List of recently extinct mammals

See also: List of prehistoric mammals

Biodiversity of large mammal species per continent before and after humans' arrival Mammals by population

Lists

Even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla)
Carnivorans (Carnivora)
Cetaceans (Cetacea)
Bats (Chiroptera)
Odd-toed ungulates (Perissodactyla)
Primates (Primates)

Key

Conservation status

Extinct in the wild (EW)

Critically Endangered (CR)

Endangered (EN)

Vulnerable (VU)

Near Threatened (NT)

Least Concern (LC)

Data Deficient (DD)

Related

Lists of organisms by population
List of birds by population
Mammal classification
List of recently extinct mammals
Lists of mammals by region

* v
* t
* e

*   Extinct in the wild (EW): 2 species
*   Critically endangered (CR): 203 species
*   Endangered (EN): 505 species
*   Vulnerable (VU): 536 species
*   Near threatened (NT): 345 species
*   Least concern (LC): 3,306 species
*   Data deficient (DD): 872 species

Mammalian species (IUCN, 2020-1)

* 5850 extant species have been evaluated
* 4978 of those are fully assessed[a]
* 3651 are not threatened at present[b]
* 1244 to 2116 are threatened[c]
* 81 to 83 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
* 81 extinct (EX) species[d]
* 2 extinct in the wild (EW)
* 0 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
* 0 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]

* * *

1. ^ excludes data deficient evaluations.
2. ^ NT and LC.
3. ^ Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU. Upper estimate additionally includes DD.
4. ^ Chart omits extinct (EX) species

Recently extinct mammals are defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as any mammals that have become extinct since the year 1500 CE.[1] Since then, roughly 80 mammal species have become extinct.[2]

Extinction of taxa is difficult to confirm, as a long gap without a sighting is not definitive, but before 1995 a threshold of 50 years without a sighting was used to declare extinction.[1]

One study found that extinction from habitat loss is the hardest to detect, as this might only fragment populations to the point of concealment from humans. Some mammals declared as extinct may very well reappear.[1] For example, a study found that 36% of purported mammalian extinction had been resolved, while the rest either had validity issues (insufficient evidence) or had been rediscovered.[3]

As of June 2023, the IUCN listed 233 mammalian species as critically endangered, while 27% of all mammalian species were threatened with extinction.[4]

## Conventions

[edit]

All species listed here as extinct (no known individuals remaining) are designated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Species which are extinct in the wild only reside in captivity. Species listed as possibly extinct are classified as being critically endangered, as it is unknown whether or not these species are extinct.[5] Extinct subspecies such as the Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica)[6] are not listed here as the species, in this case Panthera tigris, is still extant. The IUCN Redlist classification for each species serves as a citation, and the superscripted "IUCN" by the date is a link to that species' page. A range map is provided where available, and a description of their former or current range is given if a range map is not available.

## Causes of extinction

[edit]

Anthropogenic (human caused) habitat degradation is the main cause of species extinctions now. The main cause of habitat degradation worldwide is agriculture, with urban sprawl, logging, mining and some fishing practices close behind. The physical destruction of a habitat, both directly (deforestation for land development or lumber) and indirectly (burning fossil fuels), is an example of this.[7][8]

Also, increasing toxicity, through media such as pesticides, can kill off a species very rapidly, by killing all living members through contamination or sterilizing them. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), for example, can bioaccumulate to hazardous levels, getting increasingly dangerous further up the food chain.[9]

Disease can also be a factor: white nose syndrome in bats, for example, is causing a substantial decline in their populations and may even lead to the extinction of some species.[10]

Overhunting also has an impact. Terrestrial mammals, such as the tiger and deer, are mainly hunted for their pelts and in some cases meat, and marine mammals can be hunted for their oil and leather. Specific targeting of one species can be problematic to the ecosystem because the sudden demise of one species can inadvertently lead to the demise of another (coextinction) especially if the targeted species is a keystone species. Sea otters, for example, were hunted in the maritime fur trade, and their drop in population led to the rise in sea urchins—their main food source—which decreased the population of kelp—the sea urchin's and Steller's sea cow's main food source—leading to the extinction of the Steller's sea cow.[11] The hunting of an already limited species can easily lead to its extinction, as with the bluebuck whose range was confined to 1,700 square miles (4,400 km2) and which was hunted into extinction soon after discovery by European settlers.[12]

## Australia

[edit]

Island creatures are usually endemic to only that island, and that limited range and small population can leave them vulnerable to sudden changes.[13] While Australia is a continent and not an island, due to its geographical isolation, its unique fauna has suffered an extreme decline in mammal species, 10% of its 273 terrestrial mammals, since European settlement (a loss of one to two species per decade); in contrast, only one species in North America has become extinct since European settlement.[citation needed] Furthermore, 21% of Australia's mammals are threatened, and unlike in most other continents, the main cause is predation by feral species, such as cats.[14]

## Extinct species

[edit]

See also: Extinction

A species is declared extinct after exhaustive surveys of all potential habitats eliminate all reasonable doubt that the last individual of a species, whether in the wild or in captivity, has died.[15] Recently extinct species are defined by the IUCN as becoming extinct after 1500 CE.[1]

Common name | Binomial name | Order | Date of extinction | Former range | Picture

|
|
|
|
|

Broad-faced potoroo | Potorous platyops
Gould, 1844 | Diprotodontia | 1875 1 | Australia |
Eastern hare wallaby | Lagorchestes leporides
Gould, 1841 | Diprotodontia | 1889 1 |
Australia |
Lake Mackay hare-wallaby | Lagorchestes asomatus
Finlayson, 1943 | Diprotodontia | 1932 1 | Australia  |
Desert rat-kangaroo | Caloprymnus campestris
Gould, 1843 | Diprotodontia | 1935 1 |
Australia |
Thylacine
or Tasmanian wolf/tiger  | Thylacinus cynocephalus
Harris, 1808 | Dasyuromorphia | 1936 1 |
Australia, Tasmania |
Toolache wallaby | Macropus greyi
Waterhouse, 1846 | Diprotodontia | 1939 1 | Australia  |
Desert bandicoot | Perameles eremiana
Spencer, 1837 | Peramelemorphia | 1943 1 | Australia  |
New South Wales barred bandicoot[16] | Perameles fasciata
Gray, 1841 | Peramelemorphia | mid-19th century  | Australia  |
Southwestern barred bandicoot[16] | Perameles myosuros
Wagner, 1841 | Peramelemorphia | mid-19th century  | Australia  |
Southern barred bandicoot[16] | Perameles notina
Thomas, 1922 | Peramelemorphia | mid-19th century  | Australia  |
Nullarbor barred bandicoot[16] | Perameles papillon
Travouillon & Phillips, 2018 | Peramelemorphia | early 20th century  | Australia  |
Lesser bilby
or yallara  | Macrotis leucura
Thomas, 1887 | Peramelemorphia | 1960s 1 |
Australia |
Southern pig-footed bandicoot | Chaeropus ecaudatus
Ogilby, 1838 | Peramelemorphia | 1950s 1 |
Australia |
Northern pig-footed bandicoot | Chaeropus yirratji
Travouillon et al., 2019 | Peramelemorphia | 1950s  |  |
Crescent nail-tail wallaby | Onychogalea lunata
Gould, 1841 | Diprotodontia | 1956 1 | Australia (western and central)  |
Red-bellied gracile opossum
or red-bellied gracile mouse opossum  | Cryptonanus ignitus
Díaz, Flores and Barquez, 2002 | Didelphimorphia | 1962 1 | Argentina |
Nullarbor dwarf bettong | Bettongia pusilla
McNamara, 1997 | Diprotodontia |  early 1500s 1 | Australia (Nullarbor Plain)  |
Steller's sea cow | Hydrodamalis gigas
von Zimmermann, 1780 | Sirenia | 1768 1 | Commander Islands (Russia, United States)  |
Bramble Cay melomys | Melomys rubicola
Thomas, 1924 | Rodentia | 2016 1 | Australia (Bramble Cay)  |
Oriente cave rat | Boromys offella
Miller, 1916 | Rodentia |  early 1500s 1 | Cuba |
Torre's cave rat | Boromys torrei
Allen, 1917 | Rodentia |  early 1500s 1 | Cuba  |
Imposter hutia | Hexolobodon phenax
Miller, 1929 | Rodentia |  early 1500s 1 | Hispaniola (currently Haiti and the Dominican Republic)  |
Montane hutia | Isolobodon montanus
Miller, 1922 | Rodentia |  early 1500s 1 | Hispaniola  |
Dwarf viscacha | Lagostomus crassus
Thomas, 1910 | Rodentia |  early 1900s 1 | Peru  |
Galápagos giant rat | Megaoryzomys curioi
Niethammer, 1964 | Rodentia |  1500s 1 | Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos) |
Cuban coney | Geocapromys columbianus
Chapman, 1892 | Rodentia |  early 1500s 1 | Cuba  |
Hispaniolan edible rat | Brotomys voratus
Miller, 1916 | Rodentia | 1536–1546 1 | Hispaniola  |
Puerto Rican hutia | Isolobodon portoricensis
Allen, 1916 | Rodentia |  early 1900s 1 | Hispaniola; introduced to Puerto Rico, Saint Thomas Island, Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and Mona Island |
Big-eared hopping mouse | Notomys macrotis
Thomas, 1921 | Rodentia | 1843 1 | Australia (central Western Australia)  |
Darling Downs hopping mouse | Notomys mordax
Thomas, 1921 | Rodentia | 1846 1 | Australia (Darling Downs, Queensland)  |
White-footed rabbit-rat | Conilurus albipes
Lichtenstein, 1829 | Rodentia |  early 1860s 1 | Australia (eastern coast)  |
Capricorn rabbit rat | Conilurus capricornensis
Cramb and Hocknull, 2010 | Rodentia |  early 1500s 1 | Australia (Queensland)  |
Short-tailed hopping mouse | Notomys amplus
Brazenor, 1936 | Rodentia | 1896 1 | Australia (Great Sandy Desert)  |
Long-tailed hopping mouse | Notomys longicaudatus
Gould, 1844 | Rodentia | 1901 1 | Australia  |
Great hopping mouse | Notomys robustus
Mahoney, Smith and Medlin, 2008 | Rodentia |  mid-1800s 1 | Australia (Flinders Ranges and Davenport Ranges)  |
Desmarest's pilorie
or Martinique giant rice rat  | Megalomys desmarestii
Fischer, 1829 | Rodentia | 1902 1 | Martinique |
Saint Lucia pilorie
or Saint Lucia giant rice rat  | Megalomys luciae
Major, 1901 | Rodentia | 1881 1 | Saint Lucia |
Bulldog rat | Rattus nativitatis
Thomas, 1888 | Rodentia | 1903 1 | Christmas Island |
Maclear's rat | Rattus macleari
Thomas, 1887 | Rodentia | 1903 1 | Christmas Island  |
Darwin's Galápagos mouse | Nesoryzomys darwini
Osgood, 1929 | Rodentia | 1930 1 | Galápagos Islands |
Gould's mouse | Pseudomys gouldii
Waterhouse, 1839 | Rodentia | 1930 1 | Australia (southern half)  |
Plains rat
or palyoora  | Pseudomys auritus
Thomas, 1910 | Rodentia |  early 1800s 1 | Australia (Kangaroo Island and the Younghusband Peninsula)  |
Pemberton's deer mouse | Peromyscus pembertoni
Burt, 1932 | Rodentia | 1931 1 | San Pedro Nolasco Island, Mexico  |
Samaná hutia | Plagiodontia ipnaeum
Johnson, 1948 | Rodentia |  early 1500s [a] 1 | Hispaniola  |
Hispaniola monkey | Antillothrix bernensis
MacPhee, Horovitz, Arredondo, & Jimenez Vasquez, 1995 | Primates | early 16th century  | Hispaniola (currently Dominican Republic)  |
Lesser stick-nest rat
or white-tipped stick-nest rat  | Leporillus apicalis
John Gould, 1854 | Rodentia | 1933 1 | Australia (west-central)  |
Indefatigable Galápagos mouse | Nesoryzomys indefessus
Thomas, 1899 | Rodentia | 1934 1 | Galápagos Islands  |
Little Swan Island hutia | Geocapromys thoracatus
True, 1888 | Rodentia | 1955 1 | Swan Islands, Honduras |
Blue-gray mouse | Pseudomys glaucus
Thomas, 1910 | Rodentia | 1956 1 | Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)  |
Buhler's coryphomys
or Buhler's rat  | Coryphomys buehleri
Schaub, 1937 | Rodentia |  early 1500s 1 | West Timor, Indonesia |
Insular cave rat | Heteropsomys insulans
Anthony, 1916 | Rodentia |  early 1500s 1 | Vieques Island, Puerto Rico  |
Candango mouse | Juscelinomys candango
Moojen, 1965 | Rodentia | 1960 1 | Central Brazil |
Anthony's woodrat | Neotoma anthonyi
Allen, 1898 | Rodentia | 1926 1 | Isla Todos Santos, Mexico  |
Bunker's woodrat | Neotoma bunkeri
Burt, 1932 | Rodentia | 1931 1 | Coronado Islands, Mexico  |
Vespucci's rodent | Noronhomys vespuccii
Carleton and Olson, 1999 | Rodentia | 1500 1 | Fernando de Noronha, Brazil  |
St. Vincent colilargo
or St. Vincent pygmy rice rat  | Oligoryzomys victus
Thomas, 1898 | Rodentia | 1892 1 | Saint Vincent |
Jamaican rice rat | Oryzomys antillarum
Thomas, 1898 | Rodentia | 1877 1 | Jamaica  |
Nelson's rice rat | Oryzomys nelsoni
Merriam, 1889 | Rodentia | 1897 1 | Islas Marías, Mexico  |
Nevis rice rat,
St. Eustatius rice rat, or St. Kitts rice rat  | Pennatomys nivalis
Turvey, Weksler, Morris & Nokkert, 2010 | Rodentia |  early 1500s[b] 1 | Sint Eustatius and Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Christmas Island pipistrelle | Pipistrellus murrayi
Andrews, 1900 | Chiroptera | 2009 1 | Christmas Island  |
Sardinian pika | Prolagus sardus
Wagner, 1832 | Lagomorpha | 1774 1 | Corsica and Sardinia |
Marcano's solenodon | Solenodon marcanoi
Patterson, 1962 | Eulipotyphla |  1500s 1 | Dominican Republic  |
Puerto Rican nesophontes | Nesophontes edithae
Anthony, 1916 | Eulipotyphla |  early 1500s 1 | Puerto Rico, Vieques Island, Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands and Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands |
Atalaye nesophontes | Nesophontes hypomicrus
Miller, 1929 | Eulipotyphla |  early 1500s 1 | Hispaniola  |
Greater Cuban nesophontes | Nesophontes major
Arredondo, 1970 | Eulipotyphla |  early 1500s 1 | Cuba  |
Western Cuban nesophontes | Nesophontes micrus
Allen, 1917 | Eulipotyphla |  early 1500s 1 | Cuba (including Isla de la Juventud)  |
St. Michel nesophontes | Nesophontes paramicrus
Miller, 1929 | Eulipotyphla |  early 1500s 1 | Hispaniola  |
Haitian nesophontes | Nesophontes zamicrus
Miller, 1929 | Eulipotyphla |  early 1500s 1 | Haiti  |
Lesser Mascarene flying fox
or dark flying fox  | Pteropus subniger
kerr, 1792 | Chiroptera | 1864 1 | Réunion, Mauritius |
Guam flying fox
or Guam fruit bat  | Pteropus tokudae
Tate, 1934 | Chiroptera | 1968 1 | Guam |
Dusky flying fox
or Percy Island flying fox  | Pteropus brunneus
Dobson, 1878 | Chiroptera | 1870 1 | Percy Islands (Australia)  |
Large Palau flying fox | Pteropus pilosus
Andersen, 1908 | Chiroptera | 1874 1 | Palau |
Large sloth lemur | Palaeopropithecus ingens
Grandidier, 1899 | Primates | 1620 1 |
In green |
Aurochs | Bos primigenius
Bojanus, 1827 | Artiodactyla | 1627 1 |  |
Bluebuck | Hippotragus leucophaeus
Pallas, 1766 | Artiodactyla | 1800 1 |  |
Red gazelle | Eudorcas rufina
Thomas, 1894 | Artiodactyla |  late 1800s 1 | Algeria  |
Schomburgk's deer | Rucervus schomburgki
Blyth, 1863 | Artiodactyla | 1932 1 | Thailand  |
Queen of Sheba's gazelle
or Yemen gazelle  | Gazella bilkis
Grover and Lay, 1985 | Artiodactyla | 1951 1 | Yemen  |
Madagascan dwarf hippopotamus | Hippopotamus lemerlei
Milne-Edwards, 1868 | Artiodactyla |  early 1500s [c] 1 | Madagascar  |
Falkland Islands wolf or warrah  | Dusicyon australis
Kerr, 1792 | Carnivora | 1876 1 | Falkland Islands |
Dusicyon avus | Dusicyon avus
Burmeister, 1866 | Carnivora |  early 1500s 1 | Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay |
Sea mink | Neogale macrodon
Prentiss, 1903 | Carnivora | 1894 1 | United States (Maine, Massachusetts) and Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland)  |
Japanese sea lion | Zalophus japonicus
Peters, 1866 | Carnivora | 1970s 1 | Japan, Korea, Russia |
Caribbean monk seal | Neomonachus tropicalis
Gray, 1850 | Carnivora | 1952 1 | Caribbean Sea |
Giant fossa | Cryptoprocta spelea
Grandidier, 1902 | Carnivora |  before 1658 1 |  |
Lord Howe long-eared bat | Nyctophilus howensis
McKean, 1975 | Chiroptera | prior to 1972 1 | Lord Howe Island, Australia
Japanese otter | Lutra nippon

Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki, 1989

| Carnivora | 1990s [19] | Japan |

## Extinct subspecies

[edit]

Common name | Binomial name | Species | Order | Date of extinction | Former range | Picture

|
|
|
|
|
|

Texas red wolf | Canis rufus rufus
Audubon and Bachman, 1951 | Red wolf (Canis rufus)  | Carnivora | 1970  | North America |
Caucasian wisent |  Bison bonasus caucasicus
Turkin and Satunin, 1904 | European bison (Bison bonasus)  | Artiodactyla | 1927  | Europe |
Carpathian wisent | Bison bonasus hungarorum
Kretzoi, 1946 | European bison (Bison bonasus)  | Artiodactyla | 1852  | Europe |
Quagga | Equus quagga quagga
Boddaert, 1785 | Plains zebra (Equus quagga)  | Perissodactyla | 1883  | Africa |
Japanese wolf | Canis lupus hodophilax
Temminick 1839 | Grey wolf (Canis lupus)  | Carnivora | 1905  | Asia |
Hokkaido wolf | Canis lupus hattai
Kishida, 1931 | Grey wolf (Canis lupus)  | Carnivora | 1889  | Asia |
Atlas bear | Ursus arctos crowtheri
Schinz, 1844 | Brown bear (Ursus arctos)  | Carnivora | 1890  | Africa  |
Bali tiger | Panthera tigris sondaica
Shwarz,1912 | Tiger (Panthera tigris)  | Carnivora | 1950s  | Asia |
Caspian tiger | Panthera tigris tigris
Illiger, 1815 | Tiger (Panthera tigris)  | Carnivora | 1970s  | Asia |
Javan tiger | Panthera tigris sondaica
Temminick, 1844 | Tiger (Panthera tigris)  | Carnivora | 1980s  | Asia |
Bubal hartebeest | Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus
Pallas 1766 | Hartebeest (Alcephalus buselaphus)  | Artiodactyla | 1925  | Africa |
Portuguese ibex | Capra pyrenaica lusitanica
Schlegel, 1872 | Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica)  | Artiodactyla | 1892  | Europe |
Pyrenean ibex | Capra pyrenaica pyreneica
Schinz, 1838 | Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica)  | Artiodactyla | 2000  | Europe |
Western black rhinoceros | Diceros bicornis longipes
Zukowsky, 1999 | Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)  | Artiodactyla | 2011  | Africa |
Cape lion | Panthera leo melanochaita
Smith, 1842 | Lion (Panthera leo)  | Carnivora | mid 19th century  | Africa |
Barbary lion | Panthera leo leo
Linnaeus, 1758 | Lion (Panthera leo)  | Carnivora | 1960s  | Africa |
Southern Rocky Mountain wolf | Canis lupus nubilus
Nowak, 1995 | Grey wolf (Canis lupus)  | Carnivora | 1935  | North America |
Kenai Peninsula wolf | Canis lupus occidentalis
Nowak, 1995 | Grey wolf (Canis lupus)  | Carnivora | 1925  | North America |
Banks Island wolf | Canis lupus arctos
Nowak, 1995 | Grey wolf (Canis lupus)  | Carnivora | 1952  | North America |
Newfoundland wolf | Canis lupus nubilus
Nowak, 1995 | Grey wolf (Canis lupus)  | Carnivora | 1911  | North America |
Florida black wolf | Canis rufus floridanus
Miller, 1912 | Red wolf (Canis rufus)  | Carnivora | 1934  | North America |
Cascade Mountains wolf | Canis lupus nubilus
Nowak, 1995 | Grey wolf (Canis lupus)  | Carnivora | 1944  | North America  |
Mogollon mountain wolf | Canis lupus nubilus
Nowak, 1995 | Grey wolf (Canis lupus)  | Carnivora | 1970s  | North America |
Texas wolf | Canis lupus nubilus
Nowak, 1995 | Grey wolf (Canis lupus)  | Carnivora | 19th century  | North America |
Sicilian wolf | Canis lupus cristaldii
Angelici and Rossi, 2018 | Grey wolf (Canis lupus)  | Carnivora | 1924  | Europe |
Mexican grizzly bear | Ursus arctos nelsoni
Merriam, 1914 | Brown bear (Ursus arctos)  | Carnivora | 1965  | North America |
California grizzly bear | Ursus arctos californicus
Merriam, 1896 | Brown bear (Ursus arctos)  | Carnivora | 1924  | North America |
Tarpan | Equus ferus ferus
Boddaert, 1785 | Wild horse (Equus ferus)  | Perissodactyla | 1909  | Europe |

## Extinct in the wild

[edit]

See also: Extinct in the wild

A species that is extinct in the wild is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as only known by living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range due to massive habitat loss. A species is declared extinct in the wild after thorough surveys have inspected its historic range and failed to find evidence of a surviving individual.[15]

Common name | Binomial name | Order | Date of extinction | Former range | Picture

|
|
|
|
|

Père David's deer | Elaphurus davidianus
Milne-Edwards, 1866 | Artiodactyla | 1939 1 | China  |

## Possibly extinct

[edit]

See also: Possibly extinct

Extinction of taxa is difficult to detect, as a long gap without a sighting is not definitive. Some mammals declared as extinct may very well reappear.[1] For example, a study found that 36% of purported mammalian extinction had been resolved, while the rest either had validity issues (insufficient evidence) or had been rediscovered.[3] As of December 2015, the IUCN listed 30 mammalian species as "critically endangered (possibly extinct)".[4]

Common name | Binomial name | Order | Last confirmed sighting | Range | Picture

|
|
|
|
|

Kouprey
or forest ox  | Bos sauveli
Urbain, 1937 | Artiodactyla | 1988 1 |  |
Garrido's hutia | Capromys garridoi
Varona, 1970 | Rodentia | 1989 1[dead link] | Cayo Maja, Cuba |
Christmas Island shrew | Crocidura trichura
Dobson, 1889 | Eulipotyphla | 1985 1 |  |
Wimmer's shrew | Crocidura wimmeri
de Balsac and Aellen, 1958 | Eulipotyphla | 1976 1 |  |
Baiji
or Yangtze river dolphin  | Lipotes vexillifer
Miller, 1918 | Artiodactyla | 2002 [d] 1 |  |
Zuniga's dark rice rat | Melanomys zunigae
Sanborn | Rodentia | 1949 1 | Peru |
Dwarf hutia | Mesocapromys nanus
Allen, 1917 | Rodentia | 1937 1 | Ciénaga de Zapata,
Cuba  |
San Felipe hutia
or little earth hutia  | Mesocapromys sanfelipensis
Varona & Garrido, 1970 | Rodentia | 1978 1 | Cuba  |
One-striped opossum | Monodelphis unistriata
Wagner, 1842 | Didelphimorphia | 1899 1 |  |
Gloomy tube-nosed bat | Murina tenebrosa
Yoshiyuki, 1970 | Chiroptera | 1962 1 | Tsushima Island and possibly Yaku Island,
Japan  |
New Zealand greater short-tailed bat | Mystacina robusta
Dwyer, 1962 | Chiroptera | 1967 1 | Taukihepa / Big South Cape Island, New Zealand |
Ethiopian amphibious rat
or Ethiopian water mouse  | Nilopegamys plumbeus
Osgood, 1928 | Rodentia | 1920s 1 | Mouth of the Lesser Abay River,
Ethiopia  |
Angel Island mouse | Peromyscus guardia
Townsend, 1912 | Rodentia | 1991 1 | Isla Ángel de la Guarda,
Mexico  |
Puebla deer mouse | Peromyscus mekisturus
Merriam, 1898 | Rodentia | 1950s 1 | Ciudad Serdan and Tehuacán,
Mexico  |
Telefomin cuscus | Phalanger matanim
Flannery, 1987 | Diprotodontia | 1997 1 |  |
Montane monkey-faced bat | Pteralopex pulchra
Flannery, 1991 | Chiroptera | 1990s 1 |  |
Aru flying fox | Pteropus aruensis
Peter, 1867 | Chiroptera | 1877 1 |  |
Emma's giant rat | Uromys emmae
Groves and Flannery, 1994 | Rodentia | 1990s 1 | Papua Province,
Indonesia  |
Emperor rat | Uromys imperator
Thomas, 1888 | Rodentia | 1888 1 | Guadalcanal,
Solomon Islands  |
Guadalcanal rat | Uromys porculus
Thomas, 1904 | Rodentia | 1888 1 | Guadalcanal,
Solomon Islands  |
Malabar large-spotted civet
or Malabar civet  | Viverra civettina
Blyth, 1862 | Carnivora | late 1900s [e] 1 |  |

## See also

[edit]

* Holocene extinction
* List of extinct animals
* List of extinct birds
* Lists of mammals by population

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ A 1985 study suggested they may have survived into the 1900s based on local legends of the "comadreja"
2. ^ There were reports of unusual rats on Nevis being eaten by islanders in the 1930s.[17]
3. ^ Although, 14C dating points their extinction at 1000 C. E., a 1991 study found they coexisted with humans and survived into the 1500s.[18]
4. ^ The species may be functionally extinct.[20]
5. ^ The last confirmed sighting is unknown and their range in the wild is unconfirmed. Camera traps in Karnataka, their presumed habitat, found no individuals after 1,084 nights in 2006.[21]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e Fisher, Diana O.; Blomberg, Simon P. (2011). "Correlates of rediscovery and the detectability of extinction in mammals". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1708): 1090–1097\. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1579. PMC 3049027. PMID 20880890.
2. ^ Ceballos, G.; Ehrlich, A. H.; Ehrlich, P. R. (2015). The Annihilation of Nature: Human Extinction of Birds and Mammals. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1421417189. "69"
3. ^ a b Macphee, Ross D. E.; Flemming, Clare (1999). "Requiem Æternam: the last five hundred years of mammalian species extinctions". In MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Sues, Hans-Dieter (eds.). Extinctions in Near Time. Advances in Vertebrate Paleobiology. Vol. 2\. ISBN 978-1-4419-3315-7.
4. ^ a b "IUCN Red List version 2022.2". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 21 June 2023.
5. ^ "Possibly Extinct and Possibly Extinct in the Wild Species" (PDF). IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
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Extant mammal orders

* Kingdom Animalia
* Phylum Chordata
* Subphylum Vertebrata
* (unranked) Amniota

Yinotheria|

| Australosphenida|

* Monotremata (platypuses and echidnas)

|

Theria|

| Metatheria
(Marsupial inclusive)|

| Ameridelphia|

* Paucituberculata (shrew opossums)
* Didelphimorphia (opossums)

|

Australidelphia|

* Microbiotheria (monitos del monte)
* Notoryctemorphia (marsupial moles)
* Dasyuromorphia (quolls and dunnarts)
* Peramelemorphia (bilbies and bandicoots)
* Diprotodontia (kangaroos, koalas, and relatives)

Eutheria
(Placental inclusive)|

| Atlantogenata|

| Xenarthra|

* Cingulata (armadillos)
* Pilosa (anteaters and sloths)

|

Afrotheria|

* Afrosoricida (tenrecs, golden moles, and otter shrews)
* Macroscelidea (elephant shrews)
* Tubulidentata (aardvarks)
* Hyracoidea (hyraxes)
* Proboscidea (elephants)
* Sirenia (dugongs and manatees)

Boreoeutheria|

| Laurasiatheria|

* Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, shrews, moles and relatives)
* Chiroptera (bats)
* Pholidota (pangolins)
* Carnivora (dogs, cats and relatives)
* Perissodactyla (horses, zebras, donkeys, rhinoceroses and tapirs)
* Artiodactyla (pigs, camels, hippos, deer, buffalo, gazelles, giraffes, whales, dolphins and relatives)

|

Euarchontoglires|

* Rodentia (rats, mice, guinea pigs, squirrels, beavers, chinchillas, porcupines, capybaras and relatives)
* Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares and pikas)
* Scandentia (treeshrews)
* Dermoptera (colugos)
* Primates (lorises, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes (including humans) and relatives)

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Lists of mammal species

* Mammals
* marine
* prehistoric
* recently extinct
* critically endangered
* endangered
* vulnerable
* near threatened
* least concern
* data deficient

Monotremes
and marsupials|

* Dasyuromorphs (quolls, dunnarts, and other Australian carnivores)
* Didelphimorphs (opossums)
* Peramelemorphs (bandicoots and bilbies)

Diprotodonts
(kangaroos and possums)|

* Macropodiformes (kangaroos, wallabies, bettongs, and potoroos)
* Phalangeriformes (possums, gliders, and cuscus)

Placental mammals|

* Afrosoricids (golden moles, otter shrews, and tenrecs)
* Cingulates (armadillos)
* Macroscelids (elephant shrews)
* Perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates)
* Pholidotans (pangolins)
* Pilosans (anteaters and sloths)
* Scandentians (treeshrews)

Artiodactyls
(even-toed ungulates)|

* Bovids (antelope, sheep, goats, and cattle)
* Cervids (deer)
* Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises)
* Arctic
* extinct
* Suines (pigs and peccaries)

Carnivorans
(carnivores)|

* Canids (wolves and foxes)
* Canis lupus subspecies
* Felids (cats)
* Herpestids (mongooses)
* Mephitids (skunks and stink badgers)
* Mustelids (badgers, martens, otters, and weasels)
* Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses)
* Fossil pinnipedimorphs (seals and stem-relatives)
* Procyonids (raccoons, coatis, and kinkajous)
* Ursids (bears)
* Ursus arctos subspecies
* Viverrids (civets and genets)

Chiropterans
(bats)|

* Emballonurids (sheath-tailed bats)
* Hipposiderids (Old World leaf-nosed bats)
* Miniopterids (bent-winged bats)
* Molossids (free-tailed bats)
* Mormoopids (mustached bats)
* Natalids (funnel-eared bats)
* Nycterids (slit-faced bats)
* Phyllostomids (leaf-nosed bats)
* Pteropodids (fruit bats)
* Rhinolophids (horseshoe bats)
* Vespertilionids (vesper bats)
* Kerivoulines (woolly bats)
* Murinines (tube-nosed bats)
* Myotines (mouse-eared bats)
* Vespertilionines (pipistrelles and serotines)

Eulipotyphlans
(moles and shrews)|

* Erinaceids (hedgehogs and gymnures)
* Soricids (shrews)
* Crocidurines (white-toothed shrews)
* Myosoricines (African shrews)
* Soricines (red-toothed shrews)
* Talpids (moles and desmans)

Lagomorphs
(rabbits and pikas)|

* Leporids (hares and rabbits)
* Ochotonids (pikas)

Primates|

* Cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys)
* Hominoids (apes)
* Lemuroids (lemurs)
* Lorisoids (lorises and galagos)
* Platyrrhines (New World monkeys)
* Tarsiiformes (tarsiers)
* Fossil primates

Rodents|

*     * extinct
* Calomyscids (mouse-like hamsters)
* Caviids (cavies and guinea pigs)
* Ctenomyids (tuco-tucos)
* Dasyproctids (agoutis)
* Erethizontids (New World porcupines)
* Geomyids (gophers)
* Glirids (dormice)
* Heteromyids (kangaroo rats and pocket mice)
* Octodontids (degus)
* Sciurids (squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots)

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