List of wars involving Pakistan

Wars involving Pakistan

Part of a series on the

History of Pakistan
Timeline

Ancient

* Palaeolithic
* Soanian culture, c. 500,000 – 250,000 BCE
* Neolithic
* Mehrgarh, c. 7000 – c. 3000 BCE
* Indus Valley Civilisation, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE
* Vedic Civilization, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE
* Achaemenid Empire, c. 550 – c. 330 BCE
* Gedrosia, c. 542 – c. 330 BCE
* Gandhara, c. 518 – c. 330 BCE
* Arachosia, c. 518 – c. 330 BCE
* Hindush, c. 517 – c. 330 BCE
* Sattagydia, c. 516 – c. 330 BCE
* Ror dynasty, c. 489 – c. 450 BCE
* Macedonian Empire, c. 329 – c. 323 BCE
* Arachosia, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE
* Gedrosia, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE
* Paropamisadae, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE
* Porus, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE
* Taxiles, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE
* Mauryan Empire, c. 322 – c. 200 BCE
* Seleucid Empire, c. 312 – c. 63 BCE
* Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, c. 190 – c. 140 BCE
* Indo-Greek Kingdom, c. 170 – c. 50 BCE
* Indo-Scythian Kingdom, c. 110 BCE – c. 95 CE
* Apracharajas, c. 25 BCE – c. 50 CE
* Paratarajas, c. 120 – c. 300 CE

Classical

* Parthian Empire, c. 90 BCE – c. 25 CE
* Indo-Parthian Kingdom, c. 25 – c. 80 CE
* Kushan Empire, c. 60 – 345 CE
* Sasanian Empire, c. 250 – 655 CE
* Indo-Sasanians, c. 240 – 410 CE
* Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom, c. 240 – 410 CE
* Gupta Empire, c. 345 – c. 455 CE
* Rai dynasty, c. 415 – 644 CE
* Hephthalite Empire, c. 450 – 560 CE
* Brahman dynasty, c. 641 – 725 CE

Medieval

* Caliphate, c. 643 – 860 CE
* Rashidun Caliphate, c. 643 – 661 CE
* Umayyad Caliphate, c. 670 – 860 CE
* Pala Empire, c. 770 – 850 CE
* Habbari dynasty, c. 841 – 1024 CE
* Hindu Shahi, c. 870 – 1010 CE
* Samanid Empire, c. 905 – 999 CE
* Ghaznavids, c. 999 – 1186 CE
* Soomra dynasty, c. 1024 – 1351 CE
* Ghurid dynasty, c. 1170 – 1215 CE
* Delhi Sultanate, c. 1206 – c. 1526 CE
* Mamluk dynasty, c. 1206 – c. 1290 CE
* Khalji dynasty, c. 1290 – c. 1320 CE
* Tugluq dynasty, c. 1320 – c. 1413 CE
* Sayyid dynasty, c. 1414 – c. 1451 CE
* Lodhi dynasty, c. 1451 – c. 1526 CE
* Mongol Empire, c. 1221 – c. 1327 CE
* Chagatai Khanate, c. 1225 – c. 1485 CE
* Ilkhanate, c. 1256 – c. 1353 CE
* Raees dynasty, c. 1320 – 1620 CE
* Katoor dynasty, c. 1570 – c. 1947 CE
* Samma dynasty, c. 1351 – c. 1524 CE
* Arghun dynasty, c. 1520 – c. 1554 CE
* Mughal Empire, c. 1526 – c. 1707 CE
* Bombay Presidency, c. 1618 – c. 1947 CE
* Suri dynasty, c. 1540 – c. 1556 CE
* Tarkhan dynasty, c. 1554 – 1591 CE

Early modern

* Durrani Empire, c. 1747 – c. 1826 CE
* Las Bela, c. 1802 – c. 1947 CE
* Misl, c. 1716 – c. 1799 CE
* Maratha Empire, c. 1758 – c. 1760 CE
* Sikh Empire, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE
* British Raj, c. 1858 – c. 1947 CE
* Independence Movement

Modern

* Pakistan, c. 1947 CE – present
* Dominion of Pakistan, c. 1947 – 1956 CE
* Republican Pakistan, c. 1956 CE – present

History of provinces

* Azad Kashmir
* Balochistan
* East Pakistan
* Gilgit-Baltistan
* Islamabad Capital Territory
* Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Punjab
* Sindh

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has been involved in numerous armed conflicts, both domestically and internationally. Historically and presently, the primary focus of its military operations has been on neighboring India, with whom Pakistan has fought four major wars, as well as the Siachen conflict, frequent border skirmishes, and standoffs. The two nations have had a hostile and turbulent relationship since their independence from the United Kingdom and subsequent war over the Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan claim Kashmir in its entirety but have not exercised control over the entire region, which remains divided and contested between the two states by the Line of Control. The Kashmir conflict has seen extensive—albeit unsuccessful—intervention and mediation by the United Nations.

Pakistan has also had a turbulent relationship with neighbouring Afghanistan,[1] characterized by armed border skirmishes and periods of diplomatic tension. The Pakistani government has increased military activity along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border and built a border barrier to crack down on illegal immigration, militancy,[2] and smuggling.[3][4]

Outside of its home region of South Asia, Pakistan has also engaged in international conflicts in the Middle East and Africa as part of larger coalitions, and remains one of the largest contributors of troops to various United Nations peacekeeping missions. The country was designated as a major non-NATO ally by the United States in 2004,[5] and has participated extensively in the American-led War on Terror following the 9/11 attacks.

## List

[edit]

This is a list of wars. For a list of military engagements and battles within wars, See Outline of Pakistan military history for additional information.

Conflict | Pakistan
and allies | Opponents | Results

|
|
|

Indonesian War of Independence
(1945–1949)  |  Indonesia

Supported by:

Australia (after 1946)[6]

United States (from 1949)[7]

India (after 1947)[8]

Pakistan[9][10](support started even before independence)

|  Netherlands

* Dutch East Indies
* APRA
* Pao An Tui[note 1]

United Kingdom (until 1946)

* British Raj (until 1946)

Japan (until 1946)

Supported by:

Australia (until 1946)

* * *

Internal Conflict:

Darul Islam
People's Democratic Front

| Victory

Indonesian independence from the Netherlands.

* Dutch recognition of the Indonesian independence in the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference
* Formation of the United States of Indonesia
* Creation of the Netherlands-Indonesia Union

First Indo-Pakistani War
(1947–1948)[11][12] |  Pakistan
Azad Kashmir
Furqan Force
State of Swat[13]
Indian National Army[14] |  India
Jammu and Kashmir | Ceasefire[15]

* Partitioning of Kashmir between India and Pakistan

Waziristan rebellion (1948–1954)
|  Pakistan |  Faqir of Ipi's forces

* Pashtun tribe forces

Supported by
Afghanistan[16][17][18]
India[17][19]
Soviet Union[20][21]
(alleged)

| Victory

Failure to foment an extensive uprising[22]

* Support for rebellion slowly diminishes[23][24]
* Commander of rebellion surrenders[25][26]
* End of Insurrection[25]

First Balochistan conflict
(1948)[27][28] |  Pakistan |  Kalat insurgents  | Victory[28]

* Defeat of the insurgents

Korean War(1950–1953)[29][30] |

South Korea

* * *

United Nations
United States
United Kingdom
Canada
Turkey
Australia
Philippines
New Zealand
Thailand
Ethiopia
Greece
France
Colombia
Belgium
South Africa
Netherlands
Luxembourg

Supported by:

* Pakistan[31][a]
* Denmark
* Italy
* West Germany
* India
* Israel
* Norway
* Sweden
* Taiwan
* Japan
* Cuba
* El Salvador
* Spain

North Korea

* * *

China
Soviet Union

Supported by:

* Bulgaria
* Czechoslovakia
* East Germany
* Hungary
* Poland
* Romania
* Mongolia

| Stalemate[33]

* Formation of the DMZ

Second Balochistan conflict
(1958–1959)[34] |  Pakistan |  Kalat insurgents  | Victory[35]

* Surrender of Nauroz Khan

Bajaur Campaign[36][37] |  Pakistan
Supported by:
United States (alleged)[38][39] |  Afghanistan
Pashtun Nationalists
Supported by:
Soviet Union (alleged)  | Victory

* Failure of the Afghan invasion
* Deterioration of Afghanistan–Pakistan relations

Third Balochistan conflict
(1963–1969)[40] |  Pakistan |  Parrari
PFAR
BLF
Bugti militia
Supported by:
Afghanistan[41]
Iraq[42]
Syria[42] | Victory

* Abolition of the "One Unit" policy[43]

Second Indo-Pakistani War
(1965)  |  Pakistan
Supported by:
China[44]
Iran[45]
Turkey[45]
Saudi Arabia[45]
Indonesia[46] |  India | Stalemate

* United Nations mandated ceasefire
* India had an upper hand in the war[47]
* No permanent territorial changes (see Tashkent Declaration)

Al-Wadiah War
(1969)[48] |

Saudi Arabia
Pakistan[49][50]

|  South Yemen | Victory

* al-Wadiah reoccupied by Saudi forces[51]

Black September
(1970-1971)  |  Jordan

Foreign involvement:

* Pakistan[52][53]

|  PLO
Syria | Victory

* PLO driven out to Lebanon, Syrian raid repelled

Bangladesh Liberation War
(From March 1971)
& Third Indo-Pakistani War
(From Dec 1971)  |  Pakistan

* * *

Supported by:
USA[54][55]
UK[54]
China[56][54]
Iran[57][58]
Ceylon[59][60][61]
Saudi Arabia[62]
Jordan[63]
Libya[64]

India
Bangladesh
(Provisional Government)

* * *

Supported by:
Soviet Union[65]

| Defeat

* Pakistani surrender in East Pakistan
* Independence of Bangladesh
* Simla Agreement

Fourth Balochistan Conflict
(1973–1978)[66][67] |  Pakistan
Iran

Supported by:
United States[68][69]
Oman[70] |  Baloch separatists
Pashtun Zalmay[71]
Supported by:
Afghanistan[72][73][74][page needed]
India[71]
Iraq[75]
Soviet Union[76]
PFLP[77] | Victory[78]

* Return to status quo ante bellum

Dir rebellion
(1976)  |  Pakistan

* Dir Levies

|  Dir rebels | Victory

* Suppression of rebellion[79][80]

Soviet–Afghan War
(1979–1989)[81] |  Afghan Mujahideen
Pakistan |  Soviet Union
Afghanistan | Victory[82]

* Geneva Accords (1988)

Sri Lankan Civil War
(1983–2009)  |  Sri Lanka
Pakistan[83][84][85]
India (1987–1990)

Further support:

* See other's

|  Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

* * *

Supported by:
India (until 1987)

| Victory

* Decisive victory by the Sri Lankan government
* Rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam organisation is wiped out
* Sri Lankan government reestablishes control over entire island
* Tamil National Alliance drops the demand for a separate state

Siachen conflict
(1984-2003)  |  Pakistan |  India | Defeat

* Annexation of the Siachen Glacier into India following Operation Meghdoot
* India captures Quaid Post / Bana Top during Operation Rajiv
* Ceasefire since 2003

Second Afghan Civil War
(1989–1992)  | Afghan Mujahideen rebels

* * *

Afghan Interim Government[86][87]

* Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until July 1989)[86]
* Jamiat-e Islami
* National Islamic Front of Afghanistan
* Ittehad-e Islami
* Hezb-i Islami Khalis
* Harakat-i Inqilab-i Islami[88]

Khalq (1990)[89]
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (from July 1989)[86]
Junbish-i Milli (from 1992)

Foreign Mujahideen:

* Al Qaeda[87]
* Maktab al-Khidamat

* * *

Various factions also fought among each other

Supported by:
Pakistan[90][91][92]

* Inter-Services Intelligence

* United States
* Saudi Arabia
* United Kingdom
* China
* Germany
* Iran

|  Afghan PDPA Government

* * *

Supported by:
Soviet Union (until 1991)
Commonwealth of Independent States (from 1991)[93]

* Tajikistan
* Turkmenistan
* Uzbekistan
* Russia (until January 1992)

India

| Victory

Interim Afghan Government victory

* Dissolution of the Republic of Afghanistan and the Homeland Party Government
* The Peshawar Accord leads to the creation of the Islamic State of Afghanistan on 28 April 1992
* Continued civil war among Mujahideen forces

Gulf War[94]
(1990–1991)  |  Kuwait
United States
United Kingdom
France
Saudi Arabia
Egypt

* * *

Coalition:

* Pakistan[95][96]
* Afghan mujahideen[96]
* Argentina
* Australia
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Belgium
* Canada
* Czechoslovakia
* Denmark
* Germany
* Greece
* Honduras
* Hungary
* Italy
* Japan
* Luxembourg
* Morocco
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Niger
* Norway
* Oman
* Philippines
* Poland
* Portugal
* Qatar
* Romania
* Senegal
* Sierra Leone
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Spain
* Sweden
* Syria
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates

|  Iraq | Victory[97]

* Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait; Emir Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah restored
* Heavy casualties and destruction of Iraqi and Kuwaiti Infrastructure

Afghan Civil War
(1992–1996)  |  Taliban (from late 1994)

Khalq  (pro Taliban factions, from late 1994)
Al-Qaeda (from early 1996)
Supported by:
Pakistan[98][99]

|  Islamic State of Afghanistan

* Northern Alliance
* Jamiat-e Islami
* Shura-e Nazar
* Hezb-e Islami Khalis (until mid-1992)
* Ittehad-e Islami
* Harakat-i-Inqilab
* Jebh-e Nejat-e Melli
* Mahaz-e Milli
* Harakat-i Islami
* Hezb-i Wahdat (until Dec. 1992)
* Junbish-i Milli (until Jan. 1994; from Aug. 1994)
* Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (from late 1994)

Supported by:
Saudi Arabia
Uzbekistan (until Jan. 1994; from Aug. 1994)
Iran (until Dec. 1992)

| Victory

Taliban victory

* Taliban take control of Kabul and most of Afghanistan;[100] Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan established
* Thousands of civilians killed, millions driven from their homes,[101] Kabul heavily damaged.[102]
* Grave mistreatment of civilians (murder, looting, extortion)[103]
* Civil war continues (1996–2001)

Afghan Civil War
(1996–2001)  |  Islamic Emirate
(Taliban)
Pakistan
Al-Qaeda

* 055 Brigade[104]

|  Islamic State
(Northern Alliance)  | Stalemate

* Taliban controls up to 85% of Afghanistan including Kabul

Kargil War
(1999)  |  Pakistan |  India | Defeat

* India regains possession of Kargil
* Return to status quo ante bellum[105]

War in North-West Pakistan

First Phase:- (16 March 2004–22 February 2017)[106][107]

* * *

Drone war
(2004–2018)

Part of the war on terror and the War in North-West Pakistan

Location: PakistanMQ-1 Predator drones typically used in covert bombing operations in Pakistan. |  Pakistan

United States
(Only Drone-strikes)

* * *

Pakistan[108][109]

United States[110][111][112]

* USAF
* CIA

Supported by:

* United Kingdom

|  Taliban

Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan

* Jamaat-ul-Ahrar[note 2]
* Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi[note 3]
* Lashkar-e-Islam[note 4]
* al-Qaeda
* Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
* Haqqani network
* Jundallah (until 2014)
* Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (until 2015)
* Turkistan Islamic Party (until 2015)[114]

* * *

ISIL-aligned groups

Islamic State

* Khorasan Province
* Jundallah[115]
* Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan[116]
* Jamaat-ul-Ahrar[113]

| Victory[117]

* Most areas under Pakistani control with the Success under Operation Zarb-e-Azab[117][118][119][120]
* Main force of Pakistani Taliban take refuge in Afghanistan[121]

* * *

United States-Allied Victory

* 430 drone strikes confirmed[122]
* 81 high-level insurgent leaders and thousands of low-level insurgents killed[123]
* Large number of insurgents killed while some fled to Afghanistan[124]
* Most recent drone strike launched in January 2018[125]

Fifth Balochistan Conflict
(2004–present)[126] |  Pakistan |  BLA
BLF
LeB
BLUF
BSO (Azad)
BNA (2022–2023)
BRA (2006–2022)
UBA (2013–2022)

* * *

Sectarian groups
Ansar Al-Furqan (since 2013)
Jaish ul-Adl (since 2012)
Harakat Ansar (2012–13)
Hizbul-Furqan (2012–13)[127]
Jundallah (2003–12)[128]
Islamic State (2015-present)[129]
IS-KP (until 2019)[130]
IS-PP (since 2019)[131]
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (since 2007)
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi[132]
Sipah-e-Sahaba[132]

| Ongoing[133][134]

* Extension of the conflict into Iran[135]
* Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad continuous[136]
* Intermittent series of multilateral talks underway[137][138]

War in Iraq
(2013-2017)  |  Iraq
Peshmerga
Sinjar Alliance

* * *

CJTF–OIR

* United States
* Canada
* United Kingdom
* France
* Germany
* Australia
* Belgium
* Netherlands
* Denmark
* Turkey
* Jordan
* Morocco

Iran
Hezbollah

Further support:-

* Pakistan[139]
* see others

|  ISIL
Ansar al-Islam

* * *

SCJL
Naqshbandi Army

* * *

Mujahideen Army | Victory

* Iraqi territorial integrity preserved
* ISIL expelled from all strongholds in Iraq[140]

War in North-West Pakistan

Second Phase:- ( 23 February 2017 – present)[141][142][143]

|  Pakistan
United States[110][111][112] |

Taliban (major in the Durand Line border skirmishes)[144][145]

* Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
* Jamaat-ul-Ahrar[116]
* Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi[116]
* Lashkar-e-Islam[116]
* al-Qaeda
* Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
* Jundallah (until 2014)
* Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (until 2015)
* Turkistan Islamic Party (until 2015)[114]

* * *

ISIL-aligned groups

Islamic State

* Khorasan Province
* Jundallah[115]
* Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan[116]
* Jamaat-ul-Ahrar[113]

| Ongoing

* Heavy insurgent losses and substantial reduction in insurgent activity[146][147][148]

## See also

[edit]

* Outline of Pakistan military history
* Other military conflicts involving Pakistan:
* Kashmir conflict
* 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff
* 2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff
* India–Pakistan border skirmishes (disambiguation)
* Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes
* 2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish
* 2008–12 Pakistan–United States skirmishes

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ claimed neutrality
2. ^ Until 2020, when it re-merged into the TTP.[113]
3. ^ Collaboration with the TTP in 2007.
4. ^ Collaboration with the TTP in 2015.

1. ^ Both the Korean conflict and the 1991 Persian Gulf War involved more troops, but were essentially U.S.-initiated military coalitions that won U.N. Security Council approval. UNOC forces were drawn from such countries as Burma, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Liberia, Malaya, Mali, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Sweden and Tunisia. The United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and Canada provided funding and air transport. The total cost of the four-year operation was $400 million.Pg.244.[32]

## References

[edit]

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## Sources

[edit]

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* Iqbal, Mehrunisa (1972). "The Insurgency in Ceylon and ITS Repercussions". Pakistan Horizon. 25 (2): 51–66. ISSN 0030-980X. JSTOR 41393126 - via JSTOR.
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* Imran, Muhammad; Senaratne, Bhagya, eds. (2017). PAKISTAN - SRI LANKA RELATIONS: A STORY OF FRIENDSHIP. AR Printers, Islamabad(Pakistan): Institute for Strategic Studies, Research and Analysis (ISSRA), National Defence University, Sector E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan. ISBN 978-969-7671-02-1.
* Riedel, Bruce (2014). What We Won America's Secret War in Afghanistan, 1979?89 (ebook). Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 9780815725855.
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* Jamal, Arif (2009). Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir. Melville House. ISBN 978-1-933633-59-6.

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