List of Wars involving India

This is a list of military operations conducted by the post-independence Dominion of India (1947–1950) and the modern Republic of India (since 1950), including total wars, limited operations, and counter-insurgency missions both domestically and abroad.

## List of War and Conflicts

[edit]

See also: History of India (1947–present), Dominion of India, and Republic of India

Key—

Indian victory
Another result*
Indian defeat
Ongoing conflict

*e.g. settlement, withdrawal of troops, ceasefire or inconclusive

Conflict  | India and Allies  | Opponent(s)  | Result, casualties, and losses of India and Opponent(s)

|
|
|

Indo-Pakistani War
(1947–1948)

Location:
Kashmir

|  Dominion of India

Jammu & Kashmir

|  Dominion of Pakistan | Ceasefire

* One-third of Jammu and Kashmir controlled by Pakistan. Indian control over remainder.

Casualties and losses

*     * 1,103–1,500 Indian Army personnel killed; 3,154–3,500 wounded.
* 1,990 Jammu & Kashmir state forces killed or missing.

Total military casualties: ~6,000–7,000

* * *

* 1,000 Pakistani troops killed.
* 5,000 tribesmen and Kashmiri rebels killed.
* ~14,000 Pakistani troops, tribesmen and Kashmiri rebels wounded.

Total military casualties:
~20,000

Annexation of Junagadh
(1948)

Location:
Junagadh

|  Dominion of India |  State of Junagadh | Indian victory

* State of Junagadh annexed by the Dominion of India and incorporated into existing Saurashtra province.

Annexation of Hyderabad
(1948)

Location:
Hyderabad

|  Dominion of India |  State of Hyderabad | Indian victory

* Hyderabad annexed to the Dominion of India as a new Hyderabad province.

Casualties and losses

*     * <10 Indian Army personnel killed.

* * *

* 807 Hyderabad State forces killed; 1,647 captured.
* 1,373 Razakars killed; 1,911 captured.

Insurgency in Northeast India
(1954-Present)

Location(s):
Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura |  India
Supported by:

* Bhutan
* Bangladesh
* Myanmar

|  Separatist grope(s) from Manipur:

*     * People's Liberation Army of Manipur
* Kangleipak Communist Party
* People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak
* Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup
* Maoist Communist Party of Manipur

Separatist grope(s) from Assam:

*     * United Liberation Front of Asom
* Kamtapur Liberation Organisation

Separatist grope from Nagaland :

*     * National Socialist Council of Nagaland

Separatist Grope from Arunachal Pradesh:

*     * Tani Army

Trans-national separatist group:
Kuki National Army

Former group(s)

*     * United National Liberation Front (1964–2023)
* National Democratic Front of Boroland (1986–2020)
* National Liberation Front of Tripura (1989–2024)
* All Tripura Tiger Force (1990–2024)
* Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front (2004–21)
* Bodo Liberation Tigers Force (1996-03)
* Zomi Revolutionary Army (1997–2005)
* Garo National Liberation Army (2009–18)
* Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (2000–10)
* People's Democratic Council of Karbi Longri (2016–21)
* Adivasi Cobra Force (1996–2012)
* Mizo National Front (1954–86)
* Tripura National Volunteers (1978–88)
* Dima Halam Daogah (2009–13)
* United People's Democratic Solidarity (1999–2014)

State Supporter:
China (claimed by India)
Myanmar(until 2018)
Bhutan (until 2003)

* * *

Non-State Supporter:
CPI (Maoist)

| Ongoing

* Ongoing (low level insurgency)
* The Insurgency in Mizoram ended in 1986 following the Mizoram Peace Accord
* The Insurgency in Tripura ended in 2024 following the 2024 Tripura Peace Accord

Congo Crisis
(1960-65)

Location:
Congo | First Phase(1960–1963):

Republic of the Congo
Supported by:

* United Nations(ONUC)
* India
* Other states

Soviet Union(1960)

* * *

Second Phase(1963–1965):

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Supported by:

* United Nations(ONUC)(Up to 1964)
* India
* Other states

United States
Belgium

| First Phase(1960–1963):

State of Katanga
South Kasai
Supported by:
Belgium

* * *

Free Republic of the Congo
Supported by:
Soviet Union(post-1960–1962)

* * *

Second Phase(1963–1965):

Simba rebels
Kwilu rebels
Supported by:

* Soviet Union
* China
* Cuba

| Victory

* Debellation of the State of Katanga.

Annexation of Goa
(1961)

Location(s):
Portuguese India(Goa, Daman and Diu)
Arabian Sea

|  India |  Portugal | Victory

* Annexation of Goa, Daman and Diu into India.

China-India War
(1962)

Location(s):
Aksai Chin
North-East Frontier Agency
Assam

|  India |  China | Defeat

* Status quo ante bellum

Indo-Pakistani War
(1965)

Location(s):

Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan,
Bengal, Arabian Sea

|  India |  Pakistan |  Inconclusive

* United Nations mandated ceasefire
* India had an upper hand in the war[1]
* No permanent territorial changes (see Tashkent Declaration)

Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
(1967-Present)

Location:
India |  India
Supported by: (until 2011)

* Tritiya Prastuti Committee
* Salwa Judum
* Sunlight Sena
* Kuer Sena
* Ranvir Sena
* Bhumi Sena
* Lorik Sena

* Communist Party of India (Maoist)
* People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (India)

* Jharkhand Janmukti Parishad
* People's Liberation Front of India

Former group(s)

*     * Revolutionary Communist Centre(2006–2019)
* Odisha Maobadi Party(2002–2015)
* Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation (1974–1992)
* Lal Sena
* Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti (1992–2013)
* Communist Party of United States of India (1997–2005)
* Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy
* Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee) (until 2012)
* Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj (until 2002)
* TNLA

Supported by:

*     * ULFA[2]
* NSCN[2]
* PLA-MP
* MCPM
* KCP
* Declared support:
* International Communist League[3]
* CPN (Maoist)
* CPN (2014)[4]
* NPA[5]
* PBSP[6] (until 2021)
* PBCP[7] (until 2021)
* CIC (until 1977)
* CCP (Maoist) (until 1976)[8]

| Ongoing

* Ongoing as a low level insurgency
* India successfully manages to reduce insurgent activity[9]

Nathu La and Cho La Conflict
(1967)

Location:
Sikkim

|  India |  China | Victory

* Chinese withdrawal from the Kingdom of Sikkim

1971 JVP insurrection
(1971)

Location:
Ceylon |  Ceylon
Supported by:

* India
* Pakistan
* Soviet Union

|  JVP
Supported by:

* North Korea
* Albania (arms support)
* China (alleged)
* ASBPI
* CCP (Maoist)(alleged)

Diplomatic support:

South Yemen

| Victory

* Rebel forces surrender
* Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island

Indo-Pakistani War
(1971)
part of the Bangladesh Liberation War

Location(s):
East Pakistan, Bay of Bangal
Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujrat, Arabian Sea

|  India
Bangladesh

Supported by:
Soviet Union

|  Pakistan

Supported by:
United States
United Kingdom
China
Iran
Ceylon
Saudi Arabia

| Victory

* Pakistani surrender in East Pakistan
* Independence of Bangladesh

Siachen conflict
(1984,1987)

Location:
Siachen Glacier |  India |  Pakistan | Victory

* Annexation of the Siachen Glacier into India following Operation Meghdoot
* India captures Quaid Post / Bana Top during Operation Rajiv
* Ceasefire since 2003

Insurgency in Punjab
(1984-1995)

Location:
Punjab

India

Khalistani militants
Supported by:
Pakistan

| Victory

* Militancy defeated

The Second JVP insurrection
(1987-89)

Location:
Sri Lanka |  Sri Lanka
India |  Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna | Victory

* Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces of Sri Lanka lifted
* Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc

Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War
(1987-1990)

Location:
Sri Lanka

|  India
Sri Lanka |  Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam | Withdrawal

* Withdrawal of Indian peace-keeping forces from Sri Lanka
* Continuation of the Sri Lankan Civil War

Maldivian Anti-Coup Mission
(1988)

Location:
Maldives

|  India
Maldives |  PLOTE
Maldivian rebels  | Victory

* Restoration of government rule in Maldives

Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
(1989-Present)

Location:
Jammu and Kashmir |

India

* Pakistan-based Terrorist group(s):
* Lashkar-e-Taiba
* The Resistance Front
* Hizbul Mujahideen
* Jaish-e-Mohammed
* HUM
* HuJI
* Al-Badr
* Al-Umar-Mujahideen
* People's Anti-Fascist Front
* Other separatist movements & insurgent militant groups

* Political opponent(s):
* All Parties Hurriyat Conference
* JIJK

Supported by:
Pakistan
D-Company

* * *

Al-Qaeda

*     * AQIS
* Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind

* * *

Islamic State

*     * IS Khorasan
* IS Hind

| Ongoing

* Ongoing low-level Insurgency
* Enforcement of AFSPA in Jammu and Kashmir

United Nations Operation in Somalia II
(1993–1995)
The part of Somali Civil War

Location:

Somalia

United Nations

*     * India

* * *

* Algeria
* Australia
* Austria
* Belgium
* Botswana
* Canada
* Denmark
* Egypt
* Fiji
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Indonesia
* Ireland
* Italy
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Malaysia
* Morocco
* Nepal
* New Zealand
* Nigeria
* Norway
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Romania
* Saudi Arabia
* South Korea
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Tunisia
* Turkey
* UAE
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Zimbabwe

|  Somali National Alliance
Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya

* * *

Somali National Front | UNOSOM II failure
Kargil War
(1999)

Location(s):
Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir

India

Pakistan

* Non-state allies:
* United Jihad Council
* Lashkar-e-Taiba
* Hizbul Mujahideen
* Jaish-e-Mohammed
* HUM
* HuJI
* Al-Badr
* Al-Umar-Mujahideen
* Afghan mercenaries

Indian victory

* India regains possession of Kargil
* Status quo ante bellum

Operation Ocean Shield
(2009-2016)

Location(s):
Indian Ocean, Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel, Arabian Sea, Red Sea

NATO

*     * Denmark
* United Kingdom
* United States
* France
* Netherlands
* Spain
* Greece
* Romania
* Germany
* Belgium
* Canada
* Italy
* Portugal
* Turkey
* Norway

* * *

Non-NATO:
India

Others

*     * Indonesia
* Japan
* Malaysia
* New Zealand
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Peru
* Philippines
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Seychelles
* Singapore
* South Africa
* South Korea
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Ukraine
* Yemen

| Somali pirates |

Allied victory

China–India skirmishes
(2020-21)

Location:
Ladakh

|  India |  China |

Stalemate

* 2,000 sq km of India-claimed territory was estimated to have been taken over by China since May 2020.

India-Pakistan conflict
(2025)

Location(s):
India, Pakistan

|  India |  Pakistan | Ceasefire

## See also

[edit]

* Afghan–Sikh Wars
* List of wars involving the Mughal Empire
* Battles involving the Maratha Empire
* List of wars involving Delhi Sultanate
* List of Anglo-Indian Wars
* Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions

## Notes

[edit]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Are India's plans to celebrate 1965 war 'victory' in 'bad taste'?". Geeta Pandey. BBC News. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
2. ^ a b "Pakistan and the Naxalite Movement in India". Stratfor. 18 November 2010. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
3. ^ "International Call for Actions: "He who is not afraid of death by a thousand cuts dares to unhorse the emperor"". CIIC. 25 April 2024. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
4. ^ Stewart-Ingersoll, Robert (2012). Regional Powers and Security Orders. Routledge. p. 240.
5. ^ Al Labita (22 April 2010). "Philippine reds export armed struggle". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
6. ^ "Bangla Maoists involved in plan to target PM". The Sunday Guardian. 9 June 2018. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
7. ^ "Purba Banglar Communist Party (PBCP), South Asia Terrorism Portal". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
8. ^ Singh, Prakash (1999). The Naxalite Movement in India. Rupa & Co. p. 24.
9. ^ "Why has Maoist violence subsided in India?". DW-TV. 1 May 2023. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

## Sources

[edit]

* Bangash, Yaqoob Khan (2010), "Three Forgotten Accessions: Gilgit, Hunza and Nagar", The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 38 (1): 117–143, doi:10.1080/03086530903538269, S2CID 159652497
* Barua, Pradeep (2005). The State at War in South Asia. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-1344-9.
* Brown, William (30 November 2014). Gilgit Rebelion: The Major Who Mutinied Over Partition of India. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-2187-3.
* Jamal, Arif (2009). Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir. Melville House. ISBN 978-1-933633-59-6.
* Massey, Reginald (2005). Azaadi!. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-469-1.

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