List of wars involving Poland

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This is a chronological list of wars in which Poland or its predecessor states of took an active part, extending from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the present. This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.

The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

Polish victory
Polish defeat
Another result
Internal conflict
Ongoing conflict

## Piast Poland (960–1138)

[edit]

Main article: History of Poland during the Piast dynasty

During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow West Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands conquered in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

963 | Gero's raid on Poland[1][2] |  Duchy of Poland |  Saxon Eastern March |

* Mieszko I

|  | Defeat
963–

967

| Polish-Veletian War |  Duchy of Poland

Duchy of Bohemia (967)  | Veleti

Wolinians (967)  |

* Mieszko I

* Battle of Mieszko I with Wichman

| Victory
972 | Battle of Cedynia |  Duchy of Poland |  Saxon Eastern March |

* Mieszko I
* Prince Czcibor

|  | Victory
979-980 | Otto II's raid on Poland |  Duchy of Poland |  Holy Roman Empire |

* Mieszko I

|  | Victory
981 | Vladimir the Great's Polish Campaign |  Duchy of Poland |  Kievan Rus' |

* Mieszko I

|  | Defeat
985–986 | Otto III's expedition against the Slavonians and Veleti[3] |  Holy Roman Empire

Duchy of Poland | Slavonians (?)

Veleti

|  |  | Victory
988–

990

| Polish-Bohemian War |  Duchy of Poland

Holy Roman Empire |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Mieszko I

|  | Victory
989 | Polish invasion of Slavonians[3] |  Duchy of Poland | Slavonians of Pogorzelec–Brandebourg  |  |  | Victory
995 | Polabian expedition[4] |  Duchy of Poland

Holy Roman Empire

Duchy of Bohemia | Obotrites

Veleti |

* Bolesław I

|  | Defeat[5]
1003–

1005

| German–Polish War [pl] |  Duchy of Poland |  Holy Roman Empire

Duchy of Bohemia

Veleti |

* Bolesław I

* Battles of the German–Polish War (1003–1018)

| Defeat
1007–1013 | German–Polish War [pl] |  Duchy of Poland |  Holy Roman Empire |

* Bolesław I

* Battles of the German–Polish War (1003–1018)

| Victory
1013 | Bolesław the Brave's expedition to Kievan Rus[6][7] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kievan Rus' |

* Bolesław I

|  | Victory

* Release of Sviatopolk I[6]

1015–1018 | German–Polish War [pl] |  Duchy of Poland

* Moravians

|  Holy Roman Empire

Duchy of Bohemia

Margraviate of Austria

Veleti |

* Bolesław I

* Battles of the German–Polish War (1003–1018)

| Victory
1018 | Intervention in the Kievan succession crisis | Sviatopolk loyalists

Duchy of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary | Yaroslav the Wise loyalists  |

* Bolesław I
* Sviatopolk I

* Battle of the River Bug

| Victory
1022 | Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest |  Duchy of Poland |  Kievan Rus' |

* Bolesław I

|  | Victory
1028–

1031

| German–Polish War |  Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary

|  Holy Roman Empire

Duchy of Bohemia

Kievan Rus'

* Mieszko II

* Siege of Bautzen

| Defeat
1038 | Bretislav I's raid on Poland[8][9] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław the Forgotten

|  | Defeat
1038–1047 | Miecław's Rebellion |  Kingdom of Poland

Kievan Rus' | Miecław's State

Duchy of Eastern Pomerania

Yotvingians |

* Casimir I
* Yaroslav the Wise

* Battle of Casimir I with Miecław

| Victory
1047 | Casimir I's raid on Silesia[10][9] |  Kingdom of Poland

Kievan Rus' |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Casimir I

|  | Victory

* Casimir I forced to pay tribute to the Czech duke as compensation[11]

1050 | Casimir I's raid on Silesia[12][13] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Casimir I

|  | Victory
1060 | Siege of Hradec nad Moravicí [pl][14] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław II

|  | Defeat
1060 | Hungarian succession crisis[15][16][11] |  Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary (Bela's supporters)

|  Kingdom of Hungary (Andrew's supporters)

Holy Roman Empire

Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław II

|  | Victory
1069–1071 | Expedition to Kiev |  Kingdom of Poland

|  Kievan Rus'

Pechenegs

Varangians |

* Bolesław II
* Wszebor
* Iziaslav I
* Sviatopolk II

|  | Victory
1070–1071 | Vratislaus II's invasion of Poland[17][18] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław II

|  | Inconclusive

* Peace enforced by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV[18]

1072 | Bolesław II's attack on Bohemia[19][18] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław II

|  | Victory

* Poland stops paying tribute to Bohemia[18]

1074 | Hungarian succession crisis[20][21] |  Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary under Géza |  Kingdom of Hungary under Solomon |

* Bolesław II
* Géza I

|  | Victory
1076 | Bolesław II's attack on Bohemia[22][23][18] |  Kingdom of Poland

Kievan Rus' |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław II
* Sviatoslav II

|  | Victory

* Devastation of Czech borderlands[18]

1077 | Bolesław II the Bold's Expedition to Kiev |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kievan Rus' |

* Bolesław II

|  | Victory

* Iziaslav I put on the throne

1077 | Hungarian succession crisis[24] |  Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary (Ladislaus' supporters)

|  Kingdom of Hungary (Andrew's supporters)

Holy Roman Empire

* Bolesław II

|  | Victory

* Ladislaus I put on the throne[18]

1090–1091 | Polish expedition to Pomerania[25][11] |  Kingdom of Poland | Pomeranians |

* Władysław I
* Sieciech

|  | Defeat
1092 | Vasilko Rostislavich's raid on Poland[26] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kievan Rus' |  |  | Defeat
1093–

1100

| Civil War in Poland[27][28] |  Władysław I Herman

Sieciech

|  Zbigniew of Poland

Bolesław III Wrymouth

* Sieciech
* Władysław I
* Zbigniew
* Bolesław III

* Battle of Gopło

| Internal conflict

* Bolesław receives the whole of the south, including Silesia and a part of Lesser Poland[28]
* Zbigniew receives central Greater Poland and Kuyavia[28]
* Władysław continues to hold Masovia[28]

1096 | Bretislaus II raid into Silesia[29] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Władysław I Herman

|  | Defeat

* Bretislaus II build Kamienec castle on newly captured territory

1099 | Pomeranian expedition to Santok |  Kingdom of Poland | Western Pomerania |

* Bolesław III
* Władysław I
* Zbigniew

|  | Victory
1101 | Cuman raid on Poland |  Kingdom of Poland | Cumania |

* Bolesław III

|  | Victory
1102–1109 | Bolesław III's conquest of Pomerania[30] |  Kingdom of Poland | Pomeranians |

* Bolesław III
* Skarbimir

* Raid on Bialogród (1102)[31]
* Raid on Kolobrzeg (1103)[31]
* Raid on Brytyń (1105)[31]
* Raid on Kolobrzeg (1107)[31]
* Raid on Bialogród (1107)[31]
* Battle of Ujście (1108)[31]
* Battle of Czarnków (1108)[31]
* Battle of Wieleń (1108–1109)[31]
* Battle of Nakło[30][32]

| Victory
1103–

1108

| Civil War in Poland[33] |  Bolesław III Wrymouth

Kingdom of Hungary

Kievan Rus'

|  Zbigniew of Poland

Duchy of Bohemia

* Bolesław III

|  | Internal conflict

* Zbigniew expelled from Poland[34]

1103 | Bolesław III's war with Bohemia[35][36] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław III

* Attack on Moravia[34][36]
* Attack on Silesia[35][36]

| Inconclusive

* Diplomatic success[37]
* Payment from the Polish side[37]
* Alliance between Bořivoj II and Svatopluk of Oloumouc is broken[37]

1108 | Battle of Racibórz [pl][38] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław III

|  | Victory
1108 | Bolesław III's expedition to Bohemia[39] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław III

* Bořivoj II

|  | Victory
1109 | Henry V's expedition to Poland |  Kingdom of Poland |  Holy Roman Empire

Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław III

* Siege of Głogów
* Battle of Nakło
* Battle of Hundsfeld

| Victory
1110 | Raid of Zbigniew and Bohemia into Silesia[40][unreliable source?] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia

Zbigniew of Poland |

* Bolesław III

|  | Victory
1110 | Bolesław III's expedition to Bohemia[41][42][43] |  Kingdom of Poland

|  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław III
* Soběslaus I

* Battle of Trutina [pl]

| Inconclusive

* Military success[41]
* Failure to put Soběslav I on the throne[41]

1112–1113 | Bolesław III's conquest of Pomerania[44] |  Kingdom of Poland | Pomeranians |

* Bolesław III

|  | Victory

* Capture of Wyszogród and Nakło[45]

1114 | Capture of Kladsko[46] |  Kingdom of Poland

|  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław III
* Soběslaus I

|  | Victory
1114–1119 | Bolesław III's conquest of Pomerania[45][47] |  Kingdom of Poland | Pomeranians |

* Bolesław III

* Expedition to Prussia (1114)[45]
* Expedition against Pomerania (1116)[45]
* Expedition against Pomerania (1119)[45]

| Victory

* Incorporation of Pomerania into Poland[45]

1117 | Skarbimir's rebellion |  Kingdom of Poland |  Rebels under Skarbimir |

* Bolesław III

|  | Victory
1120–1125 | Polish–Ruthenian War[48][unreliable source?] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kievan Rus' |

* Bolesław III

* Kievan–Cuman raid on Poland[49]
* Siege of Volodymyr[50]
* Battle of Wilichów

| Victory
1121 | Battle of Niekładź [pl] |  Kingdom of Poland | Pomeranians |

* Bolesław III

|  | Victory
1124–1125 | Otto of Bamberg's expedition to Pomerania[47] |  Kingdom of Poland

Otto's forces

| Pomeranians |

* Bolesław III

|  | Victory
1127 | Warcisław I's expedition to Masovia[51] |  Kingdom of Poland | Pomeranians |

* Bolesław III

|  | Defeat

* Capture and plunder of Płock[51]

1128 | Otto of Bamberg's expedition to Pomerania[47] |  Kingdom of Poland

Otto's forces

| Pomeranians |

* Bolesław III

|  | Victory
1129 | Intervention in Szczecin Pomerania[52] |  Kingdom of Poland

Denmark | Pomeranians |

* Bolesław III

| Siege of Wolin[52] | Victory

* Bolesław regained control over Western Pomerania[52]

1132 | Bolesław III's expedition to Hungary[53][54] |  Duchy of Poland

Kievan Rus

Hungarian Opposition  |  Kingdom of Hungary

Duchy of Bohemia

Duchy of Austria

Holy Roman Empire |

* Bolesław III
* Vladimir II
* Boris Kalamanos

| Battle of Sajó River [pl] | Defeat
1132-1135 | Soběslaus I raids into Silesia[55] |  Duchy of Poland |  Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław III

* Raid into Silesia (1132)[54]

* Four raids into Kozlé (1133)[54]

* Two raids into Silesia (1134)[54]

| Defeat
1135 | Vladimirko Volodarovich's raid on Poland[49][unreliable source?] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kievan Rus' |  |  | Defeat
1136 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Rus'[56][unreliable source?] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kievan Rus' |  |  | Victory

## Feudal fragmentation (1138–1320)

[edit]

Main article: Feudal fragmentation of Poland

In 1138, after the death of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Poland was divided into districts ruled by local princes. This began a period of feudal fragmentation that lasted for more than 187 years during which Poland was severely weakened due to incessant internal conflicts. The feudal fragmentation ended in 1320 during the reign of Władyslaw I Lokietek.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1142–1143 | Vsevolod II's raid on Poland[57][unreliable source?] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kievan Rus' |  |  | Defeat
1147 | Wendish Crusade | Crusaders including:

Kingdom of Poland

| Wends |  |  | Victory
1154–

1155

| Henry of Sandomir's crusade to Palestine[58]: 59–60 [better source needed][failed verification] |  Polish knights  |  Saracen |

* Henry I

|  | Victory
1157 | Frederick I's expedition to Głogów |  Kingdom of Poland

Cumania

Old Prussians |  Holy Roman Empire

Duchy of Bohemia |

* Bolesław IV

|  | Defeat
1163 | Polish raid on Rus'[59][unreliable source?] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kievan Rus' |  |  | Victory
1182–

1183

| War for Brest |  Kingdom of Poland

Ruthenian rebels  |  Kievan Rus' |

* Casimir II
* Mikołaj Gryfita

|  | Victory
1190 | Expedition for Duke Vladimir[60] |  Kingdom of Poland | Unknown  |  |  | Victory
1192 | Battle of Drohiczyn |  Kingdom of Poland | Yatvingians

Kievan Rus'

Cumanians

Polish rebels  |

* Casimir II

|  | Victory
1199 | Leszek the White's expedition to Halych[61][unreliable source?] |  Duchy of Sandomierz

Duchy of Kraków |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |

* Leszek the White

|  | Victory
1205 | Battle of Zawichost |  Duchy of Sandomierz

Duchy of Masovia

House of Welf |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Hohenstaufen |

* Leszek the White
* Konrad I

|  | Victory
1206 | Leszek the White's expedition to Volodymyr[62][unreliable source?] |  Duchy of Sandomierz

Duchy of Kraków |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |

* Leszek the White

|  | Victory
1207 | Leszek the White's expedition to Volodymyr[63][unreliable source?] |  Duchy of Sandomierz

Duchy of Kraków |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |

* Leszek the White

|  | Victory
1209–1211 | Battle of Lubusz |  Duchy of Silesia

Duchy of Greater Poland

|  Margraviate of Brandenburg |

* Henry the Bearded
* Władysław III

|  | Victory
1213–1214 | Leszek the White's Galician Campaign [ru][64][unreliable source?] |  Duchy of Sandomierz

Duchy of Kraków |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |

* Leszek the White

|  | Victory
1218 | Leszek the White's expedition to Ruthenia[65][unreliable source?] |  Duchy of Sandomierz

Duchy of Kraków |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |

* Leszek the White

|  | Defeat
1219–1221 | Polish–Hungarian–Ruthenian War[65][unreliable source?] |  Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |  |  | Defeat
1224 | War between Leszek the White and Mstislav Mstislavich[65][unreliable source?] |  Duchy of Sandomierz

Duchy of Kraków |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |

* Leszek the White

|  | Victory
1225–1229 | Second War for Lubusz[66][67] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Margraviate of Brandenburg |  |  | Victory
1227 | Battle of Zvenigorod [ru] |  Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |  |  | Defeat
1229 | Daniel expedition to Kalisz[68][unreliable source?] |  Duchy of Sandomierz

Duchy of Kraków |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |  |  | Defeat
1234 | Polish-Teutonic crusade on Old Prussians[69]: 182 [better source needed][failed verification] |  Local dukes

Teutonic Knights | Old Prussians |

* Konrad I
* Henry I
* Władysław Odonic
* Swietopelk II
* Sambor II

* Battle of Reisen

| Victory
1236–1237 | Mikhail's Volyn campaign [ru] | Principality of Volhynia

Cumans

Duchy of Kraków

Duchy of Masovia |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |

* Konrad I

|  | Defeat
1238–1240 | Battle of Lubusz |  Duchy of Silesia |  Margraviate of Brandenburg |

* Henry II

|  | Victory
1241 | First Mongol Invasion of Poland |  Local dukes

Military orders |  Mongol Empire |

* Henry II
* Pakosław of Sandomierz
* Włodzimierz of Cracow
* Klemens of Brzeźnica
* Klement of Ruszcza
* Mieszko II
* Władysław I
* Sulisław of Kraków
* Szczepan of Wierzbna

* Battles during the first Mongol invasion of Poland

| Defeat
1259–

1260

| Second Mongol Invasion of Poland |  Bolesław V the Chaste |  Mongol Empire |

* Bolesław V

* Sack of Sandomierz

| Defeat
1260 | Battle of Kressenbrunn |  Kingdom of Bohemia

Duchy of Silesia |  Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Croatia

Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |

* Bolesław V

|  | Defeat
1264 | Battle of Brańsk |  Duchy of Sandomierz

Duchy of Kraków |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Yotvingians |

* Boleslaw V

|  | Victory
1265–1278 | Polish–Brandenburgian War[70][71] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Margraviate of Brandenburg |  |  | Victory
1269–1272 | Civil war in Pomerelia | Duchy of Świecie

Duchy of Pomerelia

Duchy of Greater Poland | Duchy of Gdańsk

Duchy of Lubiszewo

Duchy of Inowrocław

State of the Teutonic Order

Margraviate of Brandenburg |

* Bolesław the Pious
* Wartislaw II
* Sambor II
* Ziemomysł of Kuyavia

|  | Internal conflict
1273–

1274

| Civil War in Poland[72]: 226–228 [better source needed][failed verification] |  Bolesław V the Chaste | Vladislaus I of Opole |

* Bolesłav V
* Vladislaus I

* Battle of Bogucin

| Internal conflict
1277 | Silesian Civil War[72]: 243–247 [better source needed][failed verification] | Henry V of Legnica

Bolesław II the Horned

| Przemysł II

Henry III of Głogów

* Henry V
* Bolesław II
* Przemysł II
* Henry III

* Battle of Stolec [pl]

| Internal conflict
1278 | Battle of Myślibórz |  Duchy of Greater Poland

Duchy of Pomerelia | Margraviate of Brandenburg |

* Bolesław the Pious

|  | Victory
1279 | Ruthenian raid on Poland[73] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |  |  | Defeat
1280 | Kraków campaign of Leo I of Galicia |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |

* Leszek II

* Battle of Goźlice

| Victory
1287–

1288

| Third Mongol Invasion of Poland |  Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary |  Mongol Empire |

* Leszek II

* Battle of Łagów
* Battle of Dunajec
* Battle of Stary Sącz

| Victory
1288–

1290

| War for Lesser Poland[74]: 696 [75]: 536 [better source needed][failed verification] |  Władysław I the Elbow-high

Casimir II of Łęczyca

Bolesław II of Masovia

Konrad II of Masovia

| Henry III of Głogów

Przemko of Ścinawa

Bolko I of Opole

* Władysław I
* Casimir II
* Bolesław II
* Konrad II
* Henry III
* Bolko I

* Battle of Siewierz [pl]

| Internal conflict
1291-1292 | Wenceslaus II's campaign to Lesser Poland[76] |  Duchy of Sandomierz |  Kingdom of Bohemia |

* Władysław I

|  | Defeat
1300 | Wenceslaus II's expedition to Poland[77] |  Duchy of Sieradz

Duchy of Brześć Kujawski

Duchy of Łęczyca

Duchy of Greater Poland

Duchy of Eastern Pomerania |  Kingdom of Bohemia |

* Władysław I

|  | Defeat
1305–1312 | Polish–Bohemian War[78] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Kingdom of Bohemia |

* Władysław I

|  | Victory
1308 | Siege of Gdańsk [pl] |  Kingdom of Poland

Teutonic Order |  Margraviate of Brandenburg

Swienca family

Diocese of Kamien Pomorski

Diocese of Lebus |  |  | Victory
1308 | Teutonic takeover of Danzig |  Kingdom of Poland |  Teutonic Knights |

* Władysław I

|  | Defeat
1311–1312 | Mayor Albert's Rebellion |  Kingdom of Poland | Burghers of Kraków |

* Władysław I

|  | Victory

## Reunited Kingdom of Poland (1320–1385)

[edit]

Main article: History of Poland during the Piast dynasty

In 1320, after the end of the feudal fragmentation, during the reign of Władyslaw I Łokietek and his son Casimir III the Great, Poland experienced a period of strong economic development, this period also increased migration to Poland especially of Germans and Jews. The period ended after the death of Casimir the Great and the assumption of the Polish throne by Louis I.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1323 | Polish–Hungarian expedition to Ruthenia[79][80] |  Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary |  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |  |  | Victory
1326 | Raid on Brandenburg |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

|  Margraviate of Brandenburg |

* Władysław I

|  | Victory
1326–

1332

| Polish-Teutonic War |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Kingdom of Hungary

Duchy of Płock

|  Teutonic Knights

Kingdom of Bohemia

Duchy of Masovia

* Władysław I
* Casimir III
* Wincenty of Szamotuły [pl]
* Wenceslaus of Płock

* Battle of Kowal [pl]
* Siege of Płock [pl]
* Battle of Płowce
* Defense of Łuk Warty [pl]
* Siege of Kalisz [pl]
* Battle of Konin [pl]
* Battle of Pyzdry
* Siege of Brześć Kujawski [pl]

| Indecisive
1340–

1392

| Galicia-Volhynia Wars |  Kingdom of Poland

Duchy of Masovia

Kingdom of Hungary

|  Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Crimean Khanate

* Casimir III
* Siemowit III

* Battle of the Vistula
* Battle of Lublin [pl]
* Battle of Żukowo [pl]
* Lithuanian raid on Mazovia
* Lithuanian raid on Poland

| Victory
1345–

1348

| Polish-Czech War |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Kingdom of Hungary

|  Kingdom of Bohemia |

* Casimir III

* Siege of Żory [pl]
* Siege of Kraków [pl]
* Battle of Lelów [pl]
* Battle of Pogoń [pl]

| Indecisive

* Treaty of Namslau

1352–1358 | Maciek Borkowicz's Confederation [pl] |  Kingdom of Poland | Maciek Borkowicz's Confederation

Families from Greater Poland and Brandenburg |  |  | Victory
1375–

1377

| Hungarian-Ottoman War |  Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary

|  Ottoman Empire |

* Louis I

|  | Victory
1381–

1385

| Greater Poland Civil War |  Grzymała |  Nałęcz |  |  | Internal conflict

## Jagiellon Poland (1385–1569)

[edit]

For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the Teutonic Order conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke Jogaila as King of Poland (as Władysław II) which led to a major confrontation at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the Polish Crown.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1387 | Polish conquest of Moldavia |  Kingdom of Poland |  Principality of Moldavia |

* Jadwiga
* Władysław II

|  | Victory
1389–

1392

| Lithuanian Civil War |  Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Kingdom of Poland |  Samogitia

Teutonic Knights

Rus' principalities |

* Władysław II

|  | Indecisive
1389–1396 | Hungarian–Ottoman War |  Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Poland

Others  |  Ottoman Empire

Moravian Serbia |  |

* Battle of Nicopolis

| Defeat
1399 | Battle of the Vorskla River |  Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Kingdom of Poland

Others  |  Golden Horde |

* Spytko II

|  | Defeat
1409–

1411

| Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Moldavia

Tatars from Golden Horde

Bohemians

Moravians

Silesians

Wallachians |  Teutonic Knights

Czech mercenaries

Silesian mercenaries  |

* Władysław II
* Janusz I
* Siemowit IV
* Siemowit V
* Bogislav VIII

* Battle of Grunwald
* Siege of Marienburg
* Battle of Koronowo

| Victory
1414 | Hunger War |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania |  Teutonic Knights |

* Władysław II

|  | Victory
1415–

1419

| Hungarian–Ottoman War |  Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Poland

|  Ottoman Empire |  |  | Indecisive
1419 | Retreat Expedition [pl] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Teutonic Knights |

* Władysław II

|  | Initial Polish victory

Expedition cancelled afterwards

1422 | Golub War |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Principality of Moldavia |  Teutonic Knights |

* Władysław II

|  | Victory
1425–1427 | Uckermark War |  Pomerania-Stettin

Pomerania-Wolgast

Pomerania-Stolp

Pomerania-Stargard

Mecklenburg-Stargard

Kingdom of Poland

Werle (1425–1426)  |  Margraviate of Brandenburg |

* Jan of Czarnków

|  | Victory
1431 | Alexander the Good's expedition to Poland[81] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Principality of Moldavia |  |  | Victory
1431–

1435

| Polish-Teutonic War |  Hussites

Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Žygimantas Kęstutaitis)  |  Teutonic Knights

Grand Duchy of Lithuania(Švitrigaila)  |

* Jan Mężyk [pl]
* Feodor Ostrogski

* Battle of Dąbki [pl]

| Victory
1432–

1438

| Lithuanian Civil War |  Grand Duchy of Lithuania (pro-Roman Catholic)

Kingdom of Poland

Hussites

|  Grand Duchy of Lithuania (pro-Eastern Orthodox)

Teutonic Knights

Livonian Order

Golden Horde

Principality of Moldavia

* Jakub Kobylański

* Battle of Kopystryń [pl]
* Battle of Wiłkomierz

| Victory
1438 | Invasion of Silesia[82] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Hussites |  |  | Defeat
1439 | Spytko III's Rebellion[82] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Hussites |

* Zbigniew Oleśnicki

|  | Victory
1443–1444 | Crusade of Varna |  Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary

Others  |  Ottoman Empire |

* Władysław III

* Battles of the Crusade of Varna

| Defeat
1450 | Fight for throne of Moldova[83] |  Kingdom of Poland

Moldavian opposition

|  Principality of Moldavia |

* Alexăndrel of Moldavia
* Piotr Odrowąż [pl]

| Battle of Krasnem [pl] | Defeat
1454–

1466

| Thirteen Years' War | Prussian Confederation

Kingdom of Poland |  Teutonic Knights

Livonian Brothers of the Sword

Kingdom of Denmark |

* Piotr Dunin
* Jan Bażyński
* Casimir IV

* Siege of Malbork
* Battle of Chojnice
* Battle of Ryn
* Battle of Eylau
* Battle of Bornholm
* Siege of Marienburg
* Battle of Pruszcz Gdański
* Battle of Świecino
* Battle of Vistula Lagoon

| Victory
1467–

1479

| War of the Priests |  Kingdom of Poland |  Nicolaus von Tüngen

Teutonic Knights |

* Piotr Dunin
* Casimir IV

|  | Victory
1475 | Battle of Vaslui |  Moldavia

Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary

|  Ottoman Empire |  |  | Victory
1476–1482 | War of the Głogów Succession [pl] |  Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Bohemia |  |  | Defeat
1485–

1503

| Polish-Ottoman War |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania |  Ottoman Empire

Principality of Moldavia

Crimean Khanate |

* Casimir IV
* John I
* Stanisław Chodecki

* Battle of Cătlăbuga
* Battle of Kopystrzyń
* Battle of Zasław
* Battle of the Cosmin Forest

| Defeat
1500–

1503

| Second Muscovite-Lithuanian War |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania |  Grand Duchy of Moscow |

* Stanisław Kiszka
* Alexander Jagiellon

* Battle of Vedrosha
* Battle of the Siritsa River
* Battle of Mstislavl
* Siege of Smolensk

| Defeat
1502–

1510

| Polish-Moldavian War |  Kingdom of Poland |  Principality of Moldavia

Ottoman Empire

* Mikołaj Kamieniecki
* Alexander Jagiellon

* Battle of Cernăuți
* Battle of Khotyn [pl]

| Victory
1507–1508 | Lithuanian-Muscovite War |  Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Kingdom of Poland |  Grand Duchy of Moscow |

* Sigismund I the Old

* Battle of Orsha [pl]
* Glinski rebellion

| Indecisive
1512–

1522

| Muscovite-Lithuanian War |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania |  Grand Duchy of Moscow |

* Sigismund I
* Jerzy Radziwiłł

* Battle of Orsha
* Siege of Smolensk
* Siege of Opochka
* Siege of Polotsk

| Defeat
1519–

1521

| Polish-Teutonic War |  Kingdom of Poland |  Teutonic Knights |

* Sigismund I
* Mikołaj Firlej
* Nicolaus Copernicus

|  | Victory
1521–1526 | Hungarian–Ottoman War |  Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Poland

Others  |  Ottoman Empire |  |

* Siege of Belgrade
* Siege of Šabac
* Battle of Mohács

| Defeat
1524 | Turko–Tatar raid on Poland[84] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate |  |  | Victory
1530–

1538

| Polish-Moldavian War |  Kingdom of Poland |  Principality of Moldavia |

* Jan Tarnowski
* Mikołaj Sieniawski

* Battle of Gwoździec
* Battle of Obertyn
* Battle of Seret [pl]

| Victory
1534–

1537

| Lithuanian–Muscovite War |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania |  Grand Duchy of Moscow |

* Sigismund I

* Siege of Starodub

| Indecisive
1537 | Chicken War |  Kingdom of Poland |  Nobility |

* Sigismund I

|  | Internal conflict
1550 | Moldavian expedition of Bar[85] |  Kingdom of Poland |  Principality of Moldavia |

* Bernard Pretwicz

| Attack on Bar[85] | Victory
1551 | Sieniawski's intervention in Moldavia[86][87] |  Kingdom of Poland

Moldavian opposition

|  Principality of Moldavia |

* Jan Mielecki
* Mikołaj Sieniawski

|  | Defeat
1552 | Sieniawski's intervention in Moldavia[86][88] |  Kingdom of Poland

Moldavian opposition

|  Principality of Moldavia |

* Mikołaj Sieniawski
* Maciej Włodek

|  | Victory
1561 | Battle of Verbia | Rebel forces

Kingdom of Poland

Others  |  Principality of Moldavia

Ottoman Empire

Principality of Wallachia |

* Peter Soldicki

|  | Victory
1561–

1570

| Russo-Lithuanian War |  Livonian Confederation

Kingdom of Poland

Denmark–Norway

Swedish Empire |  Tsardom of Russia

Kingdom of Livonia |

* Sigismund II
* Stephen Bathory

* Battle of Nevel
* Battle of Ula
* Battles of Wenden
* Siege of Polotsk
* Second Battle of Ula [pl]

| Defeat
1563–

1568

| Polish–Swedish War |  Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Denmark–Norway

Free City of Lübeck |

Kingdom of Sweden |

* Sigismund II

|  | Defeat

## Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)

[edit]

Main article: List of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Further information: History of Poland in the early modern period (1569–1795)

The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.

During the 18th century, European powers (most frequently consisting of Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Saxony) fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1575–1577 | Danzig rebellion |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | City of Gdańsk |

* Stephen Báthory
* Jan Zborowski

|  | Victory
1577–

1583

| Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Principality of Transylvania

|  Tsardom of Russia |

* Stephen Bathory
* Jan Zamoyski
* Andrzej Sapieha
* Mikołaj Mielecki
* Mikołaj Radziwiłł
* Krzysztof Radziwiłł

* Events during the Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory

| Victory
1587–

1588

| War of the Polish Succession |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Archduchy of Austria |

* Jan Zamoyski
* Sigismund III

* Siege of Kraków
* Battle of Byczyna

| Victory
1591 | Kosiński Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Zaporozhian Cossacks |  |

* Battle of Piatka

| Victory
1593–1606 | Long Turkish War | Habsburg monarchy

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Kingdom of Hungary

Others  |  Ottoman Empire |  |

* Battle of Keresztes
* Battle of Mirăslău

| Indecisive
1594-1596 | Nalyvaiko Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Zaporozhian Cossacks |  |

* Battle of Lubny

| Victory
1595 | Expedition to Moldavia |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Principality of Moldavia

Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate |

* Jan Zamoyski

* Battle of Cecora
* Battle of Suceava

| Victory
1598–

1599

| War against Sigismund |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Swedish Empire |

* Sigismund III

* Battle of Stegeborg
* Battle of Stångebro

| Defeat
1600–

1611

| Polish-Swedish War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Swedish Empire |

* Sigismund III
* Jan Chodkiewicz
* Jan Zamoyski
* Stanisław Żółkiewski
* Krzysztof Radziwiłł
* Jürgen von Farensbach

* Battle of Karksi
* Battle of Wenden
* Battle of Kokenhausen
* Siege of Wolmar
* Siege of Fellin
* Battle of Reval
* Siege of Weissenstein
* Battle of Rakvere
* Battle of Weissenstein
* Battle of Kircholm
* Capture of Daugavgrīva
* Siege of Pärnu
* Battle of Salis
* Battle of Daugavgrīva

| Disputed
1605 | 1st Dimitriad  | False Dmitry I

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia |  |  | Victory
1606 | Moscow uprising [ru] | False Dmitry I

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia |  |  | Defeat
1606–1607 | Zebrzydowski's rebellion[89] |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Polish nobles under Zebrzydowski  |  |  | Victory
1607 | Stefan Potocki's expedition to Moldavia[90] |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Principality of Moldavia

Crimean Khanate |  |  | Victory
1607–1609 | 2nd Dimitriad  | False Dmitry II

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia |  |  | Defeat
1609–

1618

| Polish-Muscovite War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

False Dmitry I

|  Tsardom of Russia

Don Cossacks

Swedish Empire

* Sigismund III
* Władysław IV
* Jan Chodkiewicz
* Stanisław Żółkiewski
* False Dmitry I
* False Dmitry II
* Aleksander Lisowski
* Jan Sapieha
* Lew Sapieha
* Aleksander Gosiewski
* Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny

* Battle of Novhorod-Siverskyi
* Battle of Dobrynichi
* Siege of Kromy
* Battle of Kozelsk
* Battle of Zaraysk
* Battle of Bolkhov
* Battle of Medvezhiy Brod
* Siege of Troitsky monastery
* De la Gardie campaign
* Siege of Smolensk
* Tsaryovo-Zaymishche
* Battle of Klushino
* Battle of Moscow
* Siege of Smolensk
* Battle of Mozhaysk
* Siege of Moscow
* Prince Władysław's March on Moscow

| Victory
1612 | Battle of Cornul lui Sas |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Principality of Moldavia

Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate |

* Stefan Potocki [pl]
* Stanisław Żółkiewski

|  | Defeat
1615–1616 | Expedition to Moldavia |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Moldavian opposition  |  Principality of Moldavia

Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate

Principality of Wallachia |

* Samuel Korecki
* Michał Wiśniowiecki

* Battle of Iași
* Battle of Cornul lui Sas

| Defeat
1617–

1618

| Polish-Swedish War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Swedish Empire |

* Krzysztof Radziwiłł

|  | Defeat
1619 | Lisowczyk's intervention in the Thirty Years' War[91][citation needed] |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Principality of Transylvania |  |

* Battle of Humenné

| Victory
1620–

1621

| Polish-Ottoman War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Zaporozhian Cossacks

|  Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate

Principality of Wallachia |

* Stanisław Żółkiewski
* Jan Chodkiewicz
* Władysław IV
* Stanisław Koniecpolski
* Stanisław Lubomirski
* Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny

* Raid on Istanbul
* Battle of Cecora
* Battle of Khotyn

| Indecisive
1621–

1625

| Polish-Swedish War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Swedish Empire |

* Sigismund III
* Aleksander Gosiewski
* Jan Sapieha

* Battle of Kroppenhof
* Battle of Listenhoff
* Battle of Wallhof

| Defeat
1625 | Zhmaylo Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Zaporozhian Cossacks |  |  | Victory
1626–

1629

| Polish-Swedish War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Holy Roman Empire

|  Swedish Empire |

* Sigismund III
* Stanisław Koniecpolski
* Aleksander Gosiewski
* Jan Sapieha
* Lew Sapieha
* Stanisław Potocki
* Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg
* Arend Dickmann

* Battle of Gniew
* Battle of Wenden
* Battle of Czarne
* Battle of Dirscha
* Battle of Oliwa
* Battle of Treiden
* Battle of Ostróda
* Battle of Górzno
* Battle of Trzciana

| Defeat
1630 | Fedorovych Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Zaporozhian Cossacks |

* Stanisław Koniecpolski

|  | Victory
1632–

1634

| Smolensk War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia |

* Władysław IV
* Krzysztof Radziwiłł
* Aleksander Gosiewski

* Siege of Dorogobuzh
* Siege of Smolensk
* Siege of Putivl [pl]
* Raid on Polotsk [pl]
* Battle of Smolensk [pl]
* Siege of Belaya

| Victory
1633–

1634

| Polish-Ottoman War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate

Principality of Wallachia

Principality of Moldavia

Budjak Horde

* Stanisław Koniecpolski

* Battle of Sasowy Róg [pl]
* Battle of Paniowce

| Indecisive
1635 | Sulyma Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Zaporozhian Cossacks |

* Stanisław Koniecpolski

|  | Victory
1637–1638 | Pavlyuk Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Zaporozhian Cossacks |

* Mikołaj Potocki

* Battle of Kumeyki

| Victory
1638 | Ostryanyn Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Zaporozhian Cossacks |

* Mikołaj Potocki
* Jeremi Wiśniowiecki

* Battle of Zhovnyn
* Siege of the Starzec River

| Victory
1648–

1657

| Khmelnytsky Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

|  Zaporozhian Cossacks

Crimean Khanate

* John II
* Jeremi Wiśniowiecki
* Marcin Kalinowski
* Mikołaj Potocki
* Stefan Potocki
* Stefan Czarniecki
* Janusz Tyszkiewicz
* Władysław Zasławski-Ostrogski
* Aleksander Koniecpolski
* Janusz Radziwiłł
* Wincenty Gosiewski
* Władysław Wołłowicz
* Mikołaj Ostroróg
* Stanisław Lanckoroński
* Marek Sobieski
* Zygmunt Przyjemski

* Battle of Zhovti Vody
* Battle of Korsuń
* Battle of Starokostiantyniv
* Battle of Pyliavts
* Battle of Mazyr
* Battle of Loyew
* Battle of Zahal
* Siege of Zbarazh
* Battle of Zboriv
* Battle of Krasne
* Battle of Kopychyntsi
* Battle of Berestechko
* Battle of Loyew
* Battle of Bila Tserkva
* Battle of Batih
* Siege of Suceava
* Battle of Zhvanets
* Battle of Okhmativ
* Battle of Magierów

| Defeat
1651 | Kostka-Napierski uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Peasants |

* Wilhelm Jarocki
* Michał Jordan

|  | Victory
1654–

1667

| Russo-Polish War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

|  Tsardom of Russia

Zaporozhian Cossacks |

* Stefan Czarniecki
* Wincenty Gosiewski
* John II
* Stanisław Lanckoroński
* Jerzy Lubomirski
* Michał Pac
* Stanisław Potocki
* Janusz Radziwiłł
* Paweł Sapieha
* Ivan Vyhovsky
* Pavlo Teteria
* Filip Obuchowicz [pl]
* Krzysztof Grodzicki
* Władysław Wołłowicz
* Jan Pasek
* Kazimierz Żeromski

* Siege of Smolensk
* Siege of Mstislav [pl]
* Trubetsky Massacre [pl]
* Battle of Shklow
* Battle of Shepeleviche
* Battle of Okhmativ
* Battle of Vilnius
* Battle of Horodok
* Siege of Lwów [pl]
* Battle of Ozerna
* Battle of Verkiai
* Battle of Myadel
* Battle of Konotop
* Siege of Lyakhavichy
* Siege of Barysaw
* Battle of Polonka
* Battle of Lyubar
* Battle of Slobodyshche
* Battle of Basya
* Battle of Chudnov
* Battle of Kushliki
* Battle of Vitebsk
* Battle of Stavishche
* Siege of Hlukhiv

| Defeat
1655–

1660

| Northern War of 1655–1660 (Second Northern War)  |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

|  Swedish Empire

Zaporozhian Cossacks

* Krzysztof Opaliński
* John II
* Stanisław Lanckoroński
* Aleksander Koniecpolski
* Stefan Czarniecki
* Jan Krasiński
* Stasnisław Potocki
* Augustyn Kordecki
* Stanisław Warszycki
* Jan Zamoyski
* Jerzy Lubomirski
* Krzysztof Grodzicki

| (list of battles)  | Disputed
1665–1666 | Lubomirski's rebellion |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Forces loyal to Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski |

* John II
* Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki
* John III
* Michał Kazimierz Pac

* Battle of Częstochowa [pl]
* Battle of Mątwy

| Defeat
1666–

1671

| Polish-Cossack-Tatar War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Zaporozhian Cossacks

Crimean Khanate

Ottoman Empire

* John III
* Sebastian Machowski [pl]

* Battle of Ściana [pl]
* Battle of Podhajc
* Battle of Bracław [pl]
* Battle of Kalnik

| Victory
1672–

1676

| Polish-Ottoman War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Ottoman Empire

Zaporozhian Cossacks

Crimean Khanate

Lipka Tatars

* John III
* Mikołaj Potocki
* Mykhailo Khanenko
* Michał Radziwiłł
* Jan Chrzanowski

* Battle of Ladyzhyn
* Siege of Kamenets
* Battle of Krasnobród
* Battle of Niemirów
* Battle of Komarno
* Battle of Kalush
* Battle of Khotyn
* Battle of Lwów
* Battle of Trembowla
* Battle of Żurawno

| Defeat
1683–

1699

| Polish-Ottoman War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Archduchy of Austria

|  Ottoman Empire |

* John III Sobieski
* Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski
* Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski
* Marcin Kątski
* Stefan Kunicki
* James Louis Sobieski
* Kazimierz Jan Sapieha
* Feliks Kazimierz Potocki

* Battle of Vienna
* Battle of Párkány
* Siege of Kamenets
* Battle of Hodów
* Battle of Ustechk
* Battle of Podhajce

| Victory

* Treaty of Karlowitz

1697–1702 | Lithuanian Civil War | Anti–Sapieha Coalition  | Saphieha family and allies  |

* John III
* Augustus II

|  | Victory
1700–

1721

| Great Northern War |  Augustus II the Strong (1700–04, 1709–)

Tsardom of Russia

Denmark–Norway (1700, 1709–)

Electorate of Saxony (1700–06, 1709–)

Augustus II the Strong (1700–04, 1709–)

Cossack Hetmanate (1700–08, 1709–1721)

Kingdom of Prussia (1715–)

Electorate of Hanover (1715-)

others |  Stanisław Leszczyński (1704–09)

Swedish Empire

Ottoman Empire (1710–14)

Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09)

others |

* Augustus II
* Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski
* Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński
* Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki
* Ludwik Pociej
* Jan Kazimierz Sapieha
* Józef Potocki
* Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski

| (list of battles)  | Victory

* Treaty of Nystad

1702–1704 | Paliy Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Zaporozhian Cossacks |

* Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski

|  | Victory
1715–1716 | Tarnogród Confederation |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Szlachta part of the Confederation

Russian Empire |  |

* Battle of Radgoszcz [pl]
* Battle of Ryczywoł [pl]
* Second Battle of Sokal [pl]
* Battle of Leszno [pl]
* Battle of Kowalewo [pl]

| Defeat
1733–

1735

| War of the Polish Succession |  Stanisław Leszczyński

Kingdom of France

Kingdom of Spain

Duchy of Savoy |  Augustus III of Poland

Habsburg Monarchy

Russian Empire

Electorate of Saxony

Kingdom of Prussia |

* Stanisław I Leszczyński
* Augustus III of Poland
* Jan Tarło
* Adam Tarło

* Siege of Danzig
* Battle of Wyszecin [pl]
* Battle of Miechów [pl]

| Internal conflict

* Treaty of Vienna

1734 | Haidamak Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Russian Empire

Crimean Tatars | Haidamaks |  |  | Polish–Russian victory
1750 | Haidamak Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Russian Empire | Haidamaks |  |  | Polish–Russian victory
1764 | Civil war in the Commonwealth [pl] |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Hetmans

Russian Empire |  |  | Internal conflict
1768–1769 | Koliivshchyna |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Russian Empire | Haidamaks |

* Jan Klemens Branicki
* Mikhail Krechetnikov

|  | Polish–Russian victory
1768–1772 | War of the Bar Confederation |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Russian Empire |

* Karol Radziwiłł
* Casimir Pulaski
* Michał Jan Pac
* Maurice Benyovszky

| (list of battles)  | Defeat
1792 | Polish-Russian War |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Russian Empire

Targowica Confederation |

* Józef Poniatowski
* Tadeusz Kościuszko
* Michał Wielhorski
* Józef Judycki
* Józef Bielak
* Szymon Zabiełło

| (list of battles)  | Defeat
1794 | Kościuszko Uprising |  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Russian Empire

Prussia |

* Tadeusz Kościuszko
* Antoni Madaliński
* Jakub Jasiński
* Tomasz Wawrzecki
* Stanisław Mokronowski
* Józef Zajączek
* Józef Bielak
* Antoni Chlewiński
* Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
* Michał Wielhorski
* Józef Poniatowski
* Eustachy Sanguszko
* Romuald Giedroyć

| (list of battles)  | Defeat

## Napoleonic Wars (Duchy of Warsaw)

[edit]

Main articles: Polish Legions (Napoleonic period) and Napoleonic Wars

Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1797 | Denisko uprising | Polish insurgents

Ottoman Empire

Great Britain

France |  Austrian Empire |

* Joachim Denisko
* Julian Sierawski

|  | Defeat
1798–

1802

| War of the Second Coalition |

France

Polish Legions

Spain

Denmark–Norway[92]

French client republics:

* Batavian Republic
* Helvetic Republic
* Cisalpine Republic
* Roman Republic (until 1799)[93]
* Parthenopaean Republic (1799)[94]

| Second Coalition:

Holy Roman Empire[95]

* Austria

Great Britain (until 1801)

United Kingdom (from 1801)

Russia (until 1799)

Ottoman Empire

Portugal

Kingdom of Naples

Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Order of Saint John (1798)

Malta (1798–1800)

French Royalists

|  |

* Battles during War of the Second Coalition involving Poland

| Victory
1803–

1806

| War of the Third Coalition |  French Empire

* Polish Legions
* Kingdom of Etruria
* Batavian Republic
* Napoleonic Italy
* Spain
* Electorate of Bavaria
* Württemberg

|  Holy Roman Empire

Russian Empire

United Kingdom

Kingdom of Naples

Kingdom of Sicily

Sweden

French royalists

|  |

* Battles during the War of the Third Coalition involving Poland

| Victory
1806–

1807

| War of the Fourth Coalition |  French Empire

* Polish Legions
* Confederation of the Rhine:
* Bavaria
* Württemberg
* Saxony[96]
* Napoleonic Italy
* Kingdom of Naples
* Etruria
* Holland
* Spain
* Swiss Confederation

|  Prussia

Russia

United Kingdom

Saxony[96]

Sweden

Sicily

|  |

* Battles during the War of the Fourth Coalition involving Poland

| Victory
1808–

1814

| Peninsular War |  French Empire

Polish Legions

|  Spain

United Kingdom

Portugal

* Józef Poniatowski
* Józef Chłopicki
* Jan Kozietulski
* Jan Konopka
* Franciszek Młokosiewicz

* First siege of Zaragoza
* Battle of Gamonal
* Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros
* Battle of Tudela
* Battle of Somosierra
* Second siege of Zaragoza
* Battle of Los Yébenes
* Battle of Ciudad Real
* Battle of Talavera
* Battle of Almonacid
* Battle of Ocaña
* Battle of Alcañiz
* Battle of Belchite
* Battle of Saguntum
* Battle of Fuengirola
* Battle of Baza
* Battle of Zújar
* Siege of Tarifa
* Battle of Albuera
* Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos

| Defeat
1809 | War of the Fifth Coalition |  French Empire

* Duchy of Warsaw
* Confederation of the Rhine:
* Bavaria
* Saxony
* Württemberg
* Westphalia
* Napoleonic Italy
* Naples
* Switzerland
* Holland

|  Austrian Empire

* Hungary
* Tyrol (in rebellion against Bavaria)

United Kingdom

Spain

Sicily

Sardinia

Black Brunswickers

* Józef Poniatowski
* Frederick Augustus I

* Battle of Wagram

| Victory
1809 | Austro-Polish War |  Duchy of Warsaw

Kingdom of Saxony

French Empire

|  Austrian Empire |

* Józef Poniatowski
* Berke Joselewicz
* Michał Sokolnicki
* Józef Zajączek

* Battle of Raszyn
* Battle of Grochów [pl]
* Battle of Radzymin
* Battle of Ostrówek [pl]
* Skirmish at Kock
* Siege of Toruń [pl]
* Battle of Jedlińsk [pl]
* Battle of Zaleszczyki [pl]

| Victory

* Treaty of Schönbrunn

1812 | French Invasion of Russia |  French Empire

* Duchy of Warsaw
* Napoleonic Italy
* Naples
* Confederation of the Rhine
* Baden
* Bavaria
* Berg
* Saxony
* Westphalia
* Napoleonic Spain
* Swiss Confederation

|  Russian Empire |

* Józef Poniatowski
* Aleksander Różniecki [pl]
* Józef Zajączek
* Franciszek Kossecki [pl]
* Jan Dąbrowski

* Battle of Mir
* Battle of Smolensk
* Battle of Shevardino
* Battle of Borodino
* French occupation of Moscow
* Battle of Tarutino
* Battle of Vyazma
* Battle of Nowo Schwerschen
* Battle of Kaidanowo
* Battle of Krasnoi
* Battle of Borisov
* Battle of Berezina

| Defeat
1812–

1814

| War of the Sixth Coalition |  First French Empire

* Duchy of Warsaw
* Napoleonic Italy
* Kingdom of Naples

| Original Coalition

Russian Empire

Prussia

Austrian Empire

United Kingdom

Sweden

Spain

Portugal

Two Sicilies

Kingdom of Sardinia

After Battle of Leipzig

* Saxony
* Bavaria
* Württemberg
* Netherlands

* Józef Poniatowski
* Dezydery Chłapowski

* German campaign of 1813
* Battle of Lützen
* Battle of Bautzen
* Battle of Kulm
* Battle of Dennewitz
* Battle of Leipzig
* Battle of Sehested
* Battle of Montmirail
* Battle of Montereau
* Battle of Reims

| Defeat

## Poland under partitions (1815–1918)

[edit]

Main articles: History of Poland (1795–1918) and History of Poland under partitions

Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1830–

1831

| November Uprising |  Kingdom of Poland |  Russian Empire |

* Józef Chłopicki
* Jan Zygmunt Skrzynecki
* Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł
* Maciej Rybiński
* Emilia Plater

* Battles during the November Uprising

| Defeat
1846 | Kraków Uprising |  Poles [pl] |  Austrian Empire

Russian Empire

* Jan Tyssowski

* Chochołowian uprising [pl]
* Battle of Gdów

| Defeat

* Rabacja Galicyjska

1848 | Greater Poland Uprising | Poles |  Prussia |

* Ludwik Mierosławski

* Battle of Miłosław

| Defeat
1863–

1864

| January Uprising |  Poles |  Russian Empire |

* Romuald Traugutt

* Battles during the January Uprising

| Defeat
1905–

1907

| Revolution of 1905

* Revolution of 1905 in Poland

|  Polish revolutionaries [pl]

Russian revolutionaries

|  Russian Empire

Polish conservatives

|  |

* Łódź insurrection
* Bloody Wednesday

| Defeat
1914–

1918

| World War I |  German Empire

Austria-Hungary

Polish Legions

Central Powers |  Russian Empire

* Polish Armed Forces

British Empire

French Third Republic

* Blue Army

Allies

* Józef Piłsudski
* Józef Haller
* Marian Januszajtis-Żegota
* Stanisław Szeptycki
* Mieczysław Ryś-Trojanowski

* Battles of World War I involving Poland
* Battle of Krzywopłoty
* Battle of Łowczówek
* Charge of Rokitna
* Battle of Kostiuchnówka
* Battle of Krechowce
* Battle of Rarańcza
* Battle of Kaniów

| Victory[a]

## Second Polish Republic (1918–1939)

[edit]

Main articles: History of Poland (1918–1939) and History of Poland during World War I

In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1918–

1919

| Polish-Ukrainian War |  Second Polish Republic

Kingdom of Romania |  West Ukrainian People's Republic

Ukrainian People's Republic |

* Józef Piłsudski
* Józef Haller

* Battles during the Polish–Ukrainian War

| Victory

* Treaty of Warsaw

1918–

1919

| Soviet westward offensive |  Second Polish Republic

Ukrainian People's Republic |  Russian SFSR |

* Józef Piłsudski

|  | Victory
1918–

1919

| Greater Poland Uprising |  Poles |  Weimar Republic |  |

* Battle of Ławica
* Battle of Rawicz

| Victory
1919 | Januszajtis putsch | Government–loyal army  | ND |

* Józef Piłsudski
* Jędrzej Moraczewski

|  | Internal conflict

* Defeating the putschists

1919 | Polish–Czechoslovak War |  Second Polish Republic |  Czechoslovakia |

* Franciszek Latinik

* Battle of Skoczów

| Indecisive
1919 | First Silesian Uprising |  Poles |  Weimar Republic |

* Alfons Zgrzebniok

|  | Defeat
1920 | Second Silesian Uprising |  Poles |  Weimar Republic |  |  | Victory
1919–

1921

| Silesian Uprisings |  Poles |  Weimar Republic |

* Wojciech Korfanty

* Battle of Annaberg

| Ceasefire
1919–

1921

| Polish-Soviet War |  Second Polish Republic |  Russian SFSR

Ukrainian SSR

Byelorussian SSR

Polrewkom |

* Józef Piłsudski
* Tadeusz Rozwadowski

* Battles of the Polish–Soviet War

| Victory
1919–

1920

| Polish-Lithuanian War |  Second Polish Republic

* Central Lithuania

|  Lithuania |

* Lucjan Żeligowski

* Żeligowski's Mutiny
* Battles of the Polish–Lithuanian War

| Victory
1923 | 1923 Kraków riot |  Second Polish Republic | Polish Socialist Party |  |  | Internal conflict

* Government crackdown on striking workers

1926 | May Coup | Government–loyal army  | Sanation–loyal army  |

* Stanisław Wojciechowski
* Wincenty Witos

|  | Internal conflict

* Sanation takeover government

1932 | Lesko uprising |  Second Polish Republic | Peasants  |  |  | Internal conflict

## Poland during World War II (1939–1945)

[edit]

Main articles: History of Poland (1939–1945) and Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)

The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the end of World War II. Following the German–Soviet non-aggression pact, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the Axis attack on the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, the entirety of Poland was occupied by Germany, which proceeded to advance its racial and genocidal policies across Poland.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1939 | Jabłonków incident |  Second Polish Republic |  Nazi Germany

|  |  | Victory
1939 | World War II – September Campaign |  Second Polish Republic

|  Nazi Germany

* Slovakia

Soviet Union

* Edward Śmigły-Rydz
* Tadeusz Kutrzeba
* Wacław Stachiewicz
* Juliusz Rómmel
* Antoni Szylling
* Franciszek Kleeberg

* Bombing of Wieluń
* Defence of Westerplatte
* Battle of Mokra
* Battle of Wizna
* Siege of Warsaw
* Battle of the Bzura
* Battle of Lwów
* Battle of Grodno
* Defense of Hel Peninsula
* Battle of Kock

| Defeat

* Partition of Poland

1939–

1945

| World War II – Polish resistance |  Polish Underground State

* Armia Krajowa
* Armia Ludowa
* Bataliony Chłopskie
* Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
* Other Polish underground organisations

|  Nazi Germany

* General Government
* Slovakia

* Other axis powers

* Henryk Dobrzański
* Stefan Rowecki
* Tadeusz Komorowski
* August Emil Fieldorf
* Franciszek Kamiński
* Marian Spychalski
* Michał Rola-Żymierski

* fights of Hubal Unit
* Zamość uprising
* Akcja "Burza"
* Operation Ostra Brama
* Warsaw Uprising

| Indecisive[b]
1939–

1945

| World War II – Western Front |  Polish government-in-exile

Allies:

* UK
* France
* Others

|  Nazi Germany

Italy

* Other axis powers

* Władysław Sikorski
* Władysław Anders
* Stanisław Maczek
* Zygmunt Bohusz-Szyszko
* Jan Zumbach

* Battle of the Atlantic
* Battle of Narvik
* French campaign
* Battle of Britain
* Siege of Tobruk
* Battle of Monte Cassino
* Falaise pocket
* Operation Market Garden
* Liberation of Breda [pl]
* Operation Pheasant
* Battle of Wilhelmshaven [pl]

| Victory

* Potsdam Conference

1943–

1945

| World War II – Eastern Front |  Polish Republic

Soviet Union |  Nazi Germany

* Slovakia

* Other axis powers

* Zygmunt Berling
* Michał Rola-Żymierski
* Karol Świerczewski
* Władysław Korczyc
* Stanisław Popławski
* Antoni Siwicki [pl]

* Battle of Lenino
* Battle of Studzianki
* Battles for the Warsaw Bridgeheads [pl]
* Liberation of Warsaw [pl]
* East Pomeranian offensive
* Battle of Kołobrzeg
* Breakthrough of Pomerenian Wall [pl]
* Battle of Rothenburg [pl]
* Battle of Budziszyn
* Battle of Berlin
* Prague offensive

| Victory

* Potsdam Conference

## Communist Poland (1945–1989)

[edit]

Main articles: History of Poland (1945–1989) and Polish People's Republic

The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1939–

1947

| Polish–Ukrainian conflict |  Polish Underground State

Polish People's Republic

Soviet Union |  Ukrainian Insurgent Army

Nazi Germany

Cursed soldiers |

* Karol Świerczewski
* Stefan Mossor

* Defence of Huta Stara [pl]
* Defence of Huta Stepańska and Wyrka
* Attack on Hrubieszów
* Przebraże Defence
* Battles for Bircza
* Akcja „Wisła”
* Battle of Ulhówek and Rzeczyca

| Victory
1944–1953 | Anti-communist resistance in Poland |  Polish People's Republic | Cursed soldiers |

* Bolesław Bierut
* Stanisław Radkiewicz
* Konstantin Rokossovsky

* Battle of Surkonty
* Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów
* Battle of Kuryłówka
* Raid on Kielce Prison
* Augustów roundup
* Attack on Hrubieszów
* 1946 pacification of villages by PAS NZW

| Internal conflict

* Defeat of the Cursed soldiers

1945 | Racibórz Conflict |  Polish People's Republic |  Czechoslovakia |

* Michał Rola-Żymierski

|  | Indecisive
1945 | Kórnica uprising [pl] |  Polish People's Republic | German residents of Kórnica  |

* Kazimierz Wrona

|  | Victory
1945 | Walce uprising [pl] |  Polish People's Republic | German residents of Walce  |

* Kazimierz Wrona

|  | Victory
1949–1955 | Operation Jungle |  Soviet Union

Polish People's Republic |  United Kingdom

West Germany

Sweden

Denmark

United States |

* Bolesław Bierut

|  | Victory
1968 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia |  Warsaw Pact:

Soviet Union

People's Republic of Poland

People's Republic of Hungary

People's Republic of Bulgaria

East Germany |  Czechoslovakia |

* Władysław Gomułka
* Marian Spychalski
* Józef Cyrankiewicz
* Wojciech Jaruzelski

|  | Victory

## Third Polish Republic (1989–present)

[edit]

Main articles: History of Poland (1989–present) and Third Polish Republic

At the beginning of the 21st century Poland is involved in the War against terrorism on the NATO side.

Date  | Conflict  | Belligerents 1  | Belligerents 2  | Leaders  | Events  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1990–

1991

| Gulf War |

* United States
* United Kingdom
* France
* Saudi Arabia
* Egypt
* Kuwait

* * *

Coalition:

* Afghan mujahideen[97]
* Argentina
* Australia
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Belgium
* Canada
* Czechoslovakia
* Denmark
* Germany
* Greece
* Honduras
* Hungary
* Italy
* Japan
* Luxembourg
* Morocco
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Niger
* Norway
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Poland
* Portugal
* Qatar
* Romania
* Senegal
* Sierra Leone
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Spain
* Sweden
* Syria
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates

|  Iraq |  |  | Coalition victory

* State of Kuwait resumes self-governance over all Kuwaiti sovereign territory
* Establishment of a demilitarized zone and construction of a separation barrier along the Iraq–Kuwait border

1994–1995 | Operation Uphold Democracy |  United States
Argentina
Poland

* * *

Haitian Opposition

CARICOM

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Guyana
* Jamaica
* Trinidad and Tobago

|  Haiti |

* Sławomir Petelicki

* Operation Maintain Democracy

| US-led coalition victory

* Military regime removed, Raoul Cédras deposed
* Jean-Bertrand Aristide sworn back into office.

2001–2021 | War on Terror (Main phase)

* War in Afghanistan
* Iraq War
* Mali War

| Main countries:

* United States
* United Kingdom
* Germany
* Italy
* Canada
* France
* Australia
* New Zealand
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Turkey

| Main opponents:

* Al-Qaeda
* Islamic State[c]
* First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban)
* Ba'athist Iraq[d]
* Iraqi Ba'athist insurgents

|  |

* Operation Black Eagle
* Operation Eagle's Feather
* Operation Achilles
* Operation Serval

| Indecisive

* Major wars ended, ongoing in small operations[98]

2003-2011 | Iraq War | Coalition of the willing

* United States
* United Kingdom
* Australia
* Poland

Kurdistan Region

* KDP
* PUK

Iraqi National Congress

* Free Iraqi Forces[99][100]

* Republic of Iraq
* MEK[101]

* Aleksander Kwaśniewski

* Battle of Umm Qasr
* Battle of Al Faw
* Battle of Basra
* Battle of Hillah

| Indecisive/Other Result[102][103][104][105]
2007-2021 | War in Afghanistan (Polish intervention)

* Operation Achilles
* Operation Eagle's Feather

|  Poland

Afghan National Army |  Taliban |  |  | Afghan Victory[106]
2013–2014 | Operation Serval |  France

Mali

Poland

Others  |  Islamic militants  |

* Bronisław Komorowski

|  | Victory

## See also

[edit]

* History of the Polish Army
* List of Napoleonic battles
* List of wars involving Germany
* List of wars involving Russia
* List of wars involving Ukraine
* Polish–Ottoman Wars
* Polish–Russian Wars – Russo-Polish Wars
* Polish–Swedish wars

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Defeat of Central Powers and Russia, but fulfilling the goal of Polish national liberation movements
2. ^ Success of the Zamość Uprising, partial success of Akcja "Burza"
3. ^ ISIS is sometimes in conflict with and/or fighting against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, see: Al-Qaeda–Islamic State conflict and ISIS-Taliban conflict
4. ^ The Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations are false

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Bachrach, David S. (2014). Warfare in Tenth-Century Germany. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 69\. ISBN 978-1-84383-927-9.
2. ^ Wiszewski 2010, p. xxxvii.
3. ^ a b Ostrowski, Jozafat Bolesław (1841). The History of Poland. Vol. 1, 2. p. 73.
4. ^ Urbańczyk 2017, p. 85.
5. ^ "Cesarz Otton III. Uczestnik zjazdu w Gnieźnie. Jak widział przyszłość Europy?". Historia Do Rzeczy (in Polish). 2023-01-23. "W 995 roku Otton III porozumiał się z Bolesławem Chrobrym w sprawie wspólnego ataku na Słowian Połabskich, jednak misja zakończyła się porażką, a Słowianie zaczęli odważniej i częściej najeżdżać tereny Niemiec."
6. ^ a b Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 18.
7. ^ Wihoda, Martin (2024). The Making of Medieval Central Europe: Power and Political Prerequisites for the First Westernization, 791-1122. Rowman & Littlefield (published 26 August 2024). p. 108\. ISBN 978-1-4985-6843-2.
8. ^ Halecki, Oskar (1993). A history of Poland. Barnes & Noble. p. 18\. ISBN 9788385291305.
9. ^ a b Wiszewski 2010, p. xxxviii.
10. ^ Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 23.
11. ^ a b c Wiszewski 2010, p. xxxix.
12. ^ Nicolle, David; Sarnecki, Witold (2012-02-20). Medieval Polish Armies 966–1500. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 6\. ISBN 978-1-78096-502-4.
13. ^ Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 23-24.
14. ^ Poczet królów i książąt polskich. Warsaw: Czytelnik. 1984. p. 54\. ISBN 978-83-07-01104-2.
15. ^ Steinhübel 2020, p. 446-447.
16. ^ Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 24.
17. ^ Grudziński 2010, p. 27-28.
18. ^ a b c d e f g Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 25.
19. ^ Grudziński 2010, p. 29.
20. ^ Macartney, C. A. (2017). Hungary: From Ninth Century Origins to the 1956 Uprising. Routledge (published 12 July 2017). ISBN 978-1-351-51417-0. "but in 1074 the cousins quarelled and Salamon was evicted. Geza ruled for three years (1074-7)"
21. ^ Zupka, Dušan (2016). Ritual and Symbolic Communication in Medieval Hungary under the Árpád Dynasty (1000 - 1301). Brill Publishing (published 29 August 2016). p. 82\. ISBN 978-90-04-32639-2.
22. ^ Grudziński 2010, p. 57.
23. ^ Martin, Janet (2007-12-06). Medieval Russia, 980-1584. Cambridge University Press. p. 56\. ISBN 978-0-521-85916-5.
24. ^ Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 26.
25. ^ Bunar & Sroka 2004, pp. 26–27.
26. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 44.
27. ^ Bunar & Sroka 2004, pp. 27–28.
28. ^ a b c d Berend, Nora; Urbańczyk, Przemysław; Wiszewski, Przemysław (2013). Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300. Cambridge University Press (published 19 December 2013). p. 173\. ISBN 978-0-521-78156-5.
29. ^ Čapka, František (1998). Dějiny zemí Koruny české v datech [History of the Czech crown countries in dates] (PDF) (in Czech) (1st ed.). Prague: National Library of the Czech Republic. p. 44\. ISBN 9788085983517.
30. ^ a b Bunar & Sroka 2004, pp. 28–29.
31. ^ a b c d e f g h Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 29.
32. ^ Balard, Michel (2016). La Papauté et les croisades / The Papacy and the Crusades: Actes du VIIe Congrès de la Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East/ Proceedings of the VIIth Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. Taylor and Francis (published 22 April 2016). p. 261\. ISBN 978-1-317-10855-9.
33. ^ Bunar & Sroka 2004, pp. 29–30.
34. ^ a b Bunar & Sroka 2004, pp. 30.
35. ^ a b Bunar & Sroka 2004, pp. 30–31.
36. ^ a b c Steinhübel 2020, p. 496.
37. ^ a b c Bunar & Sroka 2004, pp. 31.
38. ^ Pietras, Zdzisław S. (1978). Bolesław Krzywousty (in Polish). Ślas̨k. p. 66\. ISBN 978-83-216-0261-5.
39. ^ Pietras, Stanisław (1982). Bolesław Krzywousty (in Polish). Wydawnictwo "Śląsk". pp. 111–114\. ISBN 8321602614.
40. ^ https://zamki.name/kraje/polska/boleslaw3.php
41. ^ a b c Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 32.
42. ^ Antonín, Robert (2017). The Ideal Ruler in Medieval Bohemia. Brill Publishing (published 6 March 2017). p. 142\. ISBN 978-90-04-34112-8.
43. ^ Nicolle, David; Sarnecki, Witold (2012). Medieval Polish Armies 966–1500. Bloomsbury Publishing (published 20 February 2012). p. 7\. ISBN 978-1-78096-502-4.
44. ^ Bunar & Sroka 2004, pp. 32–33.
45. ^ a b c d e f Bunar & Sroka 2004, pp. 33.
46. ^ Maleczyński, Karol; Sadkiewicz, Jan (2010). Bolesław III Krzywousty. Władcy Polscy. Kraków: Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych Universitas. pp. 137–138\. ISBN 978-83-242-1235-4.
47. ^ a b c Wiszewski 2010, p. xl.
48. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 151-152.
49. ^ a b Pashuto 1968, p. 151.
50. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 152.
51. ^ a b Pietras, Zdzisław S. (1982). Bolesław Krzywousty (Wyd. 2 ed.). Katowice. pp. 196–197\. ISBN 978-83-216-0261-5. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
52. ^ a b c Bunar & Sroka 2004, pp. 34.
53. ^ W. Czapliński, A. Galos, W. Korta: Historia Niemiec, p. 138.
54. ^ a b c d Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 35.
55. ^ Čapka, František (1998). Dějiny zemí Koruny české v datech [History of the Czech crown countries in dates] (PDF) (in Czech) (1st ed.). Prague: National Library of the Czech Republic. p. 50\. ISBN 9788085983517.
56. ^ Karamzin, Nikolay (1824). "IX". История Государства Российского [History of the Russian state] (in Russian). Vol. II.
57. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 153.
58. ^ Długosz, Jan. Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego królestwa Polskiego, vol 5&6 (PDF) (in Polish).
59. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 159.
60. ^ Berend, Nora; Urbańczyk, Przemysław; Wiszewski, Przemysław (2013-12-19). Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300. Cambridge University Press. p. 244\. ISBN 978-0-521-78156-5.
61. ^ Włodarski 1927, p. 15-16.
62. ^ Włodarski 1927, p. 87.
63. ^ Włodarski 1927, p. 39.
64. ^ Włodarski 1927, p. 50.
65. ^ a b c Włodarski 1927, p. 88.
66. ^ "Henryk I Brodaty". zamki.name.
67. ^ "Walka o tron krakowski po śmierci Leszka Białego w 1227 r." historia.interia.pl (in Polish).
68. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 252.
69. ^ Kazimierz Lepszy, Słownik biograficzny historii powszechnej do XVII stulecia. Wiedza Powszechna Warszawa 1968
70. ^ Boras, Zygmunt (1983). Książęta Piastowscy Wielkopolski (Poznańskie ed.). pp. 153–154.
71. ^ Świeżawski, Aleksander (2006). Przemysł – król Polski (DiG ed.). pp. 48, 100.
72. ^ a b Długosz, Jan. Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego królestwa Polskiego, vol 7&8 (PDF) (in Polish).
73. ^ Kotlâr, Mikola Fedorovič (2003). Diplomatiâ ûžnoj Rusi. Slavânskaâ biblioteka. Sankt-Peterburg: Aletejâ. p. 322\. ISBN 978-5-89329-593-1.
74. ^ Rocznik Krzeszowski Większy, w: MPH, t. II
75. ^ Kronika książąt polskich,w: MPH, t.II
76. ^ Swieżawski, A., Przemysł II Król Polski (en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, p. 148; and Baszkiewicz, J., Powstanie zjednoczonego państwa polskiego na przełomie XIII i XIV wieku (en: Establishment of a united Polish state at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries), Warsaw 1954, pp. 208–209
77. ^ Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 59.
78. ^ Kohn 2013, p. 371.
79. ^ Nowak, A. (2010). Historia Polski. Kalendarium dziejów: Pradzieje-1655. p. 183.
80. ^ Leszczyńscy, A.; Leszczyńscy, M. Najważniejsze wydarzenia w historii Polski i świata.
81. ^ Spieralski 1967, p. 27.
82. ^ a b Stone, Daniel Z. (2014-07-01). The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795. University of Washington Press. p. 22\. ISBN 978-0-295-80362-3.
83. ^ Bunar & Sroka 2004, p. 92.
84. ^ Gieysztor, Aleksander; Kieniewicz, Stefan; Rostwokowski, Emanuel; Tazbir, Janusz; Wereszycki, Henryk (1979). History of Poland. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers. p. 149\. ISBN 978-83-01-00392-0.
85. ^ a b Spieralski 1967, p. 112.
86. ^ a b Kosienkowski, Marcin (2012-12-01). Spotkania polsko-mołdawskie: Księga poświęcona pamięci Profesora Janusza Solaka (in Polish). Episteme. p. 45\. ISBN 978-83-62495-28-3.
87. ^ Koziel 2021, p. 176.
88. ^ Koziel 2021, p. 180-181.
89. ^ Kohn 2013, p. 373.
90. ^ Besala, Jerzy. Wielkie zwycięstwa Rzeczypospolitej. p. 28.
91. ^ Bánlaky, József. Az 1619. évi hadjárat. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme (in Hungarian).
92. ^ Officially neutral but Danish fleet was attacked by Britain at the Battle of Copenhagen.
93. ^ Abolished following the restoration of the neutral Papal States in 1799.
94. ^ Short lived state that replaced the Kingdom of Naples in 1799.
95. ^ Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
96. ^ a b Joined the Confederation of the Rhine on 11 December 1806.
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99. ^ Graham, Bradley (7 April 2003). "U.S. Airlifts Iraqi Exile Force For Duties Near Nasiriyah". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 13 September 2009.
100. ^ Cite error: The named reference `USNewsandworldreport` was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
101. ^ Ephraim Kahana; Muhammad Suwaed (2009). The A to Z of Middle Eastern Intelligence. Scarecrow Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-8108-7070-3. "Coalition aircraft bombed MEK bases during Operation Iraqi Freedom, forcing MEK forces to surrender in May 2003."
102. ^ "Bad decision, badly executed: America's war of choice in Iraq". Australian Strategic Policy Institute. 21 March 2023.
103. ^ "20 years on, was removing Saddam Hussein worth the war in Iraq?". Al Jazeera. 20 March 2023.
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105. ^ "How America Misunderstood Iraqi Politics and Lost the War". Foreign Policy Research Institute. 30 March 2023.
106. ^ https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/poland-withdraws-its-troops-from-afghanistan/

## Further reading

[edit]

* Spieralski, Zdzisław (1967). Awantury Mołdawskie (in Polish). Wiedza Powszechna.
* Gąsowski, Tomasz (1999). Bitwy polskie: leksykon. Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak. ISBN 83-7006-787-5.
* Kozłowski, Eligiusz; Wrzosek, Mieczysław (1984). Historia oręża polskiego 1795–1939. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0339-5.
* Lawson, M. K. (2004). Cnut – England's Viking King (2nd ed.). Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2964-7.
* Nowak, Tadeusz M.; Wimmer, Jan (1981). Historia oręża polskiego 963–1795. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0133-3.
* Reuter, Timothy (1995). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, c.900–c.1024. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 891\. ISBN 9780521364478. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
* Sikorski, Janusz (1972). Zarys historii wojskowości powszechnej do końca wieku XIX. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. OCLC 20835374.
* Winged Hussars, Radoslaw Sikora, Bartosz Musialowicz, BUM Magazine, 2016.
* Włodarski, Bronisław (1927), Polityka ruska Leszka białego, vol. III
* Pashuto, Vladimir (1968), Внешняя политика Руси [The foreign policy of Russia] (in Russian), Moscow: Наука
* Urbańczyk, Przemysław (2017). Bolesław Chrobry - Lew Ryczący (PDF). Toruń. ISBN 9788323138860.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Koziel, Patryk (2021). Wyprawa polska z 1552 roku jako próba odbudowy wpływów politycznych w Mołdawii [The Polish expedition of 1552 as an attempt at reconstruction of political influence in Moldova] (PDF). I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Henryka Sienkiewicza w Kołuszkach.
* Grudziński, Tadeusz (2010). Bolesław Śmiały-Szczodry i biskup Stanisław. Dzieje konfliktu [Bolesław the Bold and Bishop Stanisław. A conflict is taking place] (in Polish). Universitas Press. ISBN 9788324214525.
* Kohn, George Childs (2013). Dictionary of Wars (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis (published 31 October 2013). ISBN 9781135954949.
* Bunar, Piotr; Sroka, Stanisław A. (2004). Słownik wojen, bitew i potyczek w średniowiecznej Polsce [Wars, battles and skirmishes in Medieval Poland] (in Polish). Universitas Press. ISBN 9788370524449.
* Steinhübel, Ján (2020). The Nitrian Principality: The Beginnings of Medieval Slovakia. Brill Publishing (published 15 December 2020). ISBN 9789004438637.
* Wiszewski, Przemysław (2010). Domus Bolezlai: Values and Social Identity in Dynastic Traditions of Medieval Poland (c. 966-1138). Brill Publishing. ISBN 9789004181427.

## Further reading

[edit]

Main articles: Bibliography of the history of Poland and Bibliography of Poland during World War II

* v
* t
* e

Polish wars and conflicts

General and related|

* Early modern warfare
* History of the Polish Army
* History of Polish intelligence services
* List of wars involving Poland
* Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
* Polish Armed Forces
* Warfare in Medieval Poland

Piast Poland|

* Polish–Veletian War
* Battle of Cedynia
* German–Polish War (1003–1018)
* Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
* German–Polish War (1028–1031)
* Miecław's Rebellion
* 1072 war against Bohemia
* Siege of Głogów
* 1146 war against Germany
* 1156 war against Germany
* War of the Galician Succession (1205–1245)
* Galicia–Volhynia Wars

Mongol invasions|

* First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
* Battle of Legnica
* Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
* Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)

Jagiellon Poland|

| Polish–Teutonic wars|

* Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
* Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
* Battle of Płowce
* Great War
* Battle of Grunwald
* Hunger War (1414)
* Gollub War (1422)
* Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
* Thirteen Years' War
* War of the Priests
* Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)

|

* Władysław the White's rebellion
* Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
* Battle of Grotniki
* 1444 war against the Ottomans
* Battle of Varna
* Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
* Battle of Orsha
* Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
* Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland

Commonwealth|

| Polish–Swedish wars|

* Livonian War
* campaign of Stephen Báthory
* Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
* War against Sigismund
* Battle of Stångebro
* Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
* Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
* Battle of Kircholm
* Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
* Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
* Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
* Northern War of 1655–1660
* The Deluge
* Great Northern War

|

* Danzig rebellion
* Battle of Lubieszów
* Siege of Danzig (1577)
* War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
* Battle of Byczyna
* 1589 Tatar Invasion
* Kosiński uprising
* 1593 Tatar Invasion
* Nalyvaiko Uprising
* Moldavian Magnate Wars
* Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
* Battle of Kłuszyn
* Zebrzydowski rebellion
* Thirty Years' War
* Battle of Humenné

Polish–Ottoman wars|

* Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
* Battle of Chocim (1621)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
* Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
* Battle of Chocim (1673)
* Great Turkish War
* War of the Holy League 1683–1699
* Battle of Vienna

* 1624 Tatar Invasion
* Zhmaylo uprising
* Fedorovych uprising
* Smolensk War
* Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
* Pavlyuk uprising
* Ostryanyn uprising
* 1644 Tatar Invasion
* Khmelnytsky Uprising
* Battle of Berestechko
* Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
* War of the Polish Succession
* War of the Bar Confederation
* Polish–Russian War of 1792
* Kościuszko Uprising

Poland partitioned|

* Denisko uprising
* Napoleonic Wars
* Peninsular War
* War of the Fourth Coalition
* Prussian campaign
* War of the Fifth Coalition
* Austro-Polish War
* War of the Sixth Coalition
* French invasion of Russia
* Greater Poland uprising (1848)
* November Uprising
* January Uprising
* World War I
* fighting in Poland on the Eastern Front

Second Republic|

* Polish–Ukrainian War
* Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
* Polish–Czechoslovak War
* First Silesian Uprising
* Polish–Soviet War
* Battle of Warsaw
* Kiev offensive
* Second Silesian Uprising
* Polish–Lithuanian War
* Third Silesian Uprising

World War II in Poland|

* World War II
* Eastern Front
* Invasion of Poland
* Polish history, resistance, and contributions during World War II

Ghetto uprisings|

* Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
* Białystok Ghetto uprising
* Częstochowa Ghetto uprising

* Italian Campaign
* Operation Tempest
* Operation Ostra Brama
* Lwów uprising
* Warsaw Uprising

People's Republic|

* Racibórz Conflict
* Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia

Third Republic|

* War in Afghanistan
* Operation Uphold Democracy
* Iraq War
* 2003 invasion of Iraq
* Occupation of Iraq
* Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Military aid to Ukraine

* v
* t
* e

Lists of wars involving European countries

Sovereign states|

* Albania
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* Armenia
* Austria
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States with limited
recognition|

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