List of wars by death toll

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War
(outline)

History

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Military

* Organization
* Command and control
* Defense ministry
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* Ranks

* * *

* Branches:
* Army
* Navy
* Air force
* Marines
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* Special forces
* Cyber force
* Space force

* * *

* Specialties:
* Staff
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* Intel
* Recon
* Medical
* Police
* Diving
* Pilot

* * *

* Land units:
* Infantry
* Armor
* Cavalry
* Artillery
* Special forces
* Signal corps

* * *

* Naval units:
* Warships
* Submarines
* Aircraft carriers
* Landing craft
* Auxiliary ships

* * *

* Air units:
* Fighters
* Bombers
* Command
* Close air support
* Electronic-warfare
* Reconnaissance

* * *

* Combat systems:
* Fire-control system
* Fire-control radar
* Director (military)
* Combat information center
* Sonar
* Radar

* * *

* Historical:
* Ship gun fire-control
* Gun data computer
* Torpedo data computer

* * *

* Development:
* Basic training
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* Combat training

Battlespace

* Aerospace
* Aerial
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* Space

* * *

* Land
* Cold-region
* Desert
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* Jungle
* Mountain
* Urban
* Subterranean
* Tunnel

* * *

* Sea
* Amphibious
* Blue
* Brown
* Green
* Surface
* Underwater
* Seabed

* * *

* Cyber
* Information

Weapons

* Air defence
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* Horses
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* Chemical
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* Drone / Robot
* Electromagnetic
* Firearms
* Infantry
* Loitering
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* Music
* Nuclear
* Psychological
* Radiological
* Submarine
* Unconventional

Tactics

List of military tactics

* Aerial
* Airlift
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* Airbridge
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* Anti-aircraft
* Anti-sub
* Anti-tank
* Battle
* Cavalry
* Charge
* CQC
* Counterattack
* Counterinsurgency
* Convoy
* Defeat in detail
* Foxhole
* Drone
* Envelopment
* Formation
* Guerrilla
* Naval
* Rapid dominance
* Encirclement
* Investment
* Siege
* Swarm
* Screen
* Tactical objective
* Target saturation
* Trench
* Withdrawal

Operational

* Military operation
* Special
* Operations research
* Blitzkrieg
* Expeditionary
* Deep operation
* Maneuver
* Operational manoeuvre group
* Raid
* Covert
* Stay-behind

Strategy

List of military strategies and concepts

* Military campaign
* Anti-access
* Attrition
* Commerce raiding
* Counter-offensive
* Culminating
* Defence in depth
* Fabian
* Empty fort
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* Depth
* Goal
* Nuclear
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* Offensive
* Scorched earth

Grand strategy

* Asymmetric
* Blockade
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* Class
* Cold war
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* Divide and conquer
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Administrative

* Branch
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Organization

* Area of responsibility
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* Doctrine
* Order of battle
* Principles of war
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* Medicine
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Personnel

* Recruitment
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* Specialism
* Soldier
* Morale
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* Women
* Children
* Transgender
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* Conscription and sexism
* Counter-recruitment

Logistics

* History
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* Materiel
* Supply-chain management
* Military–industrial complex
* Base
* MOB
* FOB
* Outpost

Science

* Power projection
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* Lanchester's laws
* Force multiplication
* Morale

Law

* Belligerent
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* Islamic rules
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* Jewish laws on war
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* Rules of engagement
* Self-determination
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* War crime
* War and genocide
* War treason

Theory

* Air supremacy
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* Deterrence theory
* Full-spectrum dominance
* Overmatch
* Just war theory
* Principles of war
* Philosophy of war
* Security dilemma
* Tripwire force
* Wargaming
* Simulation
* Exercises
* Combat effectiveness
* Center of gravity

Non-warfare

* Arms control
* Counter-insurgency
* Deterrence
* Disaster response
* Grey-zone
* Gunboat diplomacy
* Humanitarian aid
* Law enforcement
* Low-intensity conflict
* Military engineering
* Peacekeeping
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* Peace through strength
* Show of force

Culture

* Awards and decorations
* Battle cry
* Warrior
* War film
* Military science fiction
* War novel
* Anti-war movement
* Foot drill
* War song
* Uniform
* Wargame
* Militarization / Militarism
* Antimilitarism
* Camp follower

Books

* Seven Military Classics
* The Art of War
* De re militari
* Strategemata

Related

* Women in war
* War resister
* War studies
* Horses in warfare
* Wartime sexual violence
* Fifth column
* Mercenary
* Pacifism
* Privateer
* Private military company
* Soldiers are murderers

Lists

* Battles
* Military occupations
* Military terms
* Operations
* Sieges
* War crimes
* Wars
* Weapons
* Writers

* v
* t
* e

This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths directly or indirectly caused by the deadliest wars in history. These numbers encompass the deaths of military personnel resulting directly from battles or other wartime actions, as well as wartime or war-related civilian deaths, often caused by war-induced epidemics, famines, or genocides. Due to incomplete records, the destruction of evidence, differing counting methods, and various other factors, the death tolls of wars are often uncertain and highly debated. For this reason, the death tolls in this article typically provide a range of estimates.

Compiling such a list is further complicated by the challenge of defining a war. Not every violent conflict constitutes a war; for example, mass killings and genocides occurring outside of wartime are excluded, as they are not necessarily wars in themselves. This list broadly defines war as an extended conflict between two or more armed political groups. Consequently, it excludes mass death events such as human sacrifices, ethnic cleansing operations, and acts of state terrorism or political repression during peacetime or in contexts unrelated to war.[a]

## List

[edit]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

War  | Death
range  | Date  | Combatants  | Location  | % of global population (rough estimates)

|
|
|
|
|

World War II | 70–85 million[1][2][3] | 1939–1945  | Allied Powers vs. Axis Powers | Global  | 3.04%–3.69%[1]
Mongol invasions and conquests | 20–60 million[4][5][6][7] | 1206–1368  | Mongol Empire vs. various states in Eurasia | Asia and Europe  | 5.55%–13.54%[1][8]
Three Kingdoms | 34 million[9] | 220–280  | Multiple sides  | China  | 13.28%–17.89%[1]
Taiping Rebellion | 20–30 million[10][11] | 1850–1864  | Qing Dynasty vs. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom | China  | 1.42%–2.65%[1]
Manchu Conquest of China | 25 million[12][13] | 1618–1683  | Manchu vs. Ming Dynasty | China  | 4.16%–5.31%[1][14]
World War I | 15–22 million[15][16][3] | 1914–1918  | Allied Powers vs. Central Powers | Global  | 0.85%–1.25%[1]
Conquests of Timur | 7–17 million[7] | 1369–1405  | Timurid Empire vs. various states in Asia | Central Asia, West Asia, and South Asia  | 1.94%–5.55%[1]
An Lushan rebellion | 13 million[17] | 754–763  | Tang Dynasty and Uyghur Khaganate vs. Yan Dynasty | China  | 6.04%[18]
Spanish conquest of Mexico | 10.5 million[19][b] | 1519–1530  | Spanish Empire and allies vs. Aztec Empire and allies  | Mexico  | 2.33%[18]
Russian Civil War | 7–10 million[21][3] | 1917–1922  | Multiple sides; Bolsheviks, anti-Bolshevik left, White Movement, Allied and Central Intervention, as well as various separatists | Russia  | 0.37%–0.53%[22]
Chinese Civil War | 4–9 million[23][3] | 1927–1949[c] | Multiple sides; but predominantly Communists vs. Kuomintang | China  | 0.19%–0.43%[26]
Crusades | 1–9 million[27][28]

* * *

c. 3 million (c. Two million Europeans)[29] | 1095–1291  | Originally Byzantine Empire vs. Seljuk Empire, but evolved into Christians vs. Muslims | Europe and the Middle East  | 0.31%–2.8%[30]
Thirty Years' War | 4.5–8 million[31][32] | 1618–1648  | Anti-Imperial Alliance vs. Imperial Alliance  | Europe  | 0.77%–1.38%[33]
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire | 7.7 million[34][d] | 1533–1572  | Spanish Empire vs. Inca Empire | South America  | 1.71%[18]
Reconquista | 7 million[36][37] | 718–1492  | Christian peninsular kingdoms vs. Muslim peninsular kingdoms  | Iberian Peninsula  | 1.94%[18]
French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars | 4–7 million[38][39] | 1792–1815  | French Republic, later French Empire vs. Coalition forces | Europe  | 0.49%–0.86%[1]
Conquests of Menelik II | 6 million[40] | 1878–1904  | Ethiopian Empire vs. Emirate of Harar, Kingdom of Kaffa, Kingdom of Wolaita, and allies  | Horn of Africa  | 0.39%[41]
Second Congo War | 3–5.4 million[42][43][44] | 1998–2003  | Multiple sides  | Democratic Republic of the Congo  | 0.05%–0.09%[18]
Spanish conquest of New Granada | 5.25 million[45][46][e] | 1525–1540  | Spanish Empire vs. Muisca Confederation and other civilizations  | South America  | 1.17%[18]
Deccan wars | 4.6–5 million[48] | 1680–1707  | Mughal Empire vs. Maratha Confederacy | Indian subcontinent  | 0.75%–0.82%[18]
Northern Wars | 3.57–4.57 milion[49][50][51][52] | 1554–1721  | Multiple sides  | Eastern and Northern Europe  |
Vietnam War | 1.1–4.2 million[53][54][55] | 1955–1975  | North Vietnam and allies vs. South Vietnam and allies  | Indochina  |
Nigerian Civil War | 3.04–4.1 million[56][57] | 1967–1970  | Nigeria vs. Biafra | Nigeria  |
French Wars of Religion | 2–4 million[58] | 1562–1598  | French catholics vs Huguenots | France  |
Korean War | 2.5–3.5 million[59][23] | 1950–1953  | North Korea and allies vs. South Korea and allies  | Korean Peninsula  |
Hundred Years' War | 2.3–3.5 million[60][61][38] | 1337–1453  | House of Valois vs. House of Plantagenet | Western Europe  |
Soviet–Afghan War | 1–3 million[62][3] | 1979–1989  | Soviet Union and Democratic Republic of Afghanistan vs. Afghan mujahideen | Afghanistan  |
Delhi Conquest of North India | 0.5–3 million[63] | 1300–1310  | Delhi Sultanate vs. North Indian States  | Indian subcontinent  |
Bangladesh Liberation War | 0.3–3 million[64][65] | 1971  | India and Provisional Government of Bangladesh vs. Pakistan | Indian subcontinent  |
Mexican Revolution | 1–2.7 million[38][66] | 1910–1920  | Anti-government forces vs. Pro-government forces  | Mexico  |
Fang La Rebellion | 2 million[38][67] | 1120–1122  | Song Dynasty vs. Fang La rebels  | China  |
Ethiopian Civil War and Eritrean War of Independence | 1.75–2 million[68][69][70] | 1961–1991[f] | EPRDF, later EPLF, vs. Derg and People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia | Horn of Africa  |
Russo-Circassian War and Caucasian War | 1.5–2 million[71] | 1763–1864  | Circassian Confederation, Principality of Abkhazia, and Caucasian Imamate vs. Russian Empire | Caucasus  |
Second Sudanese Civil War | 1–2 million[72][73] | 1983–2005  | Sudan vs. SSPDF | Sudan  |
Tây Sơn wars | 1–2 million[74][75] | 1771–1802  | Tây Sơn dynasty vs. Nguyễn lords, Kingdom of Cambodia, Rattanakosin Kingdom, and Kingdom of France | Indochina  |
Akbar's Conquest of North India | 1–2 million[76] | 1556–1605  | Mughal Empire vs. North Indian States  | Indian subcontinent  |
Indian Rebellion of 1857 | 0.8–2 million[77] | 1857–1858  | United Kingdom and allies vs. Indian rebels and allies  | Indian subcontinent  |
Balkan Wars | 0.75–1.77 million[78][79] | 1912–1913  | Ottoman Empire vs. Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro; later Bulgaria vs. Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, and Romania | Balkans  |
Algerian War | 0.4–1.6 million[80][81] | 1954–1962  | France vs. Separatists National Liberation Front, Algerian National Movement, and Algerian Communist Party  | North Africa  |
Seven Years' War | 1–1.5 million[82][38] | 1756–1763  | Great Britain, Hanover, Prussia, Portugal, and allies vs. France, Habsburg empire, Saxony, Spain, and allies  | Global  |
Warring States period and Qin's wars of unification | 0.65–1.5 million[83][38] | 475 BCE–221 BCE  | Multiple sides  | China  |
French conquest of Algeria | 0.98–1.48 million[84][85][86] | 1830–1903  | France vs. Regency of Algiers, Emirate of Abdelkader, Kingdom of Beni Abbas, and allies  | North Africa  |
Gallic Wars | 0.7–1.47 million[38][87][88][89] | 58 BCE–50 BCE  | Roman Republic vs. Gauls and allies  | Gaul  |
Jewish–Roman wars | 0.35–1.4 million[90][91] | 66–135  | Roman Empire vs. Judean provisional government | Fertile Crescent  |
War of the Spanish Succession | 0.4–1.25 million[92][93] | 1701–1714  | Habsburg Spain, Great Britain, Holy Roman Empire, and allies vs. Bourboun Spain, Kingdom of France, and allies  | Global  |
Japanese invasions of Korea | 1 million [94] | 1592–1598  | Joseon and Ming dynasty vs. Japan | Korean Peninsula  |
Panthay Rebellion | 1 million[95] | 1856–1873  | Qing Dynasty vs. Pingnan Guo  | China  |
American Civil War | 0.6–1 million[96][97] | 1861–1865  | United States vs. Confederate States | North America  |
Mozambican Civil War | 0.5–1 million[98][99] | 1977–1992  | People's Republic of Mozambique, later Republic of Mozambique, and allies vs. RENAMO and allies  | Mozambique  |
First Sudanese Civil War | 0.5–1 million[100][101] | 1955–1972  | Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, later Democratic Republic of the Sudan, vs. Sudan Defence Force | Sudan  |
Somali Civil War | 0.35–1 million[102][103] | 1991–present  | Multiple sides  | Horn of Africa  |
Burmese–Siamese wars | 0.26–0.9 million[38][104][105] | 1547–1855  | Thailand vs. Myanmar | Southeast Asia  |
First Indochina War | 0.4–0.84 million[106][107] | 1946–1954  | Viet Minh, Pathet Lao, and Khmer Issarak vs. French Union | Indochina  |
Angolan Civil War | 0.8 million[108][99] | 1975–2002  | People's Republic of Angola, later Republic of Angola, and allies vs. Democratic People's Republic of Angola and allies  | Angola  |
Burundian Civil War | 0.55–0.8 million[109][110][99] | 1993–2005  | Burundi vs. Ethnic Hutu vs. Tutsi Militants  | Rwanda and Burundi  |
Second Punic War | 0.77 million[111] | 218 BCE–201 BCE  | Roman Republic vs. Ancient Carthage | Southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and North Africa  |
War of Austrian Succession | 0.75 million[112] | 1740–1748  | France, Prussia, Spain, and allies vs. Habsburg monarchy, Great Britain, Dutch Republic, and allies  | Europe, Americas, and Indian subcontinent  |
Third Punic War | 0.75 million[113][114] | 149 BCE–146 BCE  | Roman Republic vs. Ancient Carthage | North Africa  |
Iran-Iraq War | 0.45–0.7 million[90][115][116] | 1980–1988  | Islamic Republic of Iran vs. Iraqi Republic | Iran and Iraq  |
Nine Years' War | 0.68 million[117] | 1688–1697  | Kingdom of France vs. Grand Alliance | Europe  |
Crimean War | 0.61–0.67 million[118][119][120] | 1853–1856  | Russian Empire vs. Ottoman Empire, France and United Kingdom  | Crimea, Black Sea, Caucasus and Balkans  |
Syrian civil war | 0.58–0.61 million[121][122] | 2011–present  | Multiple sides  | Levant  |
Mexican War of Independence | 0.6 million[123] | 1810–1821  | Mexican patriots vs. Spanish Empire | North and Central America  |
Bahmani–Vijayanagar Wars | 0.6 million[124] | 1362–1443  | Vijayanagara Empire and Musunuri Nayakas vs. Bahmani Sultanate | Indian subcontinent  |
Turkish War of Independence | 0.4–0.6 million[125][126][127] | 1919–1923  | Turkey vs. Greece, France, United Kingdom, and Armenia | Anatolia  |
Tigray War | 0.16–0.6 million[128][129] | 2020–2022  | Ethiopia and Eritrea vs. Tigray People's Liberation Front and allies  | Horn of Africa  |
Roman-Germanic wars | 0.54 million[130][131] | 113 BCE–774  | Roman Republic, later Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire, vs. Germanic tribes | Germania  |
First Punic War | 0.4–0.54 million[132][133] | 264 BCE–241 BCE  | Roman Republic vs. Ancient Carthage | Southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and North Africa  |
Paraguayan War | 0.15–0.5 million[134] | 1864–1870  | Empire of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay vs. Paraguay | South America  |
Uganda-Tanzania War and Ugandan Bush War | 0.1–0.5 million[135][136][137][138] | 1978–1986  | Uganda vs. Tanzania, National Liberation Front, and National Resistance Movement | Uganda and Tanzania  |
Papua conflict | 0.1–0.5 million[139][140] | 1962–present  | Indonesia vs. Free Papua Movement | New Guinea  |
Eighty Years' War | 0.1–0.5 million[141] | 1566–1648  | Spanish Empire vs. Separatist Dutch Republic | Low Countries  |
Spanish Civil War | 0.35–0.47 million[142][143][144] | 1936–1939[g] | Nationalists vs. Republicans | Iberian Peninsula  |
Colombian conflict | 0.45 million[148] | 1964–present  | Colombia vs. Colombian and Mexican drug cartels and paramilitaries, FARC, ELN, and other paramilitary groups  | South America  |
Franco-Prussian War | 0.43 million[149][150] | 1870–1871  | Second French Empire, later Third French Republic vs. North German Confederation | Central Europe  |
Polish–Ottoman Wars | 0.43 million[151][152] | 1485–1699  | Poland-Lithuania, Holy League, and allies vs. Ottoman Empire and allies  | Central Europe and Balkans  |
Roman–Greek wars | 0.42 million[153] | 280 BCE–30 BCE  | Roman Republic vs. Greek states, later Greek rebels, and Ptolemaic Kingdom | Peloponnese Peninsula, Balkans, Anatolia, Egypt and Italian Peninsula  |
Maratha invasions of Bengal | 0.4 million[154][155] | 1741–1751  | Maratha Confederacy vs. Bengal Nawab | Indian subcontinent  |
Colombian War of Independence | 0.4 million[156] | 1810–1825  | Colombian patriots vs. Spanish Empire | South America  |
Third Indochina War | 0.4 million[157] | 1975–1991  | Democratic Kampuchea, China, and Thailand vs. Vietnam, Laos, and People's Republic of Kampuchea vs. Communist Party of Thailand | Indochina  |
War in Darfur | 0.4 million[158] | 2003–2020  | Sudan vs. SRF and SLM/A | Sudan  |
Mexican war on drugs | 0.35–0.4 million[159][160] | 2006–present  | Mexico vs drug cartels | Mexico  |
Song–Đại Việt war | 0.25–0.4 million[161][162] | 1075–1077  | Song Dynasty vs. Đại Việt | Indochina  |
Cuban Wars of Independence and Spanish–American War | 0.39 million[163][164] | 1868–1898  | United States, Cuban Revolutionaries, and Philippine Revolutionaries vs. Spanish Empire | Caribbean and the Philippines  |
South Sudanese Civil War | 0.38 million[165] | 2013–2020  | South Sudan vs. SPLM-IO, Nuer White Army, and SSDM | South Sudan  |
Yemeni civil war | 0.37 million[166][167] | 2014–present  | Multiple sides  | Yemen  |
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) | 0.36 million[168][169] | 2001–2021  | Taliban and allies vs. United States-led coalition and the Afghan Government[h] | Afghanistan  |
Boko Haram insurgency | 0.35 million[170] | 2009–present  | Multinational Joint Task Force vs. Boko Haram | Nigeria  |
Franco-Dutch War | 0.34 million[171] | 1672–1678  | Kingdom of France vs. Dutch Republic | Western Europe  |
Ottoman–Venetian wars | 0.34 million[172][173] | 1415–1718  | Ottoman Empire vs. Holy League | Mediterranean Sea, Greece and Cyprus  |
Russo-Ukrainian War | 0.16–0.33 million[i] | 2014–present  | Union of People's Republics, later Russia and North Korea vs. Ukraine | Eastern Europe and the Black Sea  |
Liberian Civil Wars and Sierra Leone Civil War | 0.3–0.32 million[182][183][184] | 1989–2003  | Liberian government, Revolutionary United Front vs. National Patriotic Front of Liberia, Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, Movement for Democracy in Liberia, Sierra Leone | West Africa  |
Cambodian Civil War | 0.27–0.31 million[185][186][187][99] | 1967–1975  | Khmer Rouge and allies vs. Kingdom of Cambodia, later the Khmer Republic, and allies  | Indochina  |
Goguryeo–Sui War | 0.3 million[188][189] | 598–614  | Sui Dynasty vs. Goguryeo | Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula  |
Carlist Wars | 0.3 million[190] | 1833–1876  | Carlists vs. Liberals and Republicans | Iberian Peninsula  |
Iraqi conflict | 0.27–0.3 million[191] | 2003–2017  | Multiple sides  | Levant  |
Gulf War | 0.17–0.3 million[192][193] | 1990–1991[j] | Kuwait and the United States-led coalition vs. Iraq | Kuwait and Iraq  |
Social War (91–87 BC) | 0.1–0.3 million[194][90] | 91 BCE–87 BCE  | Roman Republic and allies vs. Marsic and Samnite rebels, and allies  | Italian Peninsula  |
Roman conquest of Britain | 0.13–0.29 million[195][196][197] | 43–84  | Roman Empire vs. Celtic Britons | Great Britain  |
Philippine–American War | 0.21–0.28 million[198][199] | 1899–1913  | United States vs. Philippine Republic, later Tagalog Republic, Sultanate of Sulu and Sultanate of Maguindanao  | Philippines  |
Kalinga War | 0.25 million[200] | 262 BCE–261 BCE  | Maurya Empire vs. Kalinga | Indian subcontinent  |
First Congo War | 0.25 million[201] | 1996–1997  | Zaire vs. AFDL | Democratic Republic of the Congo  |
Cristero War | 0.25 million[202] | 1926–1929  | Mexico vs. Cristeros | Mexico  |
Greek War of Independence | 0.24 million[203][204] | 1821–1829  | Ottoman Empire vs. Separatist First Hellenic Republic | Balkans and Peloponnese Peninsula  |
Myanmar conflict | 0.23 million[205][206] | 1948–present  | National Unity Government of Myanmar vs. State Administration Council  | Myanmar  |
American Revolution | 0.18–0.23 million[207][208] | 1775–1783  | American Patriots vs. Great Britain | North America  |
Arab-Israeli conflict | 0.2 million[k] | 1948[l]–present  | Israel vs. Arab League, Iran, Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Houthi movement | Levant  |
Chechen conflict | 0.08–0.23 million[m] | 1994–2009  | Russia vs. Separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria | Caucasus  |
Indian Annexation of Hyderabad | 0.2 million[220][221] | 1947–1948  | India vs. Hyderabad | Indian subcontinent  |
La Violencia | 0.2 million[222] | 1948–1958  | Colombian Conservative Party vs. Colombian Liberal Party | South America  |
Greco-Persian Wars | 0.2 million[223] | 499 BCE–449 BCE  | Greek city-states vs. Achaemenid Empire | Southeast Europe, West Asia, and Northeast Africa  |
Guatemalan Civil War | 0.14–0.2 million[224][225] | 1960–1996  | Government of Guatemala vs. Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity  | Central America  |
North Yemen Civil War | 0.1–0.2 million[226][227] | 1962–1970  | Kingdom of Yemen vs. Yemen Arab Republic  | Yemen  |
Italo-Senussi Wars | 0.07-0.2 million[228][229][230] | 1911–1934  | Kingdom of Italy vs. Senusiyya, Ottoman Empire | North Africa  |
Portuguese Colonial War | 0.14–0.18 million[231][232][233] | 1961–1974  | Estado Novo vs. MPLA, PAIGC, FNLA, among others  | Angola, Guinea, and Mozambique  |
Thousand Days' War | 0.1–0.18 million[234] | 1899–1902  | Colombian Conservative Party vs. Colombian Liberal Party | South America  |
Sri Lankan Civil War | 0.08–0.17 million[235][236] | 1983[n]–2009  | Sri Lankan government vs. Separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam | Sri Lanka  |
Civil conflict in the Philippines | 0.16 million[238][239] | 1968–present  | Filipino government vs. Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters, Communist Party of the Philippines, and Abu Sayyaf | Philippines  |
Russo-Japanese War | 0.12–0.16 million[240] | 1904–1905  | Empire of Japan vs. Russian Empire | East Asia  |
Sudanese civil war (2023–present) | 0.15 million[241][242] | 2023–present  | Sudan and allies vs. Rapid Support Forces and allies  | Sudan  |
Algerian Civil War | 0.15 million[243] | 1992–2002  | Multiple sides  | North Africa  |
Lebanese Civil War | 0.12–0.15 million[244][245][246] | 1975–1990  | Multiple sides  | Levant  |
Greek Civil War | 0.08–0.15 million[247][248][99] | 1946–1949  | Kingdom of Greece vs. Provisional Democratic Government | Balkans and Peloponnese Peninsula  |
Yugoslav Wars | 0.13–0.14 million[249][250] | 1991–2001  | Separatist forces and NATO vs. Yugoslavia, later Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | Balkans  |
Irish Nine Years' War | 0.13 million[251] | 1593–1603  | Kingdom of England vs. Irish rebels  | Ireland  |
Chaco War | 0.08–0.13 million[252][253][254] | 1932–1935  | Paraguay vs. Bolivia  | South America  |
Kurdish–Turkish conflict | 0.12 million[255][256] | 1921–2025  | Turkey vs. Kurdish Republic of Ararat, later Kurdistan Worker's Party | Middle East  |
Nanda–Mauryan War | 0.1 million[257] | 323 BCE–321 BCE  | Maurya Empire vs. Nanda Empire | Indian subcontinent  |
Federal War | 0.1 million[258] | 1859–1863  | Federal Venezuelan rebels vs. Conservative Venezuelan government  | South America  |
Wars of Alexander the Great | 0.1 million[259][260][261] | 336 BCE–332 BCE  | Macedonian empire vs. Achaemenid Empire | Anatolia, Greece, Levant, Persia, Middle East, Indian subcontinent and Mesopotamia  |

## Charts and graphs

[edit]

Number of combatants that died due to fighting in interstate and civil wars. This excludes civilian deaths, which can make the death tolls much larger.[262] Seven deadliest wars after 1900. The length of each spiral segment is proportional to the war's duration and its area size to its death toll.[263] Bubble chart of wars with over 1.5 million deaths.[264]

## See also

[edit]

* Casualty recording
* Timeline of wars
* List of battles by casualties
* List of number of conflicts per year
* Lists of wars
* List of ongoing armed conflicts
* List of genocides
* List of sovereign states by refugee population
* List of ethnic cleansing campaigns
* Genocides in history
* Genocide
* Massacre
* Casualty
* War crime
* Ethnic cleansing

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Some examples would include Operation Condor (60,000–80,000 killed), the Cultural Revolution (1–20 million killed), the Rubber Terror (1.5–13 million killed), the excess mortality in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin (6–9 million killed), the Transatlantic slave trade, the Arab slave trade, the Slavery in the Ottoman Empire, the Human sacrifice in pre-Columbian cultures (20,000–250,000 killed yearly in the Aztec Empire alone), the Dzungar genocide (420,000–480,000 killed), the Circassian genocide, the Partition of India, or the Herero and Nama genocide (34,000–110,000 killed). For further information, see List of genocides and List of ethnic cleansing campaigns.
2. ^ Almost all of these deaths were caused by Old World diseases and not violent conflict.[20]
3. ^ Before 1927, violence erupted during the 1911 Revolution, which brought an end to the Qing dynasty and led to the establishment of the Republic of China. Although major fighting had ceased by 1949, the Chinese Civil War is technically still ongoing, with the de facto independent Republic of China in Taiwan still claiming to be the legitimate government of all of China. Meanwhile, the People's Republic of China attempted to annex Taiwan several times during the Taiwan Strait Crises. Large-scale human-caused deaths persisted during the White Terror (Taiwan) and under the People's Republic of China, which initiated the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries (1950–1953). This campaign resulted in the execution of an estimated 712,000 to 2,000,000 people.[24][25]
4. ^ Almost all of these deaths were caused by Old World diseases and not violent conflict.[35]
5. ^ Almost all of these deaths were caused by Old World diseases and not violent conflict.[47]
6. ^ In the midst of these conflicts, the Ogaden War between Ethiopia and Somalia occurred in the Horn of Africa, resulting in the deaths of approximately 37,000 people. This war was a phase of the broader Ethiopian–Somali conflict.
7. ^ While the civil war ended in 1939, mass killings would continue until 1947, during the White Terror period, which led to the extermination of 160,000-400,000 liberals, socialists of different stripes, Protestants, intellectuals, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jews, and Basque, Catalan, Andalusian, and Galician nationalists.[145][146][147]
8. ^

* 2001–2002: Islamic State of Afghanistan
* 2002–2004: Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan
* 2004–2021: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

9. ^ Sources:[174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181]
10. ^ A no-fly zone was imposed on Iraq following this conflict, which led to several cruise missile strikes against it between 1991 and 2003, some of them in response to Iraqi actions during the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (that lasted between 1994 and 1997), and others due to Iraq's failure to comply with United Nations Security Council resolutions regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction.
11. ^ Sources:[209][210][211][212][99]
12. ^ While the starting point of the conflict is usually denoted as the 1948 Arab-Israeli War or the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, violent strife emerged in the region as soon as 1920 during the Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine.[213]
13. ^ Sources:[214][215][216][217][218][219]
14. ^ Political violence in the country has been recorded as early as 1954.[237]

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## Further reading

[edit]

* Keeley, Lawrence H. (1996). War Before Civilization. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199761531.
* Gat, Azar (2008). War in Human Civilization. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199236633
* Pinker, Steven (2011). The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Penguin Books. ISBN 9780670022953. (see also: 2016 update)
* Levy, Jack S. (1983). War in the Modern Great Power System: 1495-1975. University Press of Kentucky, USA. ISBN 9780813163659.

## External links

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* An Interactive map of all the battles fought around the world in the last 4,000 years
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* Karen conflict
* Karen–Mon conflict
* Conflict in Rakhine State
* Rohingya conflict
* Conflicts in the Philippines
* Communist
* Drug war
* Papua conflict
* South Thailand insurgency

West|

* Abkhazia conflict
* Georgian–Ossetian conflict
* Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
* Iraq conflict
* Islamic State insurgency in Iraq
* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy war
* Qatif conflict
* Yemeni crisis
* Saudi–led intervention
* Yemeni civil war
* Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* Gaza–Israel conflict
* Gaza War
* Hezbollah–Israel conflict
* Kurdish separatism in Iran
* Iran–PJAK conflict
* Western Iran clashes
* Maoist insurgency in Turkey
* DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey
* Syrian civil war
* Turkish intervention

Europe|

| East|

* Abkhazia conflict
* Georgian–Ossetian conflict
* Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus
* Russo-Ukrainian War
* Russian invasion of Ukraine

|

West|

* Dissident Irish republican campaign
* Loyalist feud

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