List of tallest buildings in Europe

See also: List of tallest buildings in the European Union and List of tallest structures in Europe

The Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg is the tallest skyscraper in Europe.

Seven of the ten tallest buildings in Europe are located within the Moscow International Business Center (MIBC)

This list of tallest buildings in Europe ranks skyscrapers in Europe by height exceeding 190 metres (623 ft). For decades, only a few major cities, such as Milan, Moscow, Istanbul, London, Paris, Frankfurt, Warsaw contained skyscrapers. In recent years, however, construction has spread to many other cities on the continent, including Lyon, Manchester, Madrid and Rotterdam. The tallest building in Europe is the Lakhta Center, located in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

As of 2025, only one European city has 100 or more skyscrapers exceeding 150 metres (490 ft): Moscow (111). Five other European cities have 10 or more skyscrapers exceeding 150 metres (490 ft): Istanbul (52),A London (43), Paris (24), Frankfurt (20), and Warsaw (17). Additionally, only five cities in Europe have supertall skyscrapers: Moscow (7), Warsaw (1), London (1), Saint Petersburg (1) and Istanbul (1)

## Tallest buildings

[edit]

This list ranks skyscrapers in Europe that stand at least 190 metres (623 ft) tall, based on standard height measurements. Architectural details do not include antenna masts. Existing structures are included for ranking purposes based on present height. Many non-architectural extensions (such as radio antennas) are easily added and removed from tall buildings without significantly changing the style and design of the building, which is seen as a significant part of the value of these buildings.

* The City of London, London, United Kingdom

* Canary Wharf in London viewed from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich

* Skyline of Frankfurt, Germany

* La Défense skyline, Paris, France

* Skyline of Warsaw, Poland

* Skyline of Levent, Istanbul, Turkey

* Madrid, Spain

* Milanese skyline of Porta Nuova district viewed from Piazza del Duomo, Italy

* Manchester, United Kingdom

* Rotterdam, the Netherlands

† Was Europe's tallest building upon completion

Indicates buildings that have been architecturally topped out but are not yet completed

Rank  | Name | Image | City | Country | Height m

(ft)

| Floors | Year | Notes | Ref

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | Lakhta Center |  | Saint Petersburg |  Russia | 462 (1,516) | 87 | 2019 | Tallest building in Europe |
2  | Federation: East Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 373.7 (1,226) | 93 | 2016 | Briefly the tallest building in Europe until completion of Lakhta Center. |
3  | OKO: South Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 354.2 (1,162) | 90 | 2015 | Briefly the tallest building in Europe until completion of Federation: East Tower. |
4  | Neva Tower 2 |  | Moscow |  Russia | 345 (1,132) | 79 | 2020 | Tallest residential building in Europe. |
5  | Mercury City Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 338.8 (1,112) | 75 | 2013 | Briefly the tallest building in Europe until completion of OKO: South Tower. |
6  | Varso Tower |  | Warsaw |  Poland | 310 (1,017) | 53 | 2022 | Tallest building in the European Union and in Central Europe. |
7  | The Shard |  | London |  United Kingdom | 309.6 (1,016) | 73 | 2012 | Tallest building in Western Europe. Briefly the tallest building in Europe until completion of Mercury City Tower. |
8  | Eurasia |  | Moscow |  Russia | 308.9 (1,013) | 67 | 2015 |  |
9  | Neva Tower 1 |  | Moscow |  Russia | 302 (991) | 65 | 2020 |  |
10  | City of Capitals: Moscow Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 301.8 (990) | 76 | 2010 | Briefly the tallest building in Europe until completion of The Shard. |
10  | Capital Towers: Park Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 295 (968) | 70 | 2022 |  |
12  | Capital Towers: City Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 295 (968) | 67 | 2022 |  |
12  | Capital Towers: River Tower[1] |  | Moscow |  Russia | 295 (968) | 67 | 2022 |  |
14  | National Space Center Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 288 (945) | 46 | 2024 |  |
15  | Skyland İstanbul: Tower 1 |  | IstanbulA |  Turkey | 284 (932) | 65 | 2017 |  |
15  | Skyland İstanbul: Tower 2 |  | IstanbulA |  Turkey | 284 (932) | 64 | 2017 |  |
17  | Grand Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 283.4 (930) | 62 | 2022 |  |
18  | 22 Bishopsgate |  | London |  United Kingdom | 278 (912) | 62 | 2020 |  |
19  | Naberezhnaya Tower C |  | Moscow |  Russia | 268.4 (881) | 61 | 2007 |  |
20  | Triumph Palace |  | Moscow |  Russia | 264.1 (866) | 57 | 2005 |  |
21  | Istanbul Sapphire |  | IstanbulA |  Turkey | 261 (856) | 55 | 2010 |  |
22  | Commerzbank Tower |  | Frankfurt |  Germany | 259 (850) | 56 | 1997 |  |
23  | City of Capitals: Saint Petersburg Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 256.9 (843) | 65 | 2010 |  |
24  | Messeturm |  | Frankfurt |  Germany | 256.5 (842) | 55 | 1990 |  |
25  | iCity: Space Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 256 (840) | 61 | 2023 |  |
26  | Torre de Cristal |  | Madrid |  Spain | 249 (817) | 50 | 2008 |  |
27  | Torre Cepsa |  | Madrid |  Spain | 248.3 (815) | 45 | 2008 |  |
28  | Karlatornet |  | Gothenburg |  Sweden | 247 (810) | 74 | 2023 |  |
29  | Evolution Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 245.9 (807) | 55 | 2015 |  |
30  | Federation: West Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 242.2 (798) | 62 | 2007 |  |
30  | The Link |  | Paris |  France | 242 (794) | 52 | 2025 |
32  | Moscow State University |  | Moscow |  Russia | 239 (787) | 39 | 1953 |  |
33  | Imperia Tower | framless | Moscow |  Russia | 238.6 (783) | 59 | 2011 |  |
34  | Palace of Culture and Science |  | Warsaw |  Poland | 237 (778) | 42 | 1955 |  |
35  | One Canada Square |  | London |  United Kingdom | 236 (774) | 50 | 1991 |  |
35  | Torre PwC |  | Madrid |  Spain | 236 (774) | 52 | 2008 |  |
37  | Landmark Pinnacle |  | London |  United Kingdom | 233.2 (765) | 75 | 2019 |  |
38  | Four I |  | Frankfurt |  Germany | 233 (764) | 59 | 2024 |  |
39  | Tour First |  | ParisB |  France | 231 (758) | 56 | 2011 |  |
40  | Unicredit Tower |  | Milan |  Italy | 231 (758) | 31 | 2012 |  |
41  | Heron Tower |  | London |  United Kingdom | 230 (755) | 46 | 2011 |  |
42  | Torre Emperador |  | Madrid |  Spain | 228 (748) | 57 | 2008 |  |
43  | Leadenhall Building |  | London |  United Kingdom | 224 (735) | 48 | 2014 |  |
43  | OKO: North Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 224.9 (735) | 49 | 2014 |  |
43  | Olszynki Park |  | Rzeszów |  Poland | 220.67 (724) | 42 | 2024 |  |
46  | DC Towers: Tower 1[2] |  | Vienna |  Austria | 220 (722) | 60 | 2013 |  |
46  | Nurol Life [fr][3] |  | IstanbulA |  Turkey | 220 (722) | 60 | 2017 |  |
46  | Istanbul Tower 205[4] |  | IstanbulA |  Turkey | 220 (722) | 53 | 2018 |  |
46  | Warsaw Spire |  | Warsaw |  Poland | 220 (722) | 49 | 2016 |  |
46  | Tour Hekla |  | ParisC |  France | 220 (722) | 41 | 2022 |  |
51  | Newfoundland |  | London |  United Kingdom | 219.7 (721) | 58 | 2019 |  |
52  | Aspen at Consort Place |  | London |  United Kingdom | 215.8 (708) | 64 | 2023 |  |
53  | Zalmhaven Tower |  | Rotterdam |  Netherlands | 215 (705) | 58 | 2022 |  |
53  | Sky Tower[5] |  | Wrocław |  Poland | 215 (705) | 51 | 2013 |  |
53  | South Quay Plaza I |  | London |  United Kingdom | 214.5 (704) | 68 | 2018 |  |
56  | House on Mosfilmovskaya: Tower 1 |  | Moscow |  Russia | 213.3 (700) | 54 | 2011[6] |  |
57  | Tour Montparnasse |  | Paris |  France | 210 (689) | 59 | 1972 |  |
58  | Allianz Tower |  | Milan |  Italy | 209.2 (686) | 50 | 2015 |  |
59  | Westend Tower |  | Frankfurt |  Germany | 208 (682) | 53 | 1993 |  |
60  | Hotel Ukraina |  | Moscow |  Russia | 206 (676) | 34 | 1955 |  |
61  | Roche Tower 2 |  | Basel |  Switzerland | 205 (673) | 50 | 2022 |  |
61  | Piedmont Region Headquarters |  | Turin |  Italy | 205 (673) | 42 | 2022[7] |  |
63  | One Park Drive |  | London |  United Kingdom | 204.9 (672) | 57 | 2021 |  |
64  | 8 Bishopsgate |  | London |  United Kingdom | 204 (669) | 51 | 2022 |  |
65  | Millennium Tower |  | Vienna |  Austria | 202 (663) | 50 | 1999 |  |
66  | Intempo |  | Benidorm |  Spain | 202.5 (664) | 47 | 2021 |  |
66  | Spine Tower |  | Istanbul |  Turkey | 202 (663) | 47 | 2013 |  |
68  | Deansgate Square South Tower |  | Manchester |  United Kingdom | 201 (659) | 64 | 2019 |  |
69  | Warsaw Unit |  | Warsaw |  Poland | 200.7 (658) | 46 | 2021 |  |
70  | MOD Dreiser Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 200 (656) | 55 | 2023 |
71  | MOD Mann Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 200 (656) | 55 | 2023 |
72  | 25 Canada Square |  | London |  United Kingdom | 200 (656) | 45 | 2001 |  |
73  | One Nine Elms City Tower |  | London |  United Kingdom | 200 (656) | 58 | 2022 |  |
74  | Main Tower |  | Frankfurt |  Germany | 200 (656) | 55 | 1999 |  |
74  | Tower 185 |  | Frankfurt |  Germany | 200 (656) | 50 | 2011 |  |
76  | Tour Incity |  | Lyon |  France | 200 (656) | 39 | 2015 |  |
77  | 8 Canada Square |  | London |  United Kingdom | 199.5 (655) | 45 | 2002 |  |
78  | Will Towers 1 |  | Moscow |  Russia | 199 (653) | 56 | 2023 |
79  | Fili City:Famous Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 198.6 (646) | 57 | 2025 |  |
80  | Upside Towers, Elbrus Tower[8] |  | Moscow |  Russia | 198 (650) | 57 | 2024 |
81  | Wellton Towers 2[9] |  | Moscow |  Russia | 195.2 (640) | 58 | 2020 |  |
82  | Skyliner |  | Warsaw |  Poland | 195 (640) | 45 | 2021 |  |
82  | Queen Central Park |  | Istanbul |  Turkey | 195 (640) | 52 | 2018 |  |
84  | Anthill Residence 1[10] |  | Istanbul |  Turkey | 194.5 (638) | 54 | 2011 |  |
84  | Anthill Residence 2[11] |  | Istanbul |  Turkey | 194.5 (638) | 54 | 2011 |  |
86  | Tour Majunga |  | ParisC |  France | 194 (636) | 45 | 2014 |  |
86  | Ciftci Tower A |  | Istanbul |  Turkey | 194 (636) | 45 | 2018 |  |
86  | Ciftci Tower B |  | Istanbul |  Turkey | 194 (636) | 45 | 2018 |  |
86  | Tricolor: Tower A[12] |  | Moscow |  Russia | 194 (636) | 58 | 2013 |  |
90  | Sberbank City: Tower A[13] |  | Moscow |  Russia | 193 (633) | 47 | 2015 |  |
91  | Harcourt Gardens |  | London |  United Kingdom | 192 (630) | 56 | 2024 |  |
92  | Złota 44 |  | Warsaw |  Poland | 192 (630) | 54 | 2012 |  |
93  | Generali Tower |  | Milan |  Italy | 191.5 (628) | 44 | 2018 |  |
94  | D1: Kingchess Tower[14] |  | Moscow |  Russia | 191 (627) | 59 | 2020 |  |
94  | D1: Excelsior Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 191 (627) | 59 | 2020 |  |
94  | Continental[15] |  | Moscow |  Russia | 191 (627) | 48 | 2011 |  |
97  | ONE |  | Frankfurt |  Germany | 190.9 (627) | 49 | 2022 |  |
97  | Symphony 34: Graphite Tower |  | Moscow |  Russia | 191 (627) | 54 | 2023 |  |
99  | HSB Turning Torso |  | Malmö |  Sweden | 190 (623) | 57 | 2005 |  |
100  | The Scalpel |  | London |  United Kingdom | 190 (623) | 38 | 2018 |  |
100  | Tricolor: Tower B[12] |  | Moscow |  Russia | 190 (636) | 56 | 2013 |  |
102  | Omniturm |  | Frankfurt |  Germany | 189.9 (623) | 45 | 2019 |  |

## Timeline of tallest buildings

[edit]

Name  | City  | Country  | Years tallest  | Height  | Floors

|
|
|
|
|

Metres  | Feet
Lakhta Center | Saint Petersburg | Russia | 2017–present | 462.5 | 1,517 | 87
Federation: East Tower | Moscow | Russia | 2016-2017 | 373.7 | 1,226 | 95
OKO: South Tower | Moscow | Russia | 2015–2016 | 354.1 | 1,162 | 85
Mercury City Tower | Moscow | Russia | 2012–2014 | 338.8 | 1,112 | 75
The Shard | London | United Kingdom | 2011–2012 | 309.6 | 1,016 | 87
CoC: Moscow Tower | Moscow | Russia | 2009–2011 | 301.6 | 990 | 77
Naberezhnaya Tower C | Moscow | Russia | 2007–2009 | 268.4 | 881 | 59
Triumph Palace | Moscow | Russia | 2005–2007 | 264.1 | 866 | 57
Commerzbank Tower | Frankfurt | Germany | 1997–2005 | 259 | 850 | 56
Messeturm | Frankfurt | Germany | 1990–1997 | 257 | 843 | 55
Moscow State University | Moscow | Russia | 1953–1990 | 240 | 787 | 42
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment Building | Moscow | Russia | 1952–1953 | 176 | 577 | 32
Terrazza Martini Tower | Genoa | Italy | 1940–1952 | 108 | 354 | 31
Royal Liver Building | Liverpool | United Kingdom | 1911–1940 | 98 (clock towers) | 322 | 13
Hungarian Parliament Building | Budapest | Hungary | 1904–1911 | 96 | 315 | 4
Witte Huis | Rotterdam | Netherlands | 1898–1904 | 43 | 141 | 10

## Under construction

[edit]

Name  | City  | Country  | Height  | Floors  | Estimated
completion

|
|
|
|
|

Lakhta Center 2 [16] | Saint Petersburg  | Russia | 703 m (2,306 ft) | 146 | 2035
Wildberries Tower [17] | Moscow  | Russia | 400 m (1,300 ft) | 75 | 2030
2nd Krasnogvardeyskiy proyezd, Tower 1[18] | Moscow | Russia | 393.3 (1,290) | 100 |
One Tower | Moscow | Russia | 390 m (1,280 ft)[19] | 109 | 2030
Dau House[20] | Moscow | Russia | 340 m (1,120 ft) | 85 | 2027
2nd Krasnogvardeyskiy proyezd, Tower 2[18] | Moscow | Russia | 338.8 (1,112) | 85 |
Torre Madrid Nuevo Norte 1 | Spain  | Madrid  | 330 (or 340) m (1,082 ft)[21] | 77  | 2030
Torre Madrid Nuevo Norte 2 | Spain  | Madrid  | 265 m (869 ft)  |  | 2030
Torre Madrid Nuevo Norte 3 | Spain  | Madrid  | 240 m (787 ft)  |  | 2030
Torre Chamartín I (part of MNN)  | Spain  | Madrid  | 220 m (721 ft)  |  | 2030
Torre Madrid Nuevo Norte 4 | Spain  | Madrid  | 180 m (590 ft)  |  | 2030
Torre Chamartín II (part of MNN)  | Spain  | Madrid  | 160 m (525 ft)  |  | 2030
The Five | Moscow | Russia | 274 m (899 ft) | 75 |
Kutuzovskiy Prospekt, Tower 1 | Moscow | Russia | 250 m (820 ft) | 65 |
Kutuzovskiy Prospekt, Tower 2 | Moscow | Russia | 250 m (820 ft) | 65 |
Elbtower | Hamburg | Germany | 245 m (804 ft) | 57  | 2026 (On hold)[22]
Level Zvenigorodskaya, Tower 3[23] | Moscow | Russia | 240 (787) | 66 | 2028
Vysotka na Zhukova | Moscow | Russia | 233 m (764 ft) | 49 | 2028
FM Tower | Pristina | Kosovo | 230 m (750 ft) | 47 |
Sezar Tower | Moscow | Russia | 228 m (748 ft) | 60 | 2027
Severny Port, Tower 7.3 | Moscow | Russia | 228 m (748 ft) | 47 | 2028
Level South Port, Tower 1[24] | Moscow | Russia | 225 m (738 ft) | 69 | 2026
Level South Port, Tower 3[25] | Moscow | Russia | 225 m (738 ft) | 69 | 2026
Level South Port, Tower 10[26] | Moscow | Russia | 225 m (738 ft) | 69 | 2026
Bell | Moscow | Russia | 220 (722) | 50 | 2030
Era, Tower 1[27] | Moscow | Russia | 210 m (690 ft) | 54 |
Level Nizhegorodskaya, Tower 2 | Moscow | Russia | 209.6 (688) | 58 | 2030
Level Nizhegorodskaya, Tower 3 | Moscow | Russia | 209.6 (688) | 58 | 2030
Mount Tirana[28] | Tirana | Albania | 206.4 m (677 ft) | 58 | 2030
Paveletskaya City | Moscow | Russia | 206.7 m (678 ft) | 56 |
Central Business Tower[29] | Frankfurt | Germany | 205 m (673 ft) | 52 | 2028
Lana Riverside Tower | Tirana | Albania | 204.45 m (670.8 ft) | 56 |
Sky Fort Business Center[30] | Sofia | Bulgaria | 202 m (663 ft) | 52 | 2025
Amber City, Tower 1 | Moscow | Russia | 200 m (660 ft) | 63 | 2027
Jois, Tower 2 | Moscow | Russia | 200 m (660 ft) | 57 | 2026
Obrucheva 30, Tower 1 | Moscow | Russia | 200 m (660 ft) | 60 | 2026
Sydney City, Tower 1 | Moscow | Russia | 200 m (660 ft) | 55 | 2028
Upside Towers, Everest Tower | Moscow | Russia | 200 m (660 ft) | 58 | 2027
Kutuzovskiy Prospekt, Tower 3 | Moscow | Russia | 200 m (660 ft) | 65 |
Kutuzovskiy Prospekt, Tower 4 | Moscow | Russia | 200 m (660 ft) | 65 |
Sezar Future | Moscow | Russia | 200 m (660 ft) | 59 | 2030
City Bay, Pacific Tower 1 | Moscow | Russia | 199 (653) | 59 | 2027
City Bay, Pacific Tower 4 | Moscow | Russia | 199 (653) | 59 | 2027
Level Zvenigorodskaya, Tower 1 | Moscow | Russia | 199 m (653 ft) | 63 | 2028
Riviera Tower[31] | Athens | Greece  | 198 m (650 ft)  | 45  | 2026
Hard Rock Hotel & Casino  | Athens | Greece  | 197 m (646 ft)  | 42  | 2026
Indy Tower[32] | Moscow | Russia | 195.7 m (642 ft) | 43 | 2026
Set, Tower 1 | Moscow | Russia | 195 m (640 ft) | 59 |
Veer, Tower 1 | Moscow | Russia | 195 m (640 ft) | 59 | 2027
Veer, Tower 2 | Moscow | Russia | 195 m (640 ft) | 59 | 2027
HideOut | Moscow | Russia | 190 m (620 ft) | 53 | 2028
Jois, Tower 1 | Moscow | Russia | 300 m (980 ft)? | 84 | 2028

## See also

[edit]

* List of tallest structures in Europe
* List of tallest buildings in Europe by year
* List of tallest buildings in the Balkans
* List of tallest buildings in Africa
* List of tallest buildings in Asia
* List of tallest buildings in Oceania
* List of tallest buildings in Scandinavia
* List of tallest buildings

## Notes

[edit]

* ^A Only skyscrapers located in the European part of Istanbul are included. See Europe for more details.
* ^B Specifically located in the La Défense district, commune of Courbevoie, in the inner suburbs of Paris
* ^C Specifically located in the La Défense district, commune of Puteaux, in the inner suburbs of Paris

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Capital Tower 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
2. ^ "DC Towers Facts and Figures". DC Towers. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
3. ^ "Nurol Life, Istanbul". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
4. ^ "Istanbul Tower 205". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 3 April 2022.CTBUH+Skyscraper+Center&rft.atitle=Istanbul+Tower+205&rft_id=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/wd/14383&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+tallest+buildings+in+Europe" class="Z3988">
5. ^ "Sky Tower 1, Wrocław". Emporis. Archived from the original on 10 January 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
6. ^ Topped out in 2009, but still under construction
7. ^ Under construction; inauguration scheduled for 2022.
8. ^ "Upside Towers".
9. ^ "Документы". www.wellton-towers.ru.
10. ^ "Anthill Residence 1". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
11. ^ "Anthill Residence 2". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
12. ^ a b "Tricolor 1, Moscow – 1191639". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
13. ^ "Mirax Plaza – Tower A". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
14. ^ "Жилой комплекс бизнес-класса "D1": официальный сайт ЖК "Дмитровский 1" от застройщика "MR Group"". d1-dom.ru.
15. ^ "Continental". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
16. ^ "В Петербурге, предположительно, стартовало строительство второго по высоте здания в мире".
17. ^ "Wildberries купит небоскреб возле «Москва-Сити» под штаб-квартиру РВБ".
18. ^ a b "Появился проект башен «Сити-2» на месте пятиэтажек микрорайона Камушки".
19. ^ "Многофункциональный высотный жилой комплекс в ММДЦ "Москва Сити", 2 этап | Sergey Skuratov Architects". skuratov-arch.ru.
20. ^ "Дом Дау".
21. ^ "La promotora Crea Madrid Nuevo Norte construirá en Chamartín ocho torres de oficinas y 2.595 viviendas". El Pais.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
22. ^ Pestalozzi, Manuel. "Construction Halted at Elbtower". World Architects. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
23. ^ "ЖК Level Звенигородская – Москва, СЗАО, район Хорошево-Мневники, 3-й Силикатный проезд, владение 6/1". elitnoe.ru. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
24. ^ "Level Group". level.ru.
25. ^ "Level Group". level.ru.
26. ^ "Level Group". level.ru.
27. ^ "Квартиры в ЖК ERA в Даниловском районе Москвы - цены от застройщика Tekta Group".
28. ^ "Mount Tirana // CEBRA architecture". CEBRA architecture. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
29. ^ PropertyEU. "Central Business Tower: Blending history with innovation in Frankfurt". PropertyEU. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
30. ^ Първият истински небостъргач на София (in Bulgarian). capital.bg. 26 August 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
31. ^ "Riviera Tower - The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
32. ^ "Indy Towers".

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[edit]

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* Oil platforms
* Pyramids
* Roller coasters
* Statues
* Colossal sculpture in situ
* Hindu deity
* Twin structures
* Visionary structures
* Wood

Related
topics|

* Air traffic obstacle
* Antenna height considerations
* Architectural engineering
* Construction
* Early skyscrapers
* Fires
* Groundscraper
* Guyed mast
* Height restriction laws
* Largest buildings
* Megaprojects
* Megastructure
* Skyscraper
* Skyscraper Index
* Storey
* Tower block
* Vanity height

*[CTBUH]: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
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