List of wars involving Hungary

This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. Consider splitting content into sub-articles, condensing it, or adding subheadings. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (June 2024)

|

Part of a series on the

History of Hungary

Early history

* Hungarian prehistory
* The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest
* Roman Pannonia
* Hunnic Empire

Early medieval

| Kingdom of the Gepids| 454–567

|

Ostrogothic Kingdom| 469–553
Avar Khaganate| 567–822
Hungarian invasions of Europe| ~800–970
Hungarian conquest| 862–895

Medieval

| Principality of Hungary| 895–1000

|

Kingdom of Hungary| 1000–1301
Personal union with Croatia| 1102–1918
Golden Bull| 1222
Mongol invasion of Hungary| 1241–1242
Kingdom of Hungary| 1301–1526
Ottoman Wars| 1366–1526

Early modern

| Reformation| 1520

|

Ottoman Wars| 1526–1718
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom| 1526–1570
Royal Hungary| 1526–1699
Ottoman Hungary| 1541–1699
Principality of Transylvania| 1570–1711
Bocskai uprising| 1604–1606
Wesselényi conspiracy| 1664–1671
Principality of Upper Hungary| 1682–1685
Kingdom of Hungary| 1699–1867

Late modern

| Rákóczi's War of Independence| 1703–1711

|

Principality of Transylvania| 1711–1867
Hungarian Reform Era| 1825–1848
Revolution of 1848| 1848–1849
Hungarian State| 1849
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy| 1867–1918
Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen| 1867–1918
World War I| 1914–1918
Interwar period| 1918–1941
Hungarian People's Republic| 1918–1919
Hungarian Soviet Republic| 1919
Hungarian Republic| 1919–1920
Treaty of Trianon| 1920
Kingdom of Hungary| 1920–1946
First Vienna Award| 1938
Governorate of Subcarpathia| 1939–1945
Second Vienna Award| 1940
Revisions of Délvidék| 1941
World War II| 1941–1945

Contemporary

| Second Hungarian Republic| 1946–1949

|

Hungarian People's Republic| 1949–1989
Revolution of 1956|  1956
Goulash Communism| 1956–1989
Third Hungarian Republic| 1989–2012
Hungary| since 2012

Topics

* Hungarians
* Hungarian language
* Timeline
* Kingdom of Hungary
* History of Transylvania
* Seven chieftains of the Magyars
* Árpád dynasty
* Holy Crown
* Hungarian Kings
* Transylvanian Princes
* Nobility
* Great Officers
* Military
* List of Wars
* Christianity
* Economy
* Flag
* Coat of arms
* Chronicles
* Literature
* Music
* Székelys
* Jews
* Budapest

Hungary portal

* v
* t
* e

This is a list of military conflicts in which Hungarian armed forces participated in or took place on the historical territory of Hungary.

The list gives the name, the date, the Hungarian allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

Victory
Defeat
Result of civil or internal conflict
A treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, an unknown or indecisive result
Ongoing conflict

## Middle Ages

[edit]

### Wars under the Árpád dynasty's rule

[edit]

Date  | Conflict  | Allies  | Enemies  | Result

|
|
|
|

~800–970  | Hungarian invasions of EuropeHungarian invasions of Europe in the 9–10th century |  Hungarian Tribes | Kingdom of Italy
East Francia
West Francia
Middle Francia
Great Moravia
Byzantine Empire
Al-Andalus
First Bulgarian Empire
Principality of Serbia | More than a century of raids and decisive wars

* Between 899 and 970, according to contemporary sources, the researchers count 47 (38 to West and 9 to East)[1] raids in different parts of Europe. From these campaigns only 8 were unsuccessful and the others ended with success.[2]
* Many tributes were paid to the Hungarians.
* Many times the rulers of Europe hired the Hungarian warriors against each other.
* The most significant result of the Battle of Pressburg is that the Hungarians secured their lands in 907, prevented a future German invasion, the Germans did not attack Hungarian land until 1030.
* The Hungarians also used a preemptive war against the Germans and the German unification.
* A Hungarian army was defeated in German land at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955. Seven years later Otto I was rewarded for stopping the Hungarians and he was crowned Emperor by Pope John XII in 962 and the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) was established.[1]
* The Hungarian military presence stabilized the Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin.

811  | Battle of Pliska
The Battle of Pliska (Manasses Chronicle, 12th century) |  First Bulgarian Empire
Hungarian Tribes
Avar mercenaries  |  Byzantine Empire | Decisive Bulgarian victory

* The Hungarians were in alliance with Krum of Bulgaria against Emperor Nikephoros.[3]

~830  | Hungarian – Khazar War | Hungarian Tribes | Khazars | Hungarian victory
862–895  | Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian BasinHungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (painting by Mihály Munkácsy, 1893) |  Hungarian Tribes |  East Francia
Great Moravia
First Bulgarian Empire | Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin

* Foundation of Grand Principality of Hungary in the Carpathian Basin.

894  | Byzantine – Bulgarian War | Hungarian Tribes
Byzantine Empire |  First Bulgarian Empire |
895  | Campaign of Kiev
The Hungarians at Kiev (painting by Pál Vágó, 1885) |  Hungarian Tribes |  Kievan Rus' | Hungarian victory
899  | Battle of Brenta
Hungarian mounted archer shooting a knight who chases him (fresco in Basilica of Aquileia, 12th century) |  Principality of Hungary | Kingdom of Italy | Hungarian victory

* Almost all the army of Berengar I of Italy was annihilated.
* The Hungarian invasion resulted in the burning of many cities, like Feltre, Vercelli, Modena and monasteries like the monastery in Nonantola and attacking even Venice.
* Berengar I of Italy accepts to pay tribute. He started to pay to the Hungarian tribute regularly, and until his death in 924, and in exchange the Hungarians helped him against every enemies that he had. The Hungarians became Berengar's friends.
* The returning Hungarian army had a role also in the conquering of Pannonia, as part of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, from the Bavarians by the Hungarians in late 900.

901  | Carinthian campaign

* Battle of Laibach

|  Principality of Hungary |  East Francia
Duchy of Carinthia | Hungarian victory

* Both sides suffered a heavy casualties at the Battle of Laibach, Duke Eberhard and Duke Gottfried died.
* After the battle, Hungarian raid to Carinthia, Carniola, Styria.

907  | Battle of Pressburg / Pozsony

* Battle of Ennsburg
* Battle of Regensburg
* Battle of Lengenfeld

Battle of Pressburg (painting by Peter Johann Nepomuk Geiger, 1850) |  Principality of Hungary |  East Francia
Duchy of Bavaria | Decisive Hungarian victory

* After the Battle of Pressburg the victorious Hungarians defeated other Bavarian armies at Ennsburg, Regensburg, Lengenfeld.
* The most significant result of the Battle of Pressburg is that the Hungarians secured the lands they gained during the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, and prevented a future German invasion, the Germans did not attack Hungary until 1030.
* This battle is considered one of the most significant battles in the history of Hungary. The Hungarian victory forced the new Bavarian prince, Luitpold's son, Arnulf to conclude a peace treaty, the prince recognized the loss of Pannonia and Ostmark, pushing Hungary's borders deep in Bavarian territory, the river Enns became borderline, paid tribute, and agreed to let the Hungarian armies, which went to war against Germany or other countries in Western Europe, to pass through the duchies lands.
* The establishment of the future Kingdom of Hungary.

908  | Battle of Eisenach
Hungarian horse archers, a detail of the Arrival of the Hungarians (Feszty Panorama) (painting by Árpád Feszty, 1894) |  Principality of Hungary |  East Francia | Hungarian victory

* A crushing victory by a Hungarian army over an East Frankish army composed of troops from Franconia, Saxony, and Thuringia.
* After this victory the Hungarian campaigns against the German duchies continued until 910, the battles of Augsburg and Rednitz, ended with disastrous German defeats, after which the German king Louis the Child concluded peace with the Principality of Hungary, accepting to pay tribute to the latter, and recognizing the Hungarian territorial gains during the war.[1]

910  | Battle of Lechfeld / Augsburg |  Principality of Hungary |  East Francia
Swabia | Hungarian victory

* On 12 June 910, it was an important victory by a Hungarian army over the combined forces of East Francia and Swabia under the nominal command of Louis the Child.[1]
* After the battle, the victorius Hungarians broke into Franconia for the first time, where they won another victory[1] on 22 June in the Battle of Rednitz.

910  | Battle of Rednitz |  Principality of Hungary |  East Francia
Duchy of Franconia
Duchy of Lotharingia
Duchy of Bavaria | Hungarian victory

* 10 days after the battle Battle of Lechfeld, on 22 June 910, the same Hungarian army entered Franconia, and defeated a united army of the duchies of Franconia, Lotharingia and Bavaria in the Battle of Rednitz.
* The Bavarian, Frankish, Swabian and Saxonian duchies became taxpayers of the Hungarians. As consequence of this victory, in the next year, Hungarian attacks launched from the Carpathian Basin crossed the Rhine for the first time in 911.[1]

917  | Battle of AchelousThe Bulgarian victory at Anchelous (13th century) |  First Bulgarian Empire
Principality of Hungary
Pechenegs |  Byzantine Empire | Bulgarian victory

* Hungarian troops are helping Simeon I of Bulgaria to defeat the Byzantines in the great Battle of Acheloos.[4][5]

919  | Battle of Püchen |  Principality of Hungary |  East Francia | Hungarian victory
925  | Battle of Drava River |  Principality of Hungary |  Duchy of Croatia | Croatian victory
933  | Battle of Merseburg / RiadeHenry the Fowler fights against the Hungarians, (Sächsische Weltchronik, 1270) |  Principality of Hungary |  East Francia | German victory
934  | Battle of W.l.n.d.r
Hungarian warriors in Bulgaria (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Principality of Hungary
Pechenegs
Muslim auxiliary troops  |  Byzantine Empire
First Bulgarian Empire
Muslims converted to Christianity  | Decisive Hungarian – Pecheneg victory
942  | Battle of Fraxinet |  Principality of Hungary | Muslims  | Hungarian victory
942  | Hungarian raid in Spain |  Principality of Hungary | Caliphate of Córdoba

* Upper March of Al-Andalus

Catalan Counties

| Hungarian victory
955  | Battle of Lechfeld / AugsburgMiniature of the story of Lehel's Horn (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Principality of Hungary |  Kingdom of Germany
Duchy of Saxony
Duchy of Thuringia
Duchy of Bavaria
Duchy of Swabia
Duchy of Bohemia | Hungarian defeat

* Despite the German victory, the German losses were heavy, among them many nobles: Conrad, Duke of Lorraine, etc.[6]
* Bulcsú, Lehel, and Sur are hanged in Regensburg.[7]
* Upon destruction of the Hungarian forces, the German army proclaimed Otto I father of the fatherland and emperor.[8] In 962, on the strength of this, Otto I went to Rome and had himself crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John XII.[9]
* End of the Hungarian invasions towards the West.

960  | Battle of Drina (Its existence is questionable)  |  Principality of Hungary | Principality of Serbia | Serbian victory

* Hungarian leader named Kisa was defeated by Časlav, the Prince of Serbia.

960  | Battle of Syrmia (Its existence is questionable) Illustration of Časlav being thrown into the Sava by the Hungarians (19th century) |  Principality of Hungary | Principality of Serbia | Hungarian victory

* A Hungarian army defeated Časlav, the Prince of Serbia by avenge of the widow of Kisa.

970  | Battle of Arcadiopolis |  Principality of Hungary
Kievan Rus'
First Bulgarian Empire
Pechenegs |  Byzantine Empire | Byzantine victory

* End of the Hungarian invasions of Europe.

984  | Hungarian – German border conflict at MelkLeopold the Illustrious fighting the Hungarians and defending Melk (Babenberger Stammbaum, 1489–1492) |  Principality of Hungary |  Margraviate of Austria | Hungarian defeat

* The Hungarians supported Henry II, Duke of Bavaria against Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, thus the Hungarians raided several times the territories of Piligrim, Bishop of Passau from the fortress of Melk.[10]
* Leopold I, Margrave of Austria launched a counter-attack and besieged and occupied Melk, which forced Géza, Grand Prince of Hungary to withdraw Hungarian forces from the territories west of the Vienna Woods and Khalenberg.[10]
* Later, Géza, Grand Prince of Hungary renounced the lands west of the river Leitha in his peace treaty of 996 with Henry IV of Bavaria. The river Leitha became the historic border between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire.

997  | Koppány's revolt
The execution of Koppány (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Principality of Hungary
Holy Roman Empire | Koppány's Army  | Koppány's defeat
1002  | King Stephen I's military campaign against Gyula of TransylvaniaKing Saint Stephen of Hungary captures his uncle Gyula, the ruler of Transylvania (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Hungarian Royal Army  | Gyula III of Transylvania  | Successful campaign of King Saint Stephen of Hungary

* "Gyula" meant the second highest title in Hungarian tribal confederation. Gyula's ancestor was among the seven chieftains of the conquering Hungarians, who finally settled in Transylvania. Gyula's family ruled Transylvania in Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia). Gyula II was baptised in Constantinople around 952.
* After the coronation King Stephen I asserted his claim to rule all lands dominated by Hungarian lords.
* King Stephen I personally led his army against his maternal uncle, and Gyula III surrendered without a fight, Gyula III and his family was captured.
* Transylvania was incorporated with the Kingdom of Hungary.
* The establishment of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Transylvania in 1009.

1008 (?),

1029 (?)

| King Stephen I's military campaign against Ajtony, a tribal leader in the Banat |  Kingdom of Hungary | Ajtony's Army  | Successful campaign, Ajtony's defeat
1017–1018  | Hungarian – Polish war  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Duchy of Poland | Stalemate
~1018  | Pecheneg attack against Hungary  |  Kingdom of Hungary | Pecheneg tribes  | Hungarian victory
1018  | Hungarian – Bulgarian WarKing Saint Stephen of Hungary defeats Kean "Duke of the Bulgarians and Slavs" (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Byzantine Empire |  First Bulgarian Empire | Hungarian – Byzantine victory
1018  | The intervention of Boleslaw the Brave, Duke of Poland in the Kievan succession crisis

* Battle of the River Bug

|  Duchy of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Holy Roman Empire
Pechenegs |  Kievan Rus' | Temporary victory for Sviatopolk and Bolesław, Polish sack of Kiev
1030–1031  | Military campaign of Emperor Conrad II's against Hungary  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian victory

* The Hungarians occupied Vienna.[11]

1041  | Uprising against King Peter OrseoloKing Peter Orseolo (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Hungarian Army  | Hungarian nobles  | Suppression of King Peter
1042–1043  | German – Hungarian wars  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian defeat
1044  | Henry III's military campaign against Hungary

* Battle of Ménfő

Battle of Ménfő, on the right side of the picture Emperor Henry III gives thanks for victory, on the left a soldier executes King Samuel Aba (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  The army of King Samuel Aba |  Holy Roman Empire
Peter Orseolo and his allies  | Defeat of Samuel Aba, restoration of Peter
1046  | War between King Peter and Prince AndrewThe blinding of King Peter, Prince Andrew takes the Hungarian crown (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  King Peter's army
Holy Roman Empire |  Prince Andrew's army
Kievan Rus' | Hungarian victory
1046  | Vata pagan uprising
Pagans slaughtering priests and the martyrdom of Bishop Gerard of Csanád (Anjou Legendarium, 1330) |  King Peter, later King Andrew I | Paganic rebels  | Prince Andrew's victory

* During this rebellion, Vata gained power over a group of rebels who wished to abolish Christian rule and revert to paganism.
* Bishop Gerard of Csanád invited Vazul's exiled sons to the country.
* Prince Andrew and Levente returned to Hungary from their exile and quickly gained popular support for the throne, especially among the pagan populace, despite the fact that Andrew was Christian (Levente had remained pagan). On their return, a rebellion began, which Andrew and Levente initially supported. The princes accepted the claims of the rebels in exchange for fighting against King Peter.
* King Peter decided to flee from Hungary and take refuge in Austria. Andrew's envoys tricked the king before he reached the frontier. King Peter fled to a fortified manor at Zámoly, but his opponents captured him. King Peter was blinded, which caused his death.
* The pagans slaughtered priests and Bishop Gerard of Csanád.
* Prince Andrew pronounced himself king.
* King Andrew soon broke with his pagan supporters, restored Christianity and declared pagan rites illegal.

1051–1052

* 1051

| Emperor Henry III's military campaigns against Hungary

* Battle of Vértes

|  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia | Hungarian victory
1052  | Emperor Henry III's fifth military campaign against HungaryThe destruction of Emperor Henry III ships at the Castle of Pozsony (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian victory

* German Emperor Henry III undertook a fifth campaign against the Kingdom of Hungary, and besieged Pozsony without success, as the Hungarians sank his supply ships on the Danube river.

1056–1058  | German – Hungarian border war  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Stalemate, treaty of Marchfeld
1060  | Civil war between King Andrew I and his brother, Prince Béla

* Battle of Moson

|  King Andrew I's army
Holy Roman Empire | Prince Béla's army
Kingdom of Poland | Prince Béla's victory
1061  | Second paganic uprising |  Hungarian army  | Paganic rebels  | Uprising suppressed
1063  | German invasion of Hungary |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian defeat
1067  | Croatian campaign  |  Kingdom of Hungary | Duchy of Carinthia | Hungarian victory

* King Solomon of Hungary and Prince Géza of Hungary helped to his brother-in-law to Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia to recapture Dalmatia from the Carinthians.

1068  | Hungarian – Bohemian war  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia | King Solomon of Hungary occupies Bohemia[12][13]
1068  | Pecheneg attack against Hungary

* Battle of Kerlés / Cserhalom

Saint Ladislaus is fighting a duel with a Cuman warrior who kidnapped a girl (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary | Pechenegs
Ouzes | Hungarian victory
1071–1072  | Hungarian – Byzantine war
King Solomon and Prince Géza receive gifts from the locals at Niš (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Byzantine Empire
Pechenegs | Hungarian victory

* Pecheneg troops pillaged Syrmia in 1071. The king and the duke suspected that the soldiers of the Byzantine garrison at Belgrade incited the marauders against Hungary, they decided to attack the fortress.
* The Hungarian army crossed the river Sava, although the Byzantines used Greek fire against their boats. The Hungarians defeated the Pechenegs who helped the Byzantines to relief the siege. Finally the Hungarians took Belgrade after a siege of three months.
* King Solomon and Prince Géza marched along the valley of the river Great Morava as far as Niš. The Hungarians seized the Byzantine city without any resistance.[14]

1074  | Civil war between King Solomon and his cousins Géza and Ladislaus

* Battle of Mogyoród

Battle of Mogyoród (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  King Solomon's army
Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia | Prince Géza's army
Prince Ladislaus's army
Prince Otto's army  | Prince Géza and Ladislaus defeat the armies of King Solomon and Emperor Henry IV. King Solomon was dethroned.
1075  | Henry IV's military campaign against HungaryThe Escape of King Solomon (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire
Solomon's army  | Hungarian victory
The Campaigns of King Ladislaus I (1079–1095)
1079  | Henry IV's military campaign against King Saint Ladislaus |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian victory[15]
1085  | Cuman attack against HungaryKing Saint Ladislaus, the knight-king (fresco in the church of Székelyderzs, 1419) |  Kingdom of Hungary | Cuman tribes
Solomon's army  | Hungarian victory

* King Saint Ladislaus planned to make peace and an agreement with Solomon, the former king of Hungary, but Solomon soon began conspiring against Ladislaus, and Ladislaus imprisoned him.
* The first five Hungarian saints, including the first king of Hungary, Stephen I, and Stephen's son, Emeric, were canonized during Ladislaus's reign. Ladislaus released Solomon at the time of the ceremony. After his release, Solomon made a final effort to regain his crown. He persuaded a Cuman chieftain, Kutesk, to invade Hungary. Solomon promised Kutesk, that he would give him the right of possession over the province of Transylvania and would take his daughter as wife. King Ladislaus defeated the invaders.
* At the head of a large contingent Solomon joined a huge army of Cumans and Pechenegs who invaded the Byzantine Empire in 1087. The Byzantines routed the invaders, Solomon seems to have died fighting in the battlefield.

1091  | Hungarian occupation of CroatiaKing Saint Ladislaus of Hungary crosses the river Drava to conquer Croatia (painting by Bertalan Székely, 19th century) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Croatia | Hungarian victory

* King Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia was a member of the House of Trpimirović, he married Helen of Hungary from the Árpád dynasty in 1063. Helen was a Hungarian princess, daughter of King Béla I of Hungary, and sister to King Ladislaus I of Hungary. There was no living male member of the House of Trpimirović in 1091, civil war broke out in Croatia.
* The widow of King Zvonimir, Helen tried to keep her power in Croatia during the succession crisis. Several Dalmatian cities and Croatian nobles around Helen asked King Ladislaus I to help Helen and offered him the Croatian throne, which was seen as rightfully his by inheritance rights.
* In 1091 Ladislaus I crossed the Drava river and conquered the entire province of Slavonia without encountering opposition, Ladislaus I had success in his campaign, yet he wasn't able to establish his control over entire Croatia.
* Ladislaus I appointed his nephew Prince Álmos to administer the controlled area of Croatia, established the Diocese of Zagreb as a symbol of his new authority and went back to Hungary.
* Petar Snačić uprised against the Hungarian rule between 1093 and 1097.

1091  | Cuman attack against Hungary
Saint Ladislaus is chasing and fighting a duel with a Cuman warrior (Chronica Hungarorum, 1488) |  Kingdom of Hungary | Cuman tribes  | Hungarian victory

* The Cumans invaded and plundered Hungary leading by chieftain Kapolcs, they broke first in Transylvania, then the territory between the Danube and Tisza rivers. The Cumans tried to leave Hungary with their huge booty and prisoners, but King Ladislaus I reached and defeated them near the Temes river.[16]
* King Ladislaus I offered the Christianity for the Cuman survivors, the majority of them accepted, thus the king settled them in Jászság, in the Kingdom of Hungary.[16]

1091  | Battle near Severin / Szörényvár against the Cumans |  Kingdom of Hungary | Cuman tribes  | Hungarian victory

* The rumor of the losing battle reached the Cuman camp, the Cumans threatened King Ladislaus I with revenge and demanded to free the Cuman prisoners.[16]
* King Ladislaus I marched to the Hungarian border to prevent the next invasion. The two army clashed near Severin / Szörényvár, the Hungarian army was victorious, King Ladislaus killed Ákos, the Cuman chieftain.[16]

1092  | Ruthenian campaign by King Saint LadislausThe Ruthenians pledge allegiance to King Saint Ladislaus (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Kievan Rus' | Hungarian victory

* King Ladislaus I blamed the Ruthenians for the invasion of the Cumans, he stated the Cumans were incited by them. In retaliation, Ladislaus I invaded the neighboring Rus' principalities, forcing the Ruthenians to ask "for mercy" and to promise "that they would be faithful to him in all things".[17]

1094  | King Ladislaus I's intervention in a Polish conflictSiege of Kraków (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Poland | Hungarian victory

* Władysław I Herman, Duke of Poland was a cousin of King Ladislaus I of Hungary.[18] King Ladislaus I's intervented in a conflict between Władysław I Herman, Duke of Poland, and the duke's illegitimate son, Zbigniew.
* King Ladislaus I marched to Poland and captured Herman's younger son, Boleslaus.
* The Hungarian troops captured Kraków during Ladislaus' campaign.[18]
* At Ladislaus' demand, Władysław I Herman declared Zbigniew his legitimate son.

The Campaigns of King Coloman (1095–1116)
1095  | Campaign in Apulia |  Kingdom of Hungary
Republic of Venice |  Principality of Taranto | Hungarian victory

* When King Coloman of Hungary seized Croatia, Vitale I Michiel, Doge of Venice asked an ally against the Normans who threatened the Dalmatian cities. A huge Hungarian army was transported to Apulia by the Venetian navy, they defeated the Normans, the Hungarians captured Brindisi and Monopoli, thus the Normans was retreated from Dalmatia. The Hungarian army plundered the land and retreated after three months leaving the cities in the hand of the Venetians.[19]

1096  | King Coloman's defensive operations against the different armies of the crusadersKing Coloman's meeting with Godfrey of Bouillon (13th century) |  Kingdom of Hungary | French and German crusaders  | Hungarian victories

* The first group of crusaders was led by Walter Sans Avoir with 150,000 troops. King Coloman received them in a friendly way and allowed them into the kingdom. They proceeded through Hungary without any major conflicts, the only incident occurred near the Hungarian–Byzantine border at Zimony.[20]
* The next group was headed by Peter the Hermit with 40,000 troops. King Coloman permitted them to enter Hungary only after Peter pledged that he would prevent them from pillaging the countryside, but Peter could not keep his promise, the crusaders plundered and raped locals. They reached Zimony, where they learned of the story of the previous conflict. The crusaders besieged and took the town, where they massacred many thousand Hungarians. They only withdrew when Coloman's troops approached them.[20]
* The third band of crusaders was led by Folkmar with 12,000 men reached Nyitra and when they saw the richness of the countryside they began plundering the region. These were soon routed by the local Hungarians.[20]
* A fourth army that came to Moson was led by Gottschalk with 15,000 men. They camped near Pannonhalma, to seize food and wine, the crusaders made frequent pillaging raids against the nearby settlements. King Coloman attacked and massacred the majority of them. The crusader mob of Gottschalk fled with 3,000 men from Hungary.[20]
* Following these incidents, King Coloman forbade the crusaders who arrived under the leadership of Count Emicho with 200,000 men to enter Hungary. The crusaders besieged Moson, their catapults destroyed the walls in two places, enabling them to storm into the fortress. King Coloman defended the fortress. After six weeks the morale of the crusader mob began to fail, which inspired the Hungarians, a panic broke out among the attackers that enabled the garrison to carry out a sortie and rout them, and most of the mob was slaughtered or drowned in the river.[20]
* The first crusader army organized by the Holy See was led by Godfrey of Bouillon with 80,000 troops. King Coloman agreed to meet with Godfrey in Sopron. The king allowed the crusaders to march through his kingdom but stipulated that Godfrey's younger brother Baldwin and his family should stay with him as hostages. The crusaders passed through Hungary peacefully along the right bank of the Danube, King Coloman and his army followed them on the left bank. He only released his hostages after all the crusaders had crossed the river Sava. The uneventful march of the main crusader army across Hungary established Coloman's good reputation throughout Europe.[20]

1096  | Occupation of Biograd na Moru / Tengerfehérvár |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Croatia | Hungarian occupation of Biograd na Moru

* During the campaign of Apulia, an agreement was made with the Doge of Venice, that part of Dalmatia up to Zadar / Zára would remain in the possession of Venice, King Coloman of Hungary occupied the part further south.[21]

1097  | Battle of Gvozd Mountain Death of the Last Croatian King (painting by Oton Iveković, 1894) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Croatia | Decisive Hungarian victory

* Petar Snačić was elected king by Croatian feudal lords in 1093. Petar's seat of power was based in Knin. Petar Snačić's uprised against the Hungarian rule between 1093 and 1097.
* King Ladislaus I of Hungary died in 1095, leaving his nephew King Coloman of Hungary to continue the Croatian campaign. Coloman, as was the case with Ladislaus I before him, wasn't seen as a conqueror but rather as a pretender to the Croatian throne.
* Coloman assembled a large army to press his claim on the throne and in 1097 defeated King Petar's troops in the Battle of Gvozd Mountain, who was killed in battle.
* King Coloman was crowned in Biograd na Moru in 1102 and the title now claimed by Coloman was "King of Hungary, Dalmatia, and Croatia".
* King Coloman created a personal union between the kingdoms of Hungary and Croatia (1102–1918).

1099  | King Coloman's war against the Kievan Rus' |  Kingdom of Hungary | David Igorevich's army
Cuman tribes  | Hungarian defeat

* Grand Prince Sviatopolk II of Kiev sent his son Iaroslav – who was the husband of one of Coloman's nieces – to Hungary to seek assistance against the princes of the westernmost regions of Kievan Rus' in 1099.[22]
* This was a favorable opportunity for the intervention, like King Ladislaus I of Hungary, King Coloman of Hungary was very angry with Vasylko of Terebovlia and Volodar of Przemyśl, because they always let Cuman troops through their principalities that raided the northern parts of Hungary for the purpose of robbery, which were always joined also Russians.[22]
* King Coloman and his army crossed the Carpathian Mountains and laid siege to Przemyśl, the seat of Volodar, one of the rebellious princes. David Igorevich, one of Volodar's allies, persuaded the Cumans to attack the Hungarians. The Cumans used Cuman namely old Hungarian warfare, in the ensuing battle, the Hungarian army was defeated. The Chronicon Pictum says that "The bloodshed there was so great that the Hungarians rarely suffered such a great defeat."[22]

1105  | Siege of Zara and occupation of Dalmatia |  Kingdom of Hungary | Dalmatian cities
Republic of Venice | Hungarian victory
1107  | Campaign in Apulia |  Kingdom of Hungary
Byzantine Empire
Republic of Venice |  Principality of Taranto | Hungarian victory

* Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch attacked the Byzantine Empire with a huge Norman army from Southern Italy. Alexios I Komnenos defended his country at the east side of the Adriatic Sea, meantime he asked Hungarian and Venetian aid. The Venetian navy transported the Hungarian army to Apulia and the Hungarians devastated the land of Bohemond I and they captured Brindisi and Monopoli. In the beginning of the next year the Hungarians went home and left the cities in the hand of the Venetians like during the campaign of 1095.[23]
* Treaty of Devol.

1108  | Hungarian war with the Holy Roman Empire  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia | Hungarian victory
1115–1119  | Hungarian – Venetian wars  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Republic of Venice | Hungarian defeat
1123  | Stephen II's intervention in the Kievan Rus' internal conflict  |  Kingdom of Hungary

Iaroslav from Vladimir

|  Kievan Rus' | Hungarian retreat
1124–1125  | Hungarian – Venetian war  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Republic of Venice | Hungarian defeat
1127–1129  | Byzantine-Hungarian War (1127–29) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Grand Principality of Serbia |  Byzantine Empire | Stalemate, peace agreement
1132  | Hungarian – Polish war[24] |  Kingdom of Hungary
Duchy of Austria |  Kingdom of Poland | Hungarian victory
1136–1137  | Béla II's balcanic campaigns (against Venice and the Byzantine Empire)  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Byzantine Empire
Republic of Venice | Hungarian victory
1146  | Battle of the Fischa
The Battle of the Fischa (Chronica Hungarorum, 1488) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Duchy of Bavaria
Duchy of Austria | Hungarian victory
1149–1152  | Géza II's intervention in the conflict between the Principality of Halych and Kievan Rus' |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kievan Rus' |  Principality of Halych | Peace agreement
1149–1155  | Hungarian – Byzantine wars |  Kingdom of Hungary
Grand Principality of Serbia |  Byzantine Empire | Ceasefire
1154  | Siege of Braničevo |  Kingdom of Hungary
Cumans |  Byzantine Empire | Abandoned siege, Hungarian retreat
1162–1165  | Hungarian civil war between Stephen III and his uncles Ladislaus and Stephen |  Kingdom of Hungary
Holy Roman Empire | Ladislaus and Stephen's army

Byzantine Empire

| Stephen III's victory
1167  | Battle of Sirmium |  Kingdom of Hungary
Banate of Bosnia |  Byzantine Empire
Serbian Grand Principality  | Decisive Byzantine victory, Hungary lost Dalmatia
1168  | Hungarian – Bohemian war  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia | Hungarian victory
1176  | Battle of Myriokephalon |  Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of Hungary
Principality of Antioch
Grand Principality of Serbia | Sultanate of Rum | Seljuk victory

* Military balance maintained.
* The Hungarian auxiliary troops were commanded by Palatine Ampud, and Leustach Rátót, Voivode of Transylvania sent by King Béla III of Hungary to fight along the Byzantines against the Seljuks.

1180–1185  | Hungarian – Byzantine war |  Kingdom of Hungary

Grand Principality of Serbia (1183-1185)[25]

|  Byzantine Empire | Hungarian victory, Hungary reoccupied Dalmatia
1188–1189  | King Béla III's military campaign against Halych  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Principality of Halych | Hungarian victory, occupation of Halych
1190  | Battle of Iconium |  Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Hungary | Sultanate of Rum | Crusader victory

* Main Seljuk army routed.
* Sultanate of Rum's capital city sacked.
* Géza, Prince of Hungary, the younger brother of King Béla III joined by a contingent of 2,000 men to Frederick Barbarossa to participate in the Third Crusade.
* About 5,000 Imperials and Hungarians under Duke Frederick joined the Siege of Acre in October.

1192-1193  | Attack of the Hungarian King Bela III on the Grand Principality of Serbia[26] |  Kingdom of Hungary | Grand Principality of Serbia

Byzantine Empire

| Defeat

* Hungarian invasion of the Grand Principality of Serbia prompted the intervention of Isaac II Angelos against the invaders
* Retreat of the Hungarian army
* Stefan Nemanja preserves his throne and state

1198  | Attack of Andrew II of Hungary on Hum[27] |  Kingdom of Hungary | Grand Principality of Serbia | Inconclusive

* Duke Andrew II of Hungary invades Hum, then part of the Grand Principality of Serbia, occupies a part of it temporarily, but then loses it[27]
* Hum remains a part of the Grand Principality of Serbia

1197–1203  | Brothers' quarrel, civil war between King Emeric and his brother AndrewEmeric captures his rebellious younger brother Andrew (painting by Mór Than, 1857) |  Emeric's army  |  Andrew's army  |

* 1197 (Andrew's victory)

* 1199 (Emeric's victory)

* 1203 (Emeric's victory)

1201–1205  | Emeric's balcanic wars  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Second Bulgarian Empire
Grand Principality of Serbia

Bosnia

| Hungarian victories
1202  | Siege of Zara
The crusaders conquering the City of Zara in 1202 (painting by Andrea Vicentino, 16th century) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia |  Soldiers of the Fourth Crusade
Republic of Venice | Hungarian defeat

* Venetians and Crusaders sacked the city

1213–1214, 1219,

1233–1234

| King Andrew II's military campaigns against Halych  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Principality of Halych | Hungarian defeat
1217–1218  | King Andrew II's participation in the Fifth Crusade

* Battle of Bethsaida

King Andrew II at the head of his crusader army (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Duchy of Austria
Latin Empire of Constantinople |  Ayyubids | Hungarian victories on the battlefields. Muslim forces retreated to their fortresses and towns.
1225  | King Andrew II expels the Teutonic Knights from Transylvania, the order had to move to Poland  |  Kingdom of Hungary
|  Teutonic Knights  | Hungarian victory
1237–1241  | Bosnian Crusade The Hungarian successes were followed by quick Hungarian retreat because of the Mongol invasion of Hungary  | Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria | "Heretics" within the Banate of Bosnia | Stalemate after the quick Hungarian retreat due to the Mongol attacks
1241  | Battle of Mohi |  Kingdom of Hungary | Mongols | Hungarian defeat
1241–1242  | First Mongol invasion of Hungary |  Kingdom of Hungary | Mongols | Mongol victory at the Battle of Mohi. Mongols retreated within a year from Hungary due to the local Hungarian withstand. Both sides suffered a heavy casualties.[28]
1242  | Battle of Grobnik Field |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia | Mongols | Hungarian – Croatian victory[28]
1242  | King Béla IV's punishing campaign against Frederick II, Duke of Austria |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Duchy of Austria | Hungarian victory[29]
1243  | Siege of Zara |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Republic of Venice | Hungarian defeat
1246  | Battle of the Leitha River |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Duchy of Austria | Hungarian defeat
1250–1278  | Hungarian – Bohemian wars  |  Kingdom of Hungary
Holy Roman Empire |  Kingdom of Bohemia
Duchy of Austria | Bohemian defeat
1259  | Battle of Pelagonia | Empire of Nicaea
Cuman cavalry
Hungarian mounted archers
Turkish cavalry
Serbian horsemen
German knights  | Despotate of Epirus
Principality of Achaea
Duchy of Athens
Duchy of the Archipelago
Triarchy of Negroponte
Kingdom of Sicily | Decisive Nicaean victory
1260  | Battle of Kressenbrunn
The Battle of Kressenbrunn (Chronica Hungarorum, 1488) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Poland
Principality of Halych |  Kingdom of Bohemia

Margraviate of Moravia
Duchy of Austria
Duchy of Styria
Duchy of Silesia
Duchy of Carinthia | Bohemian victory
1261–1262  | Occupation of Konstantin Tih's Bulgarian Empire by King Béla IV.  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Second Bulgarian Empire | Hungarian victory[30][31]
1264–1265  | Internal conflict between King Béla IV and his son, Stephen

* Battle of Isaszeg

|  King Béla IV's army  |  Duke Stephen's army  | Stephen's victory, he got eastern Hungary as a duchy
1268  | Mačva War Béla IV 's army captures Stefan Uroš I. Their conflict was solved with dynastic marriage.  | Béla IV of Hungary |  Kingdom of Serbia (medieval), Stefan Uroš I | Hungarian victory
1272–1279  | Feudal anarchy  |  King Ladislaus IV
Csák noble family | Kőszegi noble family
Gutkeled noble family | Royal victory
1277  | Stefan Dragutin – Stefan Uroš I conflict  | Stefan Dragutin
Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Serbia (medieval) Stefan Uroš I | Hungarian victory
1277  | Hungary's war with Litovoi in Cumania |  Kingdom of Hungary | Litovoi's army  | Hungarian victory
1278  | Battle on the Marchfeld, at Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen
Battle on the Marchfeld (painting by Anton Petter, 1858) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Duchy of Austria
Kingdom of Germany
Burgraviate of Nuremberg |  Czech lands
Duchy of Głogów
Duchy of Lower Bavaria
Duchy of Silesia | Decisive Hungarian – German victory

* Death of Ottokar II of Bohemia.
* Rudolph I of Habsburg got the Austrian throne.
* Decisive event for the history of Central Europe for the following centuries. The battle marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the House of Habsburg in Austria and Central Europe.

1282  | Cumanic uprising

* Battle of Lake Hód

|  Kingdom of Hungary | Cumanic tribes  | Hungarian victory
1285–1286  | Second Mongol invasion of HungaryMongols in Hungary in 1285 (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Golden Horde | Decisive Hungarian victory
1287–1288  | Third Mongol invasion of Poland |  Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary |  Golden Horde
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Polish – Hungarian victory
1291  | German – Hungarian war  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian victory
1290–1301  | Croato–Hungarian war of succession after the death of king Ladislaus IV of Hungary and Croatia  |  Árpád dynasty
Šubić family |  House of Anjou
Kőszegi family | Indecisive

* Árpáds were winning militarily, but Andrew III's death in 1301 extinguished the Árpád dynasty and triggered the Árpád war of succession in Hungary (1301–1308)
* Paul I Šubić of Bribir became de facto independent ruler of Croatia

1298  | Battle of Göllheim |  Duchy of Austria
Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Hungary | County of Nassau
Electoral Palatinate | Habsburg victory

### Wars between 1301 and 1526

[edit]

Date  | Conflict  | Allies  | Enemies  | Result

|
|
|
|

1301–1308  | Árpád war of succession, after the extinction of the Árpád dynasty |  Charles Robert of Anjou
Duchy of Austria
Matthew III Csák's army
László Kán's army  |  Kingdom of Bohemia
Duchy of Bavaria
Kőszegi Hungarian noble family | Angevin victory

* Charles Robert of Anjou became Hungarian king

1310–1321  | King Charles I's wars for the centralized power against the Hungarian aristocracy

* Battle of Rozgony

|  Kingdom of Hungary
Order of Saint John
Zipser Saxons | Matthew III Csák
Aba dynasty
Borsa family
Apor family
Kőszegi family | Royal victory

* Centralization of the Hungarian Kingdom

1312  | Battle of Rozgony
Battle of Rozgony (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Order of Saint John
Zipser Saxons | Aba dynasty
Matthew III Csák | Decisive victory for King Charles I, weakening of the magnates
1319  | Belgrade and Banate of Mačva  |  Charles I of Hungary  |  Kingdom of Serbia (medieval), Stefan Milutin | Victory for Charles I
1322–1337  | Hungarian – Austrian War, restoration of the western borders, defeat of Austria, Kőszegi and Babonić families  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Duchy of Austria
Holy Roman Empire
Kőszegi family
Babonić Croatian noble family  | Hungarian victory
1321–1324  | Hungarian–Serbian War  |  Kingdom of Hungary
Bosnia
Stephen Vladislav II of Syrmia |  Kingdom of Serbia (medieval) | Hungarian defeat
1330  | Battle of Posada
Battle of Posada (Chronicon Pictum, 1358) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Wallachia | Hungarian defeat

* The Wallachian army led by Basarab, formed of cavalry, peasants and foot archers, ambushed and defeated the 30,000-strong Hungarian army, in a mountainous region

1344  | King Louis the Great's invasion and occupation of Wallachia and Moldavia[32] |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Wallachia
Moldavia | Hungarian victory, Wallachia and Moldavia became vassal states of King Louis the Great[33]
1345–1358  | Hungarian – Venetian War, Venice had to pay annual tribute to Louis. Venetians also had to raise the Angevin flag on Piazza San Marco.  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Republic of Venice | Decisive Hungarian victory Treaty of Zadar
1345  | The campaign of King Louis I against the rebellious Croatian noblesThe campaign of King Louis I against the rebellious Croatian nobles (Chronica Hungarorum, 1488) |  Kingdom of Hungary | Croatian nobles  | Hungarian victory
1345  | Hungary's war with the Golden Horde |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Golden Horde | Hungarian victory

* The Golden Horde was pushed back behind the Dniester River, the Golden Horde's control of the lands between the Eastern Carpathians and the Black Sea weakened
* The establishment of Moldavia in 1346 as a Hungarian vassal state.

1347–1349, 1350–1352  | Hungarian-Naples WarsThe battle of Voivode Stephen Lackfi against Louis of Taranto around Naples (Chronica Hungarorum, 1488) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Naples | First campaign: temporary Hungarian victory
Second campaign: status quo ante bellum
1348  | Battle of Capua |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Naples | Hungarian victory, occupation of the kingdom
1356–1359  | Crusade against Francesco Ordelaffi | Pope Innocent VI

Kingdom of Hungary

| Francesco II Ordelaffi | Victory
1360–1369  | Louis I's balcanic wars (against Serbia, Bulgaria, Wallachia and Bosnia)  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Serbian Empire
Second Bulgarian Empire
Bosnia
Wallachia | Temporary Hungarian victories
1366–1367  | Hungarian – Ottoman War |  Kingdom of Hungary
Duchy of Savoya
Padova
Republic of Venice
Kingdom of France
Byzantine Empire |  Ottoman Empire
Second Bulgarian Empire | Christian victory
1369  | Wallachian campaign  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Wallachia | Hungarian victory
1372–1381  | War of Chioggia, Hungary defeated the Venetians in several times, and finally expelled Venetians from Dalmatia, however Genoa, Padoa and Austria lost the War. The war resulted in the Treaty of Turin (1381) |  Kingdom of Hungary

Padua
Republic of Genoa
Duchy of Austria

|  Republic of Venice
Milan
Ottoman Empire
Kingdom of Cyprus | Hungarian victory, Venice had to pay annual tribute to King of Hungary
1375–1377  | Hungarian–Ottoman WarVictory of Louis the Great of Hungary against the Ottomans in Bulgaria (St. Lambert's Abbey, 1420) |  Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Poland

|  Ottoman Empire
Second Bulgarian Empire | Hungarian victory
1377  | Hungarian – Lithuanian war  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Hungarian victory, Louis I enters Vilnius[34]
1384–1394  | Civil war between a part of the Hungarian nobility and Mary, Queen of Hungary and Sigismund king  |  Kingdom of Hungary | Horváti family
Kingdom of Naples | Sigismund's victory
1394–1395  | Wallachian campaign  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Wallachia | Wallachia became a Hungarian vassal, Mircea I the Great accepted the lordship of King Sigismund without any fight.
1394–1395  | Moldavian campaign  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Moldavia | Hungarian victory

* Moldavia became a Hungarian vassal.
* King Sigismund of Hungary occupied Suceava the capital of Stephen I of Moldavia.

1396  | Battle of Nicopolis
Battle of Nicopolis (painting by Sébastien Mamerot, 1472–1475) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of France
Knights Hospitaller
Duchy of Burgundy
Duchy of Savoy
Wallachia
Lands of the Bohemian Crown
Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Croatia
Swiss Confederacy
Kingdom of England
Republic of Venice
Republic of Genoa
Crown of Castile
Crown of Aragon
Kingdom of Navarre
Second Bulgarian Empire
Teutonic Order
Byzantine Empire |  Ottoman Empire
Moravian Serbia | Crusader defeat

* King Sigismund of Hungary had experience fighting with the Ottomans, but the French knights refused his battle plan. The French knights rushed to the Ottoman lines, while the other allies stayed with the Hungarian forces under King Sigismund, this caused confusion and divided the strength of the Crusader army.
* Ottomans defeat Crusades and no new Anti-Ottoman alliance is formed till the 1440s.
* Ottomans maintain pressure on Constantinople, tightened control over the Balkans, and became a greater threat to central Europe.
* Collapse of Second Bulgarian Empire.

1407–1408  | Bosnian campaign

* Battle of Dobor

|  Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Bosnia | Hungarian victory

* King Sigismund achieved a decisive victory over Tvrtko II of Bosnia, 126 members of Bosnian nobility were massacred.
* King Sigismund founded the Order of the Dragon as a celebration of the reoccupation of Bosnia and Dalmatia when he married Barbara of Cilli.

1411–1433  | Hungarian – Venetian War  |  Kingdom of Hungary
Milan  |  Republic of Venice | Dalmatia became part of Venice
1415–1419  | Hungarian – Ottoman War |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Stalemate
1419–1434  | Hussite Wars
Battle of King Sigismund and the Hussites (miniature by Eberhard Windeck, 1440–50) |  Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Hungary

Moderate Hussites (since 1423)

| Hussites (mostly united until 1434) Radical Hussites (since 1434)  | Victory of the moderate Hussites and Catholics over the radical Hussites.

* Compromise between moderate Hussites and the Catholic Church; both join forces to fight the radical Hussites

* The moderate Hussites are recognized by the Catholic Church and allowed to practice their own rite

* The radical Hussites are defeated, and their rites forbidden

* Sigismund of Luxembourg becomes King of Bohemia

* The Basel Compacts, signed by Emperor Sigismund and Catholic and Hussite representatives, effectively end the Hussite Wars

1420–1432  | War of the South Danube |  Kingdom of Hungary
Wallachia
Grand Duchy of Lithuania |  Ottoman Empire | Armistice
1420  | Battle of Vítkov Hill |  Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Hungary | Hussites | Hussite victory
1420  | Battle of Vyšehrad |  Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Hungary | Hussites | Hussite victory
1421  | Battle of Kutná Hora |  Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Hungary | Hussites | Hussite victory
1421  | Battle of Nebovidy |  Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Hungary | Hussites | Hussite victory
1422  | Battle of Německý Brod |  Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Hungary | Hussites | Hussite victory
1428  | Siege of Golubac |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Ottoman victory
1430  | Battle of Trnava |  Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Hungary | Hussites | Hussite victory
1431  | Battle of Ilava |  Kingdom of Hungary | Orphans | Hungarian-Royalists victory
1437  | Transylvanian peasant revolt of Budai Nagy Antal | Transylvanian aristocracy  | Transylvanian peasants  | Defeat of the rebels

* Establishment of Unio Trium Nationum.

1437  | Battle of Smederevo |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory[35]

* Ali Bey suffered a defeat from the Hungarians in the summer of 1437 near Smederevo while the Hungarians were returning from their raid on Kruševac.[36]

1437–1442  | Hungarian–Ottoman War |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory
1440  | Siege of Belgrade |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory
1440–1441  | Civil war between King Vladislaus I and King Ladislaus V |

* King Vladislaus I

* John Hunyadi
* Nicholas Újlaki
* Hungarian nobles

* King Ladislaus V

* Ulrich Cillei
* Hungarian nobles

| Peace agreement, Vladislaus is accepted as Hungarian king

* John Hunyadi and Nicholas Újlaki annihilated the troops of Vladislaus opponents at Bátaszék at the beginning of 1441. Their victory effectively put an end to the civil war.
* The grateful king appointed Hunyadi and Újlaki joint Voivodes of Transylvania and Counts of the Székelys. Hunyadi was appointed as head of several southern counties of the Kingdom of Hungary, he assumed responsibility for the defense of the frontiers.

1441  | Battle of Smederevo |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory

* Hunyadi began to make raids on the Ottoman countryside in Serbia and he defeated Ishak Bey, the commander of Smederovo.[37][38]

1442  | Battle of Hermannstadt / Szeben
John Hunyadi is fighting with the Turks (lithography by József Marastoni, 19th century) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory

* John Hunyadi marked his third victory over the Ottomans after the relief of Smederevo (1437) and the defeat of Ishak Beg midway between Semendria and Belgrade (1441).[39]
* When John Hunyadi defeated Mezid Bey and the raiding Ottoman army in the south part of the Kingdom of Hungary in Transylvania, Hunyadi chased the Ottomans beyond the Hungarian borders and the Hungarian army penetrated Wallachia at the Red Tower Pass, Hunyadi forced Voivode Vlad II Dracul to became again a Hungarian vassal. Later continuing his campaign, Hunyadi also forced the Moldavian voivodes Ilie and Stephen II, who until that time had recognized the authority of the Polish king, to renew their loyalty to the Hungarian king.[39]

1442  | Battle near the Iron Gate / Vaskapu
The battle of John Hunyad at the Iron Gate (Chronica Hungarorum, 1488) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory

* According to contemporary sources, Ottoman army had 80,000 people, Hungarian army had 15,000 men.[40] John Hunyadi defeated a large Ottoman army of Beylerbey Şehabeddin, the Provincial Governor of Rumelia.[41]
* This was the first time that a European army defeated such a large Ottoman force, composed not only of raiders, but of the provincial cavalry led by their own sanjak beys (governors) and accompanied by the formidable janissaries.[41]
* Hunyadi gained a huge booty. He put lots of treasures and weapons on a wagon that ten horses could hardly pull and sent it to King Vladislaus I of Hungary to Buda.

1443–1444  | Long campaign
The Long Campaign of John Hunyad against the Ottomans (Chronica Hungarorum, 1488) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory

* Peace of Szeged

1443  | Battle of Nish |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Poland
Serbian Despotate
Wallachia
Moldavia |  Ottoman Empire | Crusader Victory
1443  | Battle of Zlatitsa |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Poland
Serbian Despotate
Papal States |  Ottoman Empire | Ottoman victory, halting of the Crusader advance
1444  | Battle of Kunovica
John Hunyadi, Regent-Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary and General of Hungarian army (17th century) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Poland
Serbian Despotate |  Ottoman Empire | Crusader Victory
1444  | Battle of Varna
King Władysław III of Poland / Vladislaus I of Hungary in the Battle of Varna (painting by Jan Matejko, 1879) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Croatia
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Crown of Bohemia
Wallachia
Bulgarian rebels
Kingdom of Bosnia
Papal States
Teutonic Knights |  Ottoman Empire | Crusader defeat

* Vladislaus I of Hungary, the young king, ignoring Hunyadi's advice, rushed 500 of his Polish knights against the Ottoman center. They attempted to overrun the Janissary infantry and take Murad II prisoner, and almost succeeded, but in front of Murad's tent Vladislaus's horse either fell, and the king was slain.
* Murad's casualties at Varna were so heavy, it was not until three days later that he realized he was victorious.
* The Ottoman victory in Varna, followed by the Ottoman victory in the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448, deterred the European states from sending any substantial military assistance to the Byzantines during the Ottoman Siege of Constantinople in 1453.

1447  | Wallachian campaign  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Wallachia
Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory

* John Hunyadi deprived Vlad II Dracul from the Wallachian throne, because Vlad II Dracul captured Hunyadi after the Battle of Varna.
* Hunyadi placed Vladislav II on the throne of Wallachia.
* Hunyadi also drove a small Ottoman army out of Wallachia.

1448  | Second Battle of Kosovo / Rigómező
An akinji is dragging an incapacitated Hungarian knight (Süleymanname, 16th century) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Wallachia |  Ottoman Empire
Wallachia (Switched to the Ottoman side on the third day of the battle)[42][43][44][45][46] | Ottoman victory
1454  | Battle of Kruševac |  Kingdom of Hungary

Serbian Despotate

|  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory

* The Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed II invaded Serbia in May 1454 and laid siege to Smederevo, thus violating the truce of November 1451 between his empire and Hungary.[47] John Hunyadi decided to intervene and started to assemble his armies at Belgrade, forcing the Sultan to lift the siege and leave Serbia in August.[48][49] However, an Ottoman force of 32,000 strong continued to pillage Serbia up until Hunyadi routed them at Kruševac on 29 September.[50][51]
* He made a raid against the Ottoman Empire and destroyed Vidin before returning to Belgrade.[52]

1456  | Siege of Belgrade / Nándorfehérvár
The self-sacrifice of Titusz Dugovics (painting by Sándor Wagner, 1853) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory

* The Siege of Belgrade was a major issue for the entire Europe, especially after the fall of Constantinople in 1453. The fall of the fortress city of Belgrade would have opened the gates of Europe to the Turks and that would have certainly changed the history of the world.
* The Battle of Belgrade deserves to be remembered. Hungarians played a key role in the defense of Europe against the invasion of the Turks in the 15th century.
* Pope Callixtus III ordered the bells of every European church to be rung every day at noon, as a call for believers to pray for the defenders of the city. But because in many European countries the news of victory arrived before the Pope's order for prayer, the ringing of the church bells was believed to be in celebration of the victory. Therefore, the significance of the church bells ringing is now the commemoration of Hunyadi's victory against the Turks.
* Plague broke out in the camp, from which John Hunyadi himself died three weeks later.

1458–1459  | Matthias I's war with Ján Jiskra |  Kingdom of Hungary | Jiskra's soldiers  | Royal victory
1458–1465  | War in Bosnia |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Partial Bosnian territory occupied by the Ottoman Empire.
1460  | Battle at Pojejena / Alsópozsgás |  Troops of Michael Szilágyi |  Ottoman raiding army of Ali Bey Mihaloğlu | Ottoman victory

* The Ottomans lured the small advancing army of Michael Szilágyi into a trap at Pojejena. Michael Szilágyi was being captured by Ali Bey Mihaloğlu. Michael Szilágyi was transferred to Constantinople, he was decapitated by the orders of the Sultan.

1464  | Siege of Jajce |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory
1465–1471  | Hussite uprising in North-Hungary  |  Kingdom of Hungary | Czech hussite rebels  | Hungarian victory
1467  | Hungarian - Moldavian war

* Battle of Baia / Moldvabánya

|  Kingdom of Hungary |  Moldavia | Moldavian victory [53][54]
1468–1478  | Bohemian War (1468–1478) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Bohemia | Treaty of Olmütz, Matthias became king of Bohemia
1471  | Hungarian – Polish war. King Matthias I forced King Casimir IV to withdraw from Hungary  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Poland | Hungarian victory
1471–1476  | Matthias's intervention in the Moldovian – Ottoman War  |  Kingdom of Hungary
Moldavia |  Ottoman Empire | After initial Hungarian-moldavian victories Hungary stopped the advocating of Moldavia, so Stephen III moldavian ruler became vasal of the Ottoman Empire.
1474  | Siege of Wrocław / Breslau / Boroszló |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Bohemia | Between 1469 and 1490, Wrocław was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1474, the city was besieged by combined Polish–Czech forces. Kings Casimir IV of Poland, his son Vladislaus II of Bohemia, and Matthias Corvinus of Hungary met in the nearby village, and a ceasefire was signed according to which the city remained under Hungarian rule.
1475  | Battle of Vaslui |  Moldavia
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Poland |  Ottoman Empire
Wallachia | Moldavian–Hungarian–Polish victory
1476  | Siege of Šabac / Szabács |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | King Matthias besieged and seized Šabac, an important Ottoman border fort
1479  | Battle of Breadfield / KenyérmezőBattle of Breadfield (Colorized lithography from Eduard Gurk after Ion Osolsobie, 19th century) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire
Wallachia | Hungarian victory

* Hungary defeats the highly outnumbered Ottoman army in Transylvania. Ottoman casualties were extremely high. The battle was the most significant victory for the Hungarians against the raiding Ottomans, and as a result, the Ottoman Turks did not attack southern Hungary and Transylvania for many years thereafter.

1480–1481  | Battle of Otranto |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Naples
Crown of Aragon
Kingdom of Sicily
Papal States |  Ottoman Empire | Christian victory
1482–1488  | Austrian – Hungarian War |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Decisive Hungarian victory

* At the end of the campaign, Hungary controlled all of Upper Austria as well, which remained under the control of King Matthias until his death, in 1490.

1482  | Siege of Hainburg |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian victory
1484  | Battle of Leitzersdorf |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian victory
1485  | Siege of Vienna / BécsThe triumphant Matthias (painting by Gyula Benczúr, 1919) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian victory

* The Black Army captures Vienna. The city is then merged into Hungary from 1485 to 1490. where Matthias moved his royal court.

1486  | Siege of Retz |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian victory
1486–1487  | Siege of Wiener Neustadt / Bécsújhely |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Holy Roman Empire | Hungarian victory

* City surrenders
* Austria ceded the western lands of Lower Austria, Styria and Carinthia to the Kingdom of Hungary.

1490–1491  | War of the Hungarian Succession |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Bohemia |  Kingdom of Poland | Treaty
1490  | Battle of Bonefield | The supporters of John Corvinus | The supporters of Beatrice of Naples | The supporters of Beatrice of Naples, Stephen Báthory and Paul Kinizsi defeated John Corvinus.
1491–1495  | Hungarian – Ottoman war  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Stalemate
1492–1493  | The Black Army's uprising |  Kingdom of Hungary | Black Army | Destruction of the Black Army
1499–1504  | Hungarian – Ottoman war  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Stalemate
1512–1520  | Hungarian – Ottoman war  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Successful defensive operations against the Ottomans
1514  | Peasants revolt, led by György DózsaThe execution of György Dózsa (Stephanus Taurinus: Stauromachia, id est, Cruciatorum servile bellum, 1519) |  Kingdom of Hungary | Peasants  | Revolt suppressed

* Royal power declined in favour of the magnates, who used their power to curtail the peasants' freedom. Gyorgy led a revolt but was eventually caught, tortured, and executed and became known as a martyr or a dangerous criminal.[55]

1520–1526  | Hungarian-Ottoman War  |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian defeat
1523  | Battle of Szávaszentdemeter |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory[56]
1526  | Battle of Mohács
Discovering the Body of King Louis II of Hungary (painting by Bertalan Székely, 1860) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian defeat

* Decisive downward turning point in Hungarian history.
* Destruction of the Kingdom of Hungary as an independent and powerful European nation.
* The territory of Hungary was split into two parts in 1529 and into three parts in 1541.
* Around two hundred years of constant warfare with and between two empires, Habsburg and Ottoman, turned Hungary into a perpetual battlefield. The countryside was regularly ravaged by armies moving back and forth devastating the population.

## Wars between 1526 and 1699

[edit]

Date  | Conflict  | Allies  | Enemies  | Result

|
|
|
|

1526–1538  | Hungarian Civil War

* Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528

German tidings of the campaign of Ferdinand I, in Hungary, 1527 |  Kingdom of Hungary
Habsburg monarchy |  Ottoman Empire
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom | Inconclusive

* Treaty of Nagyvárad
* Hungary officially split into two parts
* Ottomans gain influence in Eastern Hungary

1526–1527  | Jovan Nenad uprising  |  Eastern Hungarian Kingdom |  Serbs of Vojvodina | Hungarian victory
1532  | Siege of Kőszeg / Güns
Siege of Güns (Edward Schön) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory

* Captain Jurisics Miklós defended the small border fort of Kőszeg with only 700–800 men (46 soldiers, 700 peasants) with no cannons and few guns, preventing the advance of the 120,000–140,000 strong Turkish army towards Vienna.

1532  | Battle of Leobersdorf
Balkan Slavic Akindžije in Central Hungary, 16th century |  Habsburg monarchy
Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire
Moldavia | Habsburg victory

* Kazim Bey's Ottoman army was completely destroyed.

1540–1547  | Habsburg–Ottoman war |  Kingdom of Hungary
Habsburg monarchy |  Ottoman Empire
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom | Ottoman victory

* Buda, Pest, Esztergom and most of central Hungary under Ottoman control
* Szapolyai reduced to Eastern Hungary
* Vienna forced to pay tribute

1543  | Siege of Esztergom
Siege of Esztergom, (painting by Sebastian Vrancks) |  Kingdom of Hungary

Habsburg monarchy

|  Ottoman Empire

Kingdom of France

| Ottoman victory

* The city was captured by the Ottomans, led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent after two weeks.

1550–1558  | Habsburg–Ottoman war |  Kingdom of Hungary

Habsburg monarchy

|  Ottoman Empire | Ottoman victory

* Ottomans capture Temesvár, Szolnok, Veszprém, and Nógrád
* Ottoman attack on Eger repelled by Hungarian defenders

1552  | Siege of Eger
The Women of Eger (painting by Bertalan Székely, 1867) |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory
1562  | First Székely uprising |  Eastern Hungarian Kingdom |  Székelys | Eastern Hungarian victory
1564–1565  | Hungarian war of succession[57]
John Sigismund pays homage to the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent at Zemun on 29 June 1566. |  Royal Hungary
Habsburg monarchy |  Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
Zápolya family | Habsburg victory; Treaty of Szatmár (13 March 1565):

* John Sigismund Zápolya renounced his title of king of Hungary in favour of Maximilian II of Habsburg[58]
* He was recognised as prince of Transylvania under the Habsburg kings of Hungary[58]
* He agreed to marry Maximilian's sister Joanna.[58]

1565–1568  | Habsburg–Ottoman war |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia |  Ottoman Empire
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom | Ottoman victory

* Ottomans capture Szigetvár
* Death of Suleiman the Magnificent
* Treaty of Adrianople

1566  | Siege of Szigetvár
Miklós IV Zrínyi's charge from the fortress of Szigetvár (painting by Johann Peter Krafft, 1825) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia |  Ottoman Empire
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom | Ottoman victory

* Suleiman the Magnificent dies in his tent before the final assault.
* The whole Hungarian-Croatian army (2300–3000) is killed, Miklós IV Zrínyi is killed in the final battle.
* Miklós IV Zrínyi ordered a fuse be lit to the powder magazine. After cutting down the last of the defenders the Ottoman Army entered the remains of Szigetvár and fell into the trap. 3,000 Turks perished in the explosion.[59][60][61][62]
* 20,000–30,000 Ottomans were killed.
* Ottomans captured Szigetvár fortress and it became part of Budin Eyalet.

1575  | Bekes uprising and the second Székely uprising |  Principality of Transylvania |  Kingdom of Hungary

Székelys

| Transylvanian victory
1575–1577  | Danzig rebellion |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Principality of Transylvania | City of Gdańsk | Victory

* The rebellion of the city of Danzig was a revolt from December 1575 to December 1577 of the city against the outcome of the 1576 Polish–Lithuanian royal election. The Polish throne was contested by Stephen Báthory and the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian II.

1577–1583  | Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Principality of Transylvania |  Tsardom of Russia | Victory
1588  | Battle of Szikszó
|  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory
1593–1606  | Fifteen Years' war
Allegory of the Turkish war – The declaration of war before Constantinople |  Kingdom of Hungary
Habsburg monarchy

Principality of Transylvania

Wallachia

Moldavia

|  Ottoman Empire | Inconclusive

* Peace of Zsitvatorok

1596  | Third Székely uprising |  Principality of Transylvania |  Székelys | Transylvanian victory

* Bloody Carnival

1595  | Battle of Călugăreni
Battle of Călugăreni by Theodor Aman |  Wallachia
Principality of Transylvania |  Ottoman Empire | Wallachian victory
1595  | Battle of Giurgiu / Gyurgyevó
Sinan Pasha crosses the Danube in 1595 |  Principality of Transylvania
Wallachia |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory
1596  | Siege of Eger
Siege of Eger in 1596 (Abraham Ortelius, 16th century) |  Kingdom of Hungary
Habsburg monarchy |  Ottoman Empire | Ottoman victory, Ottomans capture Eger
1604–1606  | Bocskai's War of Independence
Hungarian Prince of Transilvania Stephen Bocskay and his hajdú warriors |  Habsburg monarchy |  Hajduk

Principality of Transylvania

| Hungarian victory

* Treaty of Vienna in 1606.
* All constitutional and religious rights and privileges were granted to the Hungarians in both the Principality of Transylvania and Royal Hungary.
* Stephen Bocskai was recognized as the Prince of Transylvania, and guaranteed the right of Transylvanians to elect their own independent princes in the future.
* Preservation of an independent Transylvania, a potential base for the unification of Hungary.

1610–1611  | Transylvanian Civil War  |  Principality of Transylvania

Ottoman Empire

|  Wallachia

Moldavia

Transylvanian Saxons

Kingdom of Hungary

| Transylvanian (Báthory) victory
1612–1613  | Ottoman–Transylvanian war |  Principality of Transylvania (Báthorys)

Habsburg monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

|  Ottoman Empire

Wallachia

Moldavia

| Ottoman victory

* Gábor Báthory is replaced by Gábor Bethlen

1618–1648  | Thirty Years' War | Habsburg Monarchy

Spanish Empire

Bavaria

Catholic League

|  Principality of Transylvania

Kingdom of Bohemia Swedish Empire France

| Inconclusive
1632  | Peasants revolt, led by Péter Császár (in Transylvania and in the Royal Hungary)  |  Principality of Transylvania

Habsburg monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

| Peasants  | Revolt crushed
1636  | Transylvania Civil War  |  Principality of Transylvania

* House of Rákóczi

|  Ottoman Empire

* House of Bethlen

| Transylvanian (Rákóczi) Victory
1652  | Battle of Vezekény |  Kingdom of Hungary |  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory
1656–1657  | Transylvanian military campaign against Poland |  Swedish Empire
Principality of Transylvania |  Poland–Lithuania | Polish-Tatar Victory
1657–1662  | Ottoman–Transylvanian war |  Principality of Transylvania |  Ottoman Empire | Ottoman victory

* Ottomans capture Nagyvárad

1663–1664  | Austro-Turkish War |  Habsburg monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

|  Ottoman Empire | Ottoman victory

* Peace of Vasvár

1663  | Battle of Vízvár |  Habsburg monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

|  Ottoman Empire | Hungarian victory
1664  | Siege of Léva
Siege of Léva (17th century) |  Habsburg monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

|  Ottoman Empire | Habsburg – Hungarian victory

* The victory was strategically important, it isolated Upper Hungary from any further Turkish incursions. But eventually even after the victory in the Battle of Saint Gotthard, Emperor Leopold I – to the outrage of Hungarian nobility – signed the unfavorable Peace of Vasvár.[63]

1664  | Battle of Saint Gotthard
Battle of Saint Gotthard (17th century) |  Habsburg monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

|  Ottoman Empire | League victory
1678–1685  | Thököly Uprising
Arrest of Imre Thököly in 1685 |  Habsburg monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

| Principality of Upper Hungary | Habsburg victory
1683–1699  | Great Turkish War |  Habsburg monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

Holy Roman Empire

* Margraviate of Brandenburg
* Electorate of Bavaria
* Duchy of Lorraine
* Electorate of Saxony

|  Ottoman Empire | Holy League victory
1686  | Siege of Buda
The recapture of Buda Castle in 1686 (painting by Gyula Benczúr, 1896) |  Habsburg monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

Holy Roman Empire

* Margraviate of Brandenburg
* Electorate of Bavaria
* Duchy of Lorraine
* Electorate of Saxony

|  Ottoman Empire | Holy League victory

* As a consequence of the recapture of Buda from the Turks, as well as the victory in the Battle of Mohács (1687), the Hungarian parliament recognized at Pressburg in 1687 that the inheritance of the Hungarian crown had passed to the Habsburgs.

1697  | Hegyalja uprising |  Habsburg monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

|  Kuruc | Habsburg victory

* Rebellion crushed

## Wars between 1700 and 1900

[edit]

Conflict | Belligerents | Result

|
|

Date  | Name  | Allies  | Enemies  | Outcome
15 June 1703 – 1 May 1711  | Rákóczi's War for Independence

Kuruc prepare to attack traveling coach and riders, c. 1705. |  Kingdom of Hungary

* Kuruc

Principality of Transylvania

Kingdom of France

Sympathetic minority peoples and mercenaries |  Holy Roman Empire:

* Austria
* Prussia
* Margraviate of Baden
* Serbs from the Military Frontier
* Transylvanian Saxons
* Kingdom of Croatia
* Royalists
* Danish Auxiliary Corps

Mercenaries

| Defeat

* Crushing of rebellion

January 1716 – 21 July 1718  | Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)

The Battle of Petrovaradin, 1716. |  Habsburg Monarchy

* Royal Hungarian regiments

|  Ottoman Empire

* Kuruc renegades

| Treaty of Passarowitz
1735 – 1 September 1739  | Russo-Austro-Turkish War |  Russian Empire

Habsburg Monarchy |  Ottoman Empire | Victory

* Treaty of Niš
* Treaty of Belgrade

16 December 1740 – 18 October 1748  | War of the Austrian Succession

Battle of Fontenoy, 1745 |  Habsburg Monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

Great Britain

Hanover

Dutch Republic

Saxony (1743–45)

Savoy-Sardinia (1742–48)

Russia (1741–43, 1748) |  France

Prussia (1740–42, 1744–45)

Spain

Bavaria (1741–45)

Saxony (1741–42)

Savoy-Sardinia (1741–42)

Naples

Genoa (1745–48)

Sweden (1741–43) |

* Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
* Maria Theresa retains the Austrian, Bohemian and Hungarian thrones
* Francis of Lorraine, Maria Theresa's husband, confirmed as Holy Roman Emperor

17 May 1756 – 15 February 1763  | Seven Years' War |  France

Holy Roman Empire:

* Austria
* Kingdom of Hungary
*  Saxony

Russia (until 1762)
Spain (from 1762)
Sweden (1757–62)
Mughal Empire (from 1757)
Abenaki Confederacy

|  Great Britain

Prussia
Portugal (from 1762)
Hanover
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Hesse-Kassel
Schaumburg-Lippe
Iroquois Confederacy

| Status Quo Ante Bellum

* Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)
* Treaty of Hamburg (1762)
* Treaty of Paris (1763)
* Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763)

31 October – 14 December 1784  | Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan |  Habsburg Monarchy

* Kingdom of Hungary

| Transylvanian Romanian rebels  | Victory
20 April 1792 – 18 October 1797  | War of the First Coalition |  Holy Roman Empire

* Habsburg monarchy
* Prussia (until 1795)

Great Britain
Army of Condé
Spain (until 1795)[64]
Dutch Republic (until 1795)
Portugal
Sardinia (until 1796)

|  Kingdom of France (until 1792)

French Republic (from 1792)

Spain (from 1796)

Batavian Republic (from 1795)

Sister republics
Polish Legions (from 1797) | Defeat

* Peace of Basel
* Peace of Campo Formio

December 1798 – 25 March 1802  | War of the Second Coalition |  Holy Roman Empire

* Habsburg Monarchy
* Hungary

Great Britain (until 1801)
United Kingdom (from 1801)
Russia (until 1799)
Portugal
Naples
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Order of Saint John (1798)
Ottoman Empire
French Royalists

|  France
Spain
Polish Legions
Batavian Republic

Helvetic Republic

Cisalpine Republic

Roman Republic (until 1799) | Defeat

* Treaty of Lunéville

April 1805 – 21 July 1806  | War of the Third Coalition |  Holy Roman Empire

*  Austria
* Hungary

Russian Empire
United Kingdom
Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Sicily
Sweden

|  France

* Spain
* Electorate of Bavaria
* Napoleonic Italy
* Batavian Republic
* Württemberg
* Etruria

| Defeat

* Treaty of Pressburg
* Consolidation of the French Empire
* Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine
* Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
* Formation of the Fourth Coalition a few months later

10 April – 14 October 1809  | War of the Fifth Coalition

Napoleon at the Battle of Wagram, 1809 |  Austria

Hungary

Tyrol[a]

United Kingdom

Spain

Sicily

Sardinia

Black Brunswickers |  France

Confederation of the Rhine

*  Bavaria
* Saxony
* Württemberg
* Westphalia

Italy

Polish Legions

Naples

Switzerland

Holland | Defeat

* Treaty of Schönbrunn

24 June – 14 December 1812  | French invasion of Russia |  France

Duchy of Warsaw

Kingdom of Italy

Naples

Confederation of the Rhine

* Baden
* Bavaria
* Berg
* Saxony
* Westphalia

Swiss Confederation

Napoleonic Spain

Austria
Prussia
Denmark–Norway |  Russian Empire | The Habsburg Monarchy joins the Coalition

* Beginning of the War of the Sixth Coalition

3 March 1813 – 30 May 1814  | War of the Sixth Coalition

Battle of Leipzig |  Austria
Prussia

United Kingdom
Sweden
Russia
Spain
Portugal
Sicily
Sardinia

|  France

Napoleonic Italy

Kingdom of Naples

Duchy of Warsaw | Victory

* Treaty of Paris
* Treaty of Fontainebleau
* Bourbon Restoration, exile of Napoleon Bonaparte
* Congress of Vienna

20 March – 8 July 1815  | War of the Seventh Coalition |  Austria
Prussia
United Kingdom
Russia
Hanover

Nassau
Brunswick
Sweden
United Netherlands
Spain
Portugal
Sardinia
Sicily
Tuscany
Switzerland
French Royalists

|  France
Naples | Victory

* Treaty of Paris

July – August 1831  | Cholera Riots | Hungarian peasants  |  Austrian Empire | Defeat
15 March 1848 – 4 October 1849  | Hungarian Revolution of 1848

Artist Mihály Zichy's painting of Sándor Petőfi recites the National Poem to a crowd on 15 March 1848. |  Kingdom of Hungary (1848–49)

Hungarian State (1849)

Allied peoples and legions |  Austrian Empire

Russian Empire

Allied peoples and legions | Defeat

* Revolution suppressed by Austrian, Russian, and allied forces
* Reincorporation of Hungary into the Austrian Empire

19 September 1848 – 21 November 1849  | Slovak Uprising of 1848–49 |  Kingdom of Hungary (1848–49)

Hungarian State (1849) |  Slovak National Council

Austrian Empire | Indecisive settlement
29 April – 11 July 1859  | Second Italian War of Independence

Napoleon III at the Battle of Solferino, 1859 |  Austrian Empire
Habsburg Tuscany |  France

Sardinia

supported by

United Provinces of Central Italy | Defeat

* Sardinia annexed Lombardy from Austria
* Sardinia occupied and later annexed Habsburg-ruled Tuscany and Emilia
* France gains Savoy and Nice from Sardinia

14 June – 26 July 1866  | Austro-Prussian War

Battle of Königgrätz, by Georg Bleibtreu. Oil on canvas, 1869. |  Austrian Empire

and allied German states |  Prussia

and allied German states

Italy | Defeat

* Prussia annexes parts of Bavaria, Hanover, Hesse-Kassel, parts of Hesse-Darmstadt, Holstein, Schleswig, Nassau, and Frankfurt
* Italy annexes Venetia and part of Friuli
* Dissolution of the German Confederation
* Formation of the North German Confederation
* Exclusion of Austria from Germany
* Formation of Austria-Hungary

October 1869 – 11 January 1870  | Krivošije Uprising |  Austria-Hungary | Krivošije rebels  | Stalemate

* Most rebel demands met

29 July – 20 October 1878  | Occupation of Bosnia

|  Austria-Hungary |  Bosnia Vilayet

tacit support

Ottoman Empire | Victory

* Bosnia placed under Austro-Hungarian occupation as a condominium
* Pacification of local resistance

2 November 1899 – 7 September 1901  | Boxer Rebellion

The Siege of the International Legations in Peking, 1900 | Eight-Nation Alliance

United Kingdom

Japan

Russia

France

Germany

United States

Austria-Hungary

Italy |  China

Yihetuan | Victory

* Boxer Protocol signed

1. ^ In rebellion against Bavaria

## Wars in the 20th century

[edit]

Conflict | Belligerents | Result

|
|

Date  | Name  | Allies  | Enemies  | Outcome
28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918  | World War I

Austro-Hungarian mountain corps in Tyrol | Central Powers
Austria-Hungary
German Empire
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
| Allied Powers
France
British Empire
Russian Empire (1914–17)

* * *

Kingdom of Serbia
Kingdom of Montenegro
Belgium
Japan
Italy (from 1915)
Portugal (from 1916)
Romania (from 1916)
Greece (from 1917)
Siam (from 1917)

* * *

Co-belligerents
Hejaz (from 1916)
United States (from 1917)
Brazil (from 1917) | Defeat

* Collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and creation of the First Hungarian Republic
* Beginning of Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)
* Treaty of Trianon
* Loss of two-thirds of pre-war Hungarian territory

December 1918 – June 1919  | Hungarian–Czechoslovak War

Hungarian Red Army in Kassa, 1919. |  First Hungarian Republic

* * *

Hungarian Soviet Republic

Slovak Soviet Republic |  Czechoslovakia | Military Victory

Political Defeat

* Hungarian advance into Czechoslovakia, then withdraw after negotiations
* Creation and dissolution of the Slovak Soviet Republic

13 November 1918 – 3 August 1919  | Hungarian–Romanian War

Romanian cavalry march through Budapest, 1919. |  Hungarian Soviet Republic |  Romania | Defeat

* Collapse of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
* Romanian occupation of Hungary proceeds

6 May 1919  | Bruck an der Leitha raid  |  Hungarian Soviet Republic

German-Austria

| Antibolsevista Comité  | Victory

* ABC raid defeated

2-6 June 1919  | Hungarian invasion of Prekmurje |  Hungarian Soviet Republic |  Republic of Prekmurje | Victory

* Soviet rule restored in Prekmurje

24 June 1919  | Ludovika Uprising  |  Hungarian Soviet Republic | White Hungarians  | Victory

* Rebellion crushed

3 August – 13 October 1921  | Uprising in West Hungary

Hungarian Freecorps in Burgenland, 1921. |  Austria
Hungary
(disarmament of the rebels in 1921) |  Rongyos Gárda
Lajtabánság
Bosnian and Albanian Muslim volunteers  | Victory

* Sopron and its area remained in Hungary

20 - 23 October 1921  | Charles IV's second coup attempt

Charles IV and Queen Zita in Sopron during the March on Budapest. |  Hungary | Habsburg Royalists  | Victory

* Coup fails
* Habsburgs dethroned

14 – 18 March 1939  | Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine

Hungarian-Soviet border at Uzhok pass |  Hungary |  Carpatho-Ukraine | Victory

* Occupation and annexation of Carpatho-Ukraine

23 – 31 March 1939  | Slovak-Hungarian War

A Hungarian gendarme stands in front of an abandoned Slovak tank. |  Hungary |  Slovakia | Victory

* Annexation of a border strip between eastern Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia

1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945

* * *

Hungary entered: 27 June 1941

* * *

Hungary exited: 11 May 1945 | World War II

Hungarian Arrow Cross militia and a German Tiger II tank in Budapest, October 1944 Hungarian Toldi I tank used during the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union | Axis Powers
Germany
Italy (1940–43)
Empire of Japan

* * *

Affiliate states

Romania (1941–44)
Hungary (from 1941)
Bulgaria (1941–44)
Thailand (1942–45)

* * *

Client States

Slovakia
Croatia

Government of National Salvation

Manchukuo
Mengjiang
Albania

* * *

Co-belligerents

Finland (1941–44)

Iraq (1941)

Vichy France (1940–44)

* * *

Active neutrality

Soviet Union (1939–41)

Spain (1941–44)

Argentina (1939–44 | Allied Powers
Soviet Union (from June 1941)
United States (from December 1941)
United Kingdom
China
France (1939–40, 1944–45)

* * *

In exile for part of the war
Poland
Norway
Netherlands
Belgium
Free France (1940–44)
Luxembourg
Greece
Czechoslovakia

* * *

Other important belligerents

Canada
India
Australia
New Zealand
South Africa
Yugoslavia
Ethiopia
Brazil
Mexico
Colombia
Cuba
Philippines
Mongolia

* * *

Co-belligerents

Italy (1943–1945)

Romania (1944–1945)
Finland (1944–1945)
Bulgaria (1944–1945)

| Defeat

* Soviet occupation of Hungary
* Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
* First Vienna Award annulled (Czechoslovakia re-gained some of the territories lost to Hungary in 1938)
* Second Vienna Award annulled (Romania re-gained of Northern Transylvania, lost to Hungary in 1940)
* Hungarian withdrawal and loss of annexed territories to Yugoslavia
* Soviet annexation of Carpathian Ruthenia (fully became part of again Hungary in 1939)
* Sovietization of Hungary; installation of a communist puppet regime

23 October – 10 November 1956  | Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The flag, with a hole where the communist coat of arms had been cut out, became the symbol of the revolution. |  Hungarian revolutionaries  |  Soviet Union
People's Republic of Hungary | Defeat

* Revolution crushed by Soviet troops
* Re-imposition of Soviet-backed puppet regime until 1989
* Soviet military presence in Hungary until 1991

20 – 21 August 1968  | Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia

Soviet tanks with invasion stripes in Czechoslovakia, 1968 | Warsaw Pact
Soviet Union
Bulgaria
Poland
Hungary
supported by
East Germany |  Czechoslovakia | Victory

* Prague Spring crushed
* Moscow Protocol
* Soviet military presence in Czechoslovakia until 1991

## Wars in the 21st century

[edit]

Conflict | Belligerents | Result

|
|

Date  | Name  | Allies  | Enemies  | Outcome  | Losses
March 2003 – 2009  | Iraq War |

MNF–I

* United States
* United Kingdom
* Australia (2003–2009)
* Poland (2003–2008)
* Albania (2004–2008)
* Armenia (2005–2008)
* Azerbaijan (2004–2008)
* Bosnia and Herzegovina (2005–2008)
* Bulgaria (2004–2008)
* Czech Republic (2004–2008)
* Denmark (2004–2007)
* Dominican Republic (2004–2004)
* El Salvador(2004–2009)
* Estonia (2005–2009)
* Georgia (2004–2008)
* Honduras (2004–2004)
* Hungary (2004–2005)
* Iceland (2004-Unknown)
* Italy (2004–2006)
* Japan (2004–2008)
* Kazakhstan (2004–2008)
* Latvia (2004–2008)
* Lithuania (2004–2007)
* Macedonia (2004–2008)
* Moldova (2004–2008)
* Mongolia (2004–2008)
* Netherlands (2004–2005)
* New Zealand (2004–2004)
* Nicaragua (2004–2004)
* Norway (2004–2006)
* Philippines (2004–2004)
* Portugal (2004–2005)
* Romania(2004–2009)
* Singapore (2004–2008)
* Slovakia (2004–2007)
* South Korea (2004–2008)
* Spain (2004–2004)
* Thailand (2004–2004)
* Tonga (2004–2008)
* Ukraine (2004–2008)

Iraqi National Congress
New Iraqi government

* Iraqi Armed Forces
* Awakening Council

Iraqi Kurdistan

* Peshmerga

|  Ba'athist Iraq
Ansar al-Islam

* * *

Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order

* * *

Sunni insurgents

* Islamic State of Iraq
* Islamic Army of Iraq
* Ansar al-Sunnah

* * *

Shia insurgents

* Mahdi Army
* Special Groups
* Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
* Others

* * *

For fighting between insurgent groups, see Civil war in Iraq (2006–07).

| Victory

* Invasion and occupation of Iraq
* Overthrow of Ba'ath Party government and execution of Saddam Hussein
* Iraqi insurgency, emergence of al-Qaeda in Iraq, and civil war
* Subsequent depletion of al-Qaeda in Iraq, improvements in public security, Iraqi insurgency persists
* Establishment of democratic elections and formation of new Shia led government
* U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement
* Escalation of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal and spillover with the Syrian Civil War
* Resurgence of Islamic State of Iraq, the successor of al-Qaeda in Iraq,

1 soldier killed
12 wounded.

7 October 2001 – 30 August 2021  | War in Afghanistan |

* ISAF
* RS

* Taliban
* Al-Qaeda

| Taliban Victory / US-allied defeat

* United States invasion of Afghanistan (2001)
* Destruction of al-Qaeda and Taliban militant training camps (2001)
* Fall of the Taliban government (2001) and Establishment of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
* Start of Taliban insurgency
* Osama bin Laden killed by DEVGRU operators in Abbottabad, Pakistan in May 2011
* "Afghanization" of Afghan conflict. Withdrawal of most US troops by 2014
* End of Operation Enduring Freedom; start of 2015 phase of war, and Operation Freedom's Sentinel. End of US and ISAF led combat mission; beginning of NATO-led training and assistance mission.
* Doha Agreement and progressive withdrawal of remaining US troops after 2020[65]
* Renewed Taliban offensive in 2021
* Taliban forces capture Kabul on 15 August 2021 and overthrow the U.S.-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
* Re-establishment of the Taliban-run Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
* Panjshir Province held out against the Taliban for 3 weeks after Kabul was conquered but ended up also being conquered by the Taliban

7 soldiers killed
14 wounded.

## See also

[edit]

* Military history of Hungary

## Sources

[edit]

* Babinger, Franz (1978). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09900-6.
* Bánlaky, József (1928). A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Barta, Gábor; Granasztói, György (1981). "A három részre szakadt ország és a török kiűzése (1526–1605)". In Benda, Kálmán; Péter, Katalin (eds.). Magyarország történeti kronológiája, II: 1526–1848 [Historical Chronology of Hungary, Volume I: 1526–1848] (in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 361–430\. ISBN 963-05-2662-X.
* Bowlus, Charles R. (2016). The Battle of Lechfeld and its Aftermath, August 955: The End of the Age of Migrations in the Latin West. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315241142. ISBN 978-1-351-89417-3. OCLC 965444179. Partial previews are at the 2016 edition at Google Books and the 2006 edition at Google Books.
* Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
* Fine, John V. A. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
* (Appendix) Kokkonen, Andrej; Sundell, Anders (September 2017). Online supplementary appendix for "The King is Dead: Political Succession and War in Europe, 1000–1799" (PDF). Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg. p. 40. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
* Jefferson, John (2012). The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438–1444. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-21904-5.
* Kings and Saints - The Age of the Árpáds (PDF). Budapest, Székesfehérvár: Institute of Hungarian Research. 2022. ISBN 978-615-6117-65-6.
* Kristó, Gyula; Makk, Ferenc (1996). Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (in Hungarian). I.P.C. Könyvek. ISBN 978-963-7930-97-3.
* Madgearu, Alexandru (2017). The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1185–1280. BRILL. ISBN 978-9-004-32501-2.
* Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (1987). Magyarország története - Előzmények és magyar történet 1242-ig I-II. Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 9789630515184.
* Mureşanu, Camil (2001). John Hunyadi: Defender of Christendom. The Center for Romanian Studies. ISBN 973-9432-18-2.
* Nagy, Kálmán (2007). A honfoglalás korának hadtörténete [Military History of the Age of the Hungarian Conquest] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Heraldika Kiadó.
* Pop, Ioan-Aurel (2005). "Romanians in the 14th–16th Centuries: From the "Christian Republic" to the "Restoration of Dacia"". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Bolovan, Ioan (eds.). History of Romania: Compendium. Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies). pp. 209–314\. ISBN 978-973-7784-12-4.
* Teke, Zsuzsa (1980). Hunyadi János és kora [John Hunyadi and his Times] (in Hungarian). Gondolat. ISBN 963-280-951-3.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f Szabados, György (August 2005). "Vereség háttér nélkül? Augsburg, 955" [Defeat without background? Augsburg, 955]. Hitel – irodalmi, művészeti és társadalmi folyóirat [literary, artistic and social journal] (in Hungarian) (8).
2. ^ Nagy 2007, p. 168.
3. ^ Király, Péter. Gondolatok a kalandozásokról M. G. Kellner "Ungarneinfälle..." könyve kapcsán.
4. ^ Baják László (2000). p. 15
5. ^ Kristó Gyula: Levedi törzsszövetségétől Szent István államáig; Magvető Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 1980 p. 248 From Miracula Sancti Georgii. Hungarian translation: "A nyugati népek, azaz a bolgárok, magyarok, szküthák, médek és türkök leghevesebb felkelése történt" English translation from the Hungarian: It was the most violent upraising of the Western nations: the Bulgarians, Hungarians, Scythians, Medians and Turks
6. ^ Bóna István (2000). p. 54
7. ^ Baják László (2000). p. 30–32
8. ^ Bowlus 2016, p. 181.
9. ^ Bowlus 2016, p. 5.
10. ^ a b Bánlaky, József. "A 984. évi mölki összecsapás" [The Clash at Melk in 984]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
11. ^ Rónai Horváth, Jenő (1895). Magyar hadi krónika - Első rész. - A honfoglalástól a mohácsi vészig (PDF) (in Hungarian). Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences / A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia hadtudományi bizottsága.
12. ^ Kosztolnyik, Z. J. (1981). Five Eleventh Century Hungarian Kings: Their Policies and their Relations with Rome. Boulder. p. 82\. ISBN 0-914710-73-7.
13. ^ Érszegi, Géza; Solymosi, László (1981). "Az Árpádok királysága, 1000–1301" [The Monarchy of the Árpáds, 1000–1301]. In Solymosi, László (ed.). Magyarország történeti kronológiája, I: a kezdetektől 1526-ig [Historical Chronology of Hungary, Volume I: From the Beginning to 1526] (in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 89\. ISBN 963-05-2661-1.
14. ^ Bánlaky, József. "A belgrádi hadjárat 1071-ben és a nisi hadművelet 1072-ben" [The Campaign of Belgrade in 1071 and the Campaign of Nis in 1072]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
15. ^ Bánlaky, József. "IV. Henrik hadjárata László ellen 1079-ben" [Campaign of Henry IV Against Ladislaus in 1079]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
16. ^ a b c d Bánlaky, József. "László második hadjárata a kúnok ellen 1091-ben" [The Second Campaign of Ladislaus Against the Cumans in 1091]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
17. ^ Bánlaky, József. "Az 1092. évi orosz hadjárat" [The Russian Campaign of 1092]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
18. ^ a b Bánlaky, József. "Az 1094. évi lengyel hadjárat" [The Polish Campaign of 1094]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
19. ^ Bánlaky, József. "Az 1095. évi horvátországi és apuliai hadjárat" [The Croatian and Apulian Campaign of 1095]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
20. ^ a b c d e f Bánlaky, József. "A keresztes hadak átvonulása Magyarországon 1096-ban" [The Crusaders March Through Hungary in 1096]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
21. ^ Bánlaky, József. "A dalmát kérdés. Bjelograd (Ó-Zára) meghódítása 1096-ban" [The Dalmatian Question. Conquest of Biograd (Old Zadar) in 1096]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
22. ^ a b c Bánlaky, József. "Az 1099. évi orosz hadjárat" [The Russian Campaign of 1099]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
23. ^ Bánlaky, József. "Az 1107. évi apuliai hadjárat" [The Apulian Campaign of 1107]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
24. ^ Bierter Band (1821). War and Technology. Heuber. pp. 299–302.
25. ^ Srejović, Dragoslav. Mirković, Miroslava. et al.(1981). Istorija srpskog naroda - Prva knjiga: Od najstarijih vremena do Maričke bitke (1371). Istorija srpskog naroda u šest knjiga. Srpska književna zadruga Beograd. p.252
26. ^ On the attack of the Hungarian king Bela III on Serbia in light of the letter of Emperor Isaac II to Pope Celestine III by Ivana Komatina
27. ^ a b Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). T he Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. pp. 8–9. ISBN 0-472-08260-4, p.53
28. ^ a b Obrusánszky, Borbála. A tatárok kivonulásának okai (PDF).
29. ^ Oxford University (2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology: Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 33\. ISBN 9780195334036.
30. ^ Madgearu 2017, p. 248.
31. ^ Fine 1994, p. 174.
32. ^ Ion Grumeza: The Roots of Balkanization: Eastern Europe C.E. 500–1500, University Press of America, 2010 [1]
33. ^ Robert Maddock (2016). The 1,300 Years' War: Volume One. Xlibris Corporation. p. 449\. ISBN 9781524533762.
34. ^ Liviu Pilat; Ovidiu Cristea (2017). The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom During the 15th Century. Brill Publishers. p. 67\. ISBN 9789004353800.
35. ^ Bánlaky, József. "Az 1437. évi szendrői hadjárat" [The Campaign of Smederevo in 1437]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
36. ^ Jefferson 2012, p. 69–118: The Reign of Murad II and Renewed Ottoman Expansion.
37. ^ Babinger 1978, p. 20.
38. ^ Weiss, David (2020). The Ottoman campaign in Wallachia and the Battle on the River Ialomiţa (1442).
39. ^ a b Bánlaky, József. "A szebeni csata 1442. március 25-én" [The Battle of Szeben on 25 March 1442]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
40. ^ Bánlaky, József. "A vaskapui diadal 1442 július havában" [The Triumph of the Iron Gate in July 1442]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
41. ^ a b Jefferson 2012, p. 286–292.
42. ^ Bury, J.B. The Cambridge Medieval History volumes 1-5. Plantagenet Publishing.
43. ^ Treadgold, W.T. (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. History e-book project. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-2630-6.
44. ^ Bánlaky, József (1928). A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme (The Military History of the Hungarian Nation) (in Hungarian).
45. ^ Mesut Uyar Ph.D., Edward J. Erickson (2009). A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Ataturk (PDF).
46. ^ Chalkokondyles, Laonikos (1464). The Histories of Laonikos Chalkokondyldes, Volume I (Translated by Anthony Kaldellis, 2014).
47. ^ Mureşanu 2001, p. 183.
48. ^ Teke 1980, p. 198.
49. ^ Mureşanu 2001, pp. 184–185.
50. ^ Engel 2001, p. 294.
51. ^ Teke 1980, pp. 198, 231.
52. ^ Babinger 1978, p. 110.
53. ^ Engel 2001, p. 302.
54. ^ Pop 2005, p. 266.
55. ^ Britannica Dózsa Rebellion
56. ^ Bánlaky, József. "Az 1522–1524. évi hadiesemények. Bel- és külföldi rendelkezések a török veszély elhárítására. Az 1524. évi rákosi országgyűlés főbb határozatai." [Annual military events of 1522–1524. Domestic and foreign provisions to prevent the Turkish threat. The main decisions of the Diet of Rákos in 1524.]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
57. ^ (Appendix) Kokkonen & Sundell 2017, p. 24.
58. ^ a b c Barta & Granasztói 1981, p. 395.
59. ^ Lieber (1845), p. 345.
60. ^ Dupuy (1970), p. 501.
61. ^ Coppée (1864), pp. 562–565.
62. ^ Nafziger & Walton (2003), p. 105
63. ^ Tóth, Ferenc (2007). Saint-Gotthard 1664 : une bataille européenne. Panazol: Lavauzelle. ISBN 978-2-7025-1064-3. OCLC 173671328.
64. ^ Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.
65. ^ Ali, Idrees (15 January 2021). "U.S. troops in Afghanistan now down to 2,500, lowest since 2001: Pentagon". Reuters. Retrieved 26 November 2021.

* v
* t
* e

Lists of wars involving European countries

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

* v
* t
* e

Hungarian wars and armed conflicts

General and related|

* Military history of Hungary
* List of wars involving Hungary
* Royal Hungarian Honvéd
* Royal Hungarian Army
* Hungarian Defence Forces

Wars until 1301|

| Hungarian invasions of Europe (~800–970)|

* Battle of Pliska (811)
* Byzantine–Bulgarian War (894–896)
* Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (862–895)
* Battle of Brenta (899)
* Battle of Pressburg (907)
* Battle of Eisenach (908)
* Battle of Lechfeld (910)
* Battle of Rednitz (910)
* Battle of Achelous (917)
* Battle of Püchen (919)
* Battle of Merseburg (933)
* Battle of W.l.n.d.r (934)
* Battle of Fraxinet (942)
* Hungarian raid in Spain (942)
* Battle of Lechfeld (955)
* Battle of Arcadiopolis (970)

|

* Vata pagan uprising (1046)
* Battle of Vértes (1051)
* Second pagan uprising (1061)
* Hungarian occupation of Croatia (1091)
* Battle of Gvozd Mountain (1097)
* Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)
* Battle of the Fischa (1146)
* Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155)
* Battle of Sirmium (1167)
* Byzantine–Hungarian War (1180–1185)
* Battle of Iconium (1190)
* Brothers' Quarrel (1197–1203)
* Siege of Zara (1202)
* King Andrew II's participation in the Fifth Crusade (1217–1218)
* Bosnian Crusade (1235–1241)

First Mongol invasion of Hungary (1241–1242)|

* Battle of Mohi (1241)
* Battle of Grobnik Field (1242)

* Battle of the Leitha River (1246)
* Battle of Kressenbrunn (1260)
* Battle of Isaszeg (1265)
* Mačva War (1268)
* Battle on the Marchfeld (1278)
* Battle of Lake Hód (1282)
* Second Mongol invasion of Hungary (1285–1286)
* Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287–1288)

Wars between 1301 and 1526|

* Battle of Rozgony (1312)
* Battle of Posada (1330)
* Battle of Capua (1348)

| Hungarian–Ottoman Wars|

* Hungarian–Ottoman War (1366–1367)
* Hungarian–Ottoman War (1375–1377)
* Hungarian–Ottoman War (1389–1396)
* Battle of Nicopolis (1396)
* Hungarian–Ottoman War (1415–1419)
* War of the South Danube (1420–1432)
* Siege of Golubac (1428)
* Hungarian–Ottoman War (1437–1442)
* Siege of Belgrade (1440)
* Marosszentimre and Iron Gate (1442)
* Long Campaign (1443)
* Battle of Varna (1444)
* Hungarian–Ottoman War (1521–1526)

|

* Bohemian–Hungarian War (1468–1478)
* Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–1488)
* War of the Hungarian Succession (1490–1494)

Wars between 1526 and 1699|

| Hungarian–Ottoman Wars|

* Habsburg–Ottoman wars (1526–1568)
* Long Turkish War (1593–1606)
* Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)
* Great Turkish War (1683–1699)
* Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)
* Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)

|

* Hungarian Civil War (1526–1538)
* Bocskai Uprising (1604–1606)
* Transylvanian Interventions (1619–1645)
* Thököly Uprising (1678–1685)

Wars between 1700 and 1900|

* Rákóczi's War of Independence (1703–1711)
* Hora Uprising (1784)
* Revolution of 1848 (1848)
* Slovak Uprising (1848–49)

Wars in the 20th century|

| Hungary in World War I|

* Battles of the Isonzo

|

* 1918 Revolution
* Hungarian–Romanian War (1918–1920)
* Hungarian–Czechoslovak War (1918–19)
* Uprising in West Hungary (1921)
* Habsburg coup attempts (1921)
* Slovak-Hungarian War (1939)

Hungary in World War II|

* Battle of Debrecen
* Budapest offensive
* Siege of Budapest

* Hungarian Revolution of 1956
* Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968)

Wars in the 21st century|

* Iraq War (2003–2011)

* v
* t
* e

Hungary articles

History|

| Overview|

* Timeline
* Name
* Christianity
* Military
* List of wars
* Seven chieftains
* Árpád dynasty
* Holy Crown
* King
* List of monarchs
* List of royal consorts
* List of princes of Transylvania
* List of princesses consort of Transylvania
* List of regents
* List of palatines
* Nobility
* Flag
* Coat of arms
* History of Transylvania

|

Ancient|

* Hungarian prehistory
* The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest
* Roman Pannonia
* Hunnic Empire

Early Medieval|

* Kingdom of the Gepids (454–567)
* Ostrogothic Kingdom (469–553)
* Avar Khaganate (567–822)
* Hungarian invasions of Europe (~800–970)
* Hungarian conquest (862–895)

Medieval|

* Principality of Hungary (895–1000)
* Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)
* Personal union with Croatia (1102–1918)
* Golden Bull (1222)
* Mongol invasion of Hungary (1241–1242)
* Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)
* Ottoman Wars (1366–1526)

Early Modern|

* Reformation (1520)
* Ottoman Wars (1526–1718)
* Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1526–1570)
* Royal Hungary (1526–1699)
* Ottoman Hungary (1541–1699)
* Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)
* Bocskai uprising 1604–1606)
* Wesselényi conspiracy (1664–1671)
* Principality of Upper Hungary (1682–1685)
* Kingdom of Hungary (1699–1867)

Late Modern|

* Rákóczi's War of Independence (1703–1711)
* Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)
* Hungarian Reform Era (1825–1848)
* Revolution of 1848 (1848–1849)
* Hungarian State (1849)
* Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)
* Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen (1867–1918
* World War I (1914–1918)
* Interwar period (1918–1941)
* Hungarian People's Republic (1918–1919)
* Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)
* Hungarian Republic (1919–1920)
* Treaty of Trianon (1920)
* Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)
* First Vienna Award (1938)
* Governorate of Subcarpathia (1939–1945)
* Second Vienna Award (1940)
* Revisions of Délvidék (1941)
* World War II (1941–1945)

Contemporary|

* Second Hungarian Republic (1946–1949)
* Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989)
* Revolution of 1956 (1956)
* Goulash Communism (1956–1989)
* Third Hungarian Republic (1989–2012)

Geography|

* Administrative divisions
* Atlas
* Counties
* Cities and towns
* Climate
* Extreme points
* Fauna
* Birds
* Mammals
* Geology
* Hydrology
* Islands
* Lakes
* Rivers
* Protected areas
* National parks
* Regions
* Mountains

Politics|

* Cabinet
* Constitution
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Human rights
* Intelligence
* Law
* Law enforcement
* Military
* Chief of General Staff
* Nationality
* Parliament
* Speaker
* Political parties
* President
* list
* Prime Minister
* list
* Visegrád Group

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Banks
* Hungarian National Bank
* Companies
* Energy
* Forint  (currency)
* Industry
* Science and technology
* Stock exchange
* Taxation
* Telecommunications
* Tourism
* Trade unions
* Transport
* Rail
* Unemployment

Society|

* Anti-Hungarian sentiment
* Crime
* Demographics
* Education
* Universities and colleges
* Family policy
* Health
* Healthcare
* Human trafficking
* Hungarians
* List
* List by occupation
* Hungarian diaspora
* Csángós
* Székelys
* International rankings
* Irredentism
* Languages
* LGBTQ
* Prostitution
* Public holidays
* Religion
* Women

Culture|

* Academy
* Hungarian alphabet
* Architecture
* Castles
* Palaces and mansions
* Art
* Chronicles
* Cinema
* Cuisine
* Wine
* Beer
* Dishes
* Sausages
* Dance
* Domesticated animals
* Fashion
* Festivals
* Folklore
* Inventions
* Hungarian language
* Literature
* Media
* Music
* Mythology
* Names
* Old Hungarian script
* Spa culture
* Sport
* Symbols
* Television
* Theatre
* World Heritage Sites

* Outline

* Category
* Portal

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template