List of talpids

Species in mammal family Talpidae

Clockwise from top right: Small Japanese mole (Mogera imaizumii), Russian desman (Desmana moschata), Eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus), European mole (Talpa europaea), Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus)

Talpidae is one of the four families of small mammals in the order Eulipotyphla. A member of this family is called a talpid and the family includes moles, shrew moles, and desmans. Talpids are found in North America, Europe, and Asia, primarily in forests, shrublands, grasslands, and wetlands, though some species can also be found in deserts or coastal areas. They range in size from the Chinese shrew mole, at 6 cm (2 in) plus a 5 cm (2 in) tail, to the Russian desman, at 22 cm (9 in) plus a 22 cm (9 in) tail. Talpids primarily eat earthworms, insects, and other invertebrates, but some also consume fish, mollusks, amphibians, crustaceans, plants, and fungi. No talpids have population estimates, but the Pyrenean desman and Echigo mole are categorized as endangered species, while the Russian desman is categorized as critically endangered.

The forty-five extant species of Talpidae are divided into three subfamilies: Scalopinae, containing seven mole species in five genera, Talpinae, containing thirty-three mole, shrew mole, and desman species in eleven genera, and Uropsilinae, containing four shrew mole species in a single genus. A few extinct prehistoric Talpidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1]

## Conventions

[edit]

IUCN Red List categoriesConservation status

EX | Extinct (0 species)
EW | Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR | Critically Endangered (1 species)
EN | Endangered (2 species)
VU | Vulnerable (1 species)
NT | Near threatened (1 species)
LC | Least concern (35 species)
Other categories
DD | Data deficient (4 species)
NE | Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the talpid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

## Classification

[edit]

The family Talpidae consists of three subfamilies: Scalopinae, containing seven mole species in five genera, Talpinae, containing thirty-three mole, shrew mole, and desman species in eleven genera, and Uropsilinae, containing four shrew mole species in a single genus.

Family Talpidae

* Subfamily Scalopinae
* Genus Condylura (star-nosed mole): one species
* Genus Parascalops (hairy-tailed mole): one species
* Genus Scalopus (eastern mole): one species
* Genus Scapanulus (Gansu mole): one species
* Genus Scapanus (western moles): three species
* Subfamily Talpinae
* Genus Desmana (Russian desman): one species
* Genus Dymecodon (True's shrew mole): one species
* Genus Euroscaptor (Asiatic moles): seven species
* Genus Galemys (Pyrenean desman): one species
* Genus Mogera (East Asian moles): seven species
* Genus Neurotrichus (American shrew mole): one species
* Genus Parascaptor (white-tailed mole): one species
* Genus Scaptochirus (short-faced mole): one species
* Genus Scaptonyx (long-tailed mole): one species
* Genus Talpa (European moles): eleven species
* Genus Urotrichus (Japanese shrew mole): one species
* Subfamily Uropsilinae
* Genus Uropsilus (shrew-like moles): four species

| Talpidae[2] |

|  |

| Scalopinae |

|  |

|  |

|  |

Scapanulus

|

Parascalops

|  |

Scalopus

|

Scapanus

Condylura

Talpinae |

|  |

|  |

Desmana

|

Galemys

|  |

|  |

Scaptonyx

|

|  |

|  |

Urotrichus

|

Dymecodon

Neurotrichus

|  |

Talpa

|

|  |

|  |

Euroscaptor

|

Mogera

|  |

Parascaptor

|

Neurotrichus

| Uropsilinae |

Uropsilus

|

## Talpids

[edit]

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[3]

### Subfamily Scalopinae

[edit]

Main article: Scalopinae

Genus Condylura – Illiger, 1811 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Star-nosed mole

| C. cristata
(Linnaeus, 1758) | Eastern United States and Canada
| Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands[5]

Diet: Aquatic invertebrates, as well as other invertebrates, crustaceans, mollusks and small fish[6] |  LC

Unknown [5]

Genus Parascalops – True, 1894 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Hairy-tailed mole

| P. breweri
(Bachman, 1842) | Eastern United States and Canada
| Size: 13–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail[7]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[8]

Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates[7] |  LC

Unknown [8]

Genus Scalopus – Geoffroy, 1803 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Eastern mole

| S. aquaticus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Four subspecies

* S. a. anastasae (Anastasia Island mole)
* S. a. aquaticus (Eastern mole)
* S. a. bassi (Englewood mole)
* S. a. texanus (Presidia mole)

| Eastern and central North America
| Size: 14–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[9]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[10]

Diet: Insects and earthworms, as well as plants[9] |  LC

Unknown [10]

Genus Scapanulus – Thomas, 1912 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Gansu mole

| S. oweni
Thomas, 1912 | Central China
| Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail[11]

Habitat: Forest[12]

Diet: Earthworms and other invertebrates[11] |  LC

Unknown [12]

Genus Scapanus – Pomel, 1848 – three species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Coast mole

| S. orarius
(True, 1896)

Two subspecies

* S. o. orarius
* S. o. schefferi (Scheffer's coast mole)

| Western United States and Canada
| Size: 13–19 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail[13]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and coastal marine[14]

Diet: Earthworms, as well as other invertebrates, mollusks, plants, and fungi[13] |  LC

Unknown [14]

Northern broad-footed mole

| S. latimanus
(Bachman, 1842)

Six subspecies

* S. l. anthonyi (Mexican mole)
* S. l. insularis
* S. l. latimanus
* S. l. minusculus
* S. l. occultus (Southern broad-footed mole)
* S. l. parvus

| Western United States and Mexico
| Size: 11–19 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 2–6 cm (1–2 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Grassland, savanna, and forest[15]

Diet: Earthworms and other invertebrates[4] |  LC

Unknown [15]

Townsend's mole

| S. townsendii
(Bachman, 1839) | Western United States and Canada
| Size: 11–19 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 2–6 cm (1–2 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[16]

Diet: Earthworms, as well as other invertebrates and plants[17] |  LC

Unknown [16]

### Subfamily Talpinae

[edit]

Main article: Talpinae

Genus Desmana – Güldenstädt, 1777 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Russian desman

| D. moschata
(Linnaeus, 1758) | Western and central Asia
| Size: 18–22 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 17–22 cm (7–9 in) tail[18]

Habitat: Inland wetlands[19]

Diet: Fish, mollusks, amphibians, crustaceans, and insects[18] |  CR

Unknown [19]

Genus Dymecodon – True, 1886 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

True's shrew mole

| D. pilirostris
(True, 1886) | Japan
| Size: 6–11 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail[20]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[21]

Diet: Worms, insects, and other invertebrates[20] |  LC

Unknown [21]

Genus Euroscaptor – Miller, 1940 – seven species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Greater Chinese mole

| E. grandis
Miller, 1940 | Southern China
| Size: About 15 cm (6 in) long, plus 10 cm (4 in) tail[22]

Habitat: Forest[23]

Diet: Insects and other invertebrates[24] |  LC

Unknown [23]

Himalayan mole

| E. micrura
(Hodgson, 1841) | Southern Asia
| Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail[22]

Habitat: Forest[25]

Diet: Insects and other invertebrates[24] |  LC

Unknown [25]

Japanese mountain mole

| E. mizura
(Günther, 1880) | Japan
| Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail[24]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[26]

Diet: Insects and other invertebrates[24] |  LC

Unknown [26]

Kloss's mole

| E. klossi
(Thomas, 1929) | Southeastern Asia
| Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 11–17 cm (4–7 in) tail[22]

Habitat: Forest[27]

Diet: Insects and other invertebrates[24] |  LC

Unknown [27]

Long-nosed mole

| E. longirostris
(A. Milne-Edwards, 1870) | Southeastern China
| Size: 9–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail[22]

Habitat: Forest[28]

Diet: Insects and other invertebrates[24] |  LC

Unknown [28]

Small-toothed mole

| E. parvidens
Miller, 1940 | Southeastern Asia
| Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail[22]

Habitat: Forest[29]

Diet: Insects and other invertebrates[24] |  DD

Unknown [29]

Vietnamese mole

| E. subanura
Kawada, Son, & Can, 2012 | Northern Vietnam
| Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2–2 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Forest[31]

Diet: Insects and other invertebrates[24] |  LC

Unknown [31]

Genus Galemys – Kaup, 1829 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Pyrenean desman

| G. pyrenaicus
(Geoffroy, 1811)

Two subspecies

* G. p. pyrenaicus
* G. p. rufulus

| Iberian Peninsula
| Size: 11–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[32]

Habitat: Inland wetlands[33]

Diet: Insects and crustaceans[34] |  EN

Unknown [33]

Genus Mogera – Pomel, 1848 – seven species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Echigo mole

| M. etigo
Yoshiyuki & Imaizumi, 1991 | Central Japan
| Size: 15–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail[35]

Habitat: Grassland[36]

Diet: Likely earthworms and other invertebrates[24] |  EN

Unknown [36]

Insular mole

| M. insularis
Swinhoe, 1863

Three subspecies

* M. i. hainana
* M. i. insularis
* M. i. latouchei (La Touche's mole)

| Eastern China, Hainan Island, and Taiwan
| Size: 8–14 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail[24]

Habitat: Forest[37]

Diet: Likely earthworms and other invertebrates[24] |  LC

Unknown [37]

Japanese mole

| M. wogura
(Temminck, 1842) | Southern Japan
| Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail[35]

Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest[38]

Diet: Likely earthworms and other invertebrates[24] |  LC

Unknown [38]

Sado mole

| M. tokudae
Kuroda, 1940 | Sado Island, Japan
| Size: 13–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail[35]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[39]

Diet: Likely earthworms and other invertebrates[24] |  NT

Unknown [39]

Senkaku mole

| M. uchidai
Abe, Shiraishi, & Arai, 1991 | Senkaku Islands
| Size: About 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail[24]

Habitat: Grassland[40]

Diet: Likely earthworms and other invertebrates[24] |  VU

Unknown [40]

Small Japanese mole

| M. imaizumii
Kuroda, 1957 | Japan
| Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail[35]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[41]

Diet: Likely earthworms and other invertebrates[24] |  LC

Unknown [41]

Ussuri mole

| M. robusta
Nehring, 1891 | Eastern Asia
| Size: 14–20 cm (6–8 in) long, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail[24]

Habitat: Forest[42]

Diet: Earthworms, caterpillars and insects[42] |  LC

Unknown [42]

Genus Neurotrichus – Günther, 1880 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

American shrew mole

| N. gibbsii
(Baird, 1858) | Western North America
| Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail[43]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[44]

Diet: Earthworms, insects, other invertebrates, fungi, and seeds[45] |  LC

Unknown [44]

Genus Parascaptor – Gill, 1875 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

White-tailed mole

| P. leucura
(Blyth, 1850) | Eastern Asia
| Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail[20]

Habitat: Forest[46]

Diet: Likely earthworms and other invertebrates[20] |  LC

Unknown [46]

Genus Scaptochirus – H. Milne-Edwards, 1867 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Short-faced mole

| S. moschatus
H. Milne-Edwards, 1867 | Northern China
| Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Desert and grassland[48]

Diet: Arthropod larvae[48] |  LC

Unknown [48]

Genus Scaptonyx – H. Milne-Edwards, 1872 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Long-tailed mole

| S. fusicaudus
H. Milne-Edwards, 1872 | Eastern Asia
| Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail[49]

Habitat: Forest[50]

Diet: Likely earthworms and other invertebrates[49] |  LC

Unknown [50]

Genus Talpa – Linnaeus, 1758 – eleven species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Altai mole

| T. altaica
Nikolsky, 1833 | Northern Asia
| Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest[52]

Diet: Earthworms, as well as insects[52] |  LC

Unknown [52]

Balkan mole

| T. stankovici
Martino & Martino, 1931 | Balkans in Europe
| Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Coastal marine[53]

Diet: Worms and insects[51] |  LC

Unknown [53]

Blind mole

| T. caeca
Savi, 1822 | Southern Europe
| Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[54]

Diet: Earthworms and other invertebrates[54] |  LC

Unknown [54]

Caucasian mole

| T. caucasica
Satunin, 1908 | Caucasus Mountains in Russia and Georgia
| Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[55]

Diet: Earthworms, as well as insects[55] |  LC

Unknown [55]

European mole

| T. europaea
Linnaeus, 1758 | Europe and western Asia
| Size: 11–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail[56]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[57]

Diet: Earthworms and insects[56] |  LC

Unknown [57]

Levant mole

| T. levantis
Thomas, 1906 | Caucasus and Northern Turkey
| Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[58]

Diet: Earthworms and other invertebrates[58] |  LC

Unknown [58]

Ognev's mole

| T. ognevi
Stroganov, 1948 | Georgia and northeastern Turkey
| Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[59]

Diet: Worms and insects[51] |  LC

Unknown [59]

Père David's mole

| T. davidiana
(H. Milne-Edwards, 1884) | Turkey and northwestern Iran
| Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Grassland[60]

Diet: Worms and insects[60] |  DD

Unknown [60]

Roman mole

| T. romana
Thomas, 1902 | Southern Italy
| Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest[61]

Diet: Earthworms[61] |  LC

Unknown [61]

Spanish mole

| T. occidentalis
A. Cabrera, 1907 | Spain and Portugal
| Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[62]

Diet: Earthworms and other invertebrates[62] |  LC

Unknown [62]

Talysch mole

| T. talyschensis
Vereshchagin, 1945 | Southern Azerbaijan and northern Iran
| Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[63]

Diet: Worms and insects[51] |  LC

Unknown [63]

Genus Urotrichus – Temminck, 1841 – one species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Japanese shrew mole

| U. talpoides
Temminck, 1841 | Japan
| Size: 6–11 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail[20]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[64]

Diet: Insects, spiders, worms, and other invertebrates[20] |  LC

Unknown [64]

### Subfamily Uropsilinae

[edit]

Main article: Uropsilinae

Genus Uropsilus – A. Milne-Edwards, 1871 – four species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

Anderson's shrew mole

| U. andersoni
(Thomas, 1911) | Central China
| Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail[65]

Habitat: Unknown[66]

Diet: Invertebrates[65] |  DD

Unknown [66]

Chinese shrew mole

| U. soricipes
A. Milne-Edwards, 1871 | Central China
| Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail[67]

Habitat: Forest[68]

Diet: Invertebrates[65] |  LC

Unknown [68]

Gracile shrew mole

| U. gracilis
(Thomas, 1911) | Southern China and northern Myanmar
| Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail[65]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[69]

Diet: Invertebrates[65] |  LC

Unknown [69]

Inquisitive shrew mole

| U. investigator
(Thomas, 1922) | Southern China
| Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail[67]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[70]

Diet: Invertebrates[65] |  DD

Unknown [70]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Fossilworks: Talpidae". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
2. ^ He, K.; Shinohara, A.; Helgen, K. M.; Springer, M. S.; Jiang, X.-L.; Campbell, K. L. (2016). "Talpid Mole Phylogeny Unites Shrew Moles and Illuminates Overlooked Cryptic Species Diversity". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (1): 78–87. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw221. ISSN 0737-4038.
3. ^ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 300-311
4. ^ a b c d Nowak, pp. 241–242
5. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Condylura cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41458A115187740. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41458A22322697.en.
6. ^ Zera, Sean (2004). "Condylura cristata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on March 19, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
7. ^ a b Akers, Ashanti (2022). "Parascalops breweri". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
8. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Parascalops breweri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41469A115188181. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41469A22322790.en.
9. ^ a b Townsend, Shaparis (2023). "Scalopus aquaticus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on October 6, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
10. ^ a b Matson, J.; Woodman, N.; Castro-Arellano, I.; de Grammont, P. C. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Scalopus aquaticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41471A115188304. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41471A22319923.en.
11. ^ a b Nowak, p. 239
12. ^ a b Smith, A. T.; Johnston, C. H. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Scapanulus oweni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41472A115188420. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41472A22322596.en.
13. ^ a b Rochon, Ingrid (2012). "Scapanus orarius". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on December 10, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
14. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Scapanus orarius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41474A115188698. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41474A22322249.en.
15. ^ a b Matson, J.; Woodman, N.; Castro-Arellano, I.; de Grammont, P. C. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Scapanus latimanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41473A115188559. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41473A22322141.en.
16. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2016). "Scapanus townsendii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41475A22322352. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41475A22322352.en.
17. ^ Timmer, David (2004). "Scapanus townsendii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
18. ^ a b Ellis, Eric J. (2024). "Desmana moschata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
19. ^ a b Rutovskaya, M.; Gazzard, A.; Turvey, S. T. (2023). "Desmana moschata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T6506A231334630. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T6506A231334630.en.
20. ^ a b c d e f Nowak, p. 237
21. ^ a b Laginha Pinto Correia, D. (2016). "Dymecodon pilirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41488A22323252. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41488A22323252.en.
22. ^ a b c d e Smith; Xie, pp. 322–323
23. ^ a b Ruedas, L.; Smith, A. T. (2016). "Euroscaptor grandis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41459A22320623. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41459A22320623.en.
24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Nowak, p. 236
25. ^ a b Molur, S. (2016). "Euroscaptor micrura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41462A22320005. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41462A22320005.en.
26. ^ a b Laginha Pinto Correia, D. (2016). "Euroscaptor mizura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8385A22320533. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T8385A22320533.en.
27. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Euroscaptor klossi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41460A115187862. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41460A22320395.en.
28. ^ a b Smith, A. T. (2016). "Euroscaptor longirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41461A22320106. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41461A22320106.en.
29. ^ a b Chiozza, F. (2016). "Euroscaptor parvidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8386A22320303. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T8386A22320303.en.
30. ^ Abramov, A. V.; Shchinov, A. V.; Tran Quang, T. (2013). "Insectivorous mammals (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla) of the Ba Vi National Park, Northern Vietnam". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 317 (3): 221–225. doi:10.31610/trudyzin/2013.317.3.221.
31. ^ a b Engelbrektsson, P. (2016). "Euroscaptor subanura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T45955241A45973076. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T45955241A45973076.en.
32. ^ Nowak, p. 232
33. ^ a b Quaglietta, L. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Galemys pyrenaicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T8826A214429993. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T8826A214429993.en.
34. ^ Weinstein, Bret (2024). "Galemys pyrenaicus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
35. ^ a b c d Kawada, S. I. (2016). "Morphological review of the Japanese mountain mole (Eulipotyphla, Talpidae) with the proposal of a new genus". Mammal Study. 41 (4): 191–205. doi:10.3106/041.041.0404.
36. ^ a b Laginha Pinto Correia, D. (2016). "Mogera etigo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13604A22323841. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13604A22323841.en.
37. ^ a b Smith, A. T.; Johnston, C. H. (2016). "Mogera insularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41463A22323693. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41463A22323693.en.
38. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2016). "Mogera wogura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41467A22323418. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41467A22323418.en.
39. ^ a b Kennerley, R. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Mogera tokudae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13603A115115846. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T13603A22323941.en.
40. ^ a b Laginha Pinto Correia, D. (2016). "Mogera uchidai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14563A22323327. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T14563A22323327.en.
41. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2016). "Mogera imaizumii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41465A22323581. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41465A22323581.en.
42. ^ a b c Tsytsulina, K. (2017). "Mogera robusta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41466A22323489. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T41466A22323489.en.
43. ^ Nowak, p. 238
44. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Neurotrichus gibbsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41468A115188045. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41468A22323093.en.
45. ^ Gochis, Emily (2002). "Neurotrichus gibbsii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
46. ^ a b Molur, S. (2016). "Parascaptor leucura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41470A22322993. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41470A22322993.en.
47. ^ Nowak, p. 235
48. ^ a b c Smith, A. T.; Johnston, C. H. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Scaptochirus moschatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41476A115188844. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41476A22322461.en.
49. ^ a b Nowak, p. 233
50. ^ a b Chiozza, F. (2016). "Scaptonyx fusicaudus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41477A22322866. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41477A22322866.en.
51. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nowak, p. 234
52. ^ a b c Stubbe, M.; Samiya, R.; Ariunbold, J.; Buuveibaatar, V.; Dorjderem, S.; Monkhzul, T.; Otgonbaatar, M.; Tsogbadrakh, M.; Gankhuyag, P. (2017). "Talpa altaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41478A22321277. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T41478A22321277.en.
53. ^ a b Vladimir Vohralík, Boris Kryštufek. (2016). "Talpa stankovici". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41485A2953771. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41485A2953771.en.
54. ^ a b c Cassola, F. (2016). "Talpa caeca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41479A2953438. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41479A2953438.en.
55. ^ a b c Gazzard, A.; Kryštufek, B. (2023). "Talpa caucasica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T221753755A221753922. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T221753755A221753922.en.
56. ^ a b Sondergaard, Emily (2006). "Talpa europaea". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
57. ^ a b Gazzard, A.; Atkinson, R. (2023). "Talpa europaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T221751920A221752008. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T221751920A221752008.en.
58. ^ a b c Gazzard, A. (2023). "Talpa levantis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T221754684A221754963. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T221754684A221754963.en.
59. ^ a b Gazzard, A.; Kryštufek, B. (2023). "Talpa ognevi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T221753106A221753660. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T221753106A221753660.en.
60. ^ a b c Gerrie, R.; Kennerley, R. (2017). "Talpa davidiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T135458A22321046. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T135458A22321046.en.
61. ^ a b c Amori, G. (2016). "Talpa romana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41484A2953688. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41484A2953688.en.
62. ^ a b c Cassola, F. (2016). "Talpa occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41483A2953593. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41483A2953593.en.
63. ^ a b Gazzard, A.; Kryštufek, B. (2023). "Talpa talyschensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T221754376A221754615. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T221754376A221754615.en.
64. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2016). "Urotrichus talpoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41489A22323186. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41489A22323186.en.
65. ^ a b c d e f Nowak, p. 230
66. ^ a b Johnston, C.; Smith, A. T. (2016). "Uropsilus andersoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41486A22321699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41486A22321699.en.
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70. ^ a b Johnston, C.; Smith, A. T. (2016). "Uropsilus investigator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22809A22321929. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T22809A22321929.en.

## Sources

[edit]

* Nowak, Ronald M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. 1\. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8.
* Smith, Andrew T.; Xie, Yan, eds. (2010). A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-3411-2.
* Hutterer, Rainer (2005). Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

* v
* t
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Lists of mammal species

* Mammals
* marine
* prehistoric
* recently extinct
* critically endangered
* endangered
* vulnerable
* near threatened
* least concern
* data deficient

Monotremes
and marsupials|

* Dasyuromorphs (quolls, dunnarts, and other Australian carnivores)
* Didelphimorphs (opossums)
* Peramelemorphs (bandicoots and bilbies)

Diprotodonts
(kangaroos and possums)|

* Macropodiformes (kangaroos, wallabies, bettongs, and potoroos)
* Phalangeriformes (possums, gliders, and cuscus)

Placental mammals|

* Afrosoricids (golden moles, otter shrews, and tenrecs)
* Cingulates (armadillos)
* Macroscelids (elephant shrews)
* Perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates)
* Pholidotans (pangolins)
* Pilosans (anteaters and sloths)
* Rodents
* extinct
* Scandentians (treeshrews)

Artiodactyls
(even-toed ungulates)|

* Bovids (antelope, sheep, goats, and cattle)
* Cervids (deer)
* Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises)
* Arctic
* extinct
* Suines (pigs and peccaries)

Carnivorans
(carnivores)|

* Canids (dogs, including wolves and foxes)
* Canis lupus subspecies
* Felids (cats)
* Herpestids (mongooses)
* Mephitids (skunks and stink badgers)
* Mustelids (badgers, martens, otters, and weasels)
* Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses)
* Fossil pinnipedimorphs (seals and stem-relatives)
* Procyonids (raccoons, coatis, and kinkajous)
* Ursids (bears)
* Ursus arctos subspecies
* Viverrids (civets and genets)

Chiropterans
(bats)|

* Hipposiderids (Old World leaf-nosed bats)
* Megachiroptera (fruit bats)
* Miniopterids (bent-winged bats)
* Molossids (free-tailed bats)
* Rhinolophids (horseshoe bats)
* Vespertilionids (vesper bats)
* Kerivoulines (woolly bats)
* Murinines (tube-nosed bats)
* Myotines (mouse-eared bats)
* Vespertilionines (pipistrelles and serotines)

Eulipotyphlans
(moles and shrews)|

* Soricids (shrews)
* Crocidurines (white-toothed shrews)
* Myosoricines (African shrews)
* Soricines (red-toothed shrews)
* Erinaceids (hedgehogs and gymnures)
* Talpids (moles and desmans)

Lagomorphs
(rabbits and pikas)|

* Leporids (hares and rabbits)
* Ochotonids (pikas)

Primates|

* Cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys)
* Hominoids (apes)
* Lemuroids (lemurs)
* Lorisoids (lorises and galagos)
* Platyrrhines (New World monkeys)
* Tarsiiformes (tarsiers)
* Fossil primates

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