List of wars involving Somalia

Wars involving Somalia

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This is a list of wars involving Somalia in which Somali armed forces participated in after Somalia's independence on the 1st of July 1960.

Somalia defeat
Somalia victory
Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, result unknown or indecisive)
Ongoing conflict
Date  | Conflict  | Allies  | Enemies  | Result

|
|
|
|

1964  | 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War |  Somalia
Supported by:
Egypt[1] |  Ethiopia
Supported by:
United States[2] | Cease-fire

* Return to status quo ante bellum

1977–1978  | Ogaden War |  Somalia
WSLF
Supported by:
Egypt[3]
Saudi Arabia[4][5]
Iraq[5][6] |  Ethiopia
Cuba
Soviet Union
South Yemen[7]
Supported by:
Israel[8][9]
East Germany
North Korea[10] | Defeat[11][12]

* Somalia breaks all ties with the Soviet Bloc (except China and Romania).[13]
* Beginning of the Somali Rebellion

1982  | 1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War |  Somalia
Supported by:
United States |  Ethiopia | Stalemate

* Ethiopian invasion halted[14][15]
* Ethiopia occupies the border towns of Galdogob and Balanbale until 1988[16]
* The United States delivers emergency military and economic aid to Somalia[14][17]

1981/1988/1991 (disputed) – present  | Somali Civil War |  Somalia
United States [18][19]
Supported by:
Italy[20]
Turkey[21]
United Kingdom[22] |  Al-Qaeda

* Al-Shabaab

* * *

Islamic State (from 2015)[23][24]

* Wilayat al Somal

| Ongoing

* De facto independence of Somaliland
* New Government formed in 2012

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Mekonnen, Teferi (2018). "The Nile issue and the Somali-Ethiopian wars (1960s–78)". Annales d'Éthiopie. 32: 271–291. doi:10.3406/ethio.2018.1657.
2. ^ Lefebvre, Jeffrey (1998). "The United States, Ethiopia and the 1963 Somali-Soviet Arms Deal: Containment and the Balance of Power Dilemma in the Horn of Africa". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 36 (4): 611–643. doi:10.1017/S0022278X98002870. JSTOR 161927. S2CID 154644957.
3. ^ Mekonnen, Teferi (2018). "The Nile issue and the Somali-Ethiopian wars (1960s–78)". Annales d'Éthiopie. 32: 271–291. doi:10.3406/ethio.2018.1657.
4. ^ Tareke 2000, p. 656.
5. ^ a b Fitzgerald, Nina J. (2002). Somalia; Issues, History, and Bibliography. Nova Publishers. p. 64\. ISBN 9781590332658.
6. ^ Malovany, Pesach (21 July 2017). Wars of Modern Babylon. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813169453.
7. ^ "Ogaden Area recaptured by Ethiopian Forces with Soviet and Cuban Support -International Ramifications of Ethiopian-Somali Conflict – Incipient Soviet and Cuban Involvement in Ethiopian Warfare against Eritrean Secessionists -Political Assassinations inside Ethiopia". Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives). 1 May 1978.
8. ^ Lefebvre, Jeffrey Alan. Arms for the horn : U.S. Security Policy in Ethiopia and Somalia. University of Pitsburg Press. p. 188.
9. ^ "Arms and Rumors From East, West Sweep Ethiopia". Washington Postt. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
10. ^ "North Korea's Military Partners in the Horn". The Diplomat. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
11. ^ Lapidoth, Ruth (1982). The Read Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 9024725011.
12. ^ Szajkowski, Bogdan (18 June 1981). Marxist Governments_ A World Survey_ Mozambique-Yugoslavia. Springer. p. 656\. ISBN 9781349043323.
13. ^ Gorman 1981, p. 208
14. ^ a b Cowell, Alan (8 October 1982). "Ethiopian Drive Against Somalia Bogs Down". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
15. ^ "Ethiopian and Somali Forces Withdrawn Under Agreement". The New York Times. 26 April 1988.
16. ^ "The History Guy: Ethiopia-Somalia Wars and Conflicts". Retrieved 21 July 2017.
17. ^ "Somalia: Status of the Armed Forces" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. March 1982. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
18. ^ "Al-Shabaab leader's fate unclear after suspected U.S. drone strike". CNN. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
19. ^ "U.S. drone strike in Somalia targets al-Shabab leader". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
20. ^ "US special forces base, Italian army convoy attacked in Somalia". Al Jazeera. 30 September 2019.
21. ^ Liddon, Paul (13 July 2019). "The significance of Turkey's overseas military bases". AhvalNews. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
22. ^ "First British troops arrive in Somalia as part of UN mission". The Guardian. 2 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
23. ^ "ISIL's First East African Affiliate Conducts Attacks in Somalia, Kenya". DefenseNews. December 29, 2015.
24. ^ "Somalia: Pro-ISIL militants, Al Shabaab clash in deadly Puntland infighting". Garowe Online. December 24, 2015. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.

## Sources

[edit]

* Gorman, Robert F. (1981). Political Conflict on the Horn of Africa. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-030-59471-7.
* Tareke, Gebru (2000). "The Ethiopia-Somalia War of 1977 Revisited" (PDF). International Journal of African Historical Studies. 33 (3): 635–667. doi:10.2307/3097438. JSTOR 3097438.

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Lists of wars involving African countries

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States with limited
recognition

* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland

Dependencies and
other territories

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