List of wars involving Sweden

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Part of a series on the

History of Sweden

Prehistoric

* Prehistory (12000 BC–800 AD)
* Viking Age (800–1050)

Early History

* Middle Ages (1050–1397)
* Kalmar Union (1397–1521)
* Early Vasa era (1521–1611)

Great Power

* Emerging Great Power (1611–1648)
* Swedish Empire (1648–1718)

Enlightenment

* Age of Liberty (1718–1772)
* Age of Absolutism (1772–1809)

Liberalization

* Instrument of Government (1809)
* United Kingdoms (1814–1905)
* Industrialization (1866–1914)
* World War I (1914–1918)

Modern History

* Interwar period (1918–1939)
* World War II (1939–1945)
* Postwar period (1945–1967)
* Second half of Cold War (1967–1991)
* Post-Cold War (1991–present)

Topical

* History of the Jews in Sweden
* LGBT history in Sweden
* Military history of Sweden
* Economic history of Sweden

Timeline
Sweden portal

* v
* t
* e

This is a list of wars and war-like conflicts involving Sweden.

Swedish victory
Swedish defeat
Another result *

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Sweden, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

## Kingdom of Sweden (800–1397)

[edit]

Conflict  | Sweden & its Allies  | Sweden's opposition  | Outcome

|
|
|

Swedish–Gothic wars
(500–800)

Location: Sweden

| Svealand | Geats | Consolidation of Swedes and Goths into a unified kingdom.
Swedish slave revolts
(500s)

Location: Sweden

| Svealand | Thralls | Slaves depose the king of Sweden and win their freedom.
Ingvars raid of Estonia
(600s)

Location: Estonia

| Svealand | Estonians | Estonian Victory[1]
Anunds raid of Estonia
(700s)

Location: Estonia

| Svealand | Estonians | Swedish Victory
Battle of Brávellir
(750s)

Location: Brávellir

| Svealand Estonians | Danes (tribe) Wends Geats | Swedish Victory Eastern Geatland falls under Swedish dominion
Paphlagonian expedition of the Rus' | Rus'/Swedish Vikings | Byzantine Empire | Successful raid
Swedish expedition to Courland (854) | Sweden | Curonians | Swedish victory
Swedish raids in the Mediterranean Sea (859)

Location: Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Italy Luni, Italy

| Swedes (Germanic tribe) | Islamic Spain
Carolingian Empire | Swedish victory[2][3]
Swedish expedition to Courland (862) | Sweden | Curonians | Swedish victory
Swedish wars of conquest in Eastern Europe
(850s-870)

Location: Eastern Europe

| Swedes (Germanic tribe) | Slavs
Curonians
Semigallians
Finnic peoples.  | Swedish victory establishment of control over the Route from the Varangians to the Greeks and Starya Ladoga route.
Great Heathen Army (865–878)  | Vikings

* Swedes
* Danes
* Norwegians

| Wessex Northumbria Mercia East Anglia | Swedes, Norwegians and Danes under Ragnar Lodbrok sons occupies England and establishes the Danelaw
Caspian expeditions of the Rus' (913–1041)  |

* Kievan Rus
* Swedes

| Khazars Abbasid Caliphate | Swedes establish trade routes
Olof the Brashs conquest of Denmark
(900s)

Location: Denmark

| Swedes (Germanic tribe) | Denmark | Swedish victory
Feud of the Sviatoslavichi
(970s)

Location: Kievan Rus

| Vladimir the Great

* Sweden
* Veliky Novgorod

| Oleg's coalition

* Drevlians

Yaropolk's coalition

* Kiev
* Polotsk

| Vladimir the Great victorious
Jomsviking–Swedish War
(980s)

* Battle of Fýrisvellir

Location: Uppsala

| Sweden | Jomsviking | Swedish Victory [4]
Eric the Victorious invasion of Denmark (990s)

Location: Hedeby Baltic Sea

| Sweden | Denmark | Swedish Victory [5]

[6]

Swedish invasion of the Holy Roman Empire
(990s)  | Sweden
Denmark | Holy Roman Empire | Unclear results[7]
Olof Skötkonungs attack on Denmark

Location: In Denmark

| Sweden | Denmark | Swedish victory

* Denmark is occupied by Olof
* Sweyn Forkbeard is expelled

Viking expedition to Wendland

Location: In Wendland

| Sweden | Wends | Successful expedition
Battle of Svolder
(999–1000)

Location: In Øresund or near Rügen

| Sweden
Denmark
Jarls of Lade | Norway | Swedish victory
Swedish Norwegian war
(1015–1018)

* Battle of Nesjar
(1016)

| Sweden | Norway | Norwegian victory[8]
Battle of Helgeå

Location: In Helge å or in Uppland

| Sweden
Norway | North Sea Empire
Kingdom of England | Anglo-Danish victory
Battle of Stiklestad

Location: In Stiklestad

| Sweden Olaf II of Norway | North Sea Empire
| Anglo-Danish victory
Swedish support for Magnus invasion of Norway (1035)

Location: In Øresund or near Rügen

| Sweden Magnus the Good | North Sea Empire | Swedish victory Magnus the Good becomes king of Norway defeats the Danish forces
(1042) Ingvar the Far-Travelleds expedition

* Battle of Sasireti

Location: Georgia (country)

| Varangians

Kingdom of Georgia

|  Byzantine Empire

Duchy of Kldekari

| Swedish defeat
Yaroslav the Wise and Mstislav of Chernigovs civil war

Battle of Listven (1024) Location: Ukraine Russia

| Kievan Rus'

Varangians

| Mstislav of Chernigov | Swedish defeat
Swedish–Norwegian War (1063)

Location: Vänern

| Sweden | Kingdom of Norway | Swedish defeat
Swedish–Norwegian War (1099–1101)

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Norway | Inconclusive
First Swedish Crusade
(1150)

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Finns | Eventual incorporation of Southwest Finland into the Swedish kingdom
Sweyn III's invasion of Småland (1153)  | Sweden | Denmark | Invasion failed
Harald Skraengs uprising (1182)  | Harald Skraeng
Sweden | Denmark | Uprising quelled
Pillage of Sigtuna
(1187)

Location: Sigtuna

| Sweden | Pagans from Eastern Baltic
(probably Estonians or Karelians)  | Sigtuna is sacked. Archbishop Johannes of Uppsala is killed.
Battle of Lihula (1220)

Location: Lihula, Estonia

| Sweden | Oeselians

Rotalians

| Death of Karl the Deaf
Värmland campaign
(1225/1249)[9]

Location: Värmland

| Sweden | Norway | Peace of Lödöse
Öselborn's attack on Sweden
(1226)[10]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Öselborn's  | The Öselborn's take plunder and hostages
Attack on Tavastia
(1227–1228)[11]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Novgorod | Indecisive
Battle of Olustra (1229)[12]

Location: Södermanland or Östergötland

| Eric XI | Knut Långe | Victory for Knut Långe

* Knut Långe is crowned King of Sweden

Eric XI's reinstatement war
(1234)[13]

Location: Unknown

| Eric XI

* Possibly supported by an army from Denmark

| Knut Långe | Victory for Eric XI

* Eric XI regains the throne
* Death of Knut Långe

Livonian Crusade
(13th century)

Location: Estonia, Latvia

| Crusade

* Sword-Brothers
* Livonian Order
* Denmark
* Duchy of Estonia
* Principality of Rügen
* Nordalbingia within Saxony
* Bishopric of Riga
* Bishopric of Dorpat
* Sweden
* Tālava
* Christianized Livs, Letts, Estonians, Latgalians and Ungannians
* Bishopric of Courland
* Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek

Pskov Republic

| Pagans (Indigenous peoples)

* Livs (Livonians)
* Latgalians
* Curonians
* Estonians
* Oeselians
* Selonians
* Semigallians
* Rotalians
* Ungannians
* Vends

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

* Samogitians

* Novgorod Republic
* Principality of Polotsk
* Principality of Smolensk

| Crusader victory. However, the Swedish expedition ended in disaster
Tavastian uprising
(1236–1237)

Location: Finland

| Sweden | Tavastians
Novgorod
Karelians | Uprising crushed

* Swedish influence in Finland is preserved

Battle of Neva (1240)  | Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Tavastians | Novgorod Republic and Karelians | Novgorodian victory.
First Folkung Uprising
(1247)[14]

Location: Sweden

| Sweden | Folkung | Victory of the Swedish king
Second Swedish Crusade
(1249–1250)

Location: Finland

| Sweden | Tavastians | Area of Tavastians and south-western Finland fall to Swedish rule, Häme Castle is founded

## Folkung era (1250–1389)

[edit]

Conflict  | Sweden & its allies  | Sweden's opposition  | Outcome

|
|
|

Second Folkung Uprising
(1251)[15]

Location: Sweden

| Sweden | Folkung

* Danes
* Germans

| Swedish victory

* Filip Knutsson captured and executed

Campaign against Narva
(1256–1257)[16]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden

* Tavastians
* Finns
* "Didman"

| Novgorod | Neither side achieved much success
The war against Valdemar Birgersson
(1275)

* Battle of Hova

| Valdemar's Forces  | Duke Magnus's Forces  | Valdemar, King of Sweden is deposed
Magnus Ladulås is crowned king of Sweden.
6000 mark war
(1276–1278)  | Sweden | Denmark | Danish victory

* Sweden agrees to pay a reduced amount of 4000 marks to Denmark.

Third Folkung Uprising
(1278–1280)[17]

Location: Sweden

| Sweden | Folkung | Victory of the Swedish king

* Insurgents captured
* One of the leaders is fined while two others are executed.

Ladoga Campaign
(1283–1284)[18]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Novgorod | Indecisive
War in Gotland (1288)

Location: Gotland

| Visby | Gotland | Victory for Visby
Swedish campaign against the Karelians and Izhorians
(1292)

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Karelians
Izhorians | Swedish defeat[19]
Third Swedish Crusade
(1293–1295)

Location: Finland

| Sweden | Karelians
Novgorod republic | Swedish victory

* Swedish border expands eastwards

Neva Campaign
(1300–1301)[20]

Location: Neva river

| Sweden | Novgorod | Landskrona captured by Novgorod
Swedish Brother's Feud (1304–1310)

Location: Sweden

| Birger Magnusson | Duke Eric and Valdemar | Victory for Birger Magnusson, death of Valdemar and Duke Eric
War on Gotland
(1313)[21]

Location: Gotland

| Sweden | Gotland | Gutes agree to pay an increased tax to the Swedish king.
Tavastian war
(1311–1314)[22]

Location: Tavastia

|  Sweden | Novgorod Republic | Indecisive
Uprisings in Hälsingland and Småland
(1316–1317)[23]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Rebels in Hälsingland and Småland  | Insurgents lose their property after a verdict by King Birger
Attack on Åbo
(1318)[24]

Location: Åbo

| Sweden | Novgorod Republic | Novgorodians burn the outskirts of Åbo
War of Deposition against Birger Magnusson
(1317–1319)[25]

Location: Sweden

| Birger Magnusson | Insurgents loyal to the Dukes Valdemar and Erik  | Birger is deposed
Kexholm war
(1321–1323)[26]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Novgorod | Treaty of Nöteborg
Swedish–Novgorodian Wars
(1142–1323)

Location: Finland

|  Sweden

Norway (1319–1323)

| Novgorod Republic | Treaty of Nöteborg (1323)
Campaign against Ingeborg
(1323)[27]

Location: Sweden

| Swedish-Norwegian Union | Ingeborg of Norway | Peace of Skara

* Ingeborg is forced to exchange Axvall for the unfortified Dåvö in Västmanland

Mats Kettilmundssons war against Reval
(1325–1326)[28]

Location: Unknown

| Swedish-Norwegian Union (Mats Kettilmundsson)  | Reval | Mats Kettilmundsson dies before any confrontations take place, peace signed in 31 May 1326
Sten bielkes war against Novgorod
(1338–1339)[29]

Location: Novgorod

| Swedish-Norwegian Union | Novgorod | Peace signed in either August or September 1339.

* Novgorodian strategic failure

Johan Offessons Uprising
(1339)[30]

Location: Sweden

| Swedish-Norwegian Union | Johan Offesson  | Lindholm Castle is destroyed, and Johan is forced to give Skytts and Oxie to the king
Kalundborg War
(1341–1343)[31]

Location: Sweden

| Swedish-Norwegian Union

Holstein

| Denmark

Lübeck
Rostock
Hamburg
Stralsund
Wismar
Greifswald

| Swedish-Norwegian victory

* Valdemar IV admits his sale of Scania, Blekinge, and Halland to Sweden-Norway
* Copenhagen Castle is given back to Denmark

Saint George's Night Uprising (1343–1345)[32]

Location: Unknown

| Swedish-Norwegian Union
Estonians | Denmark
Teutonic Order | Indecisive

* Swedish-Norwegian troops plunder Reval
* Estonian uprising crushed

Magnus's war against Russia
(1348–1351)[33]

Location: Unknown

| Swedish-Norwegian Union | Novgorod | Truce of Dorprat

* Swedish-Norwegian success in the beginning
* Swedish-Norwegian failure to keep Nöteborg

Campaign between Magnus and his son
(1356–1359)[34]

Location: Unknown

| Magnus IV | Eric  | According to the arbitration in Jönköping, Sweden is divided between Magnus and Erik, this ends after Eric's death in 1359
Valdemar Atterdags reconquest of Scania
(1360)[35]

Location: Scania

| Swedish-Norwegian Union | Denmark | Denmark conquers all of Scania
Valdemar Atterdags conquest of Gotland
(1361)[36]

Location: Gotland

| Swedish-Norwegian Union | Denmark | Denmark conquers Gotland
Danish-Hanseatic War (1361–1370)

Location: Northern Germany, Scandinavia, and the Baltic Sea

First phase (1361–1365)

* Hanseatic League
* Gotland
* Lubeck
* Stralsund
* Kingdom of Norway
* Kingdom of Sweden

Second phase (1367–1370)

* Confederation of Cologne
* Towns in Holland
* Towns in Zeeland
* Hanseatic League
* Towns in Prussia
* Towns in Livonia
* Lubeck
* Stralsund
* Rostock
* Teutonic Order
* Kingdom of Sweden
* County of Holstein
* Duchy of Mecklenburg
* Danish Noble Rebels

| First phase (1361–1365)

Kingdom of Denmark Second phase (1367–1370)

Kingdom of Denmark

Kingdom of Norway

| First phase: Danish victory

Second phase: Hanseatic victory

Hanseatic League gains control over several forts in Scania

War of deposition against Magnus
(1363–1371)[37]

Location: Unknown

| Magnus IV

Haakon VI

| Albert of Mecklenburg | Albert becomes king of Sweden
Swedish involvement in the Danish war of succession
(1379–1381)[38]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Denmark | Truce signed in 1381
Invasion of Scania
(1384)[39][40]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Denmark | Truce likely signed in 1384

* Temporary capture of Laholm by Sweden, followed by subsequent retreat

War of deposition against Albrekt of Mecklenburg[41]
(1388–1395)  | Sweden | Denmark | Margaret I becomes regent
Attack on Jama[42]
(1395)  | Sweden
Kalmar Union | Novgorod Republic | Indecisive
Northern Ladoga Campaign[43]
(1396)  | Sweden
Kalmar Union | Novgorod Republic | Indecisive

## Union of Kalmar (1397–1521)

[edit]

Conflict  | Sweden & its Allies  | Sweden's opposition  | Outcome

|
|
|

Campaign against the Victual Brothers[44]
(1395–1398)  | Sweden
Kalmar Union | Victual Brothers | The Victual Brothers surrender their fortresses in Sweden
War in Gotland (1398) |  Sweden
Kalmar Union |  Teutonic Order | Gotland is conquered by the Teutonic Order
Campaign against Knut Bosson Grip[45]
(1398)  | Sweden
Kalmar Union | Knut Bosson Grip  | Grip surrenders his Finnish fortresses to the crown.
Novgorod's attack in the north
(1399)[46]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden
Kalmar Union | Novgorodian Republic | Indecisive
War in Gotland (1403–1404)

Location: Unknown

| Sweden
Kalmar Union | Teutonic Order | Teutonic victory
Engelbrekt rebellion
(1434–1436)  | Sweden | Kalmar Union | Swedish victory
Pukefejden
(1436–1437)  | Charles VIII of Sweden | Erik Puke  | Erik Puke is executed
War against the Flemingar
(1437)[47] | Sweden | Flemingar  | Indecisive
Rebellion in Östergötaland
(1437)[48]

Location: Östergötland

| Sweden | Rebels in Östergötaland  | Uprising crushed
Värmland rebellion
(1437–1438)[49]

Location: Värmland

| Sweden | Rebels in Värmland  | Uprising crushed
David's Rebellion
(1438–1439)  | Sweden | Tavastian insurgents  | Uprising quelled
Karl Knutssons campaign against Eric of Pomerania
(1439–1440)[50] | Sweden | Eric of Pomerania | The remaining fortresses loyal to Eric fall
Karl Knutssons campaign against Novgorod
(1444)[51] | Sweden | Novgorodian Republic | Swedish victory
War in Gotland
(1446)[52] | Sweden
Kalmar Union | Eric of Pomerania | Indecisive
Novgorods war against Karl Knutsson
(1448)[53] | Sweden | Novgorodian Republic | Indecisive
War on Gotland (1448–1449)  |  Sweden |  Eric of Pomerania
Denmark | Swedish failure
War for Norway (1448–1451)  |  Sweden |  Denmark | Danish victory
Karl Knutssons war against Denmark
(1449–1457)[54] | Sweden | Denmark | Christian I fails to retake the Swedish throne
War of Deposition against Karl Knutsson
(1457)[55] | Sweden | Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna | Christian I becomes King of Sweden
Battle of Haraker
(1464)  | Sweden | Denmark | Karl Knutsson regains the throne
Second War of deposition against Karl Knutsson
(1464–1465)[56] | Sweden | Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna | Jöns Bengtsson takes power
War of depositon against Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
(1466–1467)[57]

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden | Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
Denmark | Karl Knutsson retakes the throne
Dano-Swedish War
(1468–1469)[58]

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden |  Denmark | Christian I fails to retake the throne
Erik Karlsson Vasa's Uprising
(1469–1470)[59]

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden |  Erik Karlsson Vasa  | Uprising crushed
Dano-Swedish War
(1469–1470)[60]

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden |  Denmark | Christian I fails to retake the throne
Dano-Swedish War (1470–1471)
(1470–1471)

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden |  Denmark | Swedish Victory
First campaign to Livonia
(1473–1475)[61]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Teutonic Order | Indecisive
Tott's first Russian war
(1475―1476)[62]

Location: Finland

| Sweden | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Truce in December 1475 or early 1476
Second campaign to Livonia
(1478)[63]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Teutonic Order | Indecisive

* Swedish military failure

Tott's second Russian war
(1479–1482)[64]

Location: Finland

| Sweden | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Truce in Novgorod 17 January 1482

* Russian raids around Nyslott
* Swedish raids 120 km into Russian territory.

Third campaign to Livonia
(1485–1486/1488)[65]

Location: Unknown

| Sweden | Teutonic Order | Indecisive, peace signed in 1488.
Sten Sture's war against the Totts
(1487)[66]

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden |  Tott | Tott family's power is reduced
Gotland falls into Danish control
Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497)
(1495–1497)[67]

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Swedish victory
Battle of Rotebro
(1497)  |  Sweden |  Denmark | Danish victory

* King John becomes king of Sweden

Border conflict at Nyslott
(1499)

Location: Nyslott

|  Sweden | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Swedish Victory

* Russian attacks repelled

War of Deposition against King Hans
(1501–1503)

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden |  Denmark | Swedish Victory

* King Hans deposed as king of Sweden

Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512)
(1501–1512)

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden
Norwegian rebels
(1501–1504)
Free City of Lübeck
(1509–12) |  Kalmar Union

* Denmark
* Norway

| Treaty of Malmö:

* Sweden and Lübeck agree to pay contribution to Denmark
* Sweden preserves its independence

Dano-Swedish War (1512–1520)
(1512–1520)

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden |  Kalmar Union

* Denmark
* Norway

| Surrender of Stockholm:

* Kristian II is elected King of Sweden and the Kalmar Union temporarily resurrected
* Stockholm Bloodbath

Swedish War of Liberation
(1521–23)[67]

Location: Scandinavia

|  Sweden
Free City of Lübeck
(from 1522) |  Kalmar Union

* Denmark
* Norway

| Kingdom of Sweden proclaims independence

## Vasa era (1523–1611)

[edit]

Conflict  | Sweden & its Allies  | Sweden's opposition  | Outcome

|
|
|

Count's Feud
(May 1534 – 29 July 1536)[67]

Location: Denmark

| Christian III (Protestants)
Schleswig
Holstein
Sweden
Duchy of Prussia
Jutland
Funen
Supported by:
Norwegian nobles[68]
Duchy of Guelders
| Christian II (Catholics)
County of Oldenburg
Free City of Lübeck
Scania
Malmö
Copenhagen
Zealand
Supported by:
Norwegian nobles[69]
Habsburg Netherlands | Victory for Christian III and the Danish Protestants.
Möre uprising
(1536)

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden | Rebels led by Jon Andersson  | Peasant uprising defeated
Dacke War
(1542–1543)

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden | Rebels led by Nils Dacke | Peasant uprising defeated
Lappvesi Peasant Revolt
(1551–1553)  | Sweden | Karelian insurgents  | Uprising quelled
Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
(1554–1557)[67]

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden |  Tsardom of Russia | Disputed
Northern Seven Years' War
(1563–1570)[67]

Location: Scandinavia

|  Sweden |  Denmark-Norway
Free City of Lübeck
Polish–Lithuanian Union[note 1] | Swedish victory against Poland-Lithuania
Dano-Norwegian victory against Sweden
Livonian War
(1558–1583)[67]

Location: Sweden

|  Livonian Confederation
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
(before 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union)
Denmark–Norway

Kingdom of Sweden
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Principality of Transylvania (after 1577)[71]

|  Tsardom of Russia
Qasim Khanate
Kingdom of Livonia | Treaty of Teusina

* Estonia ceded to Sweden

Claus Kurssell's coup (1570–1571)

Location: Reval (Tallinn)

|  Sweden
Supported by

* * *

Reval | Mercenaries  | Revolutionary failure
Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
(1590–1595)[67]

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden |  Tsardom of Russia | Swedish victory
Cudgel War (1596–1597)

Location: Finland

|  Sweden | Finnish rebels  | Nobility victory

* Suppression of the uprising

War against Sigismund
(1598–1599)[67]

Location: Sweden

|  Polish–Swedish union

* Poland
* Sweden

| Swedish separatists  | Separatist victory, Polish-Swedish Union dissolved
Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629)
(1600–1629)[67]

Location: Baltic Sea, Prussia, Latvia, Poland

|  Sweden |  Poland
(Poland-Lithuania)
Holy Roman Empire (1626–1629)  | Truce of Altmark, Livonia ceded to Sweden
De la Gardie campaign
(1609–1610)

Location: Russia

|  Sweden
Tsardom of Russia |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
False Dmitry II | Polish-Lithuanian Victory
Ingrian War
(1610–1617)[67]

Location: Russia

|  Sweden

* * *

Swedish Empire |  Tsardom of Russia | Treaty of Stolbovo, Ingria ceded to Sweden
Kalmar War
(1611–1613)[67]

Location: Scandinavia

|  Sweden

* * *

Swedish Empire |  Denmark-Norway | Treaty of Knäred, Dano-Norwegian victory

## Swedish Empire (1611–1721)

[edit]

Conflict  | Sweden & its Allies  | Sweden's opposition  | Outcome  | Casualties

|
|
|
|

Västbo peasant uprising
(1616)

Location: Småland

|  Sweden |  Peasants and knights  | Uprising quelled  | Unknown
Stockholm riots
(1623)

Location: Stockholm

|  Sweden |  Rioters  | Riots quelled  | Unknown
Jödde Stims uprising (1624)

Location: Småland

|  Sweden |  Småland rebels  | Uprising crushed  | Unknown
Dalecarlian uprising
(1627)[72]

Location: Dalarna

|  Sweden |  Dalecarlian rebels  | Uprising crushed  | Unknown
Thirty Years' War
(1618–1648)[67]

Location: Central Europe

| Anti-Imperial alliance: prior to 1635[note 2]

* Kingdom of Bohemia
* Swedish Empire
* Palatinate
* Savoy
* Transylvania[note 3]
* Dutch Republic
* Denmark–Norway
* Heilbronn League
* Hesse-Kassel
* Brandenburg-Prussia
* Saxony

* * *

Post-1635 Peace of Prague

* France
* Swedish Empire
* Dutch Republic
* Hesse-Kassel

| Imperial alliance prior to 1635[note 4]

* Habsburg Monarchy
* Spanish Empire
* Bavaria
* Catholic League

* * *

Post-1635 Peace of Prague

* Holy Roman Empire
* Spanish Empire
* Denmark–Norway

| Peace of Westphalia | 110 000
Torstenson War
(1643–1645)[67]

Location: Denmark-Norway, Swedish Empire

|  Swedish Empire
Dutch Republic |  Denmark-Norway
Holy Roman Empire | Swedish/Dutch victory

Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)

| Unknown
Siege of Carolusborg
(1652)

Location: Cape Coast Castle

|  Swedish Empire |

Dutch Republic

| Swedish victory  | Unknown
First Bremian War
(1654)[67]

Location: Bremen

|  Swedish Empire |

* Bremen (1654)

| First Stade Recess, Bremen pays homage to Sweden  | Unknown
Capture of Fort Casimir (1654)

Location: Delaware

|  Swedish Empire |  Dutch Republic | Swedish victory  | Unknown
Jämtland uprising
(1655)[74]

Location: Jämtland

|  Swedish Empire |  Jämtlanders  | Uprising crushed  | Unknown
Conquest of New Sweden (1655)

Location: New Sweden

|  Swedish Empire |  Dutch Republic | Dutch victory  | Unknown
Capture of Carolusborg (1658)

Location: Carolusborg

|  Swedish Empire |

* Denmark-Norway
* Dutch Gold Coast

Fetu Kingdom
Rebellious slaves  | Dano-Norwegian victory  | Entire garrison captured
Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)

Location: Livonia, Finland

|  Swedish Empire |  Russia | Swedish victory  | Unknown
Second Northern War
(1655–1660)[67]

Location: Denmark–Norway, Swedish Empire, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Swedish colonies in North America

|  Swedish Empire
Brandenburg-Prussia (1656–57)
Principality of Transylvania
Ukrainian Cossacks (1657)[75]
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Wallachia
Moldavia |  Poland
(Poland-Lithuania)
Denmark–Norway (1657–60)
Habsburg Monarchy
Moscow Tsardom (1656–58)
Crimean Khanate
Brandenburg-Prussia (1655–56, 1657–60)
Duchy of Courland (1656–58)
Dutch Republic | Swedish victory against Denmark-Norway
Dutch victory in North America
Swedish invasion of Poland-Lithuania unsuccessful  | 70 000
Second Bremian War
(1666)[67]

Location: Bremen

|  Swedish Empire |

* Bremen (1654/66)
* Electorate of Cologne (1666)
* Brunswick-Lüneburg (Celle) (1666)
* Denmark–Norway (1666)
* Electorate of Brandenburg (1666)
* Dutch Republic (1666)

| Treaty of Habenhausen, Conflicting Results  | Unknown
War of Devolution
(24 May 1667 – 2 May 1668)[67]

Location:

* Spanish Netherlands
* Franche-Comté
* Northern Catalonia

|  Spanish Empire

* * *

Triple Alliance:

* Dutch Republic
* Kingdom of England
* Swedish Empire

|  France | Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668)

* Armentières, Bergues, Charleroi, Kortrijk, Douai, Veurne, Lille, Oudenaarde and Tournai to France

| Unknown
Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678)

Location: Low Countries, Rhineland, Italy, France, North Sea, Catalonia, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and East Indies

* France
* England (1672–74)
* Münster (1672–1674)
* Cologne (1672–1674)
* Swedish Empire (from 1674)

* Dutch Republic
* Holy Roman Empire (from 1673)
* Spain (from 1673)
* Brandenburg-Prussia (from 1673)
* Lorraine (from 1673)
* Denmark–Norway (from 1674)
* England (1678)

| Treaties of Nijmegen | Unknown
Scanian War
(1675–1679)[67]

Location: Scandinavia, Europe

|  Swedish Empire
Kingdom of France |  Denmark–Norway
Dutch Republic
Brandenburg-Prussia
Holy Roman Empire | Treaty of Fontainebleau (1679)
Treaty of Lund (1679)
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)

* Sweden restores their territories in Pomerania

| Heavy
Siege of Hamburg (1686)

Location: Hamburg

|  Swedish Empire
Hamburg
Brandenburg-Prussia
Holy Roman Empire |  Denmark–Norway
Kingdom of France | Siege lifted

* Danish withdrawal
* Hamburg pays 300,000 thalers in compensation to Denmark

| Heavy
Nine Years' War
(1688–1697)[67]

Location: Bremen

| Grand Alliance:

* Dutch Republic
* England
* Holy Roman Empire
* Spanish Empire
* Duchy of Savoy
* Portuguese Empire
* Swedish Empire
(until 1691)

|  France[76] | Treaty of Ryswick | Unknown
Great Northern War
(22 February 1700 – 10 September 1721)[67] Location:

*     * Northern Europe
* Central Europe
* Eastern Europe

* Swedish Empire
* Holstein-Gottorp
(1700–20)
* Warsaw Confederation
(1704–09)
* Ottoman Empire
(1710–14)
* Crimean Khanate
(1710–14)
* Wallachia
(1710–14)
* Cossack Hetmanate
(1708–14)
* Dutch Republic (1700)
* England (1700)
* Scotland (1700)
* Ireland (1700)
* Great Britain
(1719–20)

* Tsardom of Russia
* Cossack Hetmanate
* Kalmyk Khanate
* Saxony
(1700–06, 1709–19)
* Duchy of Courland
(1700–01)
* Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
(1701–04, 1709–19)
* Sandomierz Confederation
(1704–09)
* Denmark–Norway
(1700, 1709–20)
* Prussia (1715–20)
* Hanover (1715–19)
* Great Britain
(1717–19)
* Montenegro
(1711–12)
* Moldavia (1711)

| Coalition victory:

* Treaty of Nystad
* Treaties of Stockholm
* Treaty of Frederiksborg
* Treaty of the Pruth

| 200 000

## Age of Liberty (1718–1772)

[edit]

Conflict  | Sweden & its Allies  | Sweden's opposition  | Outcome  | Casualties

|
|
|
|

Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) (Part of the War of the Austrian Succession)[67]

Location: Finland, Russia

|  Sweden |  Russian Empire | Russian victory

* Treaty of Turku

| 7000
Dalecarlian rebellion (1743)
(1743)

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden | Dalecarlian rebels  | Rebellion crushed  | +150
Expedition to the Mediterranean
(1759–1760)[77]

Location: Mediterranean Sea

|  Sweden | Pirates  | Successful expedition  | None
Pomeranian War (13 September 1757 – 22 May 1762)[67]

Location: Swedish Pomerania, Prussian Pomerania, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin

|  Sweden
Russian Empire |  Prussia | Prussian victory
Status quo ante bellum  | A couple thousands
Tunis-Swedish War
(1763)[78]

Location: Mediterranean

|  Sweden |  Tunis
Ottoman Empire (De-jure)  | Inconclusive  | Unknown

## Gustavian era (1772–1809)

[edit]

Conflict  | Sweden & its Allies  | Sweden's opposition  | Outcome  | Casualties

|
|
|
|

Battle of Ibiza
(28–29 February 1780)

Location: coast of Ibiza

|  Swedish Navy | United Kingdom | Swedish victory  | 3
Theatre War
1788–1789

Location: Sweden

|  Sweden

Supported by:

* United Kingdom
* Prussia

|  Denmark–Norway | Status quo ante bellum

* Swedish political and diplomatic victory
* Danish military victory

| 5
Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)[67]

Location: Finland, Baltic Sea, Sweden

|  Sweden |  Russian Empire
Denmark-Norway(1788–1789)[79] | Favourable outcome for Sweden; Status quo ante bellum | 3000
Swedish–Algerian war of 1791–1792 (1791–1792)

Location: Mediterranean

|  Sweden |  Regency of Algiers
Ottoman Empire (De-jure)  | Sweden agrees to pay tribute  | Unknown
First Barbary War
(10 May 1801 – 10 June 1805)[67]

Location: Off the Mediterranean coast of Tripoli; Derna

|  United States
Sweden (1801–02)
Sicily[80][81] |  Tripolitania

Morocco (1802)[82][83]
Ottoman Empire (De-jure)

| Peace Treaty | Unknown
Franco-Swedish War
(31 October 1805 – 6 January 1810)[67]

Location: Swedish Pomerania

* Sweden
* United Kingdom
* Prussia

Co-belligerents:

* Russian Empire
(−1807)
* Austrian Empire
* Saxony

* French Empire
* Spain
* Holland

Co-belligerents:

* Russian Empire
(1808–09)
* Denmark–Norway
(1808–09)

| French victory

* Treaty of Paris

| +6000
Finnish War
(21 February 1808 – 17 September 1809)[67]

Location: Scandinavia

* Sweden

Supported by:

* United Kingdom

* Russian Empire

Co-belligerent:

* Denmark–Norway (The Dano-Swedish War)

Supported by:

* French Empire

| Russian victory

* Treaty of Fredrikshamn

| 7000
Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809
(1808–1809)

Location: Scandinavia

* Sweden

Co-belligerent:

* United Kingdom (Gunboat War)

* Denmark–Norway

Co-belligerent:

* Russian Empire (Finnish War)

Supported by:

* French Empire

| Status quo ante bellum | ~200

## Kingdom of Sweden (1809–present)

[edit]

Conflict  | Sweden & its Allies  | Sweden's opposition  | Outcome  | Casualties

|
|
|
|

Saint-Barthélemy Mutiny
(1810)

Location: Saint Barthélemy

|  Sweden | Mutineers  | Mutinist victory  | Unknown
Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812)[67]

Location: N/A

|  Sweden |  United Kingdom | Status quo ante bellum | None
Dano-Swedish War (1813–1814)

Location: Duchy of Schleswig, Duchy of Holstein

|  Sweden
Russian Empire
Hanover
United Kingdom |  Denmark-Norway | Coalition victory

* Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden
* Sweden cedes Swedish Pomerania to Denmark

| Unknown
War of the Sixth Coalition
(3 March 1813 – 30 May 1814)[67]

Location: Central and Eastern Europe, France, Italy

| Original coalition

* Russia
* Prussia
* United Kingdom
* Mecklenburg-Schwerin
* Portugal
* Sardinia
* Sicily
* Spain
* Sweden

After the Armistice of Pläswitz

* Austria
* Bavaria

After the Battle of Leipzig

* Baden
* Liechtenstein
* Netherlands
* Württemberg

After January 1814

Denmark

|  France

* Duchy of Warsaw[note 5]
* Italy
* Naples

Until January 1814

* Confederation of the Rhine (many member states defected after the Battle of Leipzig)
* Denmark–Norway

| Coalition victory  | Unknown
Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)[67]

Location: Norway

* Sweden

Supported by:

* United Kingdom (naval blockade)

|  Norway | Swedish victory

* Convention of Moss

| 400
Saint-Barthélemy affair (1821)  |  Sweden-Norway |  Pirates

* * *

France | Victory  | None
Invasion of Åland
(1918)

Location: Åland

| Central Powers:
Germany

* * *

Sweden |  Soviet Russia
| Åland Islands dispute | 1
Congo Crisis
5 July 1960 – 25 November 1965

Location: Republic of the Congo

| 1960–1963:
Congo-Léopoldville
Supported by:
Soviet Union (1960)

ONUC[84][85]

* India
* Sweden
* Ireland
* Ethiopia
* Canada
* Malaya
* UAS
* Nigeria
* Argentina
* Australia
* Brazil
* Burma
* Norway
* Denmark
* Ceylon
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Philippines
* Italy
* Liberia
* Morocco
* Tunisia
* Netherlands
* Pakistan
* Sierra Leone
* Sudan
* United Arab Republic
* Yugoslavia

* * *

1964–1965:
Congo-Léopoldville
United States
Belgium
Supported by:
ONUC (1964) | 1960–1963:
Katanga
South Kasai

Supported by:[note 6]

* Belgium
* South Africa
* France
* Portugal
* CAF

* * *

1960–1962:
Congo-Stanleyville
Supported by:
Soviet Union

* * *

1964–1965:
Kwilu and Simba rebels

Supported by:

* Soviet Union
* China
* Cuba

| Victory  | 19
Gulf War (1990–1991) Location:

* Iraq
* Kuwait
* Saudi Arabia
* Persian Gulf
* Israel

|  United States
United Kingdom
France
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
Kuwait
Coalition:

* Sweden

|  Iraq | Allied victory  | None
Operation Deliberate Force
(30 August – 20 September 1995)

Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina

NATO

* France
* Germany
* Italy
* Netherlands
* Spain
* Turkey
* United Kingdom
* United States

* * *

UNPROFOR (Sweden was a part of UNPROFOR)

|  Republika Srpska | Strategic NATO victory

* Bosnian Serbs return to negotiations

| 6 (in accidents)[87]
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

Location: Afghanistan

| ISAF/RS phase (from 2001):
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

ISAF
(2001–2015)

* United States
* United Kingdom
* Canada
* Australia
* Italy
* Germany
* Georgia
* Jordan
* Turkey
* Bulgaria
* Poland
* Romania
* Spain
* Czech Republic
* North Macedonia
* Denmark
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Finland
* France
* Croatia
* Hungary
* Norway
* Lithuania
* Mongolia
* UAE
* Belgium
* Portugal
* Slovakia
* Netherlands
* Montenegro
* Latvia
* Sweden
* Albania
* Ukraine
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Greece
* Ireland
* Iceland
* Estonia
* Malaysia
* Slovenia
* Austria
* Switzerland
* Bahrain
* El Salvador
* Luxembourg
* New Zealand
* South Korea
* Tonga
* Singapore

Resolute Support
(from 2015)[88] | ISAF/RS phase (from 2001):
Taliban

* Islamic Jihad Union[89]
* Haqqani network[90] (from 2002)

al-Qaeda
(al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS))[91]

* * *

Taliban splinter groups

* Fidai Mahaz (from 2013)
* Mullah Dadullah Front (from 2012)[92]
* IEHCA loyal to Muhammad Rasul (from 2015)[93][94]

* * *

Supported by:

* Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin
(until 2016)
* Islamic Jihad Union[95]
(from 2002)
* Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (until 2015)
* Turkistan Islamic Party
* Lashkar-e-Jhangvi[96]
* Pakistani Taliban[97]
* Lashkar-e-Islam
* Iran (allegedly)[98][99]
* Russia (allegedly)[100]
* Pakistan (allegedly)[101][102]
* Saudi Arabia (allegedly)[103]
* China (allegedly)[104]

* * *

RS phase (from 2015):
ISIL–KP[105]
* IMU[106]

| Defeat

* Taliban takeover of Afghanistan

| 5
First Libyan Civil War

Location: Libya

|  Anti-Gaddafi forces

* National Liberation Army
* National Transitional Council
* Islamic Fighting Group
* Anti-Gaddafi tribes[107][108][109][110][111]
* Foreign mercenaries (alleged)[112][113]

Qatar[109][110][111]

* * *

Enforcing UNSC Resolution 1973:

* NATO

NATO members

* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Canada
* Denmark
* France
* Italy
* Netherlands
* Norway[114]
* Portugal
* Romania
* Spain
* Turkey
* United Kingdom
* United States

Other countries

* Jordan[115]
* Sweden
* United Arab Emirates[116]

* * *

Minor border clashes:
Tunisia

* * *

Arms suppliers:

* Egypt[citation needed]
* Moldova[117]
* Switzerland[118]

|  Libyan Jamahiriya

* Libyan Armed Forces
* Paramilitary forces
* Pro-Gaddafi tribes[107][108][119]
* Foreign mercenaries (alleged)[120][121][122][123][124]

| Rebel victory  | None
Mali War
(16 January 2012 – Present)

Location: Northern Mali

|  Government of Mali

* Military of Mali

France
ECOWAS

Full list

* Benin[125]
* Burkina Faso[126]
* Cape Verde[127]
* Gambia[127]
* Ghana[128]
* Guinea[129]
* Guinea-Bissau[127]
* Ivory Coast[129]
* Liberia[130]
* Niger[131]
* Nigeria[132]
* Sierra Leone[133]
* Senegal[132]
* Togo[125]

* * *

Chad[134]
Burundi[135]
Gabon[136]
South Africa[137]
Rwanda[137]
Tanzania[137]
Uganda[138]
China[139]
Germany[140]
Sweden[141]
Estonia[142]
Egypt[143]
United Kingdom[144]

* * *

Supported by:

Full list

* Algeria
* Angola[145]
* Australia[146]
* Bangladesh[147]
* Belgium[148]
* Bulgaria
* Cambodia
* Canada[149][150]
* Comoros[151]
* Czech Republic[152]
* Denmark[153][154]
* European Union[155][156]
* Germany[157][158]
* Hungary[159][160]
* India[161][162][163][164][165]
* Ireland[166]
* Italy[167]
* Japan[168]
* Mauritania
* Morocco
* Namibia[169]
* Nepal
* Netherlands[170]
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania[171]
* Spain[172][173]
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Arab Emirates[174]
* United Kingdom[175]
* United States[176]

* * *

Non-state combatants:
Ganda Iso
FLNA[177][178]
MSA (from 2016)
GATIA (from 2014)

| *  National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
(MNLA)

* Islamic Movement of Azawad
(MIA)[179]

* * *

Al-Qaeda
* Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (2017–present)
* Al-Mourabitoun (2013–17)
* Ansar al-Sharia (2012–present)
* Ansar Dine (2012–17)[180]
* AQIM (2012–17)
* Macina Liberation Front
(2015–17)[181]
* MOJWA (2011–13)[182][183]

Nigerian jihadist volunteers

* Boko Haram (2012–13)[184]
* Ansaru (2012–13)[184]

* * *

Islamic State

* Islamic State in the Greater Sahara

| Withdrawal in 2023[185] | None

## See also

[edit]

* List of Swedish peacekeeping missions
* Realm of Sweden
* Dominions of Sweden
* List of Swedish monarchs
* List of Swedish military commanders
* List of Swedish field marshals
* List of Swedish regiments

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after July 1569.[70]
2. ^ States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635
3. ^ "into line with army of Gabriel Bethlen in 1620"[73]
4. ^ States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635
5. ^ Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.
6. ^ None of the supporters ever officially recognised either of the two states.[86]

## References

[edit]

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ Scandinavians were defeated in a battle in Saaremaa (in Estonian) https://ekspress.delfi.ee/artikkel/32908835/skandinaavlased-said-saaremaal-suures-lahingus-tappa
2. ^ King, Martin (6 September 2022). Blood Is Thicker than War: Brothers and Sisters on the Front Lines. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781637583531. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023 - via Google Books.
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4. ^ Thunberg, Carl L. (2012). Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation). Retrieved 5 January 2021.
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6. ^ Erik Segersäll (1953) Sture Bolin. https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=15407 Archived 1 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine
7. ^ Adam av Bremen (1984) pp. 87–8 (Book II, Chapters 31–32).
8. ^ "Jämtlands och Härjedalens historia". www.tacitus.nu. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
9. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 55\. ISBN 9189080262.
10. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 57\. ISBN 9189080262.
11. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 59\. ISBN 9189080262.
12. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 61\. ISBN 9189080262. Online at Pennan & Svärdet (archived)
13. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 63\. ISBN 9189080262.
14. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 71\. ISBN 9189080262.
15. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 77\. ISBN 9189080262.
16. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 81\. ISBN 9189080262.
17. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 91\. ISBN 9189080262.
18. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 93\. ISBN 9189080262.
19. ^ "The Chronicle of Novgorod" (PDF). London Offices of the Society, 1914. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
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21. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 118\. ISBN 9189080262.
22. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 115\. ISBN 9189080262.
23. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 119\. ISBN 9189080262.
24. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 127\. ISBN 9189080262.
25. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 121\. ISBN 9189080262.
26. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 129–131\. ISBN 9189080262.
27. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 135\. ISBN 9189080262.
28. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 137\. ISBN 9189080262.
29. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 143\. ISBN 9189080262.
30. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 145\. ISBN 9189080262.
31. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 147–149\. ISBN 9189080262.
32. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 151\. ISBN 9189080262.
33. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 153–155\. ISBN 9189080262.
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35. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 161\. ISBN 9189080262.
36. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 165\. ISBN 9189080262.
37. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 173–178\. ISBN 9189080262.
38. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 188\. ISBN 9189080262.
39. ^ Sweden (1883). Sverges traktater med Främmande magter jemte andra dit hörande handlingar (in Swedish). P.A. Norstedt.
40. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 189\. ISBN 9189080262.
41. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 191\. ISBN 9189080262.
42. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 205\. ISBN 9189080262.
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### Bibliography

[edit]

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* Olson, James S.; Roberts, Randy (2008). Where the Domino Fell: America and Vietnam 1945–1995 (5th ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-8222-5.

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