List of the deadliest tropical cyclones

A collage of the ten deadliest tropical cyclones worldwide since 1990

This is a list of the deadliest tropical cyclones, including all known storms that caused at least 1,000 direct deaths. There were at least 76 tropical cyclones in the 20th century with a death toll of 1,000 or more, including the deadliest tropical cyclone in recorded history. In October 1970, the Bhola cyclone struck what is now Bangladesh and killed at least 300,000 people. There have been 15 tropical cyclones in the 21st century so far with a death toll of at least 1,000, of which the deadliest was Cyclone Nargis, with at least 138,373 deaths when it struck Myanmar. In recent years, the deadliest Atlantic hurricane was Hurricane Mitch of 1998, with at least 11,374 deaths attributed to it, while the deadliest Atlantic hurricane overall was the Great Hurricane of 1780, which resulted in at least 22,000 fatalities. The most recent tropical cyclone with at least 1,000 fatalities was Storm Daniel in 2023, which killed at least 5,951 people.

## 19th century and earlier

[edit]

Name  | Dates active  | Basin  | Areas affected  | Deaths  | Refs

|
|
|
|
|

Unnamed | 957 | Western Pacific  | China  | 10,000 | [1]
Unnamed | 1245 | Western Pacific  | China  | 10,000 | [1]
Unnamed | 1582 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 200,000 | [2]
Unnamed  | 1601 | North Atlantic  | Veracruz, Mexico  | 1,000 | [3]
Unnamed  | 1605 | North Atlantic  | Nicaragua  | 1,300 | [3]
Unnamed | October 10, 1617 | Western Pacific  | Philippines  | 1,000 | [4]
Unnamed  | September 5, 1622 | North Atlantic  | Straits of Florida  | 1,090  | [3]
Unnamed  | October 1644 | North Atlantic  | Cuba, Florida  | 1,500  | [3]
Unnamed  | August 14–15, 1666 | North Atlantic  | Martinique and Guadeloupe  | 2,000  | [3]
Unnamed | November 10, 1681 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 14,000  | [5]
Unnamed  | September 27, 1694 | North Atlantic  | Florida, Newfoundland  | 1,000+  | [3]
Unnamed | 1699 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 50,000 | [2]
Unnamed  | July 31, 1715 | North Atlantic  | Bahamas, Florida Treasure Coast  | 1,000–2,500  | [3]
1737 Calcutta cyclone | October 7, 1737 | North Indian Ocean  | India, Bangladesh  | 300,000  | [5]
Unnamed | December 30, 1760 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 1,100  | [5]
Unnamed | 1767 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 50,000 | [2]
Unnamed  | August 5–7, 1767 | North Atlantic  | Martinique  | 1,600  | [3]
Unnamed  | October 15, 1768 | North Atlantic  | Cuba  | 43–1,000  | [3]
Newfoundland | August 29 – September 9, 1775 | North Atlantic  | North Carolina, Virginia, and Newfoundland  | 4,000 – 4,163  | [3]
Pointe-à-Pitre Bay | September 5-12, 1776 | North Atlantic  | Lesser Antilles and Louisiana  | 6,000+  | [3]
Unnamed | October 13, 1779 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 20,000  | [5]
1780 San Antonio Hurricane | June 12–13, 1780 | North Atlantic  | St. Lucia, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic  | 4,000–5,000  | [6]
Unnamed | July 1780 | Western Pacific  | China  | 100,000 | [4]
Savanna-la-Mar Hurricane of 1780 | October 1–5, 1780 | North Atlantic  | Jamaica, Cuba, and Bahamas  | 1,115  | [3]
Great Hurricane of 1780 | October 9–20, 1780 | North Atlantic  | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and Bermuda  | 22,000–27,501  | [3]
1780 Solano's Hurricane | October 18–21, 1780 | North Atlantic  | Gulf of Mexico  | 2,000  | [3]
Unnamed  | 1781 | North Atlantic  | Offshore Florida  | 2,000+  | [3]
1782 Central Atlantic hurricane | September 16, 1782 | North Atlantic  | destroyed Admiral Thomas Graves fleet  | 3,000+  | [3]
Unnamed | May 29, 1787 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 20,000  | [5]
Unnamed | December 1789 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 20,000  | [5]
Great Cuba Hurricane of 1791  | June 21–22, 1791 | North Atlantic  | Cuba  | 3,000  | [3]
Martinique and Dominica  | August 25, 1813 | North Atlantic  | Lesser Antilles  | 3,000+  | [3]
Unnamed | May 1822 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 50,000 | [2]
1825 Santa Ana hurricane | July 26–27, 1825 | North Atlantic  | Lesser Antilles (especially Guadeloupe), Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bermuda | 1,300+  | [3]
Great Caribbean-Louisiana Hurricane of 1831  | August 10–17, 1831 | North Atlantic  | Barbados, St. Vincent, Haiti, Cuba Louisiana  | 2,500  | [3]
Unnamed | October 31, 1831 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 22,000 | [2]
Unnamed | May 21, 1833 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 50,000  | [5]
Unnamed | November 16, 1839 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 20,000  | [5]
Unnamed | 1847 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 75,000 | [2]
Unnamed | October 1854 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 50,000  | [5]
Unnamed | 1862 | Western Pacific  | China  | 80,000 | [1]
Unnamed | October 5, 1864 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 50,000  | [5]
Unnamed | November 2, 1864 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 40,000  | [5]
Angela | September 20-26, 1867 | Western Pacific  | Philippines  | 1,800 | [4]
San Marcos | October 5–14, 1870 | North Atlantic  | Cuba, Florida, Bahamas  | 800–2,000 | [7]
Unnamed | September 22-23, 1874 | Western Pacific  | China  | 10,000 | [1]
Great Backerganj Cyclone | October 29 – November 1, 1876 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 200,000 | [2]
Unnamed | September 27 – October 8, 1881 | Western Pacific Ocean  | Philippines, Vietnam  | 3,000 | [8]
Unnamed | September 22, 1885 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 5,300  | [5]
Unnamed | April 20-25, 1892 | South-West Indian Ocean  | Mauritius | 1,200 | [9]
Sea Islands | August 15 – September 2, 1893 | North Atlantic  | Georgia, South Carolina  | 1,000–2,000 | [3]
Chenier Caminada | September 27 – October 5, 1893 | North Atlantic  | Yucatán Peninsula, Louisiana, Mississippi  | 1,800–2,000 | [3]
Unnamed | September 15, 1894 | Western Pacific  | Philippines, China  | 2,000 | [4]
Unnamed | September 1895 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 5,000  | [5]
Unnamed  | 1897 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 175,000 | [10]
Unnamed | October 7, 1897 | Western Pacific  | Philippines  | 1,500 | [4]
San Ciriaco | August 3 – September 4, 1899 | North Atlantic  | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Eastern United States  | 3,855 | [3]
Galveston | August 27 – September 15, 1900 | North Atlantic  | The Caribbean, Texas  | 6,000–12,000 | [3]
Unnamed | September 23-30, 1900 | Western Pacific  | Philippines, Vietnam  | 1,600 | [11]

## 20th century

[edit]

Name  | Dates active  | Basin  | Areas affected  | Deaths  | Refs

|
|
|
|
|

Unnamed | September 7-18, 1906 | Western Pacific  | China  | 15,000 | [1]
Monterrey | August 20–28, 1909 | North Atlantic  | Greater Antilles, Mexico  | 4,000 |
Unnamed | April 1911 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 120,000 | [12]
Unnamed | August 1912 | Western Pacific  | China  | 50,000 | [13]
Unnamed | September 1912 | Western Pacific  | Japan  | 1,000 | [14]
Unnamed | May 1917 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 70,000 | [12]
Unnamed | September 1919 | Western Pacific  | Japan  | 4,000 | [14]
Unnamed | September 1919 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 40,000 | [12]
Swatow | July 27 – August 3, 1922 | Western Pacific  | China  | 60,000 | [13]
Unnamed | September 1923 | Western Pacific  | Japan  | 3,000 | [14]
Unnamed | May 1926 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 5,000  | [5]
Unnamed | July 20-27, 1927 | Western Pacific  | China  | 10,000 | [15]
Unnamed | August 19-30, 1927 | Western Pacific  | China  | 5,000 | [16]
Unnamed | September 26, 1927 | Western Pacific  | China  | 5,000 | [17]
Okeechobee | September 6–20, 1928 | North Atlantic  | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Florida  | 4,075 |
San Zenon | August 29 – September 17, 1930 | North Atlantic  | Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola  | 2,000–8,000 | [3]
Shanghai Typhoon 1931 | August 14-28, 1931 | Western Pacific  | China  | 300,000 | [18][19][20]
Belize | September 6–13, 1931 | North Atlantic  | Belize  | 1,500–2,500 | [3]
Cuba | October 30 – November 13, 1932 | North Atlantic  | Netherlands Antilles, Cuba, Bahamas  | 3,142 | [21][22]
Central America | June 4–18, 1934 | North Atlantic  | Central America, Eastern United States  | 2,000–3,000 |
Muroto | September 13-21, 1934 | Western Pacific  | Japan  | 3,066 | [23]
Jérémie | October 18–27, 1935 | North Atlantic  | Greater Antilles, Central America  | 2,150 |
Unnamed | August 28, 1936 | Western Pacific  | South Korea  | 1,104 | [24]
Unnamed | August 28 – September 4, 1937 | Western Pacific  | China  | 13,000 | [1]
Unnamed | May 21-27, 1941 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 7,500 | [5]
Unnamed | October 16, 1943 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 15,000 | [5]
Ida | September 10-20, 1945 | Western Pacific  | Japan  | 2,473 | [25]
Kathleen | September 10-17, 1947 | Western Pacific  | Japan  | 1,077 | [26]
Unnamed | May 17-19, 1948 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 1,200 | [2]
Trix | October 15-26, 1952 | Western Pacific  | Philippines, Vietnam  | 1,400 | [27][28]
Marie | September 19-28, 1954 | Western Pacific  | Japan  | 1,761 | [29]
Janet | September 21–30, 1955 | North Atlantic  | Barbados, Windward Islands, British Honduras, Yucatán Peninsula, Mainland Mexico  | 1,023 |
Wanda | July 25 – August 5, 1956 | Western Pacific  | Taiwan, China  | 4,935 | [30]
Ida | September 20-27, 1958 | Western Pacific  | Japan  | 1,269 | [29]
Unnamed | October 21-24, 1958 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 12,000 | [12]
Sarah | September 11-19, 1959 | Western Pacific  | Japan, South Korea  | 2,000 | [31]
Vera | September 20-27, 1959 | Western Pacific  | Japan  | 5,000 | [32]
Mexico | October 22-28, 1959 | Eastern Pacific  | Southwest Mexico  | 1,800 | [33]
Mary | June 2-12, 1960 | Western Pacific  | China  | 1,600 | [34]
Unnamed | October 5-12, 1960 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 6,000 | [12]
Unnamed | October 27 – November 1, 1960 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 8,149 | [12]
Unnamed | May 5-9, 1961 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 11,468 | [12]
Unnamed | May 27-30, 1961 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 10,466 | [2]
Harriet | October 19-31, 1962 | Western Pacific and North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh, Thailand  | 50,935 | [35][12]
Unnamed | May 25-29, 1963 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 11,520 | [12]
Flora | September 26 – October 12, 1963 | North Atlantic  | The Caribbean, Florida  | 7,193 | [36]
Rameswaram | December 18-24, 1964 | North Indian Ocean  | Sri Lanka, India  | 1,800 | [37]
Unnamed | May 5-12, 1965 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 19,270 | [12]
Unnamed | May 26 – June 1, 1965 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 12,000 | [12]
Unnamed | December 15, 1965 | North Indian Ocean  | Pakistan  | 10,000 | [38]
Unnamed | May 7-10, 1968 | North Indian Ocean  | Myanmar  | 1,037 | [39]
Bhola | November 3-13, 1970 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh, India  | ≥300,000 | [40][10][41]
Unnamed | October 27-31, 1971 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh, India  | 11,000 | [12]
Flores | April 26-30, 1972 | Australian  | Indonesia  | 1,653 | [42]
Fifi-Orlene | September 14–24, 1974 | North Atlantic  | Jamaica, Central America, Mexico  | 8,210 | [43][3]
Nina | July 30 – August 8, 1975 | Western Pacific Ocean  | China  | 26,000 | [40]
Liza | September 25 – October 2, 1976 | Eastern Pacific  | Mexico, Southwestern United States  | 1,263 |
Unnamed | November 14-21, 1977 | North Indian Ocean  | India (especially Andhra Pradesh)  | 10,000 | [44]
Unnamed | November 17-29, 1978 | North Indian Ocean  | Sri Lanka, India  | 1,000 | [45]
David | August 25 – September 8, 1979 | North Atlantic  | The Caribbean, Eastern United States  | 2,068 | [46][47]
Paul | September 18–30, 1982 | Eastern Pacific  | Central America, Mexico  | 1,800 |
Ike | August 26 – September 6, 1984 | Western Pacific  | Philippines, China  | 1,474 | [48][49][50]
Agnes | October 30 – November 9, 1984 | Western Pacific  | Philippines, Vietnam  | 1,029 | [51][52]
Unnamed | May 22-25, 1985 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 11,069 | [12]
Unnamed | November 21-30, 1988 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh, India  | 6,240 | [53][54]
Unnamed | April 24-30, 1991 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 138,000 | [55]
Thelma | November 1-8, 1991 | Western Pacific  | Philippines  | 5,081 | [56]
Fred | August 14-22, 1994 | Western Pacific  | Japan, Taiwan, China  | 1,248 | [57]
Gordon | November 8–21, 1994 | North Atlantic  | Central America, Greater Antilles, Florida  | 1,152 |
Unnamed | November 4-7, 1996 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 1,077 | [58]
Linda | October 31 – November 9, 1997 | Western Pacific and North Indian Ocean  | Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand  | 3,275 | [59][60][61]
Unnamed | June 4-10, 1998 | North Indian Ocean  | India  | 1,173 | [62]
Mitch | October 22 – November 5, 1998 | North Atlantic  | Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, South Florida  | 11,374 | [63][64][65]
Unnamed | May 16-22, 1999 | North Indian Ocean  | Pakistan  | 6,200 | [66]
Unnamed | October 25 – November 4, 1999 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh, India (especially Odisha), Myanmar  | 9,899 | [67][68][69]

## 21st century

[edit]

Name  | Dates active  | Basin  | Areas affected  | Deaths  | Refs

|
|
|
|
|

Jeanne | September 13–28, 2004 | North Atlantic  | The Caribbean, Eastern United States  | 3,037 | [46][70][71][72]
Winnie | November 29-30, 2004 | Western Pacific  | Philippines  | 1,593 | [73]
Katrina | August 23–30, 2005 | North Atlantic  | Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast  | 1,392 | [74]
Stan | October 1–5, 2005 | North Atlantic  | Mexico, Central America  | 1,668 | [46][75]
Durian | November 25 - December 6, 2006 | Western Pacific  | Philippines, Vietnam  | 1,500 |
Sidr | November 11-16, 2007 | North Indian Ocean  | Bangladesh  | 3,447 | [76]
Nargis | April 27 - May 3, 2008 | North Indian Ocean  | Myanmar  | 138,373 | [77]
Fengshen | June 17-27, 2008 | Western Pacific  | Philippines, China  | 1,371 | [27]
Washi | December 13-19, 2011 | Western Pacific  | Philippines  | 1,257 | [78]
Bopha | November 25 - December 9, 2012 | Western Pacific  | Philippines  | 1,901 | [27]
Haiyan | November 3-11, 2013 | Western Pacific  | Philippines  | 6,352 | [79][80][81][82][83]
Maria | September 16 – October 2, 2017 | North Atlantic  | Lesser Antilles (particularly Dominica), Puerto Rico  | 3,059 | [84]
Idai | March 4-21, 2019 | South-West Indian Ocean  | Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar, Zimbabwe  | 1,593 | [85][86][87][88][89]
Freddy | February 4-March 14, 2023 | South-West Indian Ocean  | Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar, Zimbabwe  | 1,434 | [90][91]
Daniel | September 4-12, 2023 | Mediterranean  | Libya, Egypt, Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Israel  | 5,951 \- 24,000 | [92]
[nb 1]

## See also

[edit]

* Tropical cyclones portal

* Effects of tropical cyclones#Deaths
* List of the costliest tropical cyclones
* List of the most intense tropical cyclones

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Reference for dates for Atlantic hurricanes.[93]

## References

[edit]

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## External links

[edit]

* United States National Hurricane Center