List of wars involving Thailand

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Remove entries not meeting article criteria. Please help improve this article if you can. (December 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Thailand, its predecessor states, and by Siamese people, from antiquity to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Thailand by the Thai military.

Thai victory
Thai defeat
Another result
Ongoing conflict

## Sukhothai Kingdom

[edit]

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results

|
|
|

Sukhothai-Champa War (1313)[1]

Location: Champa

The Sukhothai Kingdom at its greatest extent during the late 13th century under the reign of King Ram Khamhaeng | Sukhothai Kingdom | Kingdom of Champa

Trần dynasty

| Champa defensive victory

## Ayutthaya Kingdom

[edit]

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results

|
|
|

Ayutthaya–Lan Na War
(1441–1474)[2]

Location: Northern Ayutthaya, Southern Lan Na[3][full citation needed]

Places listed in the Thai epic Yuan Phai, chronicling the conflict during c. 1474/75 |  Ayutthaya Kingdom[4][full citation needed] |  Kingdom of Lanna[4][5] | Stalemate[5]
Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549)

Location: Upper Tenessarim coast, western and central Siam

Painting by Prince Narisara Nuvadtivongs, depicting Queen Suriyothai (center) on her elephant putting herself between King Maha Chakkraphat (right) and the Viceroy of Prome (left). |  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  Toungoo dynasty | Siamese defensive victory

* The Burmese command decided to withdraw
* Burma claims to regain Upper Tenasserim down to Tavoy (Dawei)

Burmese–Siamese War (1563–1564)

Location: Ayutthaya, Phitsanulok, Sukhothai

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  Toungoo dynasty
Vassal Lan Na
Vassal Sukhothai | Burmese victory

* Ayutthaya becomes a Burmese vassal state

Burmese–Siamese War (1568–1569)

Location: Ayutthaya, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet and Lan Xang

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom
Kingdom of Lan Xang |  Toungoo dynasty
Vassal Sukhothai | Burmese victory

* Ayutthaya remains a Burmese vassal state

Burmese–Siamese War (1584–1593)

Location: Ayutthaya Kingdom and lower Tanintharyi Region

Elephant duel between Naresuan and Mingyi Swa during the Battle of Nong Sarai as wall murals in Phra Ubosot, Wat Suwan Dararam, Ayutthaya, Thailand. |  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  Toungoo dynasty | Siamese victory

* Siam regains independence
* Siam regains the lower Tanintharyi Region as far as Dawei

Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)

Location: Cambodia

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  Cambodia Kingdom | Siamese victory

* Siamese sack of Longvek

Burmese–Siamese War (1593–1600)

Location: Southern and Central Myanmar

King Naresuan entered Pegu, mural painting by Phraya Anusatchitrakon, Wat Suwandararam, Ayutthaya. |  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  Toungoo dynasty | Siamese victory

* Siamese controlled the entire Tenasserim coast
* Lan Na becomes Siamese vassal from 1602 to 1614

Burmese–Siamese War (1609–1622)

Location: Upper Tenasserim coast

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  Toungoo dynasty | Burmese victory

* Burma regains upper Tenasserim coast to Tavoy
* Burma regains Lan Na

Spanish-Siam War

(1624–1636)[6][7][8]

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom

Dutch East India Company

|  Iberian Union

* Crown of Castile
* Spanish East Indies
* Council of Portugal
* Macau
* Goa
* Malacca

| Siamese victory

* Dutch hegemony on Southeast Asia
* 150 Spaniards killed

Burmese–Siamese War (1662–1664)

Location: Northern Siam and Tenasserim coast

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  Toungoo dynasty | Inconclusive

* Burma defends upper Burma
* Status quo ante bellum

Burmese–Siamese War
(1675–1676)

Location: Tenasserim coast

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  Toungoo dynasty | Military stalemate

* Burma defends upper Tenasserim coast
* Siam defeats counter Burmese invasion

Anglo-Siamese War
(1687–1688)

Location: Mergui and Coromandel coast

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  England
East India Company | Inconclusive

* East India Company fails to blockade the port of Mergui
* The ports of Siam were closed to East India Company vessels until 1708
* The East India had resumed trade using foreign-flagged vessels as early as 1705

Siege of Bangkok
(June 1688 - November 13, 1688)

Location: Bangkok, Thailand

Siege of the French fortress in Bangkok by the Siamese revolutionary forces of Phetracha in 1688. |  Ayutthaya Kingdom
Supported by:
: Dutch East India Company |  Kingdom of France
French East India Company | Decisive Siamese victory

* French negotiated retreat

Burmese–Siamese War
(1700–1701)

Location: Ayutthaya Kingdom

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  Toungoo dynasty | Siamese defensive victory

* Siam defeats Burmese invasion

Siamese–Vietnamese War (1717)[9][10]

Location: Cambodia

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom | Nguyễn lords | Siamese victory

* Siam gains suzerainty of Cambodia
* Vietnam annexes several border provinces of Cambodia

Burmese–Siamese War (1759–1760)

Location: Tenasserim, Siam

Siege of the French fortress in Bangkok by the Siamese revolutionary forces of Phetracha in 1688. |  Ayutthaya Kingdom |  Konbaung dynasty | Inconclusive

* Burma captures the Tennasserim coast down to Tavoy–Mergui frontier

Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767)

Location: Tenasserim coast, Gulf of Siam coast, Suphanburi, Ayutthaya

|  Ayutthaya Kingdom | Konbaung dynasty | Burmese victory

* End of Ayutthaya Kingdom

## Thonburi Kingdom

[edit]

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Notable battles

|
|
|
|

Thonburi reunification of Siam (1767–1771)
[11][12]

Location: Siam

|  State of Thonburi (Thonburi Kingdom)  | State of Phimai
State of Phitsanulok
State of Sawangburi
State of Nakhon Si Thammarat
Principality of Banteay Mas
Konbaung dynasty (Burma) | Thonburi victory

* Thonburi reunification of Siam following the fall of the Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1767

Siamese–Vietnamese War (1771–1773)[13][14]

Location: Cambodia, Southern Vietnam

Map of Indochina in 1760 |  Thonburi Kingdom | Nguyễn Lords
Cambodia Kingdom
Hà Tiên polity | Siamese victory |
Burmese–Siamese War (1775-1776)

Location: Northern and central Siam, Lan Na

|  Thonburi Kingdom |  Konbaung dynasty | Siamese victory

* The Burmese loss of southern Lan Na later proved to be the end of their 200 years rule.
* Siam gains control of Chiang Mai, Lampang, Lamphun

* Battle of Bangkaeo (1775)

Lao–Siamese War (1778–1779)

Location: Khorat Plateau

|  Thonburi Kingdom
Kingdom of Luang Phrabang
Cambodia Kingdom |  Kingdom of Vientiane
Kingdom of Champasak | Siamese victory

* Lao kingdoms of Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak came under Siamese suzerainty.

## Rattanakosin Kingdom

[edit]

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Notable battles

|
|
|
|

Siamese–Vietnamese War (1784–1785)

Location: Rạch Gầm River and Xoài Mút River, Southern Vietnam

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom
Cambodia Kingdom
Nguyễn lords
Hà Tiên Protectorate | Tây Sơn | Decisive Tây Sơn Victory |
Burmese–Siamese War (1785–1786)

Location: Western Siam

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom |  Konbaung dynasty | Siamese victory

* Siam gains control of Chiang Mai and Lanna

* Tha Din Daeng Campaign (1786)

Tavoy campaign (1788)

Location:Tenasserim Coast

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom |  Konbaung dynasty | Burmese defensive victory |
Burmese–Siamese War (1792–1794)

Location:Tenasserim Coast

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom |  Konbaung dynasty | Burmese defensive victory |
Burmese–Siamese War (1797–1798)

Location: Lanna Kingdom, Northern Thailand

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom
Lanna Kingdom
Kingdom of Vientiane |  Konbaung dynasty | Siamese victory |
Burmese–Siamese War (1802–1805)

Location: Lanna Kingdom, Northern Thailand

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom
Lanna Kingdom
Kingdom of Vientiane |  Konbaung dynasty | Siamese victory

* Siam gains control of Chiang Saen

Burmese–Siamese War (1809–1812)

Location: Phuket

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom |  Konbaung dynasty | Siamese victory

* Siam successfully defends Phuket from a Burmese invasion
* Tenasserim Coast is depopulated

Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812)

Location: Cambodia, Southern Vietnam

|  Cambodian pro-Siamese faction
Rattanakosin Kingdom |  Cambodian pro-Vietnamese faction
Nguyễn dynasty | Cambodian pro-Vietnamese faction victory

Vietnamese forces restore Ang Chan to the Cambodian throne

Siamese invasion of Kedah
(1821)

Location: Kedah

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom |  Kedah Sultanate | Siamese victory

* Exile of Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II[15]
* Imposition of direct Siamese rule on Kedah
* Start of the Kedahan resistance[16]

First Anglo-Burmese War
(1824-1826)

Location: Burma, East Bengal, Manipur

The storming of one of the principal stockades, near Yangon (Rangoon), 8 July 1824 |  British Empire

* East India Company
* Supported by:
Rattanakosin Kingdom[17][18]

|  Konbaung dynasty

| Siamese-allied victory

* Treaty of Yandabo
* Beginning of British rule in Burma
* Burma cedes Manipur and Tenasserim to Britain

Lao rebellion (1826–1828)

Location: Central Laos

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom |  Kingdom of Vientiane
Kingdom of Champasak
Military support:
Nguyễn dynasty[a] | Siamese victory |
Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–1835)

Location: Cambodia, Southern Vietnam

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom | Nguyễn dynasty | Vietnamese victory

* Cambodia becomes a vassal state of Vietnam

Cambodian rebellion (1840)

Location: Cambodia, Cochinchina

|  Khmer anti-Vietnamese rebels
Support:
Rattanakosin Kingdom | Nguyễn dynasty | Siamese-allied Victory

Siamese intervention
Cambodia independence from Vietnam
Cambodia came under joint Siamese-Vietnamese suzerainty

Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845)

Location: Cambodia, Southern Vietnam

A map showing the movement of Vietnamese troops (from June to December 1845) in Vietnam-Siamese War (1841–1845). |  Rattanakosin Kingdom
Khmer anti-Vietnamese rebels | Nguyễn dynasty | Stalemate

* Cambodia came under joint Siamese-Vietnamese suzerainty

Burmese–Siamese War (1849–1855)

Location: Kengtung, Trans-Salween region

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom |  Konbaung dynasty | Burmese defensive victory |
Haw wars
(1865–1890)

Location: Eastern Cambodia,

A Siamese army during Haw wars in 1865 |  Rattanakosin Kingdom

* Luang Phrabang

|  Haw Rebels (Red flag and Striped flag bands)  | Siamese victory |
Franco-Siamese conflict
(1893)

Location: French Indochina, Siam

French ships Inconstant and Comète under fire in the Paknam incident, 13 July 1893 |  Kingdom of Siam |  French Republic

* French Indochina

| French victory;

* Land on east bank of the Mekong ceded to French Indochina

* Paknam incident (1893)

Ngiao rebellion(1902)

Location: Phrae

|  Rattanakosin Kingdom | Shan (Ngiao) rebels | Siamese victory |
World War I
(1917-1918)

Location: Europe (Decapitation Boonpeng 1919)

(Clockwise from the top)

* The aftermath of shelling during the Battle of the Somme * Mark V tanks cross the Hindenburg Line * HMS Irresistible sinks after hitting a mine in the Dardanelles * A British Vickers machine gun crew wears gas masks during the Battle of the Somme * Albatros D.III fighters of Jagdstaffel 11

| Allied Powers:

* France
* British Empire
* Russia (1914–17)
* Serbia
* Belgium
* Montenegro
* Japan
* Italy (1915–18)
* United States (1917–18)
* Romania (1916–18)
* Portugal (1916–18)
* Hejaz (1916–18)
* Brazil (1917–18)
* China (1917–18)
* Greece (1917–18)
* Siam (1917–18)
* ... and others

| Central Powers:

* German Empire
* Austria-Hungary
* Ottoman Empire
* Bulgaria (1915–18)
* ... and co-belligerents

| Siamese-allied victory

* Central Powers victory on the Eastern Front nullified by defeat on the Western Front
* Fall of all continental empires in Europe (including Germany, Russia, Turkey and Austria-Hungary)
* Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War – the collapse of the Russian Empire and the subsequent formation of the Soviet Union
* Widespread unrest and revolutions throughout Europe and Asia
* Creation of the League of Nations (more ...)

## After 1932 revolution

[edit]

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Notable battles

|
|
|
|

Boworadet Rebellion
(1933)

Location: Central Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima, Lak Si and Ratchaburi

|  Thailand
People's Party | Rebel faction led by Prince Boworadet | People's Party Victory

* Suppression of the rebellion, consolidation of power by the People's Party

Franco-Thai War
(1940-1941)

Location: French Indochina

French Indochina |  Thailand |  Vichy France

* French Indochina

| Thai victory[19]

* Japanese-mediated armistice[20]
* Siem Reap, Phra Tabong, Sisophon ceded to Thailand

* Battle of Ko Chang (1941)

Japanese invasion of Thailand
(1941)

Location:Thailand

Map of the Japanese invasion of Thailand, December 8, 1941 |  Thailand |  Japan | Ceasefire

Thai alliance with Japan

* Thailand declares war on the Allied Powers.

* Battle of Prachuap Khiri Khan (1941)

World War II
(1941-1945)

Location: Southeast Asia

(clockwise from top left) | Axis Powers:

* Germany
* Japan
* Italy (1940-45)
* Hungary (1941-45)
* Romania (1941-45)
* Bulgaria (1941-45)
* Croatia (1941-45)
* Slovak Republic
* Finland
* Thailand (1941-45)
* Manchukuo
* Mengjiang

| Allied Powers:

* United States (1941-45)
* United Kingdom
* Soviet Union (1941-45)
* China
* France
* Poland
* Canada
* Australia
* New Zealand
* India
* South Africa
* Yugoslavia (1941-45)
* Greece (1940-45)
* Denmark (1940-45)
* Norway (1940-45)
* Netherlands (1940-45)
* Belgium (1940-45)
* Luxembourg (1940-45)
* Czechoslovakia
* Brazil (1942-45)
* Mexico (1942-45)
* Philippines (1941-45)
* Ethiopia

* * *

* Free Thai Movement

| Allied victory

* Collapse of Nazi Germany
* Fall of the Japanese and Italian Empires
* Allied occupations of Germany and Japan and foundation of the Italian Republic
* Beginning of the Nuclear Age
* Dissolution of the League of Nations and creation of the United Nations
* Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as rival superpowers and beginning of the Cold War (more ...)

Malayan Emergency
(1948-1960)

Location: Malay Peninsula, Southeast Asia ( Dusun Nyor Rebellion 1948 )

Australian Avro Lincoln bomber dropping 500lb bombs on communist rebels in the Malayan jungle (c. 1950) | Commonwealth forces:
United Kingdom

* Federation of Malaya
* Southern Rhodesia
(until 1953)
* Rhodesia and Nyasaland
(after 1953)
* Fiji

Australia
New Zealand
Supported by:
Thailand
(Thai–Malaysian border)

| Communist forces:
Malayan Communist Party

* Malayan National Liberation Army

Supported by:
China[21][22][23]
Viet Minh
(until 1954)
North Vietnam
(from 1954)[24][25][26]
Soviet Union[23][27]
Indonesia[22][23]

| Thailand-allied victory

* Independence of Malaya on 31 August 1957

Korean War
(1950-1953)

Location: Korean Peninsula, Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan, Korea Strait, China–North Korea border

Clockwise from top: A column of the U.S. 1st Marine Division's infantry and armor moves through Chinese lines during their breakout from the Chosin Reservoir • UN landing at Incheon harbor, starting point of the Battle of Incheon • Korean refugees in front of a U.S. M46 Patton tank • U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Baldomero Lopez, landing at Incheon • F-86 Sabre fighter aircraft |  South Korea

* * *

United Nations[b]

* United States
* United Kingdom
* Canada
* Turkey
* Australia
* Philippines
* New Zealand
* Thailand
* Ethiopia
* Greece
* France
* Colombia
* Belgium
* South Africa
* Netherlands
* Luxembourg

Medical support

* Denmark
* Italy
* West Germany
* India
* Israel[29]
* Norway
* Sweden

Other support

* Taiwan
* Japan[30]
* Cuba
* El Salvador
* Spain[31]

* North Korea

* * *

* China
* Soviet Union

Medical support

* Bulgaria
* Czechoslovakia
* East Germany[32]
* Hungary[32][33]
* Poland
* Romania[34]

Other support

* India{[35][36]
* Mongolia

| Military stalemate

* North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled
* Subsequent U.S.-led United Nations invasion of North Korea repelled
* Subsequent Chinese invasion of South Korea repelled
* Korean Armistice Agreement signed in 1953
* Korean conflict ongoing
* Korean Demilitarized Zone established
* North Korea gains city of Kaesong but loses a net total of 3,900 km2 (1,500 sq mi) to South Korea.[37]

Vietnam War
(1955-1975)

Location: South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, South China Sea, Gulf of Thailand

Clockwise, from top left: U.S. combat operations in Ia Đrăng, ARVN Rangers defending Saigon during the 1968 Tết Offensive, two A-4C Skyhawks after the Gulf of Tonkin incident, ARVN recapture Quảng Trị during the 1972 Easter Offensive, civilians fleeing the 1972 Battle of Quảng Trị, and burial of 300 victims of the 1968 Huế Massacre. |

* South Vietnam
* United States
* South Korea
* Australia
* New Zealand
* Laos
* Cambodia (1967–1970)
* Khmer Republic (1970–75)
* Thailand
* Philippines

Supported by:

* Taiwan
* Brazil[38]
* Malaysia[39][40]

* North Vietnam
* Viet Cong and PRG
* Pathet Lao
* GRUNK (1970–75)
* Khmer Rouge
* China
* Soviet Union
* North Korea

Supported by:

* Czechoslovakia
* Cuba
* East Germany
* Poland
* Romania
* Hungary
* Bulgaria
* Sweden[41][42]

| North Vietnamese and National Liberation Front victory

* Withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam
* Communist forces take power in South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos
* Reunification of Vietnam
* Start of the Cambodian–Vietnamese War
* Start of the boat people crisis and Indochina refugee crisis
* Reunification of North and South Vietnam into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Laotian Civil War
(1959-1975)

Location: Kingdom of Laos

Laos |  Kingdom of Laos
Forces Armées Neutralistes
(from 1962)
United States
South Vietnam
Thailand

Supported by:

* Philippines
* Taiwan
* Australia
* New Zealand

|  Pathet Lao
Forces Armées Neutralistes
(1960–1962)
Patriotic Neutralists
(from 1963)
North Vietnam

Supported by:

* China
* Soviet Union
* Romania

| Pathet Lao and North Vietnamese victory

* Establishment of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
* Exile of the Kingdom of Laos.

Communist insurgency in Thailand
(1965–1983)

Location: Thailand (primarily East Thailand)

Ta Ko Bi Cave, a former hideout used by communist rebels. |  Thailand

* Royal Thai Armed Forces
* Royal Thai Police
* Volunteer Defense Corps

Supported by:

Taiwan (until July 1981)

* Kuomintang 49th Division[citation needed]

United States[citation needed]

|  Communist Party of Thailand

Pathet Lao[citation needed]

Supported By:

Khmer Rouge (until 1982)[citation needed]
Vietnam
China (from 1979)
Soviet Union

| Thai government victory

* Amnesty declared on 23 April 1980 by the Thai government
* Order 66/2523 signed by Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda
* Communist insurgency declines and ends in 1984

Cambodian Civil War
(1968-1975)

Location: Cambodia

US tanks entering a town in Cambodia in 1970. |  Cambodia
(1967–1970)
Khmer Republic
(1970–1975)
United States
South Vietnam

Other support:

* Australia
* Canada
* France
* Malaysia
* Singapore
* Thailand

|  GRUNK (1970–1975)

* FUNK
* Khmer Rouge (1968–1975)
* Khmer Rumdo

North Vietnam
Việt Cộng

Other support:

* China
* Cuba
* Czechoslovakia
* Romania
* Soviet Union

| Khmer Rouge victory

* Fall of the Kingdom of Cambodia
* Creation, then collapse, of the Khmer Republic
* Establishment of Democratic Kampuchea
* Beginning of the Cambodian genocide

Communist insurgency in Malaysia
(1968-1989)

Location: Malaysian Peninsular and Sarawak

Sarawak Rangers (present-day part of the Malaysian Rangers) consisting of Ibans leap from a Royal Australian Air Force Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter to guard the Malay–Thai border from potential Communist attacks in 1965, two years before the war starting in 1968. | Anti-communist forces:
Malaysia[43]
Thailand[44][45]

Supported by:
United Kingdom[46]
Australia
New Zealand[47]
United States
South Vietnam (until 1975)

| Communist forces:

Malayan Communist Party[48]

* Malayan National Liberation Army[48]

Communist Party of Thailand (until 1983)
Supported by:
China[49][21]
Soviet Union[49]
Vietnam (until late 1970s)
North Kalimantan Communist Party

| Peace agreement reached

* Communists agree to a ceasefire
* Peace Agreement of Hat Yai 1989 signed between the communists and the governments of Malaysia and Thailand
* Dissolution of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP)[50][51]

Third Indochina War
(1975-1991)

Location: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, China

|  China
Democratic Kampuchea

* Khmer Rouge
* CGDK

Lao royalists
Hmong insurgents
FULRO
Thailand
Supported by:
United States
North Korea[52]

|  Vietnam
Laos
People's Republic of Kampuchea
Communist Party of Thailand

* Pak Mai

Supported by:
Warsaw Pact countries (until 1991)[52]

| Vietnam-allied victory

* Removal of the Khmer Rouge from power
* End of the Cambodian genocide
* Pro-Vietnamese government installed in Cambodia
* China withdraws from Vietnam after 27 days of fighting
* Communist Party of Thailand abandons armed struggle
* Vietnam withdraws from Cambodia in 1991
* 1990 Chengdu summit leads to the normalization of relations between China and Vietnam
* Restoration of the House of Norodom
* Ongoing insurgency in Laos

Vietnamese border raids in Thailand
(1979–1989)

Location: Thai–Cambodian border, Gulf of Thailand

|  Thailand
CGDK[53]

* PDK (Khmer Rouge)
* KPNLF
* FUNCINPEC

Supported by:
United States
China

|  Vietnam
People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–89)
State of Cambodia (1989)
Supported by:
Soviet Union
Poland[54]
Czechoslovakia[55]
East Germany[56] | Vietnamese withdrew

* Destruction of numerous guerrilla bases and refugee camps along the Thai–Cambodian border
* Isolated outbreaks of open hostility between Vietnamese and Thai troops
* Withdrawal of Vietnamese troops from the border in 1989

Thai–Laotian Border War
(1987-1988)

Location: Chat Trakan District, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand
Botene District, Sainyabuli Province, Lao PDR

Noen 1428 (Hill 1428), the battlefield of Thai–Laotian Border War of 1988, view from Phu Soidao National Park, Chat Trakan, Phitsanulok. |  Thailand |  Laos
Vietnam | Peace talks in Bangkok

* Return to status quo ante bellum

1999 East Timorese crisis
(1999-2002)

Location: East Timor

Destroyed houses in Dili |  East Timor

International Force:

* Australia
* New Zealand
* Thailand
* Brazil
* Canada
* Fiji
* France
* Germany
* Ireland
* Italy
* Jordan
* Kenya
* Malaysia
* Norway
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Portugal
* Singapore
* South Korea
* United Kingdom
* United States [57]

| Insurgents:

* Pro-Indonesian Militias
* Aitarak
* Besi Merah Putih
* Laksaur
* Mahidi

| Conflict ended

* Defeat of pro-Indonesian militia
* Stabilisation of East Timor

Iraq War (2003–2004)
Location: Iraq Iraq War montage | Invasion phase (2003)
United States
United Kingdom
Australia
Poland
Peshmerga
INC
Supported by:
Denmark[58]
Netherlands[59]
Italy[60]
Spain[61]
Post-invasion
(2003–11)

Iraq
United States
United Kingdom

MNF–I
(2003–09)

* United States
(2003–09)
* United Kingdom
(2003–09)
* Australia
(2003–09)
* Turkey
(2003–08)
* Romania
(2003–09)
* Azerbaijan
(2003–08)
* Kuwait
(2003–08)
* Estonia
(2003–09)
* El Salvador
(2003–09)
* Bulgaria
(2003–08)
* Moldova
(2003–08)
* Albania
(2003–08)
* Ukraine
(2003–08)
* Denmark
(2003–08)
* Czech Republic
(2003–08)
* South Korea
(2003–08)
* Singapore
(2003–08)
* Bosnia and Herzegovina (2003–08)
* North Macedonia
(2003–08)
* Latvia
(2003–08)
* Poland
(2003–08)
* Kazakhstan
(2003–08)
* Mongolia
(2003–08)
* Georgia
(2003–08)
* Tonga
(2004–08)
* Japan
(2004–08)
* Armenia
(2005–08)
* Slovakia
(2003–07)
* Lithuania
(2003–07)
* Italy
(2003–06)
* Norway
(2003–06)
* Hungary
(2003–05)
* Netherlands
(2003–05)
* Portugal
(2003–05)
* New Zealand
(2003–04)
* Thailand
(2003–04)
* Philippines
(2003–04)
* Honduras
(2003–04)
* Dominican Republic
(2003–04)
* Spain
(2003–04)
* Nicaragua
(2003–04)
* Iceland
(2003–04)

Awakening Council

Supported by:
Iran[62][63]

* Artesh

* * *

Iraqi Kurdistan

* Peshmerga

| Invasion phase (2003)
Iraq

* * *

Ansar al-Islam[c][64]
Post-invasion (2003–11)
Ba'ath loyalists

* SCJL
* JRTN

* * *

Sunni insurgents

* AQI (2004–06)
* ISI[65] (from 2006)
* IAI
* Ansar al-Sunnah (2003–07)
* Others

* * *

Shia insurgents

* Mahdi Army
* Special Groups
* Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
* Others

Supported by:
Iran

* IRGC
* Quds Force[66]

| Thailand-allied victory

* Invasion and occupation of Iraq
* Defeat of Ba'ath Party-led regime and execution of Saddam Hussein
* Iraqi insurgency, emergence of al-Qaeda in Iraq, and civil war
* Subsequent depletion of Iraqi insurgency, improvements in public security
* Establishment of democratic elections and formation of new Shia led government
* U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement
* Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq
* Rise of Iraqi insurgency after U.S. withdrawal and spillover with the Syrian Civil War
* Resurgence of al-Qaeda in Iraq and Syria

South Thailand insurgency
(2004–present)
Location: Southern Thailand (Songkhla, Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat) Souththailandmap |  Thailand

RTARF
RTP
VDC

Support:

* Malaysia[67][68]
* Indonesia[67][69]
* Qatar[70][71]
* Bahrain[72]
* Turkey[73]
* Germany[74][75]
* New Zealand (forensic science)[76]
* Australia (intelligence support)[77][78][79]
* Russia (intelligence support)[80][81]
* Canada (mine clearance)[82][83]
* USA (CIA,[84] EOD,[85] K-9[86])

|  BRN
RKK
GMIP
BIPP
PULO
Jemaah Islamiyah[87]

Former support:

* Aceh (until 2005)[88]
* Mayaki Cartel (financial support)[89]

* * *

Islamic State

* East Asia Province (minimal presence)[90]

* * *

Drug cartels[91][92]
* Mayaki Cartel[93]
* Xaysana Cartel[94]
* Usman Cartel[93]

* * *

Oil smugglers[95][96][97]

* * *

Pirates[98]

| Ongoing |
Cambodian–Thai border dispute
(2008–2011)

Location: Thai–Cambodian border

Phraviharngopura |  Thailand |  Cambodia | Conflict ended

* ICJ decision awards promontory of Preah Vihear to Cambodia[99]

## See also

[edit]

* Military history of Thailand. https://www.eurasia1945.com/protagonistas/ejercitos/batallon-oriental/ https://www.reddit.com/r/MilitaryPorn/comments/seogx0/wicha_thitawat_a_thai_in_the_wehrmacht_circa_1939/

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Vietnamese observers totaled 80-100.[citation needed]
2. ^ On 9 July 1951 troop constituents were: US: 70.4%, ROK: 23.3% other UNC: 6.3%[28]
3. ^ against both Iraq and the United States

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Taylor, p. 144
2. ^ *Jumsai, Manich (1976). "King Tilokarat (1441–1485)". Popular History of Thailand. Bangkok,Thailand: Claremint. p. 54\. ASIN B002DXA1MO.
3. ^ Jumsai 1976, pp. 54–57.
4. ^ a b Jumsai 1976, p. 54.
5. ^ a b Jumsai 1976, pp. 58–61.
6. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Foreign Settlements - Portuguese Settlement". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
7. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Essays - Spain". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
8. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
9. ^ Tucker, p. 13.
10. ^ Tucker (2009), p. 722.
11. ^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk. A History of Thailand Third Edition (p. 307). (Cambridge University Press. Kindle Edition.)
12. ^ Wyatt, David K. (2003). Thailand : A Short History (2nd ed.). Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 974957544X.
13. ^ Kohn, p. 447.
14. ^ Dupuy, p. 768.
15. ^ "Siam, Cambodia, and Laos 1800-1950 by Sanderson Beck".
16. ^ Stearn, Duncan (25 March 2019). Slices of Thai History: From the curious & controversial to the heroic & hardy. Proglen Trading Co.
17. ^ Wood, W.A.R. (1924). A History of Siam. London: T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd. pp. 276–277. Retrieved 10 February 2022.276-277&rft.pub=T.+Fisher+Unwin,+Ltd.&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=W.A.R.&rft_id=https://archive.org/details/historyofsiam035038mbp/page/n299/mode/2up&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+wars+involving+Thailand" class="Z3988">
18. ^ Van Roy, Edward (2010). "Safe Haven: Mon Refugees at the Capitals of Siam from the 1500s to the 1800s" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 98: 172–173.172-173&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Van+Roy&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/JSS_098_0g_VanRoy_SafeHavenMonRefugeesAtCapitalsOfSiam.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+wars+involving+Thailand" class="Z3988">
19. ^ Yon can see Victory monument in bangkok Tucker, World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection p. 649
20. ^ Fall, p. 22. "On the seas, one old French cruiser sank one-third of the whole Thai fleet ... Japan, seeing that the war was turning against its pupil and ally, imposed its 'mediation' between the two parties."
21. ^ a b John W. Garver (1 December 2015). China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China. Oxford University Press. pp. 219–. ISBN 978-0-19-026106-1.
22. ^ a b A. Dahana (2002). "China Role's in Indonesia's "Crush Malaysia" Campaign". MAKARA of Social Sciences and Humanities Series. Universitas Indonesia. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
23. ^ a b c Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid (2013). "Malaysia-Indonesia Relations Before and After 1965: Impact on Bilateral and Regional Stability" (PDF). Programme of International Relations, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
24. ^ Ching Fatt Yong (1997). The origins of Malayan communism. South Seas Society. ISBN 978-9971-936-12-9.
25. ^ T. N. Harper; Timothy Norman Harper (9 April 2001). The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00465-7.
26. ^ Major James M. Kimbrough IV (6 November 2015). Disengaging From Insurgencies: Insights From History And Implications For Afghanistan. Pickle Partners Publishing. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-1-78625-345-3.
27. ^ Geoffrey Jukes (1 January 1973). The Soviet Union in Asia. University of California Press. pp. 302–. ISBN 978-0-520-02393-2.
28. ^ Kim, Heesu (1996). Anglo-American Relations and the Attempts to Settle the Korean Question 1953–1960 (PDF) (Thesis). London School of Economics and Political Science. p. 213\. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
29. ^ Young, Sam Ma (2010). "Israel's Role in the UN during the Korean War" (PDF). Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs. 4 (3): 81–89\. doi:10.1080/23739770.2010.11446616. S2CID 219293462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2015.81-89&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/23739770.2010.11446616&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219293462#id-name=S2CID&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Sam+Ma&rft_id=http://www.israelcfr.com/documents/4-3/4-3-6-YoungSamMa.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+wars+involving+Thailand" class="Z3988">
30. ^ "Post-War Warriors: Japanese Combatants in the Korean War". The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus.
31. ^ Edles, Laura Desfor (1998). Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: the transition to democracy after Franco. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 32\. ISBN 978-0521628853.
32. ^ a b Edwards, Paul M. (2006). Korean War Almanac. Almanacs of American wars. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 528\. ISBN 978-0816074679.
33. ^ Kocsis, Piroska (2005). "Magyar orvosok Koreában (1950–1957)" [Hungarian physicians in Korea (1950–1957)]. ArchivNet: XX. századi történeti források (in Hungarian). Budapest: Magyar Országos Levéltár. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
34. ^ "Romania's "Fraternal Support" to North Korea during the Korean War, 1950–1953". Wilson Centre. December 2011. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
35. ^ Stueck, William Whitney (1995). The Korean War: An International History. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 196\. ISBN 978-0691037677.
36. ^ Millett, Allan Reed, ed. (2001). The Korean War, Volume 3. Korea Institute of Military History. U of Nebraska Press. p. 541\. ISBN 978-0803277960. Retrieved 18 September 2015. "India could not be considered neutral."
37. ^ Birtle, Andrew J. (2000). The Korean War: Years of Stalemate. U.S. Army Center of Military History. p. 34\. Archived from the original on 14 December 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2007.
38. ^ Weil, Thomas E. et al. Area Handbook for Brazil (1975), p. 293
39. ^ "Chapter Three: 1957–1969 Early Relations between Malaysia and Vietnam" (PDF). University of Malaya Student Repository. p. 72. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
40. ^ Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (Profiles of Malaysia's Foreign Ministers) (PDF). Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia). 2008. p. 31\. ISBN 978-9832220268. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
41. ^ "Why did Sweden support the Viet Cong?". HistoryNet. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
42. ^ "Sweden announces support to Viet Cong". HISTORY.com. Retrieved 20 July 2016. "In Sweden, Foreign Minister Torsten Nilsson reveals that Sweden has been providing assistance to the Viet Cong, including some $550,000 worth of medical supplies. Similar Swedish aid was to go to Cambodian and Laotian civilians affected by the Indochinese fighting. This support was primarily humanitarian in nature and included no military aid."
43. ^ Nazar bin Talib, pp.16–22
44. ^ Chin Peng, pp.479–80
45. ^ NIE report
46. ^ A Navaratnam, p. 10
47. ^ A. Navaratnam, p.10
48. ^ a b A. Navaratnam, pp.3–5
49. ^ a b Leszek Buszynski (13 September 2013). Soviet Foreign Policy and Southeast Asia (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. pp. 78–. ISBN 978-1-134-48085-2.
50. ^ A. Navaratnam, pp.189–90"
51. ^ Chin Peng, pp.189–99
52. ^ a b Spencer C. Tucker, Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History, p.155
53. ^ since 1982, the KR, the KPNLF and the ANS formed the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea.
54. ^ "Diplomats Recall Cambodia After the Khmer Rouge". The Cambodia Daily. 5 April 2003. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
55. ^ Weiss, Thomas G.; Evans, Gareth J.; Hubert, Don; Sahnoun, Mohamed (2001). The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. International Development Research Centre (Canada). p. 58\. ISBN 9780889369634. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
56. ^ "When Moscow helped topple the Khmer Rouge". 19 March 2016.
57. ^ Cross, Lyle. "East Timor: A Case Study in C4I Innovation". US Navy Information Technology Magazine. Department of Navy (US). Retrieved 9 September 2018.
58. ^ "Den danske deltagelse i Irak-krigen, 2003–2007".
59. ^ Regering (12 January 2010). "Rapport Commissie-Davids". rijksoverheid.nl. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
60. ^ "Il discorso di Berlusconi alla Camera". Toscana Oggi.
61. ^ "Aznar faces 91% opposition to war". The Guardian. 29 March 2003. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
62. ^ Elaheh Rostami-Povey, Iran's Influence: A Religious-Political State and Society in Its Region, pp. 130–154, Zed Books Ltd, 2010.
63. ^ "Iranian Strategy in Iraq: Politics and 'Other Means'" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
64. ^ "BBC NEWS | World | Middle East | Mullah denies Iraq al-Qaeda link". news.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
65. ^ President Barack Obama Speaks With VICE News. YouTube. 16 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2021-12-14.
66. ^ "Operations By Iran's Military Mastermind – Business Insider". Business Insider. 9 July 2014.
67. ^ a b Wassana Nanuam (August 2015). "Engagement of Malaysia and Indonesia on Counter Insurgency in the South of Thailand" (PDF). Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
68. ^ "Southern Thailand Peace Talks: The Long and Winding Road - An Analysis" (PDF). Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (Institutional Repository). 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
69. ^ "ผบ.ทบ.เยือนอินโดฯ ชู "อาเจะห์โมเดล" ดับไฟใต้ "สร้างความเข้าใจ ไม่แยกดินแดน"". สำนักข่าวอิศรา. 15 January 2020.
70. ^ "กต.กาต้าร์ แถลงการณ์ประณามอย่างรุนแรงต่อเหตุการณ์ระเบิดตลาดนัดบ่อทอง". 18 July 2019. Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
71. ^ "คณะลูกเรือไทยสายการบินกาตาร์แอร์เวยส์ มอบอุปกรณ์จำเป็นแก่ จนท.ชายแดนใต้ (ชมคลิป) | ข่าวชายแดนใต้ | แอดชายแดนใต้".
72. ^ "ราชอาณาจักรบาห์เรน (Kingdom of Bahrain)" (PDF). สำนักข่าวกรองแห่งชาติ. 2 February 2022. p. 10\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
73. ^ "บทบาทตุรกีในพื้นที่สามจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้". สำนักข่าวอิศรา. 27 July 2016.
74. ^ "เยอรมัน ก็มา". 25 June 2019.
75. ^ "'กต.เยอรมัน' เยือน 'ศอ.บต.' ปลื้มทำงานยึดปชช.เป็นที่ตั้ง". 20 November 2019.
76. ^ "ทูตนิวซีแลนด์พบ "นายกฯ" พร้อมช่วยเหลือด้านนิติวิทยาศาสตร์พื้นที่ชายแดนใต้ไทย". 25 August 2016.
77. ^ "'ศรีวราห์' จับมือฝ่ายมั่นคงออสเตรเลีย สกัดเว็บไซต์ก่อการร้าย".[permanent dead link‍]
78. ^ "พบ50เว็บไซต์ไอเอสโยง3จว.ชายแดนใต้". posttoday.com. 6 February 2018. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
79. ^ "พบ 50 เว็บไซต์ IS โยง 3 จังหวัดชายแดนใต้". bangkokbiznews.com/. 6 February 2018.
80. ^ "หน่วยข่าวตั้งข้อสังเกตรัสเซียแจ้งเตือน IS เข้าไทย - ชายแดนใต้เฝ้าระว..." สำนักข่าวอิศรา. 4 December 2015.
81. ^ "'ท่องเที่ยวรัสเซีย' เตือนชาวรัสเซียในไทยระวังเหตุก่อการร้าย-หลีกเลี่ยงที่ชุมชน". 20 April 2017.
82. ^ ความสัมพันธ์กับไทย - ศูนย์ข้อมูลธุรกิจไทยในแคนาดา
83. ^ "ศูนย์ปฏิบัติการทุ่นระเบิดแห่งชาติ ศูนย์บัญชาการทางทหาร ส่งมอบพื้นที่ปลอดภัยจากทุ่นระเบิดและกับระเบิด ในพื้นที่อำเภอกาบัง จังหวัดยะลา". thainews.prd.go.th.
84. ^ "ได้เวลาตีตรา "บีอาร์เอ็น" องค์กรก่อการร้าย...หรือยัง?". สำนักข่าวอิศรา. 11 May 2017.
85. ^ ""คนกู้ระเบิด" ชีวิตบนเส้นด้าย ตร.เสริมทักษะ-เพิ่มความรู้ ลดความเสี่ยง". Thai PBS. 7 September 2016.
86. ^ "สหรัฐฯ ส่ง K-9 ช่วยตำรวจไทย". Archived from the original on 2021-11-18 - via www.youtube.com.
87. ^ "Conflict in Southern Thailand" (PDF). Melbourne Law School Paper. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
88. ^ "Thailand Islamic Insurgency". Global Security. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
89. ^ "เปิดโปง "แก๊งค้ายา" ชายแดนใต้ ตัวการใหญ่สัมพันธ์ลึก "บิ๊กจิ๋ว"". mgronline.com. 19 November 2009.
90. ^ Jacob Zenn (3 June 2022). "Briefs". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
91. ^ พึ่งเนตร, ปกรณ์ (31 March 2012). "ยาเสพติดโยงป่วนใต้...แต่ไม่ใช่รากเหง้าของ "เงื่อนไข" ที่ปลายขวาน". สำนักข่าวอิศรา.
92. ^ วงษ์สมุทร์, นันท์ชนก (28 May 2017). "ที่มายาเสพติด หนึ่งคำถามที่ทหารปัตตานีตอบไม่ได้". BBC.
93. ^ a b "จาก 'ตุลา 16' ถึง '16 ตุลา' ใครฆ่า 3จี ?". สำนักข่าวอิศรา. 14 October 2012.
94. ^ "สื่อนอกแฉเงินจากขบวนการค้ายา "ไซซะนะ" ถูกใช้ก่อความไม่สงบทางภาคใต้ของไทย". rsutv.tv. 10 February 2017. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020.
95. ^ "Businessman detained under martial law after raid". nationthailand.com. 19 June 2014.
96. ^ "เปิดปูมคนดังยุค คสช.ที่ชายแดนใต้ "เสี่ยโจ้ - สหชัย เจียรเสริมสิน"". mgronline.com. 21 June 2014.
97. ^ นาซือเราะ, อะหมัด, ปทิตตา (11 September 2013). "ยิงดับ 5 ตร.ปราบน้ำมันเถื่อน สลด "ร.ต.ท." เตรียมเข้าพิธีวิวาห์". สำนักข่าวอิศรา.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
98. ^ ""โจรสลัด" อีกหนึ่งภัยคุกคามทะเลไทย-อาเซียน". สำนักข่าวอิศรา. 26 June 2017.
99. ^ "Request for Interpretation of the Judgement of 15 June 1962 in the Case Concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand)" (PDF). www.icj-cij.org. International Court of Justice. November 11, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 11, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013.

* v
* t
* e

Lists of wars involving Asian countries

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste (East Timor)
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
* Asia portal

*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template