List of wars involving Kazakhstan

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This article is about wars involving Kazakhstan. For a list of military events, see Outline of Kazak military history.

This is a list of wars involving Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakh and the predecessor states of Kazakhstan to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Kazakhstan by the Kazakh military.

Legends of results:

Victory

Defeat

Stalemate

Internal civil war

Ongoing war

## First Kazakh-Uzbek War

[edit]

Kazakh Khanate was established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan in 1465. Both khans came from Turco-Mongol clan of Tore which traces its lineage to Genghis Khan through dynasty of Jochids. The Tore clan continued to rule the khanate until its fall to the Russian Empire.

From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province, which are now in Russia and Iran, respectively. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of Oirat and Dzungar invasions. These resulted in a decline and further disintegration into three Juzes, which gradually lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire in the 19th century.

### Kazakh Khanate (1465–1847)

[edit]

Date  | Conflict  | Combatant I  | Combatant II  | Result for Kazakhstan  | Khan/Leader

|
|
|
|
|

1468–1500  | Kazakh War of Independence |  Kazakh Khanate
Timurid Empire
Khanate of Sibir | Uzbek Khanate
Nogai Horde
Western Moghulistan | Victory

* Kazakhs maintain independence from the Uzbek Khanate

* Kerei Khan
* Janibek Khan
* Burunduk Khan

1509–1510  | Third invasion of the Kazakh Khanate (1509–1510) |  Kazakh Khanate |  Khanate of Bukhara | Victory |

* Kasym Khan

1522–1538  | First Kazakh Khanate Civil War | Kazakhs | Kazakhs | Victory for Haqnazar Khan |

* Haqnazar Khan

1577  | Kazakh-Nogai War[1] |  Kazakh Khanate |  Nogai Horde | Victory |

* Haqnazar Khan
* Kasym Khan
* Haqnazar Khan
* Togym Khan

1598  | Kazakh invasion of Northern Bukhara[2] |  Kazakh Khanate |  Khanate of Bukhara | Victory

* Kazakhs conquered Tashkent, Samarkand[3] and Turkestan[4] but failed to conquer Bukhara

* Tauekel khan[citation needed]

1643–1756  | Kazakh–Dzungar Wars

* Battle of Orbulaq
* Battle of Añyraqai

|  Kazakh Khanate |  Dzungar Khanate
Kalmyk Khanate | Victory

* Dzungar genocide
* Destruction of the Dzungar Khanate

* Salqam Jangir Khan
* Bahadur Khan
* Tauke Khan
* Qaiyp Khan
* Bolat Khan
* Abulmambet Khan
* Ablai Khan

## Russian conquest of Central Asia

[edit]

Date  | Conflict  | Combatant I  | Combatant II  | Result for Kazakhstan  | Khan/Leader

|
|
|
|
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1837-1847  | Kenesary's Rebellion |  Kazakh Khanate
supported by:

* Khanate of Khiva
* Emirate of Bukhara

|  Russian Empire

supported by:

* Kokand Khanate

| Defeat

* Uprising suppressed
* Fall of the Kazakh Khanate

| Kenesary Qasymov
1840-1846  | Kokand campaigns of Kenesary Kasymov |  Emirate of Bukhara

supported by:

* Kazakh Khanate (until 1847)

|  Khanate of Kokand | Victory

* Raids succeed

| Kenesary Kasymov
1843-1851  | Zhankozh Nurmukhamedov's struggle against Khiva and Kokand |  Russian Empire
Kazakh Khanate (until 1847)
Syr Darya Kazakhs |  Khanate of Khiva
Khanate of Kokand | Victory

* Overthrow of the Kokand yoke in the Ak-Mechet areas
* Cessation of the Khiva invasions into the Kazakh steppe
* Beginning of the Russian Conquest of Kokand

| Zhankoja Nurmuhamedov
1850-1868  | Russian conquest of Kokand Khanate |  Russian Empire

* Pro-russian Kazakhs
* Pro-russian Kyrgyz people

|  Khanate of Kokand
Kyrgyz Khanate | Victory

* Russians conquered Tashkent and South Kazakhstan

| Suranshy Batyr

## World war I

[edit]

Date  | Conflict  | Combatant I  | Combatant II  | Result for Kazakhstan  | Khan/Leader

|
|
|
|
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1916  | Central Asian revolt of 1916 |  Russian Empire

supported by:

* Emirate of Bukhara

| Turkic tribes

* Kazakh tribes
* Kyrgyz rebels

supported by:

* Ottoman Empire
* Small number of escaped POW volunteers

| Defeat

* Uprising suppressed

| Amankeldı İmanov
Äbdiğapar Janbosynūly
Älıbi Jangeldin

## Alash–Orda (1917–1920)

[edit]

Kazakhs, tired of almost a century of Russian colonization, started to rise up. In the 1870s–80s, schools in Kazakhstan massively started to open, which developed elite, future Kazakh members of the Alash party. In 1916, after conscription of Muslims into the military for service in the Eastern Front during World War I, Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs rose up against the Russian government, with uprisings until February 1917.

The state was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at Orenburg from 5–13 December 1917 OS (18–26 NS), with a provisional government being established under the oversight of Alikhan Bukeikhanov. However, the nation's purported territory was still under the de facto control of the region's Russian-appointed governor, Vassily Balabanov, until 1919. In 1920, he fled the Russian Red Army for self-imposed exile in China, where he was recognised by the Chinese as Kazakhstan's legitimate ruler.

Following its proclamation in December 1917, Alash leaders established the Alash Orda, a Kazakh government which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, the Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On 17 August 1920, the Soviet government established the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, and finally to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936.

Date  | Battle  | Combatant I  | Combatant II  | Result for Kazakhstan  | Leader

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|
|
|
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1918–1919  | Semirechye Front[5] |  Alash-Orda

* Alash Militia

|  Russian SFSR | Victory

* Fall of the Cherkasy defense
* Retreat of the Red Army from Semirechye
* Massacres in Semirechye

|  Alikhan Bukeikhanov
1919  | Russian Civil War

* Spring offensive of the White Army

|  Alash-Orda

* Alash Militia

White Army

|  Russian SFSR | Victory

* The White Army had made a strategical breakthrough in the center

## Republic of Kazakhstan (1991–present)

[edit]

Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1988 to 1991.

Date  | Conflict  | Combatant I  | Combatant II  | Result for Kazakhstan  | President of Kazakhstan

|
|
|
|
|

1992–1997  | Tajikistani Civil War |  CSTO

* Kazakhstan

|  United Tajik Opposition
Jamiat-e Islami (until 1996)
Afghanistan (until 1996)
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until 1996)
Taliban factions | Military stalemale

* United Nations-sponsored armistice
* Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed
* Rahmon wins the 1999 Tajik presidential election
* The United Tajik Opposition is promised 30 percent of the ministerial positions

| Nursultan Nazarbayev
1996–2001  | Afghan Civil War |  Kazakhstan
Islamic State of Afghanistan |  Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
al-Qaeda
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
East Turkistan Islamic Party
Tanzeem-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
Pakistan | Military stalemale

* Continued clashes until the US-led invasion of Afghanistan
* Taliban control up to 85% of Afghanistan including the capital Kabul
* Civil war continues

| Nursultan Nazarbayev
2002–present  | Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa[citation needed] |  Kazakhstan
NATO | Insurgents:

* Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
(from 2015)

* * *

* al-Qaeda
(from 2002)
* Al-Shabaab
(from 2006)
* al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
(2002–06)
* Hizbul Islam
(2009–14)
* Ras Kamboni Brigades
(2007–10)
* Jabhatul Islamiya
(2007–09)
* Mu'askar Anole
(2007–09)

| Ongoing

* 21 high level Al-Shabaab leaders killed[6]

| Nursultan Nazarbayev
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
2003–2011  | Iraq War |  Kazakhstan
United States
MNF–I
United Kingdom
New Iraqi government
Iraqi Kurdistan |  Iraq (2003) | Victory

* Overthrow of Saddam Hussein

| Nursultan Nazarbayev

## See also

[edit]

* Outline of Kazak military history
* List of massacres in Kazakhstan
* Kazakh–Russian ethnic conflicts

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Isin, A. (2002). Restoration of Kazakh-Russian relations and relations between the Kazakh and Nogai states in the 70s of the 16th century (in Russian). Semipalatinsk: Tengri. pp. 103–104. ISBN 9965492298.
2. ^ Keller, Shoshana (2020). Russia and Central Asia: Coexistence, Conquest, Convergence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781487594343.
3. ^ Baumer, Christoph (2018). History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume Set. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781838608682.
4. ^ Kundakbayeva, Zhanar (2022). The History of Kazakhstan from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Volume I. Almaty: LitRes. ISBN 9785040888788.
5. ^ М. Ивлев. Гибель Семиреченского казачьего войска (1917–20 гг.) //Альманах «Белая гвардия», № 8. Казачество России в Белом движении. М.: «Посев», стр. 225–235 [1]
6. ^ "Somalia Leaders Killed". New America Foundation. Washington, D.C. 19 May 2016.

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Lists of wars involving Asian countries

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
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* Iran
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* Japan
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* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
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* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
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* Oman
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* Philippines
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* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
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* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
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* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
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States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
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* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
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Lists of wars involving European countries

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
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* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
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* Netherlands
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* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

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