List of wars of independence

This article is about wars of secession by a breakaway region from a state. For wars of succession during succession crises, see List of wars of succession.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "List of wars of independence" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Part of a series on

War
(outline)

History

* Prehistoric
* Ancient
* Thermal
* Gunpowder
* Timeline
* Post-classical
* Castles
* Early modern
* Military revolution
* Pike and shot
* Napoleonic warfare
* Late modern
* Industrial warfare
* Fourth-gen warfare
* AI warfare

Military

* Organization
* Command and control
* Defense ministry
* Reserves
* Ranks

* * *

* Branches:
* Army
* Navy
* Air force
* Marines
* Coast guard
* Border guard
* Special forces
* Cyber force
* Space force

* * *

* Specialties:
* Staff
* Engineers
* Intel
* Recon
* Medical
* Police
* Diving
* Pilot

* * *

* Land units:
* Infantry
* Armor
* Cavalry
* Artillery
* Special forces
* Signal corps

* * *

* Naval units:
* Warships
* Submarines
* Aircraft carriers
* Landing craft
* Auxiliary ships

* * *

* Air units:
* Fighters
* Bombers
* Command
* Close air support
* Electronic-warfare
* Reconnaissance

* * *

* Combat systems:
* Fire-control system
* Fire-control radar
* Director (military)
* Combat information center
* Sonar
* Radar

* * *

* Historical:
* Ship gun fire-control
* Gun data computer
* Torpedo data computer

* * *

* Development:
* Basic training
* Military manoeuvrers
* Combat training

Battlespace

* Aerospace
* Aerial
* Airborne
* Space

* * *

* Land
* Cold-region
* Desert
* Fortification
* Jungle
* Mountain
* Urban
* Subterranean
* Tunnel

* * *

* Sea
* Amphibious
* Blue
* Brown
* Green
* Surface
* Underwater
* Seabed

* * *

* Cyber
* Information

Weapons

* Air defence
* Armor
* Artillery
* Barrage
* Biological
* Camouflage
* Cavalry
* Horses
* Air cavalry
* Chemical
* Combined arms
* Conventional
* Cyber
* Denial
* Disinformation
* Drone / Robot
* Electromagnetic
* Firearms
* Infantry
* Loitering
* Missile
* Music
* Nuclear
* Psychological
* Radiological
* Submarine
* Unconventional

Tactics

List of military tactics

* Aerial
* Airlift
* Air assault
* Airbridge
* Airdrop
* Anti-aircraft
* Anti-sub
* Anti-tank
* Battle
* Cavalry
* Charge
* CQC
* Counterattack
* Counterinsurgency
* Convoy
* Defeat in detail
* Foxhole
* Drone
* Envelopment
* Formation
* Guerrilla
* Naval
* Rapid dominance
* Encirclement
* Investment
* Siege
* Swarm
* Screen
* Tactical objective
* Target saturation
* Trench
* Withdrawal

Operational

* Military operation
* Special
* Operations research
* Blitzkrieg
* Expeditionary
* Deep operation
* Maneuver
* Operational manoeuvre group
* Raid
* Covert
* Stay-behind

Strategy

List of military strategies and concepts

* Military campaign
* Anti-access
* Attrition
* Commerce raiding
* Counter-offensive
* Culminating
* Defence in depth
* Fabian
* Empty fort
* Mosaic
* Deception
* Defensive
* Depth
* Goal
* Nuclear
* Naval
* Offensive
* Scorched earth

Grand strategy

* Asymmetric
* Blockade
* Broken-backed
* Class
* Cold war
* Colonial
* Conquest
* Containment
* Divide and conquer
* Economic
* Endemic
* Fleet in being
* Irregular
* Liberation
* Limited
* Network-centric
* New generation
* Perpetual
* Political
* Princely
* Proxy
* Religious
* Resource
* Strategic
* Succession
* Technology
* Theater
* Total war
* World war

Administrative

* Branch
* Policy
* Staff
* Training
* Service
* Sociology

Organization

* Area of responsibility
* Chain of command
* Command and control
* Doctrine
* Order of battle
* Principles of war
* Economy of force
* Medicine
* Engineers
* Intelligence
* Ranks
* Technology and equipment

Personnel

* Recruitment
* Conscription
* Draft evasion
* Mobilization
* Training
* Specialism
* Soldier
* Morale
* Volunteer
* Women
* Children
* Transgender
* Harassment
* Conscientious objector
* Conscription and sexism
* Counter-recruitment

Logistics

* History
* War economy
* Arms industry
* Materiel
* Supply-chain management
* Military–industrial complex
* Base
* MOB
* FOB
* Outpost

Science

* Power projection
* Loss-of-strength gradient
* Lanchester's laws
* Force multiplication
* Morale

Law

* Belligerent
* Occupation
* Armistice
* Ceasefire
* Court-martial
* Desertion
* Geneva Conventions
* Geneva Protocol
* Islamic rules
* Justice
* Lawful / Unlawful combatant
* Perfidy
* Regular / Irregular
* Jewish laws on war
* Right of conquest
* Right of self-defence
* Rules of engagement
* Self-determination
* Martial law
* War crime
* War and genocide
* War treason

Theory

* Air supremacy
* Appeasement
* Command of the sea
* Deterrence theory
* Full-spectrum dominance
* Overmatch
* Unrestricted warfare
* Just war theory
* Principles of war
* Philosophy of war
* Security dilemma
* Tripwire force
* Wargaming
* Simulation
* Exercises
* Combat effectiveness
* Center of gravity

Non-warfare

* Arms control
* Counter-insurgency
* Deterrence
* Disaster response
* Grey-zone
* Gunboat diplomacy
* Humanitarian aid
* Law enforcement
* Low-intensity conflict
* Military engineering
* Peacekeeping
* Peacebuilding
* Peace through strength
* Show of force

Culture

* Awards and decorations
* Battle cry
* Warrior
* War film
* Military science fiction
* War novel
* Anti-war movement
* Foot drill
* War song
* Uniform
* Wargame
* Militarization / Militarism
* Antimilitarism
* Camp follower

Books

* Seven Military Classics
* The Art of War
* De re militari
* Strategemata

Related

* Women in war
* War resister
* War studies
* Horses in warfare
* Wartime sexual violence
* Fifth column
* Mercenary
* Pacifism
* Privateer
* Private military company
* Soldiers are murderers

Lists

* Battles
* Military occupations
* Military terms
* Operations
* Sieges
* War crimes
* Wars
* Weapons
* Writers

* v
* t
* e

This is a list of wars of independence, including armed conflicts fought for independence of a nation. These wars may or may not have been successful in achieving a goal of independence.

## List

[edit]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Independence failed
Independence succeeded

De facto independence with limited recognition

Autonomy granted

Stalemate
Ongoing conflict
Dates  | Name  | Independent state  | Anti-independence state  | Result

|
|
|
|

722–710 BC  | Rebellion of
Merodach-Baladan II |  Babylonia |  Assyria | Restoration of Babylonian independence from Assyria in 722 BC; reconquest of Babylonia by Assyria in 710 BC
701 BC  | Sennacherib's campaign in the Levant | Phoenicia,
Philistia,
Judah |  Assyria | Defeat of rebel states; reestablishment of Assyrian control over the Levant
626–620 BC  | Rebellion of Nabopolassar |  Babylonia |  Assyria | Creation of the Neo-Babylonian Empire; beginning of the Medo-Babylonian conquest of the Assyrian Empire
601–586 BC  | Judah's revolts against Babylon |  Judah |  Babylonia | Destruction of the Kingdom of Judah; Babylonian captivity
499–493 BC  | Ionian Revolt | Ionia,
Aeolis,
Doris,
Caria,
Cyprus |  Persia | Defeat of Greek insurgents; beginning of the first Persian invasion of Greece
484 BC  | Babylonian revolts |  Babylonia |  Persia | Defeat of Babylonian insurgents
460–454 BC  | Rebellion of Inaros II |  Egypt |  Persia | Defeat of Egyptian insurgents
411–400 BC  | Rebellion of Amyrtaeus |  Egypt |  Persia | Restoration of Egyptian independence from Persia
335 BC  | Battle of Thebes | Thebes |  Macedonia | Destruction of Thebes
323–322 BC  | Lamian War | Central Greek states led by  Athens |  Macedonia | Defeat of rebel Greek states; reestablishment of Macedonian control over central Greece
206–186 BC  | Great Theban Revolt |  Upper Egypt | Ptolemaic Empire | Defeat of Egyptian insurgents
167–141 BC  | Maccabean Revolt |  Judea |  Seleucid Empire | Independence of Judea from the Seleucid Empire; creation of the Jewish Hasmonean dynasty
155–139 BC  | Lusitanian War | Lusitanian tribes |  Roman Republic | Defeat of Lusitanian insurgents; annexation of Lusitania by the Roman Republic
54–50 BC  | Gaul revolts from Gallic Wars | Gaulish tribes |  Roman Republic | Defeat of Gaulish insurgents; annexation of Gaul by the Roman Republic
6–9  | Great Illyrian Revolt | Illyrian tribes |  Roman Empire | Defeat of Illyrian insurgents
9  | Battle of the Teutoburg Forest | Germanic tribes |  Roman Empire | Liberation of Germania from Roman rule
15–24  | Tacfarinas revolt | Musulamii,
Mauri,
Garamantes,
Gaetuli |  Roman Empire | Defeat of Berber insurgents; consolidation of Roman rule in Africa
40–43  | Trung sisters' rebellion | Lạc Việt |  Han China | Rebellion suppressed; reestablishment of Chinese rule in Vietnam
60–61  | Boudican revolt | Brittonic tribes |  Roman Empire | Defeat of Celtic Briton insurgents
66–135  | Jewish–Roman wars |  Judea |  Roman Empire | Defeat of Jewish insurgents; Jewish diaspora
192  | Khu Liên revolt | Lâm Ấp (Champa)  |  Han China | Independence of Lâm Ấp from China
260–274  | Postumus revolt | Gallic Empire |  Roman Empire | Disestablishment of the Gallic Empire; reestablishment of Roman imperial rule in Gaul, Hispania, and Britain
270–273  | Zenobia's revolt | Palmyrene Empire |  Roman Empire | Disestablishment of the Palmyrene Empire; reestablishment of Roman imperial rule in Egypt, Palestine, Phoenicia, Syria, and Anatolia
286–296  | Carausian revolt | Britannic Empire |  Roman Empire | Disestablishment of the Britannic Empire; reestablishment of Roman imperial rule in Britain and northern Gaul
372–375  | Firmus revolt | Numidia |  Roman Empire | Defeat of Berber insurgents
484–573  | Samaritan revolts |  Samaria |  Byzantine Empire | Defeat of Samaritan insurgents
541–543  | Lý Bí revolt | Vietnam |  Liang China | Independence of Vietnam from Chinese rule
660–663  | Baekje revival movement | Baekje Korea |  Tang China
Silla Korea | Movement defeated; Baekje initially annexed by China, subsequently ransferred to Silla after the Silla-Tang War
698  | Battle of Tianmenling | Balhae |  Zhou China | Independence of Balhae from China
720–832  | Bashmurian revolts | Bashmur |  Umayyad Caliphate (720–750)
Abbasid Caliphate (750–832)  | Defeat of Egyptian Coptic insurgents
722  | Battle of Covadonga |  Asturias |  Umayyad Caliphate | Asturias retains independence; beginning of the Reconquista
740–743  | Berber Revolt | Barghawata,
Tlemcen,
Sijilmasa |  Umayyad Caliphate | Independence of Berber states in western Maghreb from the Umayyad Caliphate
782–804  | Saxon revolts from Saxon Wars | Saxony |  Carolingian Empire | Defeat of Saxon insurgents; Frankish annexation of Saxony
782–793  | Frisian revolts against Frankish rule | Frisia |  Carolingian Empire | Defeat of Frisian insurgents
816–837  | Babak's revolt |  Khurramites |  Abbasid Caliphate | Defeat of Persian insurgents
824  | Second Battle of Roncevaux Pass |  Pamplona
(Basques)  |  Carolingian Empire | Creation of the Kingdom of Pamplona
841–847  | Yu'firid conquest of Yemen | Yu'firids |  Abbasid Caliphate | Independence of Yemen from the Abbasid Caliphate
864–869  | Uprising of Hasan ibn Zayd | Alavids |  Abbasid Caliphate | Independence of Tabaristan from the Abbasid Caliphate
938  | Battle of Bạch Đằng | Vietnam | Southern Han | Independence of Vietnam from Chinese rule
1011–1013  | Jarrahid revolt | Jarrahids |  Fatimid Caliphate | Defeat of Bedouin insurgents; reestablishment of Fatimid rule in Palestine
1024–1029  | Bedouin uprising | Jarrahids,
Mirdasids,
Kalbs |  Fatimid Caliphate | Defeat of Bedouin insurgents; reestablishment of Fatimid rule in Palestine, Damascus and Homs
1038–1047  | Miecław's Rebellion | Miecław's State |  Poland | Defeat of Miecław; reintegration of Mazovia into Poland
1067–1075  | Anglo-Saxon resistance to Norman rule |  England |  Normandy | Defeat of Anglo-Saxon insurgents
1128  | Battle of São Mamede |  Portugal |  León | Independence of Portugal from León
1185–1188  | Uprising of Asen and Peter |  Bulgaria |  Byzantine Empire | Restoration of Bulgarian independence from the Byzantine Empire; creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire
1238  | Rebellion of Bang Klang Hao | Thailand | Cambodia | Independence of Thailand from Cambodia
1270–1273  | Sambyeolcho Rebellion |  Sambyeolcho |  Yuan Empire (Mongols)  | Defeat of Korean insurgents; Korea as a vassal state of the Yuan Empire
1282  | Sicilian Vespers |  Sicily |  Angevin-Neapolitan monarchy | Liberation of Sicilly from Angevin regime
1296–1357  | Wars of Scottish Independence |  Scotland |  England | Scotland retains independence
1300–1301  | Second Mongol invasion of Myanmar | Myinsaing |  Yuan Empire
(Mongols)  | Myinsaing retains independence; withdrawal of Yuan forces from Upper Burma
1327  | Tver Uprising |  Tver |  Golden Horde
(Mongols)  | Defeat of Russian insurgents
1343–1345  | Saint George's Night Uprising | Estonians |  Denmark
Teutonic Order | Defeat of Estonian insurgents; transferral of Estonia from Denmark to the Teutonic Order
1346–1347  | Rebellion of Ismail Mukh | Bahmani Sultanate |  Delhi Sultanate | Creation of the Bahmani Sultanate; loss of Delhi's control over the Deccan
1351–1368  | Red Turban Rebellions |  Ming China |  Yuan Empire
(Mongols)  | Creation of the Chinese Ming dynasty; Yuan retreat to the Mongolian Plateau
1353–1359  | Ekdala Wars |  Bengal |  Delhi Sultanate | Independence of Bengal from Delhi
1400–1415  | Glyndŵr rebellion |  Wales |  England | Defeat of Welsh insurgents; reestablishment of English rule in Wales
1418–1427  | Lam Sơn uprising | Vietnam |  Ming China | Restoration of Vietnamese independence from Chinese rule
1432–1479  | Albanian–Ottoman Wars |  Albanian League |  Ottoman Empire | Independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire in 1444; reconquest of Albania by the Ottoman Empire in 1479
1468–1500  | Kazakh War of Independence | Kazakh Khanate | Uzbek Khanate | Kazakh Khanate retains independence
1480  | Battle of the Ugra |  Muscovy |  Great Horde
(Mongols)  | End of the Tatar yoke in Russia
1499  | Swabian War |  Old Swiss Confederacy |  Holy Roman Empire | De facto independence of Switzerland from the Holy Roman Empire
1500  | Rebellion of Oyake Akahachi | Ishigaki |  Ryukyu | Rebellion suppressed; Sakishima Islands annexed by Ryukyu
1515–1523  | Frisian peasant rebellion | Frisia |  Habsburg Netherlands | Defeat of Frisian insurgents
1521–1523  | Swedish War of Liberation |  Sweden |  Kalmar Union | Restoration of Swedish independence from the Kalmar Union
1536–1537  | Siege of Cusco |  Inca Empire |  Spain | Inca retreat to Vilcabamba
1540–1542  | Mixtón War | Caxcans |  Spain | Defeat of Native Mexican insurgents
1552–1556  | Kazan rebellion |  Kazan |  Russia | Defeat of Tatar insurgents
1568–1571  | Morisco Revolt |  Moriscos |  Spain | Defeat of Morisco insurgents
1568–1648  | Eighty Years' War |  Netherlands |  Spain | Independence of the Netherlands from Spain
1573  | Uprising of Mohamed Thakurufaanu |  Maldives |  Portugal | Restoration of Maldivian independence from Portugal
1576–1612  | Baro-Bhuyan resistance to Mughal rule | Baro-Bhuyans |  Mughal Empire | Defeat of Baro-Bhuyans; Bengal totally under Mughal control
1584–1593  | Nandric War |  Thailand |  Myanmar | Restoration of Thailand's independence from Myanmar
1586–1589  | Kashmiri resistance to Mughal rule |  Kashmir |  Mughal Empire | Defeat of Kashmiri insurgents
1591  | Lan Xang Restoration | Laos |  Myanmar | Restoration of Laos' independence from Myanmar
1593–1603  | Tyrone's Rebellion |  Irish confederacy |  England | Defeat of Irish clans; annexation of Gaelic Ireland by Tudors
1594  | Uprising in Banat |  Serbia |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat of Serb insurgents
1596–1597  | Grdan's Uprising
1598  | First Tarnovo Uprising |  Bulgaria |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat of Bulgarian insurgents
1598–1604  | Destruction of the Seven Cities |  Mapuches |  Spain | Elimination of Spanish settlements south of the Bio-Bio River in Chile
1604–1606  | Bocskai uprising |  Hungary |  Habsburg monarchy | Recognition of the independent Principality of Transylvania
1618–1620  | Bohemian Revolt |  Bohemia |  Habsburg monarchy | Defeat of Czech insurgents; abolishment of the elective monarchy of Bohemia in favour of the hereditary succession of Habsburg monarchs
1640–1659  | Reapers' War |  Catalan Republic |  Spain | Partition of Catalonia between Spain and France
1640–1668  | Portuguese Restoration War |  Portugal |  Spain | Restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain
1647–1648  | Neapolitan Revolt of 1647 |  Neapolitan Republic |  Spain | Revolt suppressed
1648–1657  | Khmelnytsky Uprising |  Cossack Hetmanate |  Poland–Lithuania | Independence of Ukraine from Poland–Lithuania
1669–1672  | Shakushain's revolt |  Ainu |  Edo Japan | Defeat of Ainu insurgents; consolidation of Japanese control over Hokkaido
1673–1681  | Revolt of the Three Feudatories | Zhou |  Qing Empire | Defeat of Han Chinese insurgents; consolidation of Qing rule in Southern China
1675–1678  | King Philip's War | Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands |  New England Confederation | Defeat of Native Americans
1679–1707  | Rathore rebellion |  Marwar |  Mughal Empire | Marwar retains independence
1680–1696  | Pueblo Revolts | Puebloans |  Spain | Liberation of New Mexico from Spanish rule in 1680; recapture of New Mexico by Spain in 1692
1703–1711  | Rákóczi's War of Independence |  Hungary |  Habsburg monarchy | Defeat of Hungarian insurgents
1715–1717  | Yamasee War | Yamasees |  South Carolina | Defeat of Native American insurgents
1722–1730  | Syunik rebellion |  Armenia |  Safavid Iran
Ottoman Empire | Defeat of Armenian insurgents
1729–1731  | Natchez revolt | Natchez |  France | Defeat of Native American insurgents
1729–1769  | Corsican Revolution |  Corsican Republic |  Genoa (1729–1768)
France (1768–1769)  | De facto independence of Corisca from Genoa in 1755; disestablishment of the Corsican Republic in 1769; annexation of Corsica by France
1740  | Mon revolt |  Hanthawaddy |  Myanmar | Independence of Lower Burma; beginning of the Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War
1742–1752  | Juan Santos Rebellion |  Native Peruvians |  Spain | Liberation of Yungas from Spanish rule
1744–1829  | Dagohoy rebellion |  Bohol |  Spain | Defeat of Philippine insurgents
1754–1762  | Rebellion of Sukh Jiwan Mal |  Kashmir |  Durrani Afghanistan | Independence of Kashmir from Afghanistan in 1754; reconquest of Kashmir by Afghanistan in 1762
1763–1766  | Pontiac's War | Indigenous peoples in the Great Lakes region |  Britain | Establishment of the Indian Reserve
1767  | Battle of Phosamton |  Thailand |  Myanmar | Liberation of Thailand from Burmese occupation
1770  | Orlov revolt |  Greece |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat of Greek insurgents
1775–1783  | American Revolutionary War |  United States |  Britain | Independence of the United States from Britain
1780–1783  | Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II |  Native Peruvians |  Spain | Rebellion suppressed
1781  | Rebellion of Túpac Katari |  Native Bolivians |  Spain | Rebellion suppressed
1785–1795  | Northwest Indian War | Northwestern Confederacy |  United States | Defeat of Native Americans; annexation of the Old Northwest by the United States
1789–1790  | Brabant Revolution |  United Belgian States |  Habsburg monarchy | Revolution suppressed; reestablishment of Austrian rule in Belgium
1791–1804  | Haitian Revolution |  Haiti |  France | Independence of Haiti from France
1794  | Kościuszko Uprising |  Poland–Lithuania |  Russia
Prussia | Third Partition of Poland; fall of Poland–Lithuania
1794–1796  | British Invasion of Corsica |  Kingdom of Corsica |  France | French reconquest of Corsica
1798–1804  | Irish Rebellion of 1798 |  Irish Republic |  Britain | Defeat of Irish insurgents; abolition of the Parliament of Ireland; establishment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1802–1805  | Russo-Tlingit War[ru] | Tlingits |  Russian-American Company | Defeat of Native Alaskan insurgents
1804–1817  | Serbian Revolution |  Serbia |  Ottoman Empire | Establishment of the Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty
1806  | Vellore Mutiny |  Mysore |  British East India Company | Revolt suppressed
1806–1807  | Greater Poland uprising of 1806 |  Poland |  Prussia | Creation of the Napoleonic Poland
1807  | Tunisian–Algerian War of 1807 |  Tunisia |  Algeria | Liberation of Tunisia from Algerian suzerainty
1808–1814  | Peninsular War |  Portugal
Spain |  France | Restoration of independent Portugal and Spain from France
1810s–1820s  | Latin American wars of independence |  Spain | Independence of many Spanish-American colonies from Spain
Bolivian War of Independence |  Bolivia
Ecuadorian War of Independence |  Ecuador
Venezuelan War of Independence |  Venezuela
Argentine War of Independence |  Río de la Plata
Colombian War of Independence |  Colombia
Mexican War of Independence |  Mexico
Chilean War of Independence |  Chile
Paraguay campaign |  Paraguay |  Río de la Plata
Peruvian War of Independence |  Peru |  Spain
1810–1813  | Tecumseh's War | Tecumseh's confederacy |  United States | Defeat of Native American insurgents
1813  | German campaign |  German states |  France | Dissolution of the Rhine Confederation
1814  | Swedish–Norwegian War |  Norway |  Sweden | Convention of Moss; establishment of the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
1817  | Pattimura War[id] |  Ambon |  Netherlands | Defeat of Ambonese insurgents
1817  | Pernambucan revolt |  Pernambuco |  Portugal | Defeat of Brazilian insurgents
1817–1819  | Third Anglo-Maratha War |  Maratha |  British East India Company | Dissolution of the Maratha Confederacy; Britain takes over all Maratha territories
1817–1864  | Caucasian War |  Circassian Confederation
Principality of Abkhazia
Caucasian Imamate |  Russia | Annexation of North Caucasus by Russia; Circassian genocide
1821–1829  | Greek War of Independence |  Greece |  Ottoman Empire | Independence of Greece from the Ottoman Empire
1822–1824  | Brazilian War of Independence |  Brazil |  Portugal | Independence of Brazil from Portugal
1824  | Confederation of the Equator |  Confederation of the Equator |  Brazil | Revolt suppressed
1825–1828  | Cisplatine War |  Uruguay |  Brazil
Río de la Plata | Disputation between Brazil and Río de la Plata; independence of Uruguay from Brazil
1825–1830  | Java War |  Java |  Netherlands | Defeat of Javanese insurgents
1826–1828  | Anouvong's Rebellion |  Vientiane
Champasak |  Thailand | Defeat of rebel Lao states; beginning of the Siamese–Vietnamese War
1830–1831  | November Uprising |  Poland |  Russia | Defeat of Polish insurgents; liquidation of autonomy of Congress Poland
1830–1839  | Belgian Revolution |  Belgium |  Netherlands | Independence of Belgium from the Netherlands
1830–1875  | Pacification of Algeria |  Emirate of Mascara |  France | Disestablishment of the Emirate of Mascara; defeat of Algerian insurgents
1831–1832  | Bosnian uprising |  Bosnia |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat of Bosnian Muslim insurgents
1834–1835  | Ja Thak Wa uprising | Champa |  Vietnam | Defeat of Cham insurgents
1835–1836  | Texas Revolution |  Texas |  Mexico | De facto independence of Texas from Mexico
1835–1845  | Ragamuffin War |  Riograndense Republic
Juliana Republic |  Brazil | Juliana and Riograndense disestablished and reintegrated into Brazil
1836–1839  | War of the Confederation |  Peru |  Peru–Bolivian Confederation | Restoration of Peruvian independence; dissolution of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
1837–1838  | Rebellions of 1837–1838 |  Republic of Lower Canada
Republic of Canada |  Britain | Defeat of insurgents; unification of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada
1838–1840  | Second Central American Civil War |  Guatemala
Nicaragua
Honduras |  Federal Republic of Central America | Dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America
1839–1840  | Rio Grande rebellion |  Republic of the Rio Grande |  Mexico | Rebellion suppressed
1840–1841  | Cambodian rebellion of 1840 |  Cambodia |  Vietnam | Independence of Cambodia from Vietnam
1840–1843  | First separation of Yucatán |  Republic of Yucatán |  Mexico | Yucatán as a state of Mexico
1843  | Gwalior campaign |  Gwalior |  British East India Company | Defeat of Gwalior
1844–1847  | Franco-Tahitian War |  Tahiti
Huahine
Raiatea
Bora Bora |  France | Tahiti under French protection; Huahine, Raiatea, and Bora Bora retain independence
1844–1856  | Dominican War of Independence |  Dominican Republic |  Haiti | Independence of the Dominican Republic from Haiti
1846  | Kraków uprising |  Poland |  Austria | Defeat of Polish insurgents; annexation of Kraków by Austria
1847–1915  | Caste War of Yucatán |  Maya state of Chan Santa Cruz |  Mexico | De facto independence of the Maya state in 1849; disestablishment of the Maya state in 1901; Mexico recaptures the Yucatan Peninsula
1848  | Poznań Uprising |  Poland |  Prussia | Defeat of Polish insurgents; transformation of the Grand Duchy of Posen into the Province of Posen
1848–1849  | Hungarian Revolution of 1848 |  Hungary |  Austria | Revolution suppressed; Hungary placed under military dictatorship until the 1867 Compromise
1848–1866  | Italian Wars of Independence[1] |  Italy |  Austria | Creation of the Kingdom of Italy; unification of the Italian peninsula
1848–1849  | Second Anglo-Sikh war |  Sikh Empire |  British East India Company | Fall of the Sikh Empire; Britain's annexation of Punjab
1848–1849  | Los Altan rebellion |  Los Altos |  Guatemala | Rebellion suppressed
1856–1873  | Panthay Rebellion |  Dali sultanate |  Qing Empire | Defeat of Chinese Muslim insurgents
1857–1858  | First War of Indian Independence |  Mughal Empire |  British East India Company | Fall of the Mughal Empire; transferral of East India Company's power to the government of Britain
1861–1865  | American Civil War |  Confederate States |  United States (Union)  | Dissolution of the Confederacy; reintegration of the Confederate states into the United States
1861–1883  | Pacification of Araucanía |  Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia |  Chile | Defeat of the Mapuche; annexation of Araucanía by Chile
1862–1877  | Tongzhi Hui Revolt |  Yettishar |  Qing Empire | Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
1863–1865  | January Uprising |  Poland |  Russia | Defeat of Polish insurgents
1863–1865  | Dominican Restoration War |  Dominican Republic |  Spain | Restoration of Dominican independence from Spanish occupation
1868  | Lares revolt |  Republic of Puerto Rico |  Spain | Defeat of Puerto Rican insurgents
1868–1878  | Ten Years' War |  Republic of Cuba in Arms |  Spain | Defeat of Cuban insurgents
1874–1903  | Acehnese resistance to Dutch rule |  Aceh |  Netherlands | Defeat of Acehnese insurgents
1876  | April Uprising |  Bulgaria |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat of Bulgarian insurgents; beginning of the Russo-Turkish War, which led to de facto independence of Bulgaria in 1878
1876–1878  | Serbian Wars for Independence |  Serbia |  Ottoman Empire | Independence of Serbia from the Ottoman Empire
1877  | Romanian War of Independence |  Romania |  Ottoman Empire | Independence of Romania from the Ottoman Empire
1879–1880  | Uprising of Sheikh Ubeydullah |  Kurdistan |  Ottoman Empire
Qajar Iran | Defeat of Kurdish insurgents
1880–1881  | First Boer War |  South African Republic |  Britain | Restoration of the South African Republic
1881–1899  | Mahdist War |  Mahdist Sudan |  Egypt (1881–1882)
Britain (1882–1899)  | Disestablishment of Mahdist Sudan; establishment of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
1882  | Anglo-Egyptian War |  Egypt |  Britain | British occupation of Egypt
1885–1895  | Burmese resistance to British rule |  Myanmar |  Britain | Revolts suppressed
1885–1896  | Cần Vương movement |  Vietnam |  France | Defeat of Vietnamese insurgents
1887–1897  | Leewards War |  Huahine
Raiatea
Bora Bora |  France | Defeat of Tahitian insurgents; annexation of the Leeward Islands into French Polynesia
1888–1889  | Abushiri revolt | Swahili coast |  German East Africa Company | Defeat of Arab and Swahili insurgents; transferral of Mainland Tanzania from the German East Africa Company to the government of Germany
1895  | Taiwanese resistance to Japanese invasion |  Formosan Republic |  Japan | Defeat of Taiwanese militia; annexation of Taiwan by Japan
1895–1898  | Cuban War of Independence |  Cuba |  Spain | Independence of Cuba from Spain after four years of American occupation
1896–1898  | Philippine Revolution |  Philippines |  Spain | Creation of the First Philippine Republic; beginning of the Philippine–American War
1896–1903  | Menalamba rebellion |  Madagascar |  France | Defeat of Merina insurgents; consolidation of French rule in Madagascar
1899–1913  | Philippine–American War |  Philippines |  United States | Philippines defeated and annexed by the United States
1899–1920  | Somali Dervish movement |  Somalia |  Britain
Italy | Dissolution of the movement
1903  | Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising |  Kruševo Republic
Strandzha Commune |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat of Macedonian and Bulgarian insurgents
1905–1907  | Maji Maji Rebellion | Matumbi,
Ngindo,
Ngoni,
Yao |  Germany | Defeat of Tanzanian insurgents
1905–1910  | Righteous Armies wars |  Korea |  Japan | Defeat of Korean militia; annexation of Korea by Japan
1912  | Battle of Khovd |  Mongolia |  Qing Empire | Liberation of Outer Mongolia from Qing rule; de facto independence of Outer Mongolia from China
1912  | First Expulsion of the Han |  Tibet |  Qing Empire | Liberation of Tibet from Qing rule; de facto independence of Tibet from China
1912  | Battle of Sidi Bou Othman | Morocco |  France | Defeat of Moroccan insurgents; annexation of southern Morocco into the French protectorate
1914–1915  | Boer revolt |  Transvaal Republic |  South Africa | Defeat of Boer insurgents; occupation of German South West Africa by South Africa
1915–1918  | Senussi campaign |  Senussi Order |  Italy | Defeat of the Senussi Order; reestablishment of Italian rule in Libya
1916–1921  | Irish Revolution |  Ireland |  Britain | Anglo-Irish Treaty; establishment of the Irish Free State; partition of Ireland
1916–1917  | Kaocen revolt | Tuaregs |  France | Revolt suppressed
1916–1918  | Arab Revolt |  Hejaz |  Ottoman Empire | Independence of the Hejaz from the Ottoman Empire; partition of the remaining Ottoman-controlled Arab territories in the Levant and Iraq by Britain and France
1916–1934  | Basmachi movement |  Turkestan |  Soviet Russia (1917–1922)
Soviet Union (1922–1934)  | Defeat of the movement; Turkestan conquered by the Red Army
1917–1921  | Ukrainian War of Independence |  Ukraine |  Soviet Russia
Poland | Independence of Ukraine from Russia; partition of Ukraine by the Soviet Union and Poland
1918–1919  | Poznań War |  Poland |  Germany | Independence of Poland from Germany
1918–1920  | Estonian War of Independence |  Estonia |  Soviet Russia | Independence of Estonia from the Russian Empire/Russian SFSR
1918–1920  | Latvian War of Independence |  Latvia |  Soviet Russia | Independence of Latvia from the Russian Empire/Russian SFSR
1918–1920  | Lithuanian War of Independence |  Lithuania |  Soviet Russia
Poland | Independence of Lithuania from the Russian Empire/Russian SFSR and Poland
1919–1920  | Revolt of the Ingrian Finns |  North Ingria |  Soviet Russia | Defeat of Ingrian insurgents; Genocide of the Ingrian Finns
1919  | Christmas Uprising |  Montenegrin Greens |  Yugoslavia | Uprising suppressed; Montenegro integrated into Yugoslavia
1919  | Third Anglo-Afghan War |  Afghanistan |  Britain | Britain recognizes Afghanistan's independence
1919–1923  | Turkish War of Independence |  Turkey |  Ottoman Empire
Greece
France
Britain
Armenia | Creation of the Republic of Turkey; fall of the Ottoman Empire; replacement of the Treaty of Sèvres by the Treaty of Lausanne
1919–1924  | Mahmud Barzanji revolts |  Kingdom of Kurdistan |

* Britain
* Iraq

| Defeat of Kurdish insurgents
1920  | Franco-Syrian War |  Arab Kingdom of Syria |  France | Disestablishment of the Arab Kingdom of Syria; establishment of French Syria
1920  | Iraqi Revolt |  Iraq |  Britain | Anglo-Iraqi Treaty; establishment of the Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration
1920  | Ganja revolt |  Azerbaijan |  Soviet Russia | Defeat of Azerbaijani insurgents
1920  | Slutsk uprising |  Belarus |  Soviet Russia | Defeat of Belarusian insurgents
1920–1926  | Rif War |  Rif Republic |  Spain | Disestablishment of the Rif Republic; consolidation of Spanish rule in Rif
1921  | February Uprising |  Mountainous Armenia |  Soviet Russia | Defeat of Armenian insurgents
1921  | Mongolian People's Revolution |  Mongolia |  China | Restoration of Outer Mongolian independence from Chinese occupation; creation of the Mongolian People's Republic
1921–1922  | East Karelian uprising |  Karelian United Government |  Soviet Russia | Defeat of East Karelian insurgents
1922–1932  | Second Italo-Senussi War |  Senussi Order |  Fascist Italy | Defeat of the Senussi Order; consolidation of Italian rule in Libya; Libyan genocide
1924  | August Uprising |  Committee for the Independence of Georgia |  Soviet Union | Defeat of Georgian insurgents; consolidation of Soviet rule in Georgia
1924–1925  | Tungus Uprising |  Tungus Republic |  Soviet Union | Peace surrender of Yakut and Tungusic insurgents
1925–1927  | Great Syrian Revolt | Syria |  France | Defeat of Syrian insurgents
1927–1931  | Ararat rebellion |  Republic of Ararat |  Turkey | Defeat of Kurdish insurgents
1931–1934  | Kumul Rebellion |  East Turkestan |  China | Defeat of Uyghur insurgents
1936–1939  | Arab revolt in Palestine |  Arab Higher Committee |  Britain | Rebellion suppressed
1936–1939  | Waziristan uprising |  Waziristan |  Britain | Defeat of Pashtun insurgents
1939–1945  | Polish resistance movement in World War II |  Polish Underground State
People's Guard |  Nazi Germany | Restoration of Polish statehood after occupation of Poland; establishment of the Provisional Government of National Unity
1940–1941  | Abyssinian campaign |  Ethiopia |  Fascist Italy | Restoration of Ethiopian independence from Italy after three years of British administration
1940–1944  | 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya |  Provisional Popular Revolutionary Government of Chechnya-Ingushetia |  Soviet Union | Insurgency suppressed; deportation of the Chechens and Ingushes to Central Asia
1941–1942  | Japanese invasion of Myanmar |  State of Burma |  Britain | Creation of the State of Burma under Japanese occupation
1941–1945  | Yugoslav National Liberation War |  Yugoslavia |  Nazi Germany
Fascist Italy
Hungary
Bulgaria | Creation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1942–1944  | Albanian National Liberation Movement |  Albania |  Fascist Italy (1942–1943)
Nazi Germany (1943–1944)  | Creation of the People's Republic of Albania
1944  | Operation U-Go |  Free India |  Britain | Operation defeated
1944–1946  | Ili Rebellion |  East Turkestan |  China | Establishment of the Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province
1944–1948  | Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine |  Jewish Resistance Movement |  Britain | Creation of the State of Israel; beginning of the First Arab–Israeli War
1944–1956  | Guerrilla war in the Baltic states |  Lithuanian partisans
Latvian partisans
Estonian partisans |  Soviet Union | Defeat of insurgents
1945  | 1945 PETA revolt in Blitar |  Defenders of the Homeland |  Japan | Defeat of Indonesian insurgents
1945  | Burmese Army's resistance to Japanese occupation |  Burma Independence Army |  Japan | Myanmar returns to British rule and later becomes independent
1945  | August Revolution |  Democratic Republic of Vietnam |  Japan | Creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam; beginning of the First Indochina War
1945–1949  | Indonesian National Revolution |  Indonesia |  Netherlands | Independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands
1946–1954  | First Indochina War |  North Vietnam
South Vietnam
Laos
Cambodia |  France | Independence of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia from French rule; partition of Vietnam
1947–1949  | Malagasy Uprising | Madagascar |  France | Defeat of Malagasy insurgents
1948–1949  | First Arab–Israeli War |  Israel |  Arab League | State of Israel established over 78% of the territory of former Mandatory Palestine; the rest under Jordanian and Egyptian control
1948–ongoing  | Insurgency in Balochistan |  Kalat
Balochistan Liberation Army |  Pakistan
Iran | Ongoing; Pakistani counter-insurgency launched in 2024
1948–1960  | Malayan Emergency |  Malayan Communist Party |  Britain | Communist insurgency continues after Malayan independence from Britain in 1957
1950–1954  | Puerto Rican Nationalist Party insurgency |  Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico |  United States | Revolts suppressed
1950–1963  | Ambonese resistance to Indonesian rule |  South Maluku |  Indonesia | South Maluku defeated and annexed by Indonesia
1952–1960  | Mau Mau rebellion |  Kenya Land and Freedom Army |  Britain | Rebellion suppressed
1954–1962  | Algerian War |  Algeria |  France | Independence of Algeria from France
1954–ongoing  | Insurgency in Northeast India | Separatist groups in Northeast India |  India | Ongoing (low level insurgency)
1955–1959  | Cyprus Emergency |  Cyprus |  Britain | Independence of Cyprus from Britain
1955–2005  | South Sudanese wars of independence |  South Sudan |  Sudan | Independence of South Sudan from Sudan after six years of autonomy
1956  | Hungarian Uprising |  Hungary |  Soviet Union | Uprising suppressed; Hungary remains a communist state until 1989 democratization
1959  | 1959 Tibetan uprising |  Tibet |  People's Republic of China | Defeat of Tibetan insurgents; abolition of the Tibetan Government; Tibetan diaspora
1959–2011  | Basque conflict |  Basque National Liberation Movement |  Spain
France | Dissolution of ETA
1960–1963  | Katanga and South Kasai secessions |  State of Katanga
South Kasai |  Congo-Léopoldville | Katanga and South Kasai defeated and reintegrated into Congo-Léopoldville
1961–1963  | Aden Emergency |  South Yemen |  Britain | Independence of South Yemen from Britain
1961–1974  | Angolan War of Independence |  Angola |  Portugal | Independence of Angola from Portugal
1961–1991  | Eritrean War of Independence |  Eritrea |  Ethiopia | Independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia
1962  | Brunei revolt |  Brunei People's Party |  Britain | Defeat of Bruneian insurgents who aim to found the North Borneo Federation; abstention of Brunei from joining Malaysia
1962–1982  | Rwenzururu movement |  Rwenzururu |  Uganda | Autonomy granted to Rwenzururu
1962–1990  | Communist insurgency in Sarawak |  North Kalimantan Communist Party |  Britain (1962–1963)
Malaysia (1963–1990)  | Dissolution of NKCP
1962–ongoing  | Papua conflict |  Free Papua Movement |  Indonesia | Ongoing
1963–1974  | Guinea-Bissau War of Independence |  Guinea-Bissau |  Portugal | Independence of Guinea-Bissau from Portugal
1963–1977  | Dhofar War |  Dhofar Liberation Front |  Oman | Defeat of Dhofari insurgents
1964–1974  | Mozambican War of Independence |  Mozambique |  Portugal | Independence of Mozambique from Portugal
1966–1988  | Namibian War of Independence |  Namibia |  South Africa | Independence of Namibia from South Africa
1967–1970  | Nigerian Civil War |  Biafra |  Nigeria | Biafra defeated and reintegrated into Nigeria
1968–2019  | Moro conflict |  Bangsamoro |  Philippines | Peace agreement; establishment of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority
1970–ongoing  | Western Sahara conflict |  Sahrawi Republic |  Spain (1970–1975)
Morocco (1975–present)  | On going; 70% of Western Sahara occupied and administered by Morocco
1971  | Bangladesh Liberation War |  Bangladesh |  Pakistan | Independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan
1974  | Cyprus Peace Operation |  Northern Cyprus |  Cyprus | De facto independence of Northern Cyprus; partition of Cyprus
1975–1976  | Timorese resistance to Indonesian invasion |  Timor-Leste |  Indonesia | Timor-Leste defeated and annexed by Indonesia
1975–ongoing  | Cabinda War |  Cabinda |  Angola | Ongoing
1976–2005  | Insurgency in Aceh |  Free Aceh Movement |  Indonesia | Autonomy granted to Aceh; disarmament of GAM
1976–ongoing  | Corsican conflict |  National Liberation Front of Corsica |  France | Low-level conflict since 2014
1978–ongoing  | Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency |  Kurdistan Communities Union |  Turkey | Ongoing; Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey; ceasefire signed in 2025
1979–1983  | 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran |  Iranian Kurdistan |  Iran | Defeat of Kurdish insurgents
1979–1989  | Soviet–Afghan War |  Afghan mujahideen |  Soviet Union | Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan; beginning of the Afghan Civil War
1980  | Coconut War |  Nagriamel |  Vanuatu | Defeat of Espiritu Santo insurgents
1981–1991  | Somaliland War of Independence |  Somaliland |  Somalia | De facto independence of Somaliland from Somalia
1982–ongoing  | Casamance conflict |  Casamance |  Senegal | Low-level conflict since 2014
1983–2009  | Sri Lankan civil war |  Tamil Eelam |  Sri Lanka | Defeat of LTTE; reestablishment of Sri Lankan government's control over entire island
1984–1995  | Insurgency in Punjab |  Khalistan movement |  India | Insurgency suppressed
1988–2023  | Nagorno-Karabakh conflict |  Artsakh |  Azerbaijan | De facto independence of Artsakh in 1991; disestablishment of the Republic of Artsakh in 2023; Azerbaijan takes over Nagorno-Karabakh
1988–1998  | Bougainville Civil War |  Bougainville |  Papua New Guinea | Bougainville receives autonomy in 2002; votes in favor of independence in 2019
1989–ongoing  | Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir |  All Parties Hurriyat Conference |  India | Ongoing
1990–1992  | Transnistria War |  Transnistria |  Moldova | De facto independence of Transnistria from Moldova
1991  | Liberation of Kuwait campaign |  Kuwait |  Iraq | Restoration of Kuwaiti independence from Iraqi occupation
1991–1992  | South Ossetia War |  South Ossetia |  Georgia | De facto independence of South Ossetia from Georgia
1991–1995  | Croatian War of Independence |  Croatia |  Yugoslavia | Independence of Croatia from Yugoslavia
1991  | Ten-Day War |  Slovenia |  Yugoslavia | Independence of Slovenia from Yugoslavia
1992–1995  | Bosnian War |  Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina |  FR Yugoslavia
Croatia[2] | Dayton Agreement; creation of the Bosnia and Herzegovina
1992–1993  | War in Abkhazia |  Abkhazia |  Georgia | De facto independence of Abkhazia from Georgia
1994–2009  | Chechen Wars |  Chechen Republic of Ichkeria |  Russia | De facto independence of Chechnya in 1991; disestablishment of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in 2000; Chechnya as a federal subject of Russia
1998–1999  | Kosovo War |  Kosovo |  FR Yugoslavia | Independence of Kosovo from Serbia after nine years of UN administration
2000–2005  | Second Intifada |  Palestine |  Israel | Uprising suppressed; Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip
2001–2021  | Taliban insurgency |  Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan |  United States | Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan; restoration of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
2003–2011  | Iraqi insurgency |  Naqshbandi Army
Mahdi Army
Islamic State of Iraq |  United States | Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq; beginning of the War in Iraq of 2013–2017
2004–ongoing  | South Thailand insurgency |  Patani |  Thailand | Ongoing
2006–ongoing  | Insurgency in Bakassi |  Democratic Republic of Bakassi (2006–2018)
Biafra Nations League (2021–present)  |  Cameroon
Nigeria | Ongoing
2012  | 2012 Tuareg rebellion |  Azawad |  Mali | Unrecognized independence of Azawad in 2012; renouncement of its independence in 2013; beginning of the Mali War
2014–ongoing  | Russo-Ukrainian War[a] |  Ukraine |  Russia | Ongoing
2017–ongoing  | Anglophone Crisis |  Ambazonia |  Cameroon | Ongoing
2020–ongoing  | Western Togoland Rebellion |  Western Togoland |  Ghana | Ongoing
2023–ongoing  | Israel–Hamas War |  Hamas |  Israel | Ongoing

## See also

[edit]

* Resistance during World War II
* Lists of active separatist movements
* List of revolutions and rebellions
* List of civil wars
* Wars of national liberation

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Also called a "rebirth," or a war of independence from Russia by some Ukrainian sources.[3][4][5]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Coppa, Frank J. (2014). The Origins of the Italian Wars of Independence. Routledge. ISBN 9781138836266.
2. ^ "ICTY: Conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia". Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
3. ^ "Ukraine will fight to the end: Zelenskyy's Independence Day vow". Al Jazeera. August 24, 2022. Archived from the original on August 31, 2022. "A new nation appeared in the world on February 24 at 4 o'clock in the morning. It was not born, but reborn."
4. ^ "Російсько-український конфлікт: проміжні підсумки" [The Russian-Ukrainian conflict: interim results]. DT.ua (in Ukrainian). 23 October 2015. "Currently, Ukraine is experiencing the third round of struggle for independence in 100 years"
5. ^ ""Війна на сході — це війна за незалежність України", — Зеленський в Польщі (відео)" ["The war in the east is a war for the independence of Ukraine," — Zelensky in Poland (video)]. FOCUS (in Ukrainian). 3 May 2021. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. "We have been fighting for independence for many decades. And today the same thing is happening in the east of our country. We are fighting for our independence again."

* v
* t
* e

Colonization, decolonization, and separatism

By region|

| Exploration|

* Americas
* Africa
* Asia
* Oceania
* Antarctica — World oceans

|

Colonization and Imperialism|

* List of empires
* Americas
* Antarctica
* Africa
* European colonies
* Asia
* Southeast Asia
* Oceania
* Extraterrestrial

Decolonization and Anti-imperialism|

* Sovereign states formation dates
* Americas
* in South America
* Africa
* Asia
* Europe
* Ottoman
* Spain
* Ukraine
* Oceania

General
topics|

| Exploration|

* Maritime history (European)
* Age of Discovery

|

Colonization|

* Antiquity — Imperialism
* Chartered companies
* Interventionism
* Colonialism
* chronology
* history
* empires
* detribalization
* settler colonialism
* wars
* Current: Non-self-governing
* Dependent

Colonial empires
in the modern era|

* Overseas, major: British
* Dutch
* French
* German
* Italian
* Portuguese
* Spanish

* Overseas, minor: American
* Australian
* Austro-Hungarian
* Belgian
* Couronian (Polish-Lithuanian)
* Danish
* New Zealand
* Norwegian
* Swedish

* Mostly contiguous: American
* Chinese
* Japanese
* Ottoman
* Russian
* South African

Decolonization
and Separatism|

* Independence
* Declaration
* Diplomatic recognition
* Facts on the ground
* Referendum
* Limited
* Namibia exception
* Non-recognition
* Partition
* Unilateral
* Non-interventionism
* Political status
* Rebellion
* List
* Rump state
* Secession
* Self-determination
* League of Nations mandate
* Separatism
* Active
* Political parties
* Historical
* Sovereignty
* Special Committee on Decolonization
* Territorial integrity
* Wars of national liberation
* List

Postcolonialism|

* Nation-building
* Neocolonialism
* Postcolonial international relations

Related concepts|

* Decolonization of knowledge
* Terra nullius
* Plantation
* Settler
* Indigenous peoples
* Internal colonialism
* Uncontacted peoples
* Christianity and colonialism
* Decolonization of public space

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template