Fourth Republic|

* Ramadier
* Schuman
* Marie
* Schuman
* Queuille
* Bidault
* Queuille
* Pleven
* Queuille
* Pleven
* Faure
* Pinay
* Mayer
* Laniel
* Mendès France
* Faure
* Mollet
* Bourgès-Maunoury
* Gaillard
* Pflimlin
* De Gaulle

Fifth Republic|

* De Gaulle
* Debré
* Pompidou
* Couve de Murville
* Chaban-Delmas
* Messmer
* Chirac
* Barre
* Mauroy
* Fabius
* Chirac
* Rocard
* Cresson
* Bérégovoy
* Balladur
* Juppé
* Jospin
* Raffarin
* Villepin
* Fillon
* Ayrault
* Valls
* Cazeneuve
* Philippe
* Castex
* Borne
* Attal
* Barnier
* Bayrou

Related|

* Chief minister of France (pre-Revolution)
* Deputy Prime Minister (defunct)

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