List of wars involving Egypt

Wars involving Egypt

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (June 2023)

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This is a list of wars involving the Arab Republic of Egypt and its predecessor states.

Egyptian victory

Egyptian defeat

Another result*

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Egypt, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result

## Prehistoric Egypt (c. 6200-3100 BC)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian
losses

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Unification Wars of Upper Egypt (c. 3600–3200 BC)  | Thinis | Naqada | Thinis victory

* Scorpion I unified Upper Egypt
* The Upper Crown of Egypt would then become the symbol of a united Upper Egypt under one ruler.

| Scorpion I | Unknown,but in the thousands

king Taurus killed

## Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100-2890 BC)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian
losses

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Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt | Upper Egypt | Lower Egypt | Upper Egypt victory

* Unification of egypt

| Narmer | ?
Egyptian expedition to Nubia | First Dynasty of Egypt | Nubian people | Victory | Hor-Aha | ?
Egypto-Nubian conflict (c. 3100-3000 BC)  | First Dynasty of Egypt | A-Group culture (Nubia)  | Victory

* A-Group culture destroyed by the pharaohs of Egypt.[1]
* Lower Nubia was not inhabited for centuries afterwards.[1]

| Djer or Djet[2] | ?
War of succession | Horus Bird | Sneferka | inconclusive

* Neither side wins
* Egypt reunified later on byHotepsekhemwy

| Hotepsekhemwy | ?
War of the gods | Khasekhemwy | followers of the god Horus

followers of the god Set

| Pharaoh victory

* Lower and upper Egypt reunited

| Khasekhemwy | ?

## Old Kingdom (c. 2686-2181 BC)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian
losses

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Egyptian Campaign in Nubia and Libya (c. 2600 BC)[3][4][5] | Fourth Dynasty of Egypt | Nubians, Libyans | Victory

* Thousands of cattle and prisoners taken as spoils

| Sneferu | ?
Egyptian campaign in Nubia,Sinai and southern Canaan | Sixth Dynasty of Egypt | Nubians,Bedouins,Canaanites | Victory

* a booty of men and goods was brought back to Egypt for presentation to the pharaoh

| Pepi I Meryre | ?

## Middle Kingdom Period (c. 2055-1650 BC)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian
losses

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Reunification of Egypt | Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt (Thebes) | Tenth Dynasty of Egypt (Heracleopolis) | Theban victory

* end of the First Intermediate Period

| Mentuhotep II | ?
Egyptian campaign in nubia | Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt | Nubia | Victory

* End of Nubian independence

| ?
Expedition to Punt | Eleventh dynasty of Egypt | Land of Punt | Victory

* the region cleared of rebels
* dug 12 wells for future expeditions
* returned from Punt with many goods

| Mentuhotep III | ?
Egyptian Campaign in Lower Nubia (c. 1953 BC)[6] | Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt | Various peoples in Lower Nubia.  | Victory

* Nubians defeated and Egyptian colonisation of Lower Nubia.

| Senusret I | ?
Egyptian Campaign in Nubia (c. 1870–1859 BC)[7] | Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt | Various Nubian peoples  | Victory

* Nubians defeated and Egyptian expansion into Nubia.[8]

| Senusret III | ?
Egyptian Campaign in Canaan (Between c. 1880 and c. 1840 BC)  | Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt | Shechem
Retjenu | Victory

* Both Shechem and Retjenu defeated by Egypt.[9]

| Senusret III | ?

## Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650-1550 BC)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian
losses

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Theban-Hyksos conflict | Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt | Hyksos | Victory

* fall of the Hyksos kingdom
* Egypt invades Levantine territory and gains a bridgehead in the Levant
* beginning of the new kingdom period

| Seqenenre Tao,Kamose, Ahmose I | ?

## New Kingdom Period (c. 1550-1077 BC)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian
losses

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Egyptian compaigns in the levant and syria | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Asiatics | Victory

* Hundreds of cities destroyed

| Ahmose I | ?
Egyptian campaign in Nubia | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Nubians | Victory

* Nubian king killed by Thutmose I and hung from the prow of his ship
* permanently extending the Egyptian military presence in Nubia

| Thutmose I | ?
Egyptian campaign in the Levant and Syria | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Canaanites

Naharin

| Victory

* Syrian princes declared allegiance to Thutmose
* As many as 20 sites in the Levant suffered destruction
* First time Egyptians ever crossed the Euphrates River

| ?
Rebellions in Nubia | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Nubians rebels | Victory

* Nubian independence ended for 500 years
* Nubia did not dare revolt as often as it had and was easily controlled by future Egyptian kings

| ?
Nubian Rebellion | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Nubian rebels | Victory

* revolt easily crushed

| Thutmose II | ?
Egyptian conquest of Cyprus | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Cyprus | Victory

* Egyptian rule of Cyprus
* Inhabitants forced to pay tribute

| Thutmose III | ?
Egyptian Campaign in the Levant (1458-1457 BC)  | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Canaanites
Kadesh
Megiddo
Kingdom of Mitanni
Hurrians | Victory

* Egyptian victory at the Battle of Megiddo, resulting in expansion of Egyptian empire.[10]

| 4,000 at the Battle of Megiddo
Conquest of Syria | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Asiatics | Victory

* Many cities in Syria,jordan,Lebanon and Canaan taken

| ?
Egyptian attack on Mitanni | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Mitanni | Victory

* Mitanni conquered with little resistance
* Thutmose III went from city to city and pillaged them

| ?
Egyptian campaign in Nubia | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Nubia | Victory

* Expansion of the Egyptian empire

| ?
Egyptian-Hittite conflict  | Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Hittites | inconclusive[11]

* Egypt briefly recaptures southern Syrian territory from the Hittites
* Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty

| Seti I, Ramses II | ?
Sea Peoples' invasion of Egypt | Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt | Sea Peoples | Victory

* Egyptians defeat the Sea Peoples in two land and sea battles
* invasion repelled

| Ramses III | ?

## Late Period (c. 664-332 BC)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian
losses

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reunification of Egypt | Psamtik I

kingdom of Lydia

| kinglets of the Dodecarchy

Libyan tribes Neo-Assyrian Empire

| Victory

* in 654 BCE, Psamtik I was firmly in control of all Egypt
* Fall of Ashdod
* The capture of Ashdod may have effectively reflected part of the transfer of power from the crumbling Assyrian Empire to the new Egyptian 26th Dynasty

| Psamtik I | ?
Egyptian campaign against the Kingdom of Judah | Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt | Kingdom of Judah | Victory

* Subjugation of Judah by the twenty sixth dynasty.[12]

| Necho II | Undetermined, but low
Egyptian Babylonian war | Neo-Babylonian Empire,Persians,Scythians,Medes | Victory

* egyptian capture of Kummuh and Gaza

| ?
Egyptian conquest of Cyprus | Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt | Cyprus | Victory

* Egyptian control over Cyprus

| Amasis II | ?

## Ptolemaic Kingdom (310-30 BC)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian
losses

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First Syrian War (274-271 BC)  | Ptolemaic Kingdom | Seleucid Empire | Victory

* Ptolemaic rule extended into Caria and most of Cilicia (both in modern-day Turkey).

| Ptolemy II Philadelphus | ?
Chremonidean War (267-261 BC)  | Athens
Sparta
Ptolemaic Kingdom | Macedonia | Defeat

* Macedonian victory. Antigonid control over the city-states of Greece.

| Ptolemy II Philadelphus | ?
Second Syrian War (274-271 BC)  | Ptolemaic Kingdom | Seleucid Empire
Macedonia | Stalemate

* Cilicia, Pamphylia, Ionia, Miletus and Ephesus taken by the Selecuid Empire.
* Marriage of Antiochus II Theos to Ptolemy's daughter Berenice Syra.

| Ptolemy II Philadelphus | ?
Third Syrian War (246-241 BC)  | Ptolemaic Kingdom | Seleucid Empire | Stalemate

* Loss of Cyclades to Seleucid Empire.
* Ptolemaic kingdom awarded new territories in Syria, including Seleucia Pieria.

| Ptolemy III Euergetes | ?
Fourth Syrian War (219-217 BC)  | Ptolemaic Kingdom | Seleucid Empire | Victory

* Ptolemaic victory at the Battle of Raphia and preserved control of Coele-Syria.

| Ptolemy IV Philopator | 2,200 at the Battle of Raphia
Upper Egyptian Revolt (204–196 BC) | Ptolemaic Kingdom | Hugronaphor Ankhmakis | Ptolemaic victory

* The rebel leaders were taken to Memphis and publicly executed on 26 March 196 BC

| Ptolemy V Epiphanes | ?
Fifth Syrian War (202-195 BC)  | Ptolemaic Kingdom | Seleucid Empire
Macedonia | Defeat

* Coele-Syria taken by the Seleucid Empire.
* Conciliatory treaty signed in 195 BC. Ptolemy V agrees to marry Antiochus III's daughter Cleopatra I Syra.

| Ptolemy V Epiphanes | ?
Sixth Syrian War (170-168 BC)  | Ptolemaic Kingdom
Roman Republic (168 BC)  | Seleucid Empire | Victory

* Antiochus IV Epiphanes leaves Egypt after given ultimatum by Gaius Popillius Laenas.

| Ptolemy VIII Physcon | ?
War of Actium (32-30 BC)  | Rome supporting Mark Antony
Ptolemaic Kingdom | Rome supporting Octavian | Defeat

* Rome annexes Egypt.
* Cleopatra commits suicide.

| Cleopatra VII | ?

## Roman Egypt (30 BC – 641 AD)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian losses

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Subjugation of upper Egypt | Gaius Cornelius Gallus | Rebels in Thebes | Roman victory

* Upper Egypt was brought under Roman control by force of arms
* Cornelius established a protectorate over the southern frontier district

| Augustus | ?
Conquest of Arabia Petraea and Arabia Felix | Gaius Aelius Gallus | Nabataeans, Sabaeans[13] | Defeat

* The campaign was successful in the beginning before the Roman army reached Arabia Felix

| ?
Roman Campaign into the kingdom of kush | Gaius Petronius | Kingdom of Kush | Victory

* After the initial victories of Kandake Amanirenas against Roman Egypt, the Kushites of northern Nubia were defeated and Napata sacked [14]
* Kushites send ambassadors to negotiate a peace treaty between Rome and the kingdom of kush

| ?
Siege of Jerusalem | Tiberius Julius Alexander | Zealots,Sadducees,Pharisees

Idumaeans

| Victory

* Roman rule of Jerusalem restored

| Titus | ?
Diaspora Revolt | Marcus Rutilius Lupus | Jews | Roman victory

* Ethnic cleansing of Jews in Egypt

| Trajan | ?

## Tulunid Emirate (868–905)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian
losses

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Battle of Tawahin | Abbasid Caliphate | Tulunid Emirate | Tulunid victory

* Tulunids reaffirm rule over the Al-Sham region.

| Khumarawayh
Sa'd al-Aysar | ?

## Ikhshidid Emirate (935–969)

[edit]

Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Results  | Monarch  | Egyptian
losses

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Ikhshidid-Makurian conflict  | Ikhshidid Emirate |  Makuria | Ikhshidid Victory

* Kafur al-Ikhshidi annexed Old Dongola.

| Kafur al-Ikhshidi | ?
Fatimid conquest of Egypt | Ikhshidid dynasty |  Fatimid Caliphate | Defeat

* Capitulation of Fustat and Egypt
* Foundation of Cairo and move of the Fatimid Caliphate's seat from Ifriqiya to Egypt
* Beginning of Fatimid expansion into the Levant and the Hejaz

| Emir Abu'l-Fawaris
Ahmad ibn Ali
Ja'far ibn al-Furat
Nihrir al-Shuwayzan | ?

## Ayyubid Sultanate (1171–1250)

[edit]

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Sultan | Egyptian
losses

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Third Crusade

(1189-1192)

|  Ayyubid Sultanate

Sultanate of Rum

|  Angevin Empire

Kingdom of France

Holy Roman Empire

Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Jerusalem

* County of Tripoli
* Principality of Antioch

Republic of Genoa

Republic of Pisa

| Stalemate

* Treaty of Jaffa
* Crusader military Victory, resulting in a three-year truce. Acre, Philomelion, Iconium, Arsuf, and Jaffa all Crusader military victories.
* Recognition of the territorial status quo at the end of active campaigning, including continued Muslim control of Jerusalem and the restoration of the Levantine to the Crusader States Crusader States.
* The safety of both Christian and Muslim unarmed pilgrims guaranteed throughout the Levant.
* The Crusader Captures Cyprus and the Kingdom of Cyprus is established
* The Levantine coast from Tyre to Jaffa returned to Crusader control
* The Crusaders recapture Tiberias and some inland territories from the Muslims

| Saladin | ?
Crusade of 1197

(1197-1198)

|  Ayyubid Sultanate |  Holy Roman Empire | Defeat

* Beirut restored to the Kingdom of Jerusalem

| Al-Aziz Uthman | ?
Fifth Crusade

(1217–1221)

|  Ayyubid Sultanate |  Holy Roman Empire

Kingdom of Sicily

Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of France

Papal states

Kingdom of Jerusalem

Kingdom of Cyprus

Latin Empire

Knights Templar

Teutonic Order

Knights Hospitaller

Sultanate of Rum

| Victory

* Eight-year truce between the Ayyubids and the Crusaders

| Al-Kamil | ?
Sixth Crusade

(1228–1229)

|  Ayyubid Sultanate |  Holy Roman Empire

Teutonic Order

Kingdom of Sicily

| Stalemate

Diplomatic Crusader victory

* Jerusalem given back to the Crusaders

| Al-Kamil | ?
Baron's Crusade

(1239–1241)

|  Ayyubid Sultanate |  Kingdom of Jerusalem

Knights Templar

Teutonic Order

Knights Hospitaller

| Defeat

* Kingdom of Jerusalem returned to largest size since 1187

| As-Salih Ayyub | ?

## Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517)

[edit]

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Sultan | Egyptian
losses

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Seventh Crusade
(1248-1254)  |  Ayyubid Sultanate

* * *

Mamluk Sultanate |  Kingdom of France
Knights Templar | Victory

* Fall of the Ayyubid Dynasty in Egypt.

| Aybak | ?
Mongol invasions of the Levant
(1260-1323)  |  Mamluk Sultanate
Ayyubid Sultanate
Golden Horde |  Ilkhanate
Armenian Cicilia
Kingdom of Georgia
Sultanate of Rum
Principality of Antioch
County of Tripoli
Golden Horde
Kingdom of England
Knights Templar | Victory

* Treaty of Aleppo

| Qutuz | ?
Ninth Crusade
(1271-1272)  |  Mamluk Sultanate |  Kingdom of England
Kingdom of France
Cicilian Armenia
Kingdom of Cyprus
Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
Ilkhanate | Victory

* Ten-year truce between warring sides.

| Baibars | ?
Alexandrian Crusade
(1365)  |  Mamluk Sultanate |  Kingdom of Cyprus
Knights Hospitaller
Republic of Venice | Defeat

* Alexandria sacked.

| Al-Ashraf Sha'ban | ?
Mamluk campaigns against Cyprus
(1424-1426) |  Mamluk Sultanate |  Kingdom of Cyprus | Victory

* Cyprus becomes a tributary state

| Barsbay | ?
Ottoman–Mamluk War
(1485-1491)  |  Mamluk Sultanate |  Ottoman Empire | Victory

* Ottoman incursions into Cilicia halted.

| Qaitbay | ?
Mamluk-Portuguese War
(1505-1517)  |  Mamluk Sultanate |  Kingdom of Portugal | Defeat

* Ended with the fall of the Mamluk Sultanate.

| Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri | ?
Mamluk-Tahirid war

(1515–1517)

|  Mamluk Sultanate | Tahirid Sultanate | Victory

* The entire Tahirid realm fell under the Mamluks with the exception of Aden
* Mamluk fleet sets up a tributary regime in Zabid

| ?
Ottoman–Mamluk War
(1516-1517)  |  Mamluk Sultanate |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat

* Fall of the Mamluk Sultanate.

| ?

## Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt and Khedivate of Egypt (1803–1914)

[edit]

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Head of State | Egyptian
losses

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Fraser Expedition
(1807)  |  Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Egypt

|  British Empire | Victory

* Defeat of the British forces.

| Muhammad Ali of Egypt | ?
Egyptian–Saudi War
(1811-1818)  |  Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Egypt

|  Emirate of Diriyah | Victory

* Execution of Abdullah bin Saud.

| 8,000 casualties[15]
Egyptian conquest of Sudan

(1820-1824)

|  Ottoman Egypt |  Funj Sudan | Victory

* Invasion of Egypt into Sudan adding it to Egypt Eyalet.

| ?
Greek War of Independence
(1821-1829)  |  Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Egypt

|  Kingdom of Greece | Defeat

* Establishment of the Kingdom of Greece.

| over 8,000[16]
First Egyptian–Ottoman War
(1831-1833)  |  Ottoman Egypt |  Ottoman Empire | Victory

* Egypt gained the Aleppo Vilayet and the Syria Vilayet.

| 792[17]
Ottoman-Ethiopian border conflicts
(1832-1848)  |  Ottoman Egypt |  Ethiopian Empire | Inconclusive | ?
Expedition to Najd (1836)
(1836)  |  Ottoman Egypt |  Emirate of Najd | Victory

* Egyptian influence in the Middle East until 1840.

| ?
1838 Druze revolt
(1838)  |  Egypt Eyalet

* Chehab's Christian forces

| Druze clans  | Victory

* Peace agreement signed
* Egyptian rule restored
* Druze exempted from conscriptions

| ~400[18]
Second Egyptian–Ottoman War
(1839-1841)  |  Ottoman Egypt |  Ottoman Empire
British Empire
Austrian Empire | Defeat

* Egypt renounced its claim to Syria.

| 1,100+
Crimean War
(1853-1856)  |  Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Egypt
French Empire
British Empire
Sardinia |  Russian Empire | Victory

* Treaty of Paris.

| Abbas I of Egypt | ?
Cretan revolt
(1866-1869)  |  Ottoman Empire

Khedivate of Egypt

|  Cretan revolutionaries
Kingdom of Greece | Victory | Isma'il Pasha | 1,333
Ethiopian–Egyptian War
(1874-1876)  |  Khedivate of Egypt |  Ethiopian Empire | Defeat

* Egyptian invasion of Ethiopia repelled

| 13,000+[19]
Egyptian invasion of the Eastern Horn of Africa

(1874–1885)

|  Khedivate of Egypt | Sultanate of Aussa

Afran Qallo

| Victory

* Occupation of Hararghe and western Somaliland
* Establishment of the Khedivate's Somali Coast
* Emirate of Harar occupied by Egypt, with northern regions (such as Afar) split off

| ?
Serbian–Turkish Wars
(1876-1878)  |  Ottoman Empire

* Khedivate of Egypt

|  Serbia
Russia (from 1877)  | Defeat

* Serbia gains independence from the Ottomans

| ?
Russo-Turkish War
(1877-1878)  |  Ottoman Empire

* Khedivate of Egypt
* Polish Legion

|  Russia

* Romania
* Serbia
* Montenegro
* Opalchentsi

| Defeat

* Official recognition of de facto and de jure independence of the Balkan states.
* Treaty of San Stefano
* Treaty of Berlin

| ?
‘Urabi Revolt
(1879-1882)  |  Tewfik Pasha Forces
British Empire |  Ahmed ‘Urabi Forces | Defeat of ‘Urabi

* Exile of ‘Urabi, British occupation of Egypt.

| Tewfik of Egypt | 2,250[20]
Mahdist War
(1881-1899)  |  Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt (British Occupation)
British Empire
Italian Empire
Belgium
Ethiopia |  Mahdist Sudan | Victory

* Formation of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

| 13,102[21][22][23]

## Sultanate of Egypt (British Protectorate) (1914–1922)

[edit]

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Head of State | Egyptian
losses

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World War I
(1914-1918)  |  France

* French Protectorate of Morocco
* French Algeria
* French Protectorate of Tunisia

British Empire

* United Kingdom
* British Sultanate of Egypt
* Canada
* Newfoundland
* Australia
* New Zealand
* India
* South Africa

Russia
United States
Italy
Serbia
Montenegro
Belgium
Japan
China
Romania
Portugal
Brazil
Hejaz
Greece
Armenia
Nejd and Hasa
Siam

|  German Empire

* German Cameroon
* German Togo
* German East Africa
* German South West Africa

Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire

* Emirate of Jabal Shammar

Bulgaria

Senusiyya

| Victory

* End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires
* New countries formed in Europe and the Middle East
* Establishment of the League of Nations

| Hussein Kamel | 14,763+
Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
(1916)  |

* British Empire
* Sultanate of Egypt

| Sultanate of Darfur | Victory

* Darfur becomes a province of Sudan

| 5
Egyptian Revolution
(1919)  |  British Empire

* British Egypt
* British Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
* Australia

|  Rebels

* Wafd Party

| Diplomatic Revolutionary Victory

* British Recognition of Egyptian Independence and establishment of the Kingdom of Egypt in 1922
* Continued British presence in Egypt and Sudan

| Fuad I | 800

## Kingdom of Egypt (1919–1953)

[edit]

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Head of State | Egyptian
losses

|
|
|
|
|

World War II
(1939-1945)  |  Soviet Union
United States
United Kingdom
China
France
Poland
Yugoslavia
Greece
Netherlands
Belgium
Luxembourg
Denmark
Norway
Czechoslovakia
Canada
Australia
Kingdom of Egypt
New Zealand
India
South Africa
Philippines
Ethiopia
Brazil
Mexico
Mongolia |  Germany
Japan
Italy
Hungary
Romania
Bulgaria
Slovakia
Croatia
Finland
Iraq
Thailand | Victory

* Collapse of the German Reich and the Empire of Japan
* Creation of the United Nations
* Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers
* Beginning of the Cold War

| Farouk I | 1,125[24]

Abdeen Palace incident
(1942)

Kingdom of Egypt

|  United Kingdom | Defeat
First Arab–Israeli War
(1948-1949)  |  Kingdom of Egypt
Kingdom of Iraq
Holy War Army
Emirate of Transjordan
Republic of Syria

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Kingdom of North Yemen
Republic of Lebanon
Arab Liberation Army

|  Israel | Defeat

* Tactical and strategic Arab failure
* 1949 Armistice Agreements
* Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip

| 1,161-
2,000[25]
Egyptian Revolution
(1952)  |  Kingdom of Egypt |  Free Officers | Free Officers' Victory

* End of rule of the Muhammad Ali dynasty
* Establishment of the Republic of Egypt
* End of the Kingdom of Egypt

| 2

## Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)

[edit]

Conflict | Egypt
and allies | Opponents | Results | Head of State | Minister of
Defense | Egyptian
losses

|
|
|
|
|
|

Military | Civilians
Suez Crisis
(1956)  |  Republic of Egypt |  Israel
United Kingdom
France | Inconclusive

Coalition military victory[26][27][28]
Egyptian political victory[26]

* Anglo-French withdrawal from the Suez Canal following international pressure (December 1956)
* Israeli occupation of Sinai (until March 1957)
* UNEF demilitarized zone established
* End of Britain's role as a Superpower

| Gamal Abdel Nasser | Abdel Hakim Amer | 1,650–
3,000  | ~1,000

## United Arab Republic (1958–1971)

[edit]

Conflict | Egypt
and allies | Opponents | Results | Head of State | Minister of
Defense | Egyptian
losses

|
|
|
|
|
|

Military | Civilians
North Yemen Civil War
(1962-1967)  |  Yemen Arab Republic
United Arab Republic |  Kingdom of Yemen
Saudi Arabia | Stalemate

* Khartoum Resolution, Egyptian withdrawal
* Eventual Republican victory in 1970.

| Gamal Abdel Nasser | Abdel Wahab el-Beshry | 26,000 dead[29] | None
Sand War
(1963)  |  Algeria
United Arab Republic |  Morocco | Stalemate

* The closing of the border south of Figuig

| Unknown | None
Six-Day War
(1967)  |  United Arab Republic
Syria
Jordan
Iraq
Lebanon |  Israel | Defeat

* Israel captured the Gaza Strip, Sinai, the West Bank and the Golan Heights

| Shams Badran | 9,800–15,000 killed or missing[30][31] | Unknown
War of Attrition
(1967-1970)  |  United Arab Republic
Soviet Union
PLO
Jordan |  Israel | Both sides claimed victory

* Israeli invasion of Port Fuad repelled; creation of the Bar Lev Line
* Continued Israeli occupation of Sinai Peninsula

| Mohamed Fawzi | 2,882[32]–10,000[33]
Nigerian Civil War
(1967-1970)  |  Nigeria
United Arab Republic |  Biafra | Victory (Limited Involvement)

* Reincorporation of Biafra into Nigeria.

| Unknown  | None

## Arab Republic of Egypt (1971–present)

[edit]

Conflict | Egypt
and allies | Opponents | Results | Head of State | Minister of
Defense | Egyptian
losses

|
|
|
|
|
|

Military | Civilians
Yom Kippur War
(1973)  |  Federation of Arab Republics

* Egypt
* Syria

Iraq
Jordan
Algeria
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Cuba
North Korea[34][35]

|  Israel | Defeat[36] (Strategic Political Gains)[37]

* Syrian invasion repelled, Egyptian Third Army surrounded; UN ceasefire
* Egypt–Israel peace treaty[38]

| Anwar Sadat | Ahmad Ismail Ali | 5,000[39]–15,000[40] dead  | Unknown
Shaba I
(1977)  |  Zaire
Morocco
Egypt |  FNLC | Victory

* FNCL expelled from Katanga

| Mohamed el-Gamasy | None | None
Egyptian–Libyan War
(1977)  |  Egypt |  Libya | Ceasefire

* Libyan Armed Forces expelled from Egypt
* Egyptian armed forces success
* Anwar El Sadat declaration of a ceasefire

| ~100  | Unknown
Egyptian conscripts riot
(1986)  |  Egyptian Army |  Central Security Forces | Egyptian Army Victory

* Riot suppressed
* Mubarak regime promised to overhaul the force by raising its entry standards, increasing payment and bettering living conditions in their camps

| Hosni Mubarak | Abd Al-Halim Abu-Ghazala |  107[41] | None
Gulf War
(1990-1991)  |  Kuwait
United States
United Kingdom
Saudi Arabia
France
Canada
Egypt
Syria
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Australia |  Iraq | Victory

* Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait; Emir Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah restored
* Heavy casualties and destruction of Iraqi and Kuwaiti infrastructure

| Youssef Sabri Abu Taleb | 11[42][43] | None
War on terror
(2001-present)  |

* United States United Kingdom France Russia

* * *

NATO members:

* Albania
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Canada
* Croatia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Turkey

* * *

Other participant countries:

* Algeria
* Angola
* Armenia
* Australia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Belarus
* Benin
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Botswana
* Brunei
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cambodia
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Chad
* China
* Colombia
* Comoros
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Dominican Republic
* Cyprus
* Egypt
* El Salvador
* Eritrea
* Ethiopia
* Finland
* Gabon
* Georgia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Honduras
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Ireland
* Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021)
* Israel
* Ivory Coast
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kenya
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Lebanon
* Liberia
* Libya
* Malawi
* Malaysia
* Mali
* Malta
* Mauritania
* Mongolia
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Nepal
* New Zealand
* Nicaragua
* Niger
* Nigeria
* North Korea
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestine
* Philippines
* Rwanda
* Saudi Arabia
* Senegal
* Serbia
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Singapore
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Korea
* Sudan
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Tajikistan
* Taiwan
* Tanzania
* Thailand
* The Gambia
* Togo
* Tonga
* Tunisia
* Turkmenistan
* Uganda
* Ukraine
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen
* Zimbabwe

* * *

International missions:

* NATO—ISAF
* Resolute Support Mission
* Operation Enduring Freedom Allies
* Northern Alliance
* Multi-National Force – Iraq
* Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa
* Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve

(note: most contributing nations are included in the international operations)

ISIL

* Sinai Province
* Libya Province
* Algeria Province
* Central Africa Province
* West Africa Province
* Die Wahre Religion
* Katibah Nusantara
* Islamic State in the Greater Sahara
* Khorasan Province
* Yemen Province[45]
* Boko Haram
* Ansar Khalifa Philippines
* Caucasus Province
* ISS
* Abu Sayyaf[46]
* Al-Khansaa Brigade
* Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade
* Free Sunnis of Baalbek Brigade
* National Thowheeth Jama'ath
* Profetens Ummah
* Islamic Muthanna Movement
* MIT

Afghan Taliban (until 2021)
Pakistani Taliban

* * *

Other groups:

* East Turkestan Islamic Movement
* Osbat al-Ansar
* Haqqani network
* TNSM
* Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
* Lashkar-e-Taiba
* Lashkar-e-Omar
* Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
* Hizbul Mujahideen
* Iraqi Insurgents
* Ansaru
* Mullah Dadullah Front
* Fidai Mahaz
* Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries
* Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)
* Hamas
* Hezbollah
* Islamic Jihad Union
* Masked Brigade
* Jaish-e-Mohammed
* Ahrar ash-Sham
* Fatah al-Islam
* Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid
* Jaish al-Islam
* Indian Mujahideen
* Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
* Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front
* Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group
* Soldiers of Egypt
* Mujahideen Pattani Movement
* Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
* Rajah Sulaiman movement
* Somali pirates
* Salafia Jihadia
* Ansar al-Sharia (Mali)
* Ansar al-Sharia (Mauritania)
* Ansar al-Sharia (Morocco)
* Ansar al-Sharia (Egypt)
* Ansar al-Sharia (Yarmouk Area)
* Jemaah Islamiyah[47]
* Ansar al-Sunna (Mozambique)

Former groups:

* Islamic Courts Union (until 2006)
* JTJ (until 2004)
* Free Aceh Movement (until 2005)
* al-Qaeda in Iraq (until 2006)
* Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (until 2007)
* Tunisian Combatant Group (until 2011)
* Islamic State of Iraq
(until 2013)
* MOJWA
(until 2013)
* Ansar al-Islam (until 2014)
* Jundallah[48]
* Tehreek-e-Khilafat[49] (until November 2014)
* Hizbul Islam (until 2014)
* Jamaat-ul-Ahrar (until March 2015)[50]
* Jamaat-ul-Ahrar (until 2015)
* Ansar al-Sharia (Syria) (until 2016)
* Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (until 2016)
* Caucasus Emirate (until 2016)
* Al-Nusra Front (until 2017)
* Harakat Sham al-Islam (until 2017)
* Jund al-Aqsa (until 2017)
* Ansar Dine (until March 2017)[51]
* Al-Mourabitoun (until March 2017)[51]
* Ansar al-Sharia (Libya) (until May 2017)[52][53][54]
* Maute Group (until 2017)
* Islamic Emirate of Waziristan (until 2017/2018)
* Ansar al-Sharia (Derna, Libya) (until 2018)
* Turaifie group (until 2019)
* Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (until 2018)
* Jund al-Khilafah (2014)
* Dokumacılar (until 2017)
* Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade (until 2016)
* Jaysh al-Jihad (until 2016)
* IMU (until 2015)
* Rajah Sulaiman Movement (until ?)
* Islamic Jihad of Yemen (until ?)
* Black Banner Organization (until ?)
* Iraqi Baath Party loyalists (until ?)

| Ongoing

* Ongoing conflict

| Mohamed Tantawi | ?  | ?
2011 Egyptian revolution
(2011)  |  Pro-Government:

* National Democratic Party
* Central Security Forces
* Egyptian Armed Forces
* Police forces
* State Security Intelligence
* Supreme Council of the Armed Forces

|  Opposition Groups:

* 6 April Youth Movement
* Muslim Brotherhood
* Kefaya

| Pro-Government Victory

* Toppling of the Mubarak government
* Resignation of Prime Ministers Nazif and Shafik[55]
* Assumption of power by the military[56]
* Suspension of the Constitution and dissolution of the Parliament[57]
* Disbanding of the State Security Investigations Service[58]
* Dissolution of the NDP (former ruling party) and transfer of its assets to the state[59]
* Arrest and prosecution of Mubarak, his family and former ministers[60][61][62]
* 31-year state of emergency lifted[63]
* Democratic election to replace Mubarak; Mohamed Morsi elected as new president[64]
* Protests in response to Morsi's temporary constitutional declaration.

| * During revolution: 846[65][66]

* Post-Revolution: 300+[67]

Sinai Insurgency
(2011-2023)  |  Egypt
Israel
United Arab Emirates |  Islamic State | Ongoing

* Ongoing Conflict

| Mohamed Tantawi | 3,277 killed (2013-2022)
12,280 Injured (2013–2022)[68] | 1,539+ Egyptian,[69][70] 219 Russians, 4 Ukrainians, 1 Belarusian,[71] 3 South Koreans,[72] 3 Vietnamese, 2 Germans,[73] 1 Croatian[74]
2013 Egyptian coup d'état
(2013)  |  Egyptian Government

Muslim Brotherhood

* Freedom and Justice Party
* Islamists
* Egyptian Islamic Labour Party

* * *

Pro-Morsi protesters

* * *

Supported by:
Turkey
Qatar
Jordan

|  Supreme Council of the Armed Forces

* Egyptian Armed Forces
* Egyptian Police
* Nasserists
* National Democratic Party
* Al-Azhar University
* Al-Nour Party

| Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Victory

President Mohamed Morsi deposed by the Egyptian army

* Constitution suspended, and a transitional roadmap declared
* Adly Mansour becomes interim president
* Arrests and detention of Muslim Brotherhood leaders and members, including Morsi
* Closure of perceived pro-Muslim Brotherhood media outlets
* Dissolution of Shura Council[75]
* Escalation of militant attacks in the Sinai Peninsula
* Increasing unrest and instability in response to coup
* Temporary suspension of Egypt from the African Union
* New presidential election held in 2014
* Morsi and other Muslim Brotherhood figures jailed on various charges
* Crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood
* Mohamed Morsi dies during his court trial on 17 June 2019

| Mohamed Morsi | Abdel Fattah al-Sisi | 1,150+[76][77]
Second Libyan Civil War
(2015-2020)  |  Libya
Egypt
United Arab Emirates |  GNC

* * *

Shura Council

* * *

Islamic State | Victory (limited involvement)

* Egyptian military intervention

| Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | Sedki Sobhi | None | 21
Intervention In Yemen
(2015-)  |  Hadi government
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Senegal
Sudan
Qatar
Bahrain
Kuwait
Jordan
Morocco
Egypt
France |  Revolutionary Council

* Houthis
* Saleh loyalists

| Ongoing

* Houthis dissolve Yemeni government.
* Houthis take control of northern Yemen.

| None | None

## Notes

[edit]

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2. ^ Somaglino, Claire; Tallet, Pierre (2015). "Gebel Sheikh Suleiman : a First Dynasty Relief after all..." Archéo-Nil 25.
3. ^ An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. p. 144.
4. ^ The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians. p. 100.
5. ^ Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. p. 107.
6. ^ Simpson, William K. (1984). "Sesostris II". In Wolfgang Helck (ed.). Lexikon der Ägyptologie Vol. 5. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 895\. ISBN 3447024895.
7. ^ Breasted, J.H. (1906). Ancient Records of Egypt: Part One. Chicago. pp. 640–673.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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9. ^ Pritchard, James B. (2016). Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament with Supplement. Princeton University Press. p. 230\. ISBN 978-1-4008-8276-2.
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14. ^ Arthur E. Robinson, "The Arab Dynasty of Dar For (Darfur): Part II", Journal of the Royal African Society 28 (1928), pp. 55–67
15. ^ The era of Muhammad Ali, pp. 131-pg. 132 by Abd al-Rahman al-Rafei.
16. ^ Howarth, The Greek Adventure, p. 241.
17. ^ Lt. Col. Osama Shams El-Din. "A Military History of Modern Egypt from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War." United States Army Command and General Staff College, 2007. [1] PDF
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* Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, Yom Kippur War, Doubleday and Company, Inc, 1974, page 450
* Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli Army. Cambridge, MA, Abt Books, 1983
* Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498
* Revisiting The Yom Kippur War, P.R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2 ISBN 0-313-31302-4
* Johnson and Tierney, Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics. Page 177
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39. ^ Garwych, p. 243.
40. ^ Herzog, Encyclopaedia Judaica, Keter Publishing House, 1974, p. 87.
41. ^ Europa Publications Limited, The Middle East & North Africa, Volume 50: p.303
42. ^ Schmitt, Eric (22 March 1991). "After the War". The New York Times.
43. ^ "Soldier Reported Dead Shows Up at Parents' Doorstep". Associated Press. 22 March 1991.
44. ^ Mike Levine; James Gordon Meek; Pierre Thomas; Lee Ferran (23 September 2014). "What Is the Khorasan Group, Targeted By US in Syria?". ABC News. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
45. ^ "Wilayat al-Yemen: The Islamic State's New Front". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
46. ^ Penney, Joe (5 October 2011). "The 'War on Terror' rages in the Philippines". Al Jazeera. Qatar. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
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47. ^ "Jemaah Islamiyah". Mapping Militant Organizations. Stanford University. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
"Profile: Jemaah Islamiah". United Kingdom: BBC News. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
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50. ^ "Pakistani splinter group rejoins Taliban amid fears of isolation". Reuters. 12 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
51. ^ a b "Islamic extremist groups to merge in Mali, pledge allegiance to al-Quaida". Archived from the original on 4 March 2017.
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55. ^ "Egypt's prime minister quits, new govt soon-army". Forexyard.com. Archived from the original on 2011-05-01. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
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