List of prime ministers of Italy

* Top left: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour was the first prime minister of the Kingdom of Italy.
* Top right: Benito Mussolini was the longest-serving prime minister in Italian history.
* Bottom left: Silvio Berlusconi was the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic.
* Bottom right: Giorgia Meloni is the current prime minister of Italy as well as the first woman to hold the office.

The prime minister of Italy is the head of the Council of Ministers, which holds effective executive power in the Italian government.[1][2] The first officeholder was Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the unification of Italy.[3] Cavour previously served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, an office from which the Italian prime minister took most of its powers and duties.[4] During the monarchy period, prime ministers were appointed by the king of Italy, as laid down in the Albertine Statute.[5] From 1925 until the fall of his regime in 1943, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State".[6] From 1861 to 1946, 30 men served as prime ministers, leading 67 governments in total.[7]

After the abolition of the Kingdom of Italy in 1946 and the proclamation of the Italian Republic, the office was established by Articles 92 through 96 of the Constitution of Italy. Alcide De Gasperi is the only prime minister who has held this position both in the Kingdom of Italy and in the Republic of Italy.

The prime minister is appointed by the President of the Republic and must receive a confidence vote by both houses of Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.[8] From 1946 to 2022, in the first 76 years after the creation of the Republic, 30 men served as prime ministers.[9][10] The current officeholder is Giorgia Meloni, who was appointed on 22 October 2022, becoming the first woman to hold this office.[11][12]

The longest-serving prime minister in the history of Italy was Benito Mussolini, who ruled the country from 1922 until 1943;[13] the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Silvio Berlusconi, who held the position for more than nine years between 1994 and 2011.[14] The shortest-serving officeholder was Tommaso Tittoni, who served as prime minister for only 16 days in 1905,[15] while the shortest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Fernando Tambroni, who governed for 123 days in 1960.[16]

## Prime ministers of Italy

[edit]

### Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

[edit]

Parties:[a]

1861–1912:
Historical Right
Historical Left
Military
1912–1922:
Liberals / Italian Liberal Party
Italian Radical Party
Italian Reformist Socialist Party

1922–1943:
National Fascist Party

1943–1946:
Labour Democratic Party
Action Party
Christian Democracy
Military

Coalitions:[b]

1861–1912:
Rightist coalition
Leftist coalition
Mixed coalition

1912–1922:
Liberal coalition

1922–1943:
Fascist government
1943–1946:
National Liberation Committee
Mixed coalition

Acronyms and abbreviations:

*     * Right: Historical Right
* Left: Historical Left
* PSI/PSIUP: Italian Socialist Party
* PR: Italian Radical Party
* PL: Liberals
* PRI: Italian Republican Party
* UECI: Italian Catholic Electoral Union
* PSRI: Italian Reformist Socialist Party
* PLDI: Italian Democratic Liberal Party
* PPI: Italian People's Party
* DS: Social Democracy
* PLI: Italian Liberal Party
* PA: Agrarian Party
* PNF: National Fascist Party
* ANI: Italian Nationalist Association
* DC: Christian Democracy
* PCI: Italian Communist Party
* PdA: Action Party
* PDL: Labour Democratic Party

Symbols:
† Died in office

Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) Portrait  | Name
(Birth–Death) | Term of office  | Party  | Government  | Composition  | Legislature
(Election) | Monarch
(Reign) | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Took office  | Left office  | Time in office
| Count
Camillo Benso di Cavour
(1810–1861) | 23 March
1861  | 6 June
1861†  | 75 days  |  | Historical Right | Cavour IV[c] | Right | VIII[c]
(1861)  | Victor Emmanuel II[c]

(1861–1878) | [17]
| Baron
Bettino Ricasoli
(1809–1880) | 12 June
1861  | 3 March
1862  | 264 days  |  | Historical Right | Ricasoli I | Right | [18]
| Urbano Rattazzi
(1808–1873) | 3 March
1862  | 8 December
1862 | 280 days  |  | Historical Left | Rattazzi I | Right • Left | [19]
| Luigi Carlo Farini
(1812–1866) | 8 December
1862 | 24 March
1863  | 106 days  |  | Historical Right | Farini | Right | [20]
| Marco Minghetti
(1818–1886) | 24 March
1863  | 28 September
1864  | 1 year, 188 days  |  | Historical Right | Minghetti I | Right | [21]
| General
Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora
(1804–1878) | 28 September
1864  | 31 December
1865  | 1 year, 265 days  |  | Military | La Marmora II | Right | [22]
[23]
31 December
1865  | 20 June
1866  | La Marmora III | IX
(1865)
| Baron
Bettino Ricasoli
(1809–1880) | 20 June
1866  | 10 April
1867  | 294 days  |  | Historical Right | Ricasoli II | Right • Left | [24]
| Urbano Rattazzi
(1808–1873) | 10 April
1867  | 27 October
1867  | 200 days  |  | Historical Left | Rattazzi II | Right • Left | X
(1867)  | [25]
| Count
Luigi Federico Menabrea
(1809–1896) | 27 October
1867  | 5 January
1868  | 2 years, 48 days  |  | Historical Right | Menabrea I | Right | [26]
[27]
[28]
5 January
1868  | 13 May
1869  | Menabrea II
13 May
1869  | 14 December
1869  | Menabrea III
| Giovanni Lanza
(1810–1882) | 14 December
1869  | 10 July
1873  | 3 years, 208 days  |  | Historical Right | Lanza | Right | XI
(1870)  | [29]
| Marco Minghetti
(1818–1886) | 10 July
1873  | 25 March
1876  | 2 years, 259 days  |  | Historical Right | Minghetti II | Right | XII
(1874)  | [30]
| Agostino Depretis
(1813–1887) | 25 March
1876  | 25 December
1877  | 1 year, 364 days  |  | Historical Left | Depretis I | Left | XIII
(1876)  | [31]
[32]
26 December
1877  | 24 March
1878  | Depretis II | Umberto I

(1878–1900)
| Benedetto Cairoli
(1825–1889) | 24 March
1878  | 19 December
1878  | 270 days  |  | Historical Left | Cairoli I | Left | [33]
| Agostino Depretis
(1813–1887) | 19 December
1878  | 14 July
1879  | 214 days  |  | Historical Left | Depretis III | Left | [34]
| Benedetto Cairoli
(1825–1889) | 14 July
1879  | 25 November
1879  | 1 year, 319 days  |  | Historical Left | Cairoli II | Left | [35]
[36]
25 November
1879  | 29 May
1881  | Cairoli III | XIV
(1880)
| Agostino Depretis
(1813–1887) | 29 May
1881  | 25 May
1883  | 6 years, 61 days  |  | Historical Left | Depretis IV | Left | [37]
[38]
[39]
[40]
[41]
25 May
1883  | 30 March
1884  | Depretis V | XV
(1882)
30 March
1884  | 29 June
1885  | Depretis VI
29 June
1885  | 4 April
1887  | Depretis VII | XVI
(1886)
4 April
1887  | 29 July
1887†  | Depretis VIII
| Francesco Crispi
(1818–1901) | 29 July
1887  | 9 March
1889  | 3 years, 192 days  |  | Historical Left | Crispi I | Left | [42]
[43]
9 March
1889  | 6 February
1891  | Crispi II | XVII
(1890)
| Marquess
Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
(1839–1908) | 6 February
1891  | 15 May
1892  | 1 year, 99 days  |  | Historical Right | Di Rudinì I | Left • Right | [44]
| Giovanni Giolitti
(1842–1928) | 15 May
1892  | 15 December
1893  | 1 year, 214 days  |  | Historical Left | Giolitti I | Left | XVIII
(1892)  | [45]
| Francesco Crispi
(1818–1901) | 15 December
1893  | 14 June
1894  | 2 years, 86 days  |  | Historical Left | Crispi III | Left • Right | [46]
[47]
14 June
1894  | 10 March
1896  | Crispi IV | XIX
(1895)
| Marquess
Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
(1839–1908) | 10 March
1896  | 11 July
1896  | 2 years, 111 days  |  | Historical Right | Di Rudinì II | Left • Right | [48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
11 July
1896  | 14 December
1897  | Di Rudinì III
14 December
1897  | 1 June
1898  | Di Rudinì IV | XX
(1897)
1 June
1898  | 29 June
1898  | Di Rudinì V
| General
Luigi Pelloux
(1839–1924) | 29 June
1898  | 14 May
1899  | 1 year, 360 days  |  | Military | Pelloux I | Left • Right | [52]
[53]
14 May
1899  | 24 June
1900  | Pelloux II
| Giuseppe Saracco
(1821–1907) | 24 June
1900  | 15 February
1901  | 236 days  |  | Historical Left | Saracco | Left • Right | XXI
(1900)  | Victor Emmanuel III

(1900–1946) | [54]
| Giuseppe Zanardelli
(1826–1903) | 15 February
1901  | 3 November
1903  | 2 years, 261 days  |  | Historical Left | Zanardelli | Left • Right | [55]
| Giovanni Giolitti
(1842–1928) | 3 November
1903  | 12 March
1905  | 1 year, 129 days  |  | Historical Left | Giolitti II | Left • Right | XXII
(1904)  | [56]
| Tommaso Tittoni
(1855–1931) | 12 March
1905  | 28 March
1905  | 16 days  |  | Historical Right | Tittoni | Left • Right | [57]
| Alessandro Fortis
(1842–1909) | 28 March
1905  | 24 December
1905  | 317 days  |  | Historical Left | Fortis I | Left • Right | [58]
[59]
24 December
1905  | 8 February
1906  | Fortis II
| Baron
Sidney Sonnino
(1847–1922) | 8 February
1906  | 29 May
1906  | 110 days  |  | Historical Right | Sonnino I | Left • Right • PR | [60]
| Giovanni Giolitti
(1842–1928) | 29 May
1906  | 11 December
1909  | 3 years, 196 days  |  | Historical Left | Giolitti III | Left • Right | [61]
| Baron
Sidney Sonnino
(1847–1922) | 11 December
1909  | 31 March
1910  | 110 days  |  | Historical Right | Sonnino II | Left • Right | XXIII
(1909)  | [62]
| Luigi Luzzatti
(1841–1927) | 31 March
1910  | 30 March
1911  | 364 days  |  | Historical Right | Luzzatti | Left • Right • PR | [63]
| Giovanni Giolitti
(1842–1928) | 30 March
1911  | 21 March
1914  | 2 years, 356 days  |  | Liberals | Giolitti IV | PL • PR | [64]
| Antonio Salandra
(1853–1931) | 21 March
1914  | 5 November
1914  | 2 years, 89 days  |  | Liberals | Salandra I | PL | XXIV
(1913)  | [65]
[66]
5 November
1914  | 18 June
1916  | Salandra II | PL • PRI
| Paolo Boselli
(1838–1932) | 18 June
1916  | 30 October
1917  | 1 year, 134 days  |  | Liberals | Boselli | PL • PR • UECI • PSRI | [67]
| Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
(1860–1952) | 30 October
1917  | 23 June
1919  | 1 year, 236 days  |  | Liberals | Orlando | PL • PR • UECI • PSRI | [68]
| Francesco Saverio Nitti
(1868–1953) | 23 June
1919  | 21 May
1920  | 358 days  |  | Italian Radical Party | Nitti I | PL • PLDI • PR • PSRI • PPI | [69]
[70]
21 May
1920  | 15 June
1920  | Nitti II | PL • PLDI • PPI • PR | XXV
(1919)
| Giovanni Giolitti
(1842–1928) | 15 June
1920  | 4 July
1921  | 1 year, 19 days  |  | Liberals | Giolitti V | PL • PLDI • PPI • DS • PR • PSRI | [71]
| Ivanoe Bonomi
(1873–1951) | 4 July
1921  | 26 February
1922  | 237 days  |  | Italian Reformist Socialist Party | Bonomi I | PPI • PL • PLDI • DS • PSRI | XXVI
(1921)  | [72]
| Luigi Facta
(1861–1930) | 26 February
1922  | 1 August
1922  | 247 days  |  | Liberals /
Italian Liberal Party | Facta I | PPI • PLI • PLDI • DS • PSRI • PA | [73]
[74]
1 August
1922  | 31 October
1922  | Facta II | PPI • PLI • PLDI • DS • PSRI
| Duce
Benito Mussolini
(1883–1945) | 31 October
1922  | 25 July
1943  | 20 years, 267 days  |  | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | PPI • PLI • DS • PNF • ANI | [75]
PNF | XXVII
(1924)
XXVIII
(1929)
XXIX
(1934)
XXX
(no election)
| Marshal
Pietro Badoglio
(1871–1956) | 25 July
1943  | 24 April
1944  | 329 days  |  | Military | Badoglio I | Independents | Parliament abolished | [76]
[77]
24 April
1944  | 18 June
1944  | Badoglio II | CLN
DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL
| Ivanoe Bonomi
(1873–1951) | 18 June
1944  | 12 December
1944  | 1 year, 3 days  |  | Labour Democratic Party | Bonomi II | CLN
DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL | [78]
[79]
12 December
1944  | 21 June
1945  | Bonomi III | CLN
DC • PCI • PLI • PDL
| Ferruccio Parri
(1890–1981) | 21 June
1945  | 10 December
1945  | 172 days  |  | Action Party | Parri | CLN
DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL | National Council | [80]
| Alcide De Gasperi
(1881–1954) | 10 December
1945  | 13 July
1946  | 212 days  |  | Christian Democracy | De Gasperi I | CLN
DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL | Umberto II

(1946) | [81]

1. ^ Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
2. ^ Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
3. ^ a b c After the Italian unification, the regnal number of King Victor Emmanuel, as well as the numbering for governments and legislatures, were taken in continuation with the corresponding numbers in the Kingdom of Sardinia.

### Prime ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)

[edit]

Parties:[a]

1946–1994:
Christian Democracy
Italian Republican Party
Italian Socialist Party
Independent

1994–present:
Forza Italia / The People of Freedom
Democrats of the Left
Democratic Party
Brothers of Italy
Independent

Coalitions:[b]

1946–1994:
National Liberation Committee
Centrist coalition
Organic centre-left
Pentapartito / Quadripartito
Mixed coalition

1994–present:
Centre-right coalition
Centre-left coalition
Mixed coalition

Acronyms and abbreviations:

*     * DC: Christian Democracy
* PSI/PSIUP: Italian Socialist Party
* PCI: Italian Communist Party
* PRI: Italian Republican Party
* PDL: Labour Democratic Party
* PSDI: Italian Democratic Socialist Party
* PLI: Italian Liberal Party
* PDS: Democratic Party of the Left
* FdV: Federation of the Greens
* FI: Forza Italia
* LN: Northern League
* AN: National Alliance
* CCD: Christian Democratic Centre
* UdC: Union of the Centre (1993)
* PPI: Italian People's Party
* RI: Italian Renewal
* UD: Democratic Union
* PRC: Communist Refoundation Party
* DS: Democrats of the Left
* SDI: Italian Democratic Socialists
* PdCI: Party of Italian Communists
* UDR: Democratic Union for the Republic
* Dem: The Democrats
* UDEUR: Union of Democrats for Europe
* UDC: Union of the Centre (2002)
* NPSI: New Italian Socialist Party
* DL: The Daisy
* RnP: Rose in the Fist
* IdV: Italy of Values
* PdL: The People of Freedom
* PD: Democratic Party
* FLI: Future and Freedom
* NCD: New Centre-Right
* SC: Civic Choice
* PpI: Populars for Italy
* RI: Italian Radicals
* AP: Popular Alternative
* CpE: Centrists for Europe
* M5S: Five Star Movement
* Lega: League
* Art.1: Article One
* IV: Italia Viva
* IpF: Together for the Future
* A: Action
* FdI: Brothers of Italy

Prime Ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present) Portrait  | Name
(Birth–Death) | Term of office  | Party  | Government  | Composition  | Legislature
(Election) | President
(Tenure) | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Took office  | Left office  | Time in office
| Alcide De Gasperi
(1881–1954) | 13 July
1946  | 2 February
1947  | 7 years, 35 days  |  | Christian Democracy | De Gasperi II | CLN
DC • PSIUP • PCI • PRI | Constituent
Assembly
(1946)  | Enrico
De Nicola

(1946–1948) | [82]
[83]
[84]
[85]
[86]
[87]
[88]
2 February
1947  | 1 June
1947  | De Gasperi III | CLN
DC • PSI • PCI • PDL
1 June
1947  | 24 May
1948  | De Gasperi IV | Centrism
DC • PSDI • PLI • PRI
24 May
1948  | 27 January
1950  | De Gasperi V | I
(1948)  | Luigi Einaudi

(1948–1955)
27 January
1950  | 26 July
1951  | De Gasperi VI | Centrism
DC • PSDI • PRI
26 July
1951  | 16 July
1953  | De Gasperi VII | Centrism
DC • PRI
16 July
1953  | 17 August
1953  | De Gasperi VIII[c] | DC | II
(1953)
| Giuseppe Pella
(1902–1981) | 17 August
1953  | 19 January
1954  | 155 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Pella | DC | [89]
| Amintore Fanfani
(1908–1999) | 19 January
1954  | 10 February
1954  | 22 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Fanfani I[c] | DC | [90]
| Mario Scelba
(1901–1991) | 10 February
1954  | 6 July
1955  | 1 year, 146 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Scelba | Centrism
DC • PSDI • PLI | [91]
| Antonio Segni
(1891–1972) | 6 July
1955  | 20 May
1957  | 1 year, 318 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Segni I | Centrism
DC • PSDI • PLI | Giovanni
Gronchi

(1955–1962) | [92]
| Adone Zoli
(1887–1960) | 20 May
1957  | 2 July
1958  | 1 year, 43 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Zoli | DC | [93]
| Amintore Fanfani
(1908–1999) | 2 July
1958  | 16 February
1959  | 229 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Fanfani II | Centrism
DC • PSDI | III
(1958)  | [94]
| Antonio Segni
(1891–1972) | 16 February
1959  | 26 March
1960  | 1 year, 39 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Segni II | DC | [95]
| Fernando Tambroni
(1901–1963) | 26 March
1960  | 27 July
1960  | 123 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Tambroni | DC | [96]
| Amintore Fanfani
(1908–1999) | 27 July
1960  | 22 February
1962  | 2 years, 330 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Fanfani III | DC | [97]
[98]
22 February
1962  | 22 June
1963  | Fanfani IV | DC • PSDI • PRI | Antonio Segni

(1962–1964)
| Giovanni Leone
(1908–2001) | 22 June
1963  | 5 December
1963  | 166 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Leone I | DC | IV
(1963)  | [99]
| Aldo Moro
(1916–1978) | 5 December
1963  | 23 July
1964  | 4 years, 203 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Moro I | Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI | [100]
[101]
[102]
23 July
1964  | 24 February
1966  | Moro II | Giuseppe
Saragat

(1964–1971)
24 February
1966  | 25 June
1968  | Moro III
| Giovanni Leone
(1908–2001) | 25 June
1968  | 13 December
1968  | 171 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Leone II | DC | V
(1968)  | [103]
| Mariano Rumor
(1915–1990) | 13 December
1968  | 6 August
1969  | 1 year, 236 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Rumor I | Organic centre-left
DC • PSU • PRI | [104]
[105]
[106]
6 August
1969  | 28 March
1970  | Rumor II | DC
28 March
1970  | 6 August
1970  | Rumor III | Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI
| Emilio Colombo
(1920–2013) | 6 August
1970  | 18 February
1972  | 1 year, 196 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Colombo | Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI | [107]
| Giulio Andreotti
(1919–2013) | 18 February
1972  | 26 June
1972  | 1 year, 140 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Andreotti I[c] | DC | Giovanni
Leone

(1971–1978) | [108]
[109]
26 June
1972  | 8 July
1973  | Andreotti II | DC • PSDI • PLI | VI
(1972)
| Mariano Rumor
(1915–1990) | 8 July
1973  | 15 March
1974  | 1 year, 138 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Rumor IV | Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI | [110]
[111]
15 March
1974  | 23 November
1974  | Rumor V | Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI
| Aldo Moro
(1916–1978) | 23 November
1974  | 12 February
1976  | 1 year, 250 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Moro IV | DC • PRI | [112]
[113]
12 February
1976  | 30 July
1976  | Moro V | DC
| Giulio Andreotti
(1919–2013) | 30 July
1976  | 13 March
1978  | 3 years, 6 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Andreotti III | Historic Compromise
DC | VII
(1976)  | [114]
[115]
[116]
13 March
1978  | 21 March
1979  | Andreotti IV | Sandro Pertini

(1978–1985)
21 March
1979  | 5 August
1979  | Andreotti V[c] | DC • PSDI • PRI
| Francesco Cossiga
(1928–2010) | 5 August
1979  | 4 April
1980  | 1 year, 74 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Cossiga I | DC • PSDI • PLI | VIII
(1979)  | [117]
[118]
4 April
1980  | 18 October
1980  | Cossiga II | Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PRI
| Arnaldo Forlani
(1925–2023) | 18 October
1980  | 28 June
1981  | 253 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Forlani | Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI | [119]
| Giovanni Spadolini
(1925–1994) | 28 June
1981  | 23 August
1982  | 1 year, 156 days  |  | Italian Republican Party | Spadolini I | Pentapartito
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI • PLI | [120]
[121]
23 August
1982  | 1 December
1982  | Spadolini II
| Amintore Fanfani
(1908–1999) | 1 December
1982  | 4 August
1983  | 246 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Fanfani V | DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI | [122]
| Bettino Craxi
(1934–2000) | 4 August
1983  | 1 August
1986  | 3 years, 257 days  |  | Italian Socialist Party | Craxi I | Pentapartito
DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI | IX
(1983)  | [123]
[124]
1 August
1986  | 18 April
1987  | Craxi II | Francesco Cossiga

(1985–1992)
| Amintore Fanfani
(1908–1999) | 18 April
1987  | 29 July
1987  | 102 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Fanfani VI[c] | DC | [98]
| Giovanni Goria
(1943–1994) | 29 July
1987  | 13 April
1988  | 259 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Goria | Pentapartito
DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI | X
(1987)  | [125]
| Ciriaco De Mita
(1928–2022) | 13 April
1988  | 23 July
1989  | 1 year, 101 days  |  | Christian Democracy | De Mita | Pentapartito
DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI | [126]
| Giulio Andreotti
(1919–2013) | 23 July
1989  | 13 April
1991  | 2 years, 341 days  |  | Christian Democracy | Andreotti VI | Pentapartito
DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI | [127]
[128]
13 April
1991  | 28 June
1992  | Andreotti VII | Quadripartito
DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI
| Giuliano Amato
(born 1938) | 28 June
1992  | 28 April
1993  | 304 days  |  | Italian Socialist Party | Amato I | Quadripartito
DC • PSI • PLI • PSDI | XI
(1992)  | Oscar Luigi Scalfaro

(1992–1999) | [129]
| Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
(1920–2016) | 28 April
1993  | 11 May
1994  | 1 year, 13 days  |  | Independent | Ciampi | DC • PSI • PDS[d] • PLI • PRI • PSDI • FdV[d] | [130]
| Silvio Berlusconi
(1936–2023) | 11 May
1994  | 17 January
1995  | 251 days  |  | Forza Italia | Berlusconi I | PdL–PBG
FI • LN • AN • CCD • UdC | XII
(1994)  | [131]
| Lamberto Dini
(born 1931) | 17 January
1995  | 18 May
1996  | 1 year, 122 days  |  | Independent | Dini | Independents | [132]
| Romano Prodi
(born 1939) | 18 May
1996  | 21 October
1998  | 2 years, 156 days  |  | Independent[e] | Prodi I | The Olive Tree
PDS • PPI • RI • FdV • UD | XIII
(1996)  | [133]
| Massimo D'Alema
(born 1949) | 21 October
1998  | 22 December
1999  | 1 year, 188 days  |  | Democrats of the Left | D'Alema I | The Olive Tree
DS • PPI • RI • SDI[f] • FdV • PdCI • UDR[g] • UDEUR[h] • Dem[h] | [134]
[135]
22 December
1999  | 26 April
2000  | D'Alema II | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi

(1999–2006)
| Giuliano Amato
(born 1938) | 26 April
2000  | 11 June
2001  | 1 year, 46 days  |  | Independent[e] | Amato II | The Olive Tree
DS • PPI • Dem • FdV • PdCI • UDEUR • RI • SDI | [136]
| Silvio Berlusconi
(1936–2023) | 11 June
2001  | 23 April
2005  | 4 years, 340 days  |  | Forza Italia | Berlusconi II | House of Freedoms
FI • AN • LN • UDC • NPSI • PRI | XIV
(2001)  | [137]
[138]
23 April
2005  | 17 May
2006  | Berlusconi III
| Romano Prodi
(born 1939) | 17 May
2006  | 8 May
2008  | 1 year, 357 days  |  | Independent /
Democratic Party | Prodi II | The Union
DS[i] • DL[i] • PRC • RnP • PdCI • IdV • FdV • UDEUR • PD[i] | XV
(2006)  | Giorgio Napolitano

(2006–2015) | [139]
| Silvio Berlusconi
(1936–2023) | 8 May
2008  | 16 November
2011  | 3 years, 192 days  |  | The People of Freedom | Berlusconi IV | Centre-right coalition
PdL • LN | XVI
(2008)  | [140]
| Mario Monti
(born 1943) | 16 November
2011  | 28 April
2013  | 1 year, 163 days  |  | Independent | Monti | Independents | [141]
| Enrico Letta
(born 1966) | 28 April
2013  | 22 February
2014  | 300 days  |  | Democratic Party | Letta | Grand coalition
PD • PdL[j] • NCD[k] • SC • PpI • UDC • RI | XVII
(2013)  | [142]
| Matteo Renzi
(born 1975) | 22 February
2014  | 12 December
2016  | 2 years, 294 days  |  | Democratic Party | Renzi | PD • NCD • SC • UDC | [143]
| Paolo Gentiloni
(born 1954) | 12 December
2016  | 1 June
2018  | 1 year, 171 days  |  | Democratic Party | Gentiloni | PD • NCD/AP • CpE | Sergio Mattarella

(2015–present) | [144]
| Giuseppe Conte
(born 1964) | 1 June
2018  | 5 September
2019 | 2 years, 257 days  |  | Independent[l] | Conte I | M5S • Lega | XVIII
(2018)  | [145]
[146]
5 September
2019 | 13 February
2021 | Conte II | M5S • PD • Art.1 • IV[m]
| Mario Draghi
(born 1947) | 13 February
2021  | 22 October
2022  | 1 year, 251 days  |  | Independent | Draghi | M5S • Lega • PD • FI • IpF[n] • IV • Art.1 • A[o] | [147]
| Giorgia Meloni
(born 1977) | 22 October
2022  | Incumbent  | 2 years, 182 days  |  | Brothers of Italy | Meloni | Centre-right coalition
FdI • Lega • FI | XIX
(2022)  | [148]

1. ^ Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
2. ^ Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
3. ^ a b c d e The cabinet did not receive the confidence of the Parliament.
4. ^ a b Until 4 May 1993
5. ^ a b Within The Olive Tree coalition
6. ^ Until December 1999
7. ^ Until February 1999
8. ^ a b From February 1999
9. ^ a b c DS and DL formed the Democratic Party (PD) in October 2007.
10. ^ Until November 2013
11. ^ From November 2013
12. ^ Close to the Five Star Movement
13. ^ From September 2019 to January 2021
14. ^ From June 2022
15. ^ From July 2022

## Timeline

[edit]

### Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

[edit]

### Italian Republic (1946–present)

[edit]

## See also

[edit]

* Deputy Prime Minister of Italy
* Lists of office-holders
* Politics of Italy
* Prime Minister of Italy
* List of prime ministers of Italy by time in office

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "I Governi nelle Legislature". www.governo.it (in Italian). 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
2. ^ "La funzione del Presidente del Consiglio". www.governo.it (in Italian). 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
3. ^ "Cavour, Camillo Benso conte di nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
4. ^ Mack Smith, Denis (1985). Cavour. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 9780297785125.
5. ^ "Lo Statuto Albertino" (PDF) (in Italian). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
6. ^ "LEGGE 24 dicembre 1925, n. 2263-Normattiva". www.normattiva.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
7. ^ "I Presidenti del Consiglio". legislature.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
8. ^ "Italy-Government and society | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
9. ^ Harris, Chris (13 December 2016). "Why do governments in Italy change so often?". euronews. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
10. ^ "In 75 anni le donne al governo sono state appena il 6,5%". www.ilsole24ore.com (in Italian). Il Sole 24 Ore. 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
11. ^ "Governo, Mattarella conferisce l'incarico a Meloni. Giorgia: "Esecutivo di alto profilo che lavorerà spedito". Domani il giuramento alle 10 in Quirinale. La lista dei 24 ministri". 21 October 2022.
12. ^ "Far-right leader Giorgia Meloni sworn in as Italy's prime minister". The Guardian. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
13. ^ "Mussolini, Benito". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
14. ^ "Quali sono stati i governi italiani più lunghi?". www.youtrend.it (in Italian). YouTrend. 26 November 2020. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
15. ^ "Tommaso Tittoni nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
16. ^ "Fernando Tambroni Armaroli nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
17. ^ "IV Governo Cavour". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
18. ^ "I Governo Ricasoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
19. ^ "I Governo Rattazzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
20. ^ "I Governo Farini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
21. ^ "I Governo Minghetti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
22. ^ "II Governo La Marmora". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
23. ^ "III Governo La Marmora". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
24. ^ "II Governo Ricasoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
25. ^ "II Governo Rattazzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
26. ^ "I Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
27. ^ "II Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
28. ^ "III Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
29. ^ "I Governo Lanza". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
30. ^ "II Governo Minghetti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
31. ^ "I Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
32. ^ "II Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
33. ^ "I Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
34. ^ "III Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
35. ^ "II Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
36. ^ "III Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
37. ^ "IV Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
38. ^ "V Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
39. ^ "VI Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
40. ^ "VII Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
41. ^ "VIII Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
42. ^ "I Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
43. ^ "II Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
44. ^ "I Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
45. ^ "I Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 8 September 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
46. ^ "III Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
47. ^ "IV Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
48. ^ "II Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
49. ^ "III Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
50. ^ "IV Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
51. ^ "V Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
52. ^ "I Governo Pelloux". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
53. ^ "II Governo Pelloux". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
54. ^ "I Governo Saracco". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
55. ^ "I Governo Zanardelli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
56. ^ "II Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
57. ^ "I Governo Tittoni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
58. ^ "I Governo Fortis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
59. ^ "II Governo Fortis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
60. ^ "I Governo Sonnino". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
61. ^ "III Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
62. ^ "II Governo Sonnino". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
63. ^ "I Governo Luzzatti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
64. ^ "IV Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
65. ^ "I Governo Salandra". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
66. ^ "II Governo Salandra". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
67. ^ "I Governo Boselli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
68. ^ "I Governo Orlando". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
69. ^ "I Governo Nitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
70. ^ "II Governo Nitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
71. ^ "V Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
72. ^ "I Governo Bonomi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
73. ^ "I Governo Facta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
74. ^ "II Governo Facta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
75. ^ "I Governo Mussolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
76. ^ "Composizione del Governo Badoglio I". senato.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
77. ^ "Governo Badoglio II". governo.it (in Italian). 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
78. ^ "Governo Bonomi II". governo.it (in Italian). 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
79. ^ "Governo Bonomi III". governo.it (in Italian). 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
80. ^ "I Governo Parri". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
81. ^ "I Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
82. ^ "II Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
83. ^ "III Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
84. ^ "IV Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
85. ^ "V Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
86. ^ "VI Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
87. ^ "VII Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
88. ^ "VIII Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
89. ^ "Governo Pella". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
90. ^ "I Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
91. ^ "Governo Scelba". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
92. ^ "I Governo Segni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
93. ^ "Governo Zoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
94. ^ "II Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
95. ^ "II Governo Segni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
96. ^ "Governo Tambroni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
97. ^ "III Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
98. ^ a b "IV Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
99. ^ "I Governo Leone". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
100. ^ "I Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
101. ^ "II Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
102. ^ "III Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
103. ^ "II Governo Leone". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
104. ^ "I Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
105. ^ "II Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
106. ^ "III Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
107. ^ "Governo Colombo". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
108. ^ "I Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
109. ^ "II Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
110. ^ "IV Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
111. ^ "V Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
112. ^ "IV Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
113. ^ "V Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
114. ^ "III Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
115. ^ "IV Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
116. ^ "V Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
117. ^ "I Governo Cossiga". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
118. ^ "II Governo Cossiga". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
119. ^ "Governo Forlani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
120. ^ "I Governo Spadolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
121. ^ "II Governo Spadolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
122. ^ "V Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
123. ^ "I Governo Craxi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
124. ^ "II Governo Craxi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
125. ^ "Governo Goria". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
126. ^ "Governo De Mita". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
127. ^ "VI Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
128. ^ "VII Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
129. ^ "I Governo Amato". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
130. ^ "Governo Ciampi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
131. ^ "I Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
132. ^ "Governo Dini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
133. ^ "I Governo Prodi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
134. ^ "I Governo D'Alema". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
135. ^ "II Governo D'Alema". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
136. ^ "II Governo Amato II" (in Italian). 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
137. ^ "II Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
138. ^ "III Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
139. ^ "II Governo Prodi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
140. ^ "IV Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
141. ^ "Governo Monti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
142. ^ "Governo Letta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
143. ^ "Governo Renzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
144. ^ "Governo Gentiloni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
145. ^ "I Governo Conte". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
146. ^ "II Governo Conte". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
147. ^ "Governo Draghi". governo.it (in Italian). 13 February 2021. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
148. ^ "Governo Meloni". governo.it (in Italian). 22 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Guglielmotti, Umberto, ed. (1966). I presidenti del Consiglio dei Ministri dell'Unita' d'Italia ad oggi, Volume 3 (in Italian). CEN.Volume+3&rft.pub=CEN&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mf0VAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+prime+ministers+of+Italy" class="Z3988">
* Viviani, Maria Paola, ed. (1970). La presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri in alcuni stati dell'Europa occidentale ed in Italia (in Italian). Giuffrè.
* Rotelli, Ettore, ed. (1972). La Presidenza Del Consiglio Dei Ministri: Il Problema Del Coordinamento Dell'amministrazione Centrale in Italia, (1848–1948) (in Italian). Giuffrè.
* Marzo, Corradino; Amodio, Vito Domenico, eds. (2014). I governi della Repubblica. Storia dei Presidenti del Consiglio, Volume 1 (in Italian). Lupo. ISBN 978-8866671893.Volume+1&rft.pub=Lupo&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-8866671893&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=0HSioAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+prime+ministers+of+Italy" class="Z3988">

Portals:

* Italy
* politics

*[Ref.]: References