List of wars involving the Netherlands

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This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of the Netherlands and its predecessor states since 1795. These predecessors include:

* United Provinces, or Dutch Republic (1581–1795): see List of wars involving the Dutch Republic
* Batavian Republic (1795–1806)
* Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810)
* Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815)
* United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839)
* Kingdom of the Netherlands (1839–present)
* For earlier wars, see List of wars in the Low Countries until 1560
* For simultaneous wars in the south, see
* List of wars in the southern Low Countries (1560–1829) – includes wars on the present territory of Belgium and Luxembourg, including the Southern Netherlands (Spanish Netherlands & Austrian Netherlands), the Principality of Liège, the Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy, the Prince-Bishopric of Cambrésis and the Imperial City of Cambray, the Duchy of Bouillon and smaller states.
* List of wars involving Belgium (1830–present)
* List of wars involving Luxembourg (1890–present)

## Batavian Republic (1795–1806)

[edit]

Main article: Batavian Republic

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result

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War of the Second Coalition
(1799-1802)  |  French Republic
Spain
Polish Legions
Denmark–Norway

French client republics:

* Batavian Republic
* Helvetic Republic
* Cisalpine Republic
* Roman Republic
* Parthenopaean Republic

|  Austria
Russia
Great Britain
Ottoman Empire
Portugal
Two Sicilies
French Royalists | Victory

Treaty of Amiens:

* General French victory
* Britain recognises the French Republic
* Cape Colony returned to the Batavian Republic
* British withdrawal from Egypt
* French withdrawal from the Papal States
* Trinidad and Tobago ceded from France
* Ceylon ceded from the Batavian Republic

Third Xhosa-Dutch War
(1799–1803)  |  Dutch Republic | Xhosa militia
Khoikhoi militia  | Stalemate

* The Xhosa were allowed to stay in Zuurveld.

War of the Third Coalition
(1803-1806)  |  French Empire
Batavia
Italy
Etruria
Spain
Bavaria
Württemberg |  Austrian Empire
Russian Empire
Naples and Sicily
Portugal
Great Britain
Sweden | Victory

Treaty of Pressburg

* Consolidation of the French Empire
* Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
* Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine
* Hostilities resume few months later with the formation of a Fourth Coalition against France

Padri War
(1803-1838)  | Adats
Netherlands | Padris  | Victory

## Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810)

[edit]

Main article: Kingdom of Holland

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result

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Franco-Swedish War
(1805–1810)  |  France
Spanish Empire
Holland |  Sweden
United Kingdom
Prussia | Victory
Ashanti–Fante War
(1806–1807)  |  Ashanti Empire
Batavian Republic |  Fante Confederacy
United Kingdom | Victory
War of the Fourth Coalition
(1806–1807)  |  French Empire
French satellites:

* Confederation of the Rhine:
*  Bavaria
* Württemberg
* Saxony[1]
* Polish Legions
* Napoleonic Italy
* Kingdom of Naples
* Etruria
* Holland
* Spain
* Swiss Confederation

|  Prussia
Russia
United Kingdom
Saxony[1]
Sweden
Sicily | Victory

Treaties of Tilsit

* Prussia lost one half of its territory
* Creation of the Duchy of Warsaw
* Franco-Russian alliance
* Promulgation of the Continental System
* Hostilities resume in 1808 with the commencement of the Peninsular War and expanded in 1809 with the formation of a Fifth Coalition against France

Second Tondano War
(1808–1809)  |  Holland

* Dutch East Indies

| Minahasan militia | Victory
War of the Fifth Coalition
(1809)  |  French Empire
French satellites:

* Confederation of the Rhine:
*  Bavaria
* Saxony
* Württemberg
* Westphalia
* Napoleonic Italy
* Naples
* Switzerland
* Holland

|  Austria
Hungary
Tyrol (in rebellion against Bavaria)
United Kingdom
Spain
Sicily
Sardinia
Black Brunswickers | Victory

Treaty of Schönbrunn

* Franco-Austrian Alliance
* Napoléon marries Marie Louise of Austria
* Hostilities in the Peninsular War maintained
* General hostilities across Europe resume in 1812 with the French Invasion of Russia and expand in 1813 with the formation of a Sixth Coalition against France

## Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815)

[edit]

Main article: Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result

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War of the Sixth Coalition
(1813–1814)  | Sixth Coalition:

*  Russia (already at war)
*  United Kingdom (already at war)
*  Spain (already at war)
*  Portugal (already at war)
*  Sweden (3 March)
*  Mecklenburg-Schwerin (14 March)
*  Prussia (17 March)
*  Sardinia
*  Sicily

After Pläswitz (June–August 1813)

*  Austria (12 August)
*  Bavaria (8 Oct.)

After Leipzig (October 1813)

*  Saxony (18 Oct.)
*  Württemberg (18 Oct.)
* Baden (mid-November)
* Principality of the Netherlands (21 Nov.)
*  Liechtenstein

After January 1814

Denmark

|  France

* Duchy of Warsaw[a]
* Italy
* Naples

Until January 1814

* Confederation of the Rhine[b]
* Denmark–Norway

| Victory

* Napoleon abdicates and is captured
* Future of the Low Countries determined at Congress of Vienna (1814–15)

## United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839)

[edit]

Main article: United Kingdom of the Netherlands

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result

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Hundred Days
(1815)

War of the Seventh Coalition

|  United Kingdom
Prussia
Hanover
German Confederation
Austria
Russia
Sweden
Netherlands
Spain
Portugal
Sardinia
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Tuscany |  French Empire
Kingdom of Naples | Victory

Treaty of Paris:

* General French defeat
* Restoration of the House of Bourbon
* Abolition of the slave trade (all signatories)
* ₣100,000,000 compensation from France

Bombardment of Algiers (1816)
|  United Kingdom
United Netherlands |  Regency of Algiers | Victory

* 3000 slaves freed.

First expedition to Palembang
(1819)  |  Dutch Empire |  Palembang Sultanate |

Defeat

Second expedition to Palembang
(1821)  |  Dutch Empire |  Palembang Sultanate | Victory
Expedition to the West Coast of Borneo
(1823)  |  Dutch Empire | Chinese Indonesian rebels  | Victory
First Bone War
(1824–1825)  |  Dutch Empire | Sulawesian militia  | Victory
Java War
(1825-1830)  |  Dutch Empire
Pro-Dutch Javanese  | Rebel forces of Prince Diponegoro
Chinese mercenaries | Victory

* Diponegoro deported to Makassar

Katamanso War
(1826)  |  Denmark
United Kingdom
Dutch Empire |  Ashanti Empire | Victory
Belgian Revolution
(1830-1831)  |  Dutch Empire |  Belgian rebels
Supported by:
France | Defeat

* The main European powers recognized Belgium's de facto independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra
(1831)  |  Dutch Empire |  Aceh Sultanate | Victory
First Sumatran expedition
(1832)  |  United States
Dutch Empire | Chiefdom of Kuala Batee  | Victory
Dutch–Ahanta War
(1837-1839)  |  Dutch Empire | Ahanta Kingdom  | Victory

* Ahanta becomes a Dutch protectorate

Second Sumatran expedition
(1838)  |  United States
Dutch Empire | Chiefdom of Kuala Batee  | Victory

## Netherlands (1839–present)

[edit]

Main article: Netherlands

Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result

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Dutch intervention in northern Bali
(1846)  |  Dutch Empire | Buleleng | Victory
Dutch intervention in Bali
(1849-1850)  |  Dutch Empire
Lombok | Buleleng
Jembrana
Klungkung | Victory

* Dutch control of Northern Bali.

Palembang Highlands Expeditions
(1851–1859)  |  Dutch Empire | Forces of the Sultan of Palembang  | Victory
Expedition against the Chinese in Montrado
(1854-1855)  |  Dutch Empire
Pro-Dutch Indonesians  | Pro-Chinese Indonesian rebels
China | Victory
Nias Expedition
(1855-1864)  |  Dutch Empire | Nias | Victory
Dutch intervention in Bali
(1858)  |  Dutch Empire | Buleleng rebels  | Victory
Second Bone War
(1859–1860)  |  Dutch Empire | Sulawesian militia  | Victory
Banjarmasin War
(1859–1863)  |  Dutch Empire | Sultanate of Banjarmasin | Victory
Shimonoseki Campaign
(1863–1864)  |  Dutch Empire
British Empire
French Empire
United States |  Chōshū Domain | Victory
Pasoemah Expedition
(1864–1868)  |  Dutch Empire | South Sumatra | Victory
Dutch Gold Coast expedition of 1869–70
(1869-1870)  |  Dutch Empire | Local rulers  | Victory

* Dutch Gold Coast sold to Britain in 1872

Aceh War
(1873-1904)  |  Dutch Empire |  Aceh Sultanate
Acehnese religious ulama
Thai and Chinese mercenaries  | Victory

* Imposition of Dutch rule on Aceh.
* Aceh is annexed into the Dutch East Indies.

Batak War
(1878-1907)  |  Dutch Empire |

Batak Kingdom

| Victory
Mandor rebellion
(1884-1885)  |  Dutch Empire |  Lanfang Republic
Qing dynasty
Dayak and Chinese Indonesian militia  | Victory

* Disestablishment of the Lanfang Republic.

Jambi uprising
(1885)  |  Dutch Empire | Jambi | Victory
Edi Expedition
(1890)  |  Dutch Empire | Aceh militia  | Victory
Dutch intervention in Lombok and Karangasem
(1894)  |  Dutch Empire
Eastern Sasak  | Lombok Mataram
Western Sasak  | Victory

* Dutch control of Lombok and Karangasem.

Pedir Expedition
(1897-1898)  |  Dutch Empire | Aceh militia  | Victory
Siege of the International Legations
part of the Boxer Rebellion
(1900)  |  British Empire
United States
France
Russia
Germany
Italy
Austria-Hungary
Japan
Belgium
Dutch Empire
Spain |  Qing Dynasty
Yìhéquán | Victory
Unrest in Java[2]
(1900-1907)  |  Dutch Empire | Peasant rebels
Lone-wolf robbers
arsonists | Victory
Merauke uprising[2]
(1902)  |  Dutch Empire | Marind rebels  | Victory
Campaigns against Dayak[2] (Location: Kalimantan)
(1902-1907)  |  Dutch Empire | Dayak rebels | Victory
Kerinci Expedition
(1903)  |  Dutch Empire | Kerinci | Victory
Actions on Yapen[2]
(1903)  |  Dutch Empire | Tribes of Yapen | Victory
Resistance on Tidore[2]
(1904)  |  Dutch Empire | Tidore | Victory
South Sulawesi expedition
(1904-1905)  |  Dutch Empire | Bone
Luwu
Wajo | Victory
Dutch intervention in Bali
(1906)  |  Dutch Empire | Badung
Tabanan
Klungkung | Victory

* Dutch control of southern Bali.

Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908
(1908)  |  Dutch Empire |  Venezuela | Victory

* Overthrow of Cipriano Castro

Dutch intervention in Bali
(1908)  |  Dutch Empire | Balinese rebels  | Victory
World War II
(1940–1945)  |  Soviet Union
United States
United Kingdom
China
France
Poland
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
India
South Africa
Yugoslavia
Greece
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Belgium
Luxembourg
Czechoslovakia
Brazil
Mexico
Ethiopia

Italy (from 1943)
Romania (from 1944)
Bulgaria (from 1944)
Finland (from 1944)

|  Germany
Japan
Italy (until 1943)

Italian Social Republic
(from 23 Sep. 1943)
Hungary
Romania (until 1944)
Bulgaria (until 1944)
Finland (1941-1944)
Thailand
Manchukuo
Mengjiang
Croatia
Slovakia

| Victory

* Collapse of the Third Reich
* Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires
* Creation of the United Nations
* Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers
* Beginning of the Cold War

Indonesian National Revolution
(1940–1949)  |  Dutch Empire |  Indonesia

* PDRI
* TNI

Japanese volunteers (from 1946)
Supported by:
Soviet Union[3][4]

| Indonesian political victory
Dutch military victory[5]

* Indonesia secured its independence
* Dutch recognised United States of Indonesia in Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference

APRA coup d'état
(1950)  |  Indonesia
Netherlands |  Legion of the Just Ruler (APRA)  | Victory
Korean War
(1950–1953)  |  South Korea
United States
United Kingdom
Netherlands
United Nations |  North Korea
China
Soviet Union | Ceasefire

* Communist invasions of South Korea repelled
* Subsequent UN invasion of North Korea repelled
* Subsequent communist invasion of South Korea repelled

Operation Trikora
(1961–1962)  |  Dutch Empire |  Indonesia
Air and naval support by:
Soviet Union | Indonesian political victory[6][7]
Military stalemate[8][6]

* New York Agreement
Western New Guinea ceded to the United Nations.

Gulf War
(1990–1991)  |  Kuwait
United States
United Kingdom
Saudi Arabia
France
Egypt
Syria
Netherlands
Other Allies |  Iraq | Victory

* Kuwait regains its independence

Operation Krivaja '95
(6–11 July 1995)  |  Netherlands
Ukraine |  Republika Srpska
Serb Volunteer Guard
Scorpions paramilitary unit

Police, volunteers and paramilitaries from Yugoslavia
Greek volunteers
Russian volunteers

| Defeat

* Decisive Bosnian Serb victory
* Beginning of the Srebrenica massacre

Operation Deliberate Force
(30 August – 20 September 1995)  |  NATO
United States
United Kingdom
Netherlands
France
Germany
Italy
France
Turkey |  Republika Srpska | Victory

* Dayton Accords
* Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords
* Deployment of NATO-led IFOR to oversee the peace agreement
* Massive civilian casualties for the Bosniak ethnic group

Kosovo War
(1998–1999)  |  Kosovo Liberation Army
United States
United Kingdom
Netherlands
France
Canada
Denmark
Germany
Italy |  Yugoslavia | Victory

* Kumanovo Treaty
* Yugoslav forces pull out of Kosovo
* United Nations Resolution 1244
* NATO intervention
* KLA veterans join the UÇPMB, starting the Preševo insurgency
* Bulldozer Revolution in 2000

War in Afghanistan
(2001–2021)[9] |  Afghanistan
United States
United Kingdom
Canada
Netherlands
Germany
Italy
France
Denmark
Poland
Romania
Turkey
Australia
Spain
ISAF

|  Taliban
al-Qaeda
Haqqani network
Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin
United Tajik Opposition
IMU
Other groups | Defeat

* Fall of Taliban régime in 2001
* Osama bin Laden killed
* Taliban retakes Kabul
* Return of Taliban régime in 2021

Iraq War
(2003–2011)  |  United States
United Kingdom
Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein
Australia
Poland
Netherlands
Denmark
Iraqi Kurdistan |  Iraq under Saddam Hussein

* * *

Sunni insurgents

* al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004–2006)
* Islamic State of Iraq (2006–2011)[10]
* Islamic Army of Iraq
* Ansar al-Sunnah

* * *

Shia insurgents

* Mahdi Army
* Special Groups
* Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
* Others

| Victory

* Fall of Ba'athist rule in Iraq
* Occupation of southern Iraq
* Dutch withdrawal in 2009, conflict ended in 2011

Operation Ocean Shield
(2009–15 December 2016) [11]
Operation Atalanta
(2009–present)  |  EU
NATO
Netherlands |  Somali Pirates | Victory

* NATO and EU operations being conducted.
* Action of 5 April 2010
* Task Force Barracuda: sabotage of 5 Somali piracy mother ships

Libyan Civil War
(2011)  |  Anti-Gaddafi forces
United States
United Kingdom
France
Denmark
Netherlands
Italy
Canada
several Arab League states
Sweden |  Libyan Arab Jamahiriya:

* Armed forces
* Pro-Gaddafi Militia
* Foreign mercenaries

| Victory

* Fall of Gaddafi regime

* Muammar Gaddafi killed

* National Transitional Council take control

Dutch military intervention against ISIL
Dutch involvement in the Syrian Civil War
(2014–2019)  |  Netherlands |  Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Boko Haram

* * *

al-Nusra Front
Khorasan

* * *

Ahrar ash-Sham

| Victory

* Operation Inherent Resolve is in play.
* 2014 Iraqi intervention against ISIL
* Airstrikes on ISIL and al-Qaeda affiliates positions in Iraq and Syria
* Spillover of the Syrian Civil War: American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War

*   War of succession
*   War of conquest (territorial control)
*   Religious war (including the European wars of religion)
*   Economic war (including colonial wars)
*   Revolt or rebellion (political)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.
2. ^ Many member states of the Confederation of the Rhine defected after Battle of Leipzig.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Joined the Confederation of the Rhine on 11 December 1806.
2. ^ a b c d e Hagen, Piet (10 May 2018). "Opstanden, expedities en oorlogen". Koloniale oorlogen in Indonesië: Vijf eeuwen verzet tegen vreemde overheersing (in Dutch). Singel Uitgeverijen. ISBN 9789029524209.
3. ^ Wies Platje, 297–299
4. ^ J.D. Legge, 403
5. ^ Friend, Theodore (2003). Indonesian Destinies. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 35.
6. ^ a b Platje, Wies (2001). "Dutch Sigint and the Conflict with Indonesia 1950–62". Intelligence and National Security. 16 (1): 285–312\. doi:10.1080/714002840. S2CID 153528325.
7. ^ Soedjati Djiwandono, Konfrontasi Revisited, p. 135.
8. ^ "Operation Trikora – Indonesia's Takeover of West New Guinea". Pathfinder: Air Power Development Centre Bulletin (150): 1–2\. February 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
9. ^ "Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF). nato.int. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
10. ^ "President Barack Obama Speaks With VICE News". 16 March 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2023 – via www.youtube.com.
11. ^ "Home". nato.int.

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Lists of wars involving European countries

Sovereign states|

* Albania
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*   * Italy
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recognition|

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