List of rulers of Tibet

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History of Tibet

* Neolithic Tibet
* Zhangzhung
* Yarlung dynasty
* Tibetan Empire
* Era of Fragmentation
* Yuan rule
* Phagmodrupa dynasty
* Rinpungpa dynasty
* Tsangpa dynasty
* Khoshut Khanate
* Ganden Phodrang
* Ming–Tibet relations
* Qing rule
* 13th and 14th Dalai Lama
* PRC rule

See also

* Timeline
* Historical money
* List of rulers
* European exploration

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This article lists the rulers of Tibet from the beginning of legendary history. Included are regimes with their base in Central Tibet, that held authority over at least a substantial portion of the country.

## Pre-Imperial Yarlung dynasty[1]

[edit]

* Nyatri Tsenpo
* Mutri Tsenpo (son)
* Dingtri Tsenpo (son)
* Sotri Tsenpo (son)
* Mertri Tsenpo (son)
* Daktri Tsenpo (son)
* Siptri Tsenpo (son)
* Drigum Tsenpo (son)
* Pude Gunggyal (son)
* Esho Leg (son)
* Desho Leg (son)
* Tisho Leg (son)
* Gongru Leg (son)
* Drongzher Leg (son)
* Isho Leg (son)
* Zanam Zindé (son)
* Detrul Namzhungtsen (son)
* Senöl Namdé (son)
* Senöl Podé (son)
* Denöl Nam (son)
* Denöl Po (son)
* Degyal Po (son)
* Detring Tsen (son)
* Tore Longtsen (son)
* Tritsun Nam (son)
* Tridra Pungtsen (son)
* Tritog Jethogtsen (son)
* Lha Thothori (son)
* Trinyen Zungtsen (son)
* Drongnyen Deu (son)
* Tagri Nyenzig (son)
* Namri Songtsen ?–618 (son)

## Tibetan Empire

[edit]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of emperors of Tibet and List of Lönchen of the Tibetan Empire.

[2]

* Songtsen Gampo 618–641 (son of Namri Songtsen)
* Gungsong Gungtsen 641–646 (son)
* Songtsen Gampo 646–649 (second time)
* Mangsong Mangtsen 649–677 (son of Gungsong Gungtsen)
* Tridu Songtsen 677–704 (son)
* Lha 704–705 (son)
* Khri ma lod 705–712 (widow of Mangsong Mangtsen)
* Me Agtsom 712–755 (son of Tridu Songtsen)
* Trisong Detsen 756–797 (son)
* Muné Tsenpo 797–799 (son)
* Tride Songtsen 799–815 (brother)
* Ralpachen 815–838 (son)
* Langdarma 838–842 (brother)

## Yuan dynasty and Sakya rulers

[edit]

See also: List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty

### Sakya lamas[3]

[edit]

* Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltsen 1216–1251 (Mongol protégé 1247)
* Phagpa Drakpa Gyaltsen 1251–1280 (nephew)
* Dharmapala Raksita 1280–1282 (nephew)
* Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen 1286–1303 (of Sharpa lineage)
* Zangpo Pal 1306–1323 (nephew of Phagpa Drakpa Gyaltsen)
* Khatsun Namkha Lekpa Gyaltsen 1325–1341 (son)
* Jamyang Donyo Gyaltsen 1341–1344 (brother)
* Lama Dampa Sonam Gyaltsen 1344–1347 (brother)
* Lotro Gyaltsen 1347–1365 (nephew)

### Sakya Imperial Preceptors (Dishi)[3]

[edit]

See also: Imperial Preceptor and Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs

* Phagpa Lodro Gyaltsen 1270–1274
* Rinchen Gyaltsen 1274–1279 (brother)
* Dharmapala Raksita 1282–1286 (nephew)
* Yeshe Rinchen 1286–1291
* Drakpa Odzer 1291–1303
* Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen 1304–1305 (brother of Yeshe Rinchen)
* Sanggye Pal 1305–1314 (brother of Drakpa Odzer)
* Kunga Lotro Gyaltsen 1314–1327 (grandnephew of Phagpa Drakpa Gyaltsen)
* Kunga Lekpa Jungne Gyaltsen 1327–1330 (brother)
* Kunga Gyaltsen 1331–1358 (brother)

### Dpon-chens (Ponchens)[3]

[edit]

See also: Dpon-chen

* Shakya Zangpo circa 1264–1270
* Kunga Zangpo circa 1270–1275
* Zhangtsun circa 1275–?
* Chukpo Gangkarwa ?–1280
* Changchub Rinchen 1281/82
* Kunga Zhonnu 1282–circa 1285
* Zhonnu Wangchuk circa 1285–1288
* Changchub Dorje circa 1289
* Aglen Dorje Pal circa 1290–1298
* Zhonnu Wangchuk 1298 (second time)
* Lekpa Pal 1298–circa 1305
* Sengge Pal early 14th century
* Odzer Sengge circa 1315–1317
* Kunga Rinchen circa 1319
* Donyo Pal circa 1320
* Yontsun Drakpa Dar before 1322
* Odzer Sengge ?–1328/29 (second time)
* Gyalwa Zangpo 1328/29–1333
* Wangchuk Pal 1333–1337
* Sonam Pal 1337–1344
* Gyalwa Zangpo 1344–1347 (second time)
* Wangtson 1347–circa 1350
* Gyalwa Zangpo circa 1350–1356/58 (third time)
* Namkha Tenpai Gyaltsen circa 1357
* Palbum ?–1360
* Namkha Tenpai Gyaltsen circa 1364 (second time)

## Phagmodrupa dynasty[4]

[edit]

* Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen 1354–1364
* Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen 1364–1373 (nephew)
* Drakpa Changchub 1374–1381 (nephew)
* Sonam Drakpa 1381–1385 (brother)
* Drakpa Gyaltsen 1385–1432 (cousin)
* Drakpa Jungne 1432–1445 (nephew)
* Kunga Lekpa 1448–1481 (brother)
* Ngagi Wangpo 1481–1491 (son of Drakpa Jungne)
* Tsokye Dorje 1491–1499 (regent, of Rinpungpa lineage)
* Ngawang Tashi Drakpa 1499–1554 (son of Ngagi Wangpo)
* Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen 1554–1556/57 (grandson)
* Ngawang Tashi Drakpa 1556/57–1564 (second time)
* Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen 1576–1603/04 (second time)
* Mipham Wanggyur Gyalpo 1604–1613 (possible grandnephew)
* Mipham Sonam Wangchuk Drakpa Namgyal Palzang 17th century (grandson of Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen)

## Rinpungpa dynasty[5]

[edit]

* Norzang 1435–1466
* Kunzang 1466–circa 1479 (son)
* Donyo Dorje circa 1479–1512 (son)
* Ngawang Namgyal 1512–1544 (cousin)
* Dondup Tseten Dorje 1544–? (son)
* Ngawang Jigme Drakpa 1547–1565 (brother)

## Tsangpa dynasty[6]

[edit]

* Karma Tseten 1565–1599
* Khunpang Lhawang Dorje circa 1582 – 1605/06 (son)
* Karma Thutob Namgyal circa 1586–1610 (brother)
* Karma Tensung 1599–1611 (brother)
* Karma Phuntsok Namgyal 1611–1620 (son of Karma Thutob)
* Karma Tenkyong 1620–1642 (son)

## Gandan Phodrang and Qing dynasty

[edit]

### Khoshut kings of Tibet

[edit]

[7]

* Güshi Khan 1642–1655
* Dayan Khan 1655–1668 (son)
* Tenzin Dalai Khan 1668–1696 (son)
* Tenzin Wangchuk Khan 1696–1697 (son)
* Labzang Khan 1697–1717 (brother)

### Dalai Lamas

[edit]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Dalai Lamas.

See also: Dalai Lama

[7]

* 5th Dalai Lama (Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, 1642–1682)

Regents (Desi): Sonam Rapten (1642–1658), Depa Norbu (1659–1660),[8] Trinlé Gyatso (1660–1668), Lozang Tutop (1669–1675), Lozang Jinpa (1675–1679), Sangye Gyatso (1679–1703)[9]
* 6th Dalai Lama (Tsangyang Gyatso, 1697–1706)

Regents: Ngawang Rinchen (1703–1706), Khangchennä (1721–1728)
* 7th Dalai Lama (Kelzang Gyatso, 1720–1757)

Regents: Polhanas (1728–1747), Gyurme Namgyal (1747–1750), the sixth Demo Rinpoche (1757–1777)
* 8th Dalai Lama (Jamphel Gyatso, 1762–1804)

Regents: the 1st Tsemonling Rinpoche (1777–1786), Yeshe Lobsang Tenpai Gonpo, the 8th Kundeling Lama (1791–1811), the 7th Demo Rinpoche (1811–1818)
* 9th Dalai Lama (Lungtok Gyatso, 1810–1815)

Regent: the 2nd Tsemonling Lama (1819–1844)
* 10th Dalai Lama (Tsultrim Gyatso, 1826–1837)

Regent: Ngawang Yeshe Tsultrim Gyaltsen, the 3rd Reting Rinpoche (1845–1862)
* 11th Dalai Lama (Khedrup Gyatso, 1842–1856)
* 12th Dalai Lama (Trinley Gyatso, 1860–1875)

Regents: Shatra Wangchuk Gyalpo (1862–1864), Dedruk Khyenrab Wangchuk (1864–1873), the 10th Kundeling Lama Tatsak Ngawang Pelden (1875–1886), the 9th Demo Rinpoche Lozang Trinlé (1886–1895)
* 13th Dalai Lama (Thubten Gyatso, 1879–1933)

Regents: the 5th Reting Rinpoche, Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen (1934–1941), Taktra Rinpoche (1941–1950)
* 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso, 1950–Present)

### Panchen Lamas

[edit]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Panchen Lamas.

See also: Panchen Lama

### Dzungar occupation

[edit]

* Tagtsepa (deputy of Tsewang Rabtan) 1717–1720

### Qing rule

[edit]

See also: List of emperors of the Qing dynasty

#### Rule by Lay Aristocrats[7]

[edit]

* Khangchenné 1721–1727
* Polhané Sönam Topgyé 1728–1747
* Gyurme Namgyal 1747–1750 (son)

#### Qing imperial residents (Ambans)

[edit]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Qing ambans in Tibet.

See also: Lifan Yuan

* Sengge 1727–1733 (first)
* Lianyu 1906–1912 (last)

### 20th century Silöns (prime ministers)

[edit]

* Changkhyim 1907–1920
* Paljor Dorje Shatra 1907–1923
* Sholkhang 1907–1926
* Langdün Künga Wangchuk 1926–1940
* acting silöns: Lobsang Tashi and Lukhangwa 1950–1952

## Modern political leaders within China

[edit]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of modern political leaders of Tibet.

See also: List of leaders of the People's Republic of China

## See also

[edit]

* History of Tibet
* Pre-Imperial Tibet
* Tibetan Empire
* List of emperors of Tibet
* Guge
* Sakya
* Mongol invasions of Tibet
* Tibet under Yuan rule
* Phagmodrupa dynasty
* Rinpungpa
* Tsangpa
* Ganden Phodrang
* Dalai Lama
* Panchen Lama
* Khoshut Khanate
* Dzungar Khanate
* Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
* Tibet under Qing rule
* Tibet (1912–1951)
* List of modern political leaders of Tibet

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Ancient Tibet: Research materials from the Yeshe De project. Berkeley 1986, pp. 141-78; Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, Tibet. A Political History. Yale 1967.
2. ^ Christopher I. Beckwith, The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia. Princeton 1987, pp. 226–9; Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, Tibet. A Political History. Yale 1967.
3. ^ a b c Luciano Petech, Central Tibet and the Mongols. Rome 1990.
4. ^ Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls. [Rome 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, Deb T'er Dmar Po Gsarma. Rome 1971; Per K. Sørensen & Guntram Hazod, Rulers on the Celestial Plain. Wien 2007; Olaf Czaja, Medieval rule in Tibet, Vol. I-II. Wien 2013.
5. ^ Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, 1971; Olaf Czaja, 2013.
6. ^ Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Hugh E. Richardson, A Short History of Tibet. New York 1962.
7. ^ a b c Hugh E. Richardson, 1962; Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, 1967.
8. ^ Samten G. Karmay, The Illusive Play; The Political Autobiography of the Fifth Dalai Lama, Vol. 1 (a.k.a. The Dukula), Serindia, Chicago 2014, pp. 403-425
9. ^ Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet, Vol. 2, Brill, Boston, 2010, p. 1133

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Tibet articles

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Wars and
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* Tibetan attack on Songzhou
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* Mongol invasions of Tibet
* Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
* Battle of Dartsedo
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* Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
* Jinchuan campaigns
* Lhasa riot of 1750
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* Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)
* Sikkim expedition
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* Battle of Chamdo
* Protests and uprisings since 1950
* 1959 Tibetan uprising
* 1987–1989 Tibetan unrest
* 2008 Tibetan unrest
* Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China
* Special Frontier Force

Documents|

* Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684)
* 13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)
* 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)
* Treaty of Chushul (1842)
* Treaty of Thapathali (1856)
* Convention of Calcutta (1890)
* Treaty of Lhasa (1904)
* Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)
* Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)
* Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)
* Simla Accord (1914)
* Seventeen Point Agreement (1951)
* Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)
* 70,000 Character Petition (1962)
* Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy (2008)

Geography|

* Flora
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*   * Mountains
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* Rivers
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Traditional regions|

* Amdo
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Politics|

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Culture|

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