List of wars involving Indonesia

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Java Man|  1,000,000 BP
Flores Man|  94,000–12,000 BP
Neolithic|
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Buni culture|  400 BCE–500 CE

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|  Kutai Kingdom|  350–1605

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Taruma Kingdom|  400s–500s
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Kediri Kingdom|  1045–1221
Dharmasraya Kingdom|  1183–1347
Pannai Kingdom|  1000s–1300s
Singhasari Empire|  1222–1292
Majapahit Empire|  1293–1527

Islamic sultanates

|  Spread of Islam|  800–1600

|

Peureulak Sultanate|  840–1292
Aru Kingdom|  1225–1613
Ternate Sultanate|  1257–1914
Samudera Pasai Sultanate|  1267–1521
Pagaruyung Kingdom|  1347–1833
Bruneian Empire|  1368–1888
Malacca Sultanate|  1400–1511
Sultanate of Sulu|  1405–1851
Sultanate of Cirebon|  1445–1677
Demak Sultanate|  1475–1554
Aceh Sultanate|  1496–1903
Sultanate of Ternate|  1486–1914
Sultanate of Bacan|  1515–1946
Sultanate of Tidore|  1500s–1967
Sultanate of Jailolo|  1496–1903
Banten Sultanate|  1526–present
Banjar Sultanate|  1526–1863
Kalinyamat Sultanate|  1527–1599
Mataram Sultanate|  1586–1755
Johor Sultanate|  1528s–1877
Kingdom of Kaimana|  1600s–1926
Jambi Sultanate|  1604s–1904
Bima Sultanate|  1621s–1958
Palembang Sultanate|  1659–1823
Siak Sultanate|  1725–1946
Surakarta Sunanate|  1745–present
Yogyakarta Sultanate|  1755–present
Deli Sultanate|  1814–1946
Riau-Lingga Sultanate|  1824–1911

Christian kingdoms

|  Kingdom of Siau|  1510–1956

|

Kingdom of Larantuka|  1515–1962
Sonbai Kecil|  1658–1917
Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow|  1670–1950
Lore Kingdom|  1903–1959

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Lanfang Republic|  1777–1884
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|  Portuguese Insulindia|  1512–1850

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1945–1949

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|  National Awakening|  1908–1942

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Japanese occupation|  1942–1945
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|  Liberal democracy|  1950–1959

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The following is a list of wars involving Indonesia.

Conflict or action  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Outcome

|
|
|

Indonesian National Revolution
(1945–1949)  |  Indonesia

* PDRI[a]
* TNI
* POLRI
* Japanese holdouts
* British Indian volunteers [b][1]

Netherlands[c]

* Dutch East Indies
* KNIL
* NICA
* Pao An Tui[d]

United Kingdom[e]

* British Raj[e]

* * *

Japan[e]

* * *

DI/TII (from 1949)

* * *

FDR

* * *

Small guerrilla groups

* Independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands
* End of Dutch colonial empire rule over most parts of Indonesia, as the Dutch East Indies ceased to exist
* Dutch recognition of the Indonesian independence in the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference
* Formation of the United States of Indonesia
* Creation of the Netherlands-Indonesia Union
* Netherlands cedes control of most territories of the Dutch East Indies to the United States of Indonesia

Darul Islam rebellion
(1949–1962)

* 426 Battalion rebellion (1951–1952)

|  Republic of Indonesia |

* Islamic State of Indonesia
* 426 Battalion (1951–1952)

Legion of the Just Ruler (until 1950)

Government victory

* Dissolution of the Darul Islam
* Former Darul Islam veteran formed the Komando Jihad
* Beginning of a new rebellion in Aceh by the Free Aceh Movement in 1976
* Formation of Jemaah Islamiyah as successor of Komando Jihad
* All territories controlled by rebels were recaptured by the government

Invasion of Ambon
(1950)  |  Indonesia
Supported by:
United States (military and police aid)
Netherlands (political support)  |

Republic of South Maluku

| Indonesian victory

* Moluccas incorporated by Indonesia

PRRI Rebellion (1958–1961)  |

Indonesia

PRRI
Supported by:
Permesta
United States

Indonesian government victory

Operation Trikora
(1961–1962)  |  Indonesia
Soviet Union |

* Netherlands
* Dutch New Guinea

New York Agreement

*     * Military stalemate[2]

* Start of the Papua conflict
* Western New Guinea ceded to the United Nations then to Indonesia

Cross border attacks in Sabah
(1962–present)  |  Malaysia

* Sabah

Philippines (1986‒2016)[3]
Indonesia[4]
Vietnam[5]
Singapore[6]
Thailand[7]

* * *

Bangsamoro militias:

Moro Islamic Liberation Front[8]
Moro National Liberation Front[9][10]

|  Abu Sayyaf (1991–2024)[11]

* * *

Philippines (Since 2016)[12]
Moro Pirates
Sulu Sultanate (Jamalul Kiram III faction) (2013–present)

* * *

Operation Merdeka supporters:

Government of the Philippines (until 1986)

* Jabidah unit

Moro National Liberation Front (Nur Misuari faction) (2001–2015)[13][14][15]

* Bangsamoro Republik (2013)[16]

| Ongoing
Papua conflict
(1962–present)  |  Indonesia |  Free Papua Movement

* TPNPB[17][18][19]
* Autonomous units affiliated with WPA[20]
* Volunteers from Papua New Guinea[21]

ULMWP[22]
KNPB[23]
Republic of West Melanesia (until 1988)

| Ongoing
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
(1963–1966)  |  Indonesia

* * *

Aligned parties:

PKI
NKCP[24][25]
PGRS[26]
NKPA[26]
PRB[27]
TNKU

| Commonwealth of Nations:

United Kingdom
Malaysia[note 1]
Singapore (until 1965)[note 2]
Brunei
Australia
New Zealand

| The Commonwealth victory[28]

* Indonesia accepts formation of Malaysia[29]
* Sukarno replaced by Suharto following G30S coup attempt
* Communist insurgency in Sarawak continues until 1989
* Normalisation of diplomatic relationship[30]

Indonesian invasion of East Timor
(1975–1976)  |

* Indonesia
* ABRI
* PGET

* * *

* UDT[31]
*     * APODETI

*  East Timor
* FRETILIN (FALINTIL)

| Indonesian victory

* Indonesian occupation of East Timor until 1999
* East Timor became an Indonesian province
* East Timor genocide

Indonesian occupation of East Timor
(1976–1999)  |

* Indonesia
* Timor Timur
* Pro-Indonesian East Timorese factions
* UDT[32][f]
* APODETI
* KOTA[g]
* Trabalhista[h]

* Democratic Republic of East Timor (Until 1976)
* East Timorese Resistance Groups
* Fretilin (Falintil)
* CNRM[i]
* UDT[j]

| UN Intervention led by the International Force for East Timor

* 1999 East Timorese crisis
* Indonesia retains a strong influence in East Timor
* East Timor gains independence after an independence referendum votes to become an independent sovereign state

Insurgency in Aceh
(1976–2005)  |  Indonesia |  Free Aceh Movement | Indonesian tactical victory

* Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding
* Special autonomy granted to Aceh
* Disarmament of the GAM
* End of GAM's claim of independence
* Departure of non-local Indonesian troops, leaving only 25,000 soldiers in the province

War on Terror in Indonesia
(1981–present)  |  Indonesia | Islamist groups:

Islamic State of Indonesia remnants

* Komando Jihad (1970s–1980s)
* Mujahedeen KOMPAK (1988–?)
* Islamic State of Indonesia (Fi Sabilillah factions) (1973–2000s)[33]
* Darul Islam Indonesia (since 2022)[34][35][36]

Laskar Jihad (2000–2002)

Jemaah Islamiyah (2000-2024)[37]

* Mujahideen Tanah Runtuh [id] (2001–2007)
* Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (Until 2014)[note 3]
* Indonesian Mujahedeen Council[38][note 4]

Jamaah Ansharusy Syariah[note 5]

Jamaah Ansharut Daulah[39][40][41]

* East Indonesia Mujahideen (2010–2022)
* Abu Uswah network [id] (2012–2013)
* West Indonesia Mujahideen [id] (2012–2013)[42]
* Hizb-ut Tahrir Indonesia[43][44]
* Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (since 2014)[note 6]
* Abu Oemar network[45][46]

Turkistan Islamic Party (2014–2016)[47]

* * *

Separatists:

Free Aceh Movement (1976–2005)

* Din Minimi warband (2014–2015)

Free Papua Organization

| Ongoing

## See also

[edit]

* Foreign relations of Indonesia

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ 1948-1949, after Operation Kraai
2. ^ after 1947
3. ^ from 1946
4. ^ claimed neutrality
5. ^ a b c until 1946
6. ^ until 1986
7. ^ until 1998
8. ^ until 1986
9. ^ later CNRT
10. ^ from 1986

1. ^ Before Federation, the three separate entities Malaya, Sarawak, and North Borneo participated independently
2. ^ Expulsion from Malaysia
3. ^ Clashed with JI leaders on strategy and tactics. Later pledged allegiance to ISIL.
4. ^ Irfan S. Awwas assessed the decision to disband Jemaah Islamiyah as "a belated awareness at the wrong time" and refused to disband.
5. ^ Splinter of Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid. Claims no affiliation to ISIS or JI.
6. ^ Pledged allegiance to ISIL. The organization claims it is not a terror organization, however, reports by the Indonesian National Counter Terrorism Agency stated that JAS contributed to 7 out of 142 terrorists captured in 2023.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Suryanarayan, V. (1981). "Presidential Address: India and the Indonesian Revolution". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 42: 549–562\. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44141175.
2. ^ "Operation Trikora – Indonesia's Takeover of West New Guinea". Pathfinder: Air Power Development Centre Bulletin (150): 1–2\. February 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
3. ^ Ubac, Michael Lim (7 March 2013). "Aquino: I won't allow Sulu sultan to drag PH into war with Malaysia". The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014. "President Aquino said in a statement, 'I appeal to you (Jamalul Kiram III) — we should be really clear on this – this incident is wrong. If this is wrong, why should we (the government) lend support to this? We should support what is right… which will lead us to brighter prospects; the wrong option will only bring us ruin. That's it, that's my simple message.' He also added 'Let's not forget: What they (the Jamalul Kiram III faction) are pushing for is their right as so-called heirs of the sultan of Sulu. It's not yet clear if their rights have been transferred to the Philippines. But we (the Philippines citizens and our nation) will all be affected by their conflict (with Malaysia).'"
4. ^ Febrianto (29 March 2016). "Indonesia Tak Boleh Tunduk Terhadap Terorisme Abus Sayyaf!" [Indonesia Cannot Bow to Terrorism of Abu Sayyaf!] (in Indonesian). Rima News. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
5. ^ "Vietnamese ships to get piracy warnings". Vietnam News Agency. Vietnam Net. 4 May 2016. Archived from the original on 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
6. ^ Lim Yan Liang (6 June 2016). "Eng Hen: Joint Sulu Sea patrols a welcome initiative to tackle terror". The Straits Times. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
7. ^ Ruksith Sitthitool (20 April 2016). "Thailand to be invited by Malaysia as observers for Sulu Sea Patrol". Thai Tribune. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
8. ^ "Iqbal: Sabah better off under Malaysia". The Manila Times. 14 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 June 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
9. ^ "MNLF strongly condemns terrorist acts in eastern Sabah". The Brunei Times. Bernama. 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
10. ^ Dharel Placido (31 August 2016). "Misuari wants meeting with Duterte in Malaysia". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
11. ^ Mendoza, John Eric (2023-09-07). "PH Army officially declares Sulu province Abu Sayyaf-free". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
12. ^ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (2023-07-27). "Bongbong Marcos says Sabah issue discussed in Malaysia, focusing on common grounds". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
13. ^ Teoh El Sen (14 March 2013). "MNLF supports Sulu claim, says Nur Misuari faction". Astro Awani. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
14. ^ "Nur Misuari involved, says Zahid". Bernama. MySinChew English. 16 July 2014. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
15. ^ Karlos Manlupig (17 May 2015). "MNLF denies talks with Malaysia over Sabah". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015. "Misuari, who is hiding after the hostilities in Zamboanga in 2013, maintains his position that only the Sultanate of Sulu can pursue the negotiations for the Sabah claim. Respecting the fervent wish of the late Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Kiram III to let alone the Islamic Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo (SSNB) to negotiate peacefully with the Muslim leaders of Malaysia to settle the controversial issue in order not to repeat the March 2013 Lahad Datu, Sabah incident, Chairman Misuari has dismissed the media reports as unfounded and without any ounce of truth involving the MNLF in any level talks. The MNLF, however, asserted that the Sabah case is a non-issue because it is the "home-base for different tribal groupings of Muslims from different regions of Southeast Asia that have enjoyed peaceful and harmonious co-existence with the Chinese and Christian populace in the area."
16. ^ "Who Is Afraid of Mindanao Independence?". August 14, 2013. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
17. ^ The current status of the Papuan pro-independence movement (PDF) (Report). IPAC Report. Jakarta: Institute for Policy Analysis of Conflict. 24 August 2015. OCLC 974913162. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
18. ^ "38 Year TPN-OPM No Unity and Struggle After the Reformation" (PDF). National Liberation Army of West Papua (TPNPB). 9 June 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
19. ^ Maran, Major Arm Fence D (2008). Anatomy of Separatists (PDF) (Report). Indonesian intelligence. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
20. ^ Nedabang, Alfons (4 January 2023). "KKB Papua – Juru Bicara TPNPB Sebby Sambom: Kami Tidak Akui Benny Wenda dan Damianus Yogi" [KKB Papua – TPNPB Spokesman Sebby Sambom: We Don't Recognize Benny Wenda and Damianus Yogi]. Pos Kupang (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 April 2023.
21. ^ "Bantu KKB Papua, Batalion Relawan PNG Nyatakan Perang Lawan Indonesia". Manado Post. 10 May 2021. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
22. ^ "West Papua liberation movement announces provisional govt". RNZ. 3 December 2020. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
23. ^ "13 years of Indonesian harassment, but KNPB's 'spirit remains unbroken' | Asia Pacific Report". 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
24. ^ Fowler, Will (2006). Britain's Secret War: The Indonesian Confrontation 1962–66. London: Osprey Publishing. pp. 11, 41. ISBN 978-1-84603-048-2.
25. ^ Corbett, Robin (1986). Guerilla Warfare: from 1939 to the present day. London: Orbis Book Publishing Corporation. p. 124\. ISBN 978-0-85613-469-2.
26. ^ a b Hara, Fujiol (December 2005). "The North Kalimantan Communist Party and the People's Republic of China". The Developing Economies. XLIII (1): 489–513\. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00956.x. hdl:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00956.x. S2CID 153955103.
27. ^ Sejarah Indonesia : "The Sukarno Years". Retrieved 30 May 2006.
28. ^ van der Bijl, Nick (2007). Confrontation, The War with Indonesia 1962–1966. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military Press. p. 246\. ISBN 978-1-84415-595-8. "It was an outstanding victory, and it was a victory"
29. ^ Andretta Schellinger (12 February 2016). Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War. McFarland. pp. 152–. ISBN 978-0-7864-9771-3. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
30. ^ Mazlan Nordin. "The End of Confrontation" (PDF). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
31. ^ Indonesia (1977), p. 31.
32. ^ Indonesia (1977), p. 31.
33. ^ Syeirazi, M. Kholid. "Sel-sel NII (3): Jaringan dan Pewaris Ideologi NII". NU Online (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-01-09.
34. ^ "Gerakan Islam Bawah Tanah NII, Berpotensi Ganti Paham Ideologi Bangsa - Ketik News". 14 April 2022.
35. ^ "Ancaman Darul Islam di Indonesia".
36. ^ "Polisi Ungkap Jaringan Teroris NII Aktif Gerak Rekrut Anggota di Indonesia". 11 April 2022.
37. ^ "Southeast Asia armed group Jemaah Islamiyah to disband: Report". Al Jazeera. 2024-07-04. Archived from the original on 2024-07-05. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
38. ^ "Jamaah Islamiyah bubar, eks pemimpinnya janji tinggalkan 'jalan kekerasan' - Apa motif di belakangnya dan benarkah JI memilih 'mengubah citra' agar diterima masyarakat?". BBC News Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2024-07-08. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
39. ^ Rachmawati, Tety; Karisma, Gita (2018). "Konstruksi Identitas ISIS Melalui Digital Media "Youtube" di Indonesia". POLITEA: Jurnal Pemikiran Politik Islam. 1 (2): 125–135\. doi:10.21043/politea.v1i2.4315.
40. ^ Johnson, Kirk A. (2016). The longue duree: Indonesia's response to the threat of jihadist terrorism 1998-2016. Monterey, California, USA: Naval Postgraduate School. pp. 76–77\. hdl:10945/49499.
41. ^ Taufiqurrohman, M. (2015). "The Road to ISIS: How Indonesian Jihadists Travel to Iraq and Syria". Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses. 7 (4): 17–25\. JSTOR 26351346.
42. ^ "Mantan Mujahidin Indonesia Barat Dituntut 12 Tahun Penjara".
43. ^ Padden, Brian (22 January 2016). "Indonesians Struggle to Combat Extremist Ideologies". voa. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
44. ^ Safitri, Eva. "Terungkap Wanita Berpistol Coba Terobos Istana Pendukung HTI-Berpaham Radikal". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-10-26.
45. ^ Chaterine, Rahel Narda; Prabowo, Dani (2023-12-20). "Sepanjang 2023, Densus 88 AT Polri Tangkap 142 Tersangka Terorisme". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-01-09.
46. ^ Ramadhan L. Q. Supriyanto, Joko (ed.). "142 Teroris Ditangkap Densus 88 Sepanjang Tahun 2023, Diantaranya Jaringan Abu Oemar". Tribuntangerang.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-07-28.
47. ^ Clarke, Michael (7 September 2016). "Uighur militants infiltrating Indonesia". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2016.

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