List of wealthiest families

Various lists of the richest families (excluding royal families or autocratic ruling dynasties) are published internationally, by Forbes[1][2] as well as other business magazines.

There is a distinction between wealth held by identifiable individual billionaires or a "nuclear family" and the wider notion of an extended family or a historical "dynasty," where the wealth of a historically family-owned company or business like the Scudder family has become distributed between various branches of descendants,[3] usually throughout decades, ranging from several individuals to hundreds of offspring (such as the Rothschild family). According to Bloomberg, the world's 25 richest families control more than $1.4 trillion (1,400,000,000,000) of wealth.[4]

## Contemporary rankings

[edit]

Not included in the scope of this page are royal families, for which see List of royalty by net worth.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2024)

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Note: The list includes families who, according to reliable sources, have a combined net worth of 5 billion US dollars and above.

Family name  | Notable members  | Combined wealth
in US$ billions
(estimated)  | Source of
wealth  | Country or region

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|
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Walton[5][6] | Jim Walton, S. Robson Walton, Alice Walton, Lukas Walton, Christy Walton, Nancy Walton Laurie, Ann Walton Kroenke (Sam Walton, Bud Walton)  | 289.8 (2024)[7] | Walmart, Sam's Club |  United States
Wallenberg[8][9] | Marcus Wallenberg Jr., Jacob Wallenberg (1892–1980), Marcus Wallenberg Sr., Gustaf Oscar Wallenberg, Marc Wallenberg, Peter Wallenberg Sr., Jacob Wallenberg, Peter Wallenberg Jr., Marcus Wallenberg, Raoul Wallenberg. André Oscar Wallenberg, Knut Agathon Wallenberg.  | 278 (2024) (The market value of all the companies combined controlled by the Wallenbergs is $900bn) [a][b][8] | SEB, Ericsson, Nasdaq, EQT, Investor AB, SKF, Astra Zeneca, Electrolux, ABB, Saab AB, Husqvarna, Wärtsilä, Atlas Copco, Stora Enso, Epiroc, Höganäs AB, Munters Group, Wallenberg Foundations, etc.  |  Sweden
Arnault  | Bernard Arnault, Delphine Arnault, Antoine Arnault | 233 (2024)[7] | LVMH |  France
Koch[6] | Julia Koch, Charles Koch, Bill Koch (Fred C. Koch, David Koch, Frederick R. Koch)  | 124.8 (2024)[7] | Koch Industries |  United States
Ortega[10] | Amancio Ortega, Sandra Ortega Mera (Rosalía Mera)  | 120.1 (2024)[7] | Inditex (including Zara)  |  Spain
Ambani[11][6] | Mukesh Ambani, Nita Ambani, Isha Ambani, Anand Ambani, Akash Ambani, Anil Ambani, Tina Ambani, Jai Anmol Ambani, Jai Anshul Ambani  | 116 (2024)[7] | Reliance Industries, Reliance Jio Infocomm, Reliance Retail, Reliance Power, Reliance Infrastructure, Reliance Capital, Reliance Entertainment |  India
Mars[6] | Jacqueline Mars, John Franklyn Mars, Marijke Mars, Pamela Mars-Wright, Valerie Mars, Victoria Mars (Franklin Clarence Mars)  | 115.4 (2024)[7] | Mars Inc. |  United States
Adani | Gautam Adani, Priti Adani, Karan Adani, Jeet Adani, Vinod Adani, Pranav Adani, Rajesh Adani  | 111 (2024)[7] | Adani Group, Adani Enterprises, Adani Ports & SEZ, Adani Green Energy, Adani Power, Ambuja Cements, NDTV |  India
Slim | Carlos Slim, Carlos Slim Domit, Patrick Slim, Julián Slim  | 102 (2024)[7] | Telmex, América Móvil, Grupo Carso |  Mexico
Bettencourt | Françoise Bettencourt Meyers | 99.5 (2024)[7] | L'Oréal |  France
Hermes[6] | Pierre-Alexis Dumas, Axel Dumas | 94.6[6] (2022)  | Hermès |  France
Merck | Emanuel Merck, Johannes Freiherr von Baillou, Frank Stangenberg-Haverkamp, Jon Baumhauer | 81 (2022)[12] | Merck KGaA, Merck & Co. |  Germany United States
Boehringer / von Baumbach[13] | Albert Boehringer, Barbara Boehringer, Christian Boehringer, Christoph Boehringer, Isabel Boehringer, Mathias Boehringer, Otto Boehringer, Philipp Boehringer, Erich von Baumbach, Franz von Baumbach, Hubertus von Baumbach, Johannes von Baumbach, Katharina von Baumbach, Maximilian von Baumbach, Ulrike von Baumbach (Hubertus von Baumbach)  | 81 (2025)[14] | Boehringer Ingelheim |  Germany
Wertheimer[4][6] | Alain Wertheimer, Gérard Wertheimer | 73.6 (2024)[7] | Chanel |  France
Thomson[15][16][6] | David Thomson, Peter Thomson, Kenneth Thomson (Roy Thomson)  | 67.8 (2024)[7] | Thomson Reuters, The Woodbridge Company |  Canada
Aponte  | Gianluigi Aponte, Rafaela Aponte-Diamant | 66.2 (2024)[7] | Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) |  Switzerland
Italy
Israel
Cargill-MacMillan[6] | Pauline MacMillan Keinath, Gwendolyn Sontheim Meyer, Austen Cargill, II., James Cargill, II., Marianne Liebmann, Alexandra Daitch, Sarah MacMillan, Lucy Stitzer, Cargill MacMillan, III., John MacMillan, Martha MacMillan, William MacMillan (William Wallace Cargill, Austen Cargill, James R. Cargill, Marion MacMillan Pictet, Cargill MacMillan Sr., Cargill MacMillan Jr, John H. MacMillan Sr., John H. MacMillan, John Hugh MacMillan, Whitney MacMillan, Whitney Duncan MacMillan)  | 56.2 (2024)[7] | Cargill |  United States
Hoffmann, Oeri  | Maja Oeri, Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche | 53.8 (2024)[17] | Roche, Genentech |  Switzerland
Quandt[6] | Stefan Quandt, Susanne Klatten (Herbert Quandt, Johanna Quandt)  | 53.8 (2024)[7] | BMW |  Germany
Van Damme, De Spoelberch, De Mevius[4][6] | Three families, the collective enterprise of which has roots in the 14th century  | 52.9 (2019)  | Anheuser-Busch InBev |  Belgium
Porsche/Piëch[18] | Hans Michel Piëch, Wolfgang Porsche | 52.8[c] | Volkswagen Group |  Austria
Hartono[20][6] | Robert Budi Hartono, Michael Bambang Hartono, Armand Wahyudi Hartono, Martin Hartono, Victor Hartono  | 52 (2024)[7] | Djarum, Bank Central Asia |  Indonesia
Boehringer/Von Baumbach[4] | Albert Boehringer, Hubertus von Baumbach | 51.9 (2019)  | Boehringer Ingelheim |  Germany
Besnier  | Emmanuel Besnier, Jean-Michel Besnier, Marie Besnier Beauvalot | 43.3 (2024)[7] | Lactalis |  France
Pritzker[21][6] | Thomas Pritzker, Karen Pritzker, Jean (Gigi) Pritzker, Anthony Pritzker, Penny Pritzker, J.B. Pritzker, John Pritzker, Daniel Pritzker, Jennifer Pritzker, Linda Pritzker, Matthew Pritzker, Nicholas Pritzker, Liesel Pritzker Simmons, Adam Pritzker (Nicholas Pritzker)  | 43.1 (2024)[7] | Hyatt Corporation, Marmon Group |  United States
Ofer[22][23] | Eyal Ofer, Idan Ofer, Liora Ofer (Sammy Ofer)  | 41.7 (2024)[7] | Real estate, shipping, investments |  Israel
Chearavanont[24] | Dhanin Chearavanont, Suphachai Chearavanont, Korawad Chearavanont | 37.9 (2019)  | Charoen Pokphand |  Thailand
Johnson[21][6] | Abigail Johnson, Edward Johnson IV, Elizabeth Johnson (Edward C. Johnson III)  | 37 (2024)[7] | Fidelity Investments |  United States
Cox[21][6] | Anne Cox Chambers, James M. Cox | 36.9 (2019)  | Cox Enterprises Co.  |  United States
Rinehart  | Gina Rinehart, Bianca Rinehart, Ginia Rinehart (Lang Hancock)  | 35 (2024)[7] | Hancock Prospecting |  Australia
Cathy  | Bubba Cathy, Dan Cathy, Trudy Cathy White (Truett Cathy)  | 33.6 (2024)[7] | Chick-fil-A |  United States
Jindal[20] | Savitri Jindal, Naveen Jindal, Sajjan Jindal (O.P. Jindal)  | 33.5 (2024)[7] | Jindal Group  |  India
Dassault[25][6] | Laurent Dassault, Thierry Dassault, Marie-Hélène Habert-Dassault, Helena Dassault, Remi Dassault (Marcel Dassault, Serge Dassault, Olivier Dassault)  | 33.2 (2024)[7] | Dassault Group, diversified  |  France
Mulliez[10] | Gérard Mulliez, Michel Leclercq | 33[4] (2019)  | Auchan, Decathlon, Association Familiale Mulliez, and hundreds of other family members[d] |  France
S. C. Johnson[21] | S. Curtis Johnson | 33 (2019)  | S. C. Johnson & Son |  United States
Adelson  | Miriam Adelson (Sheldon Adelson)  | 32 (2024)[7] | Las Vegas Sands |  Israel
United States
Pinault  | François Pinault, François-Henri Pinault | 31.6 (2024)[7] | Kering |  France
Hoffmann/Oeri[4][6] | Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche, André Hoffmann | 31.3 (2019)  | Roche |  Switzerland
Albrecht[4][6] | Karl Albrecht, Theo Albrecht (Berthold Albrecht)  | 29.9 (2024)[7] | Aldi, Trader Joe's |  Germany
Ferrero[10][27][6] | Michele Ferrero, Maria Franca Fissolo, Giovanni Ferrero, Pietro Ferrero Jr. | 29.8 (2019)  | Ferrero SpA |  Italy
Del Vecchio  | Claudio Del Vecchio, Clemente Del Vecchio, Leonardo Maria Del Vecchio, Luca Del Vecchio, Marisa Del Vecchio, Paola Del Vecchio (Leonardo Del Vecchio)  | 28.2 (2024)[7] | EssilorLuxottica |  Italy
Henkel[28] | Friedrich Karl Henkel, Simone Bagel-Trah | 28.1 (2017)  | Henkel |  Germany
Hearst[21] | William Randolph Hearst and numerous others | 28 (2016)  | Hearst Corporation |  United States
Larrea Mota Velasco  | Germán Larrea Mota Velasco, Jorge Larrea, Sara Mota De Larrea  | 27.9 (2024)[7] | Grupo Mexico (mining)  |  Mexico
Lauder[21][6] | Leonard Lauder, Ronald Lauder, Jane Lauder, William Lauder, Aerin Lauder (Estée Lauder)  | 27.4 (2024)[7] | Estée Lauder |  United States
Saadé  | Jacques Saadé, Jr., Rodolphe Saadé, Tanya Saadé Zeenny (Jacques Saadé)  | 26.7 (2024)[7] | CMA CGM |  France
Lebanon
Schaeffler[29] | Georg F. W. Schaeffler (Georg Schaeffler Jr.), Maria-Elisabeth Schaeffler, Georg Schaeffler Sr. | 25.9 (2017)  | Schaeffler Group |  Germany
Austria
Lee (Byung-chul) | Jay Y. Lee, Hong Ra-hee, Lee Boo-jin, Lee Seo-hyun, Hong Seok-joh, Chung Yong-jin, Hong Seok-hyun, Lee Myung-hee, Lee Jay-hyun, Lee in-hee (Lee Byung-chul, Lee Kun-hee)  | 25.6 (2024)[7] | Samsung, Shinsegae, CJ, Hansol, JoongAng Group, BGF Group |  South Korea
Kristiansen  | Sofie Kirk Kristiansen, Thomas Kirk Kristiansen, Agnete Kirk Thinggaard, Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen (Ole Kirk Christiansen | 25.5 (2024)[30] | The Lego Group |  Denmark
Moreira Salles[31] | Fernando Roberto Moreira Salles, Pedro Moreira Salles, João Moreira Salles, Walter Moreira Salles Jr. (Walter Moreira Salles)  | 25.3 (2024)[7] | Banking  |  Brazil
Otto[29] | Alexander Otto, Michael Otto, Katharina Otto-Bernstein, Maren Otto, Benjamin Otto (Werner Otto)  | 25.3 (2024)[7] | Otto Group |  Germany
Damani[32][33] | Radhakishan Damani, Gopikishan Damani  | 24.6 (2024)[7] | DMart |  India
Lee (Shau Kee)[34] | Lee Shau Kee | 24.1 (2016)  | Henderson Land Development |  Hong Kong
Persson[10] | Stefan Persson, Lottie Tham, Karl-Johan Persson, Tom Persson, Charlotte Soderstrom (Erling Persson)  | 23.7 (2024)[7] | H&M |  Sweden
Brenninkmeijer[28] | Clemens Brenninkmeijer, August Brenninkmeyer, Stephan Brenninkmeijer, Philippe Brenninkmeyer, Erik Brenninkmeijer  | 23.4 (2017)  | Cofra Group, C&A |  Germany
Netherlands
Cheng[20] | Cheng Yu-tung, Henry Cheng, Adrian Cheng | 22.5 (2017)  |  |  Hong Kong
Reimann[29] | Wolfgang Reimann, Matthias Reimann-Andersen, Stefan Reimann-Andersen, Renate Reimann-Haas (Albert Reimann)  | 22.4 (2024)[7] | JAB Holding Company |  Germany
Bajaj[20] | Rajiv Bajaj, Sanjiv Bajaj, Madhur Bajaj, Niraj Bajaj, Shekhar Bajaj (Jamnalal Bajaj, Rahul Bajaj)  | 21.8 (2024)[7] | Bajaj Group |  India
Rausing[4] | Finn Rausing, Jorn Rausing, Kirsten Rausing (Hans Rausing)  | 21.6 (2024)[7] | Tetra Laval |  Sweden
Duncan[21][6] | Dan Duncan, Randa Williams, Milane Frantz, Dannine Avara, Scott_Duncan | 21.5 (2016)  | Enterprise Products |  United States
Tsai (Wan-Tsai)[20] | Daniel Tsai, Richard Tsai, Tsai Hong-tu, Tsai Cheng-ta, T.Y. Tsai (Tsai Wan-lin)  | 20.9 (2024)[7] | Cathay United Bank, Cathay Life Insurance |  Taiwan
Safra[35] | Vicky Safra (Jacob Safra, Joseph Safra, Moise Safra, Lily Safra)  | 20.6 (2024)[7] | Fibria, Chiquita Brands International, Safra Group, Banco Safra, J. Safra Sarasin, Safra National Bank of New York |  Syria
Lebanon
Brazil
Greece
Switzerland
Mistry[20][6] | Shapoor Mistry, Firoz Mistry, Zahan Mistry (Shapoorji Mistry, Cyrus Mistry)  | 19.7 (2024)[7] | Shapoorji Pallonji Group |  India
Ireland
Struengmann  | Andreas Struengmann, Thomas Struengmann | 19.6 (2024)[7] | BioNTech |  Germany
Reuben[36] | David Reuben, Simon Reuben | 19.2 (2024)[7] | Real estate, financial services, commodity trading  |  United Kingdom
Chirathivat[20] | Tiang Chirathivat (Cheng)  | 19.3 (2017)  | Central Group |  Thailand
Blocher[35] | Rahel Blocher, Magdalena Martullo-Blocher, Markus Blocher, Miriam Baumann-Blocher (Christoph Blocher)  | 18.8 (2024)[7] | Ems-Chemie, Dottikon ES Holding  |  Switzerland
Ziff[21] | Daniel Ziff, Dirk Ziff, Robert Ziff (William Bernard Ziff Jr.)  | 18.6 (2024)[7] | Publishing, Ziff Davis, Ziff Brothers Investments  |  United States
Newhouse[21] | Samuel Irving Newhouse Jr., Donald Newhouse | 18.5 (2016)  | Advance Publications |  United States
Mittal[20] | Lakshmi Mittal, Aditya Mittal and Pramod Mittal | 18.3 (2021)  | ArcelorMittal |  India
Bukhman  | Dmitri Bukhman, Igor Bukhman | 18 (2024)[7] | Online games |  Israel
Herz[37] | Michael Herz, Wolfgang Herz, Christian Herz, Michaela Herz  | 18 (2024)[7] | Tchibo, Beiersdorf, Mayfair SE |  Germany
Stryker[38] | Ronda Stryker, Jon Stryker, Pat Stryker (Homer Stryker)  | 17.5 (2024)[7] | Stryker Corporation |  United States
Hunt[21] | Ray Lee Hunt, W. Herbert Hunt, Clark Hunt, Daniel Hunt, Lamar Hunt, Jr., Sharron Hunt (H. L. Hunt)  | 17.5 (2024)[7] | Hunt Oil Company, Hunt Petroleum, Kansas City Chiefs |  United States
Bertarelli[35] | Ernesto Bertarelli, Dona Bertarelli | 17.4 (2024)[7] | Serono |  Italy
Switzerland
Hariri | Rafic Hariri, Bahia Hariri, Bahaa Hariri, Saad Hariri, Ayman Hariri, Fahd Hariri, Hind Hariri | 17 (2017)[39] | Arab Bank, GroupeMed, Saudi Oger, The Daily Star, Future TV |  France Lebanon Saudi Arabia
Kuok[20] | Robert Kuok | 16.6 (2017)  | Kuok Group |  Malaysia
Meijer  | Doug Meijer, Hank Meijer, Mark Meijer (Hendrik Meijer)  | 16.5 (2024)[7] | Meijer |  United States
Braun | Anna Maria Braun, Otto Phillip Braun, Barbara Braun-Lüdicke | 16 (2024)  | B. Braun |  Germany
Tschira  | Gerda Tschira, Harald Tschira, Udo Tschira (Klaus Tschira)  | 15.6 (2024)[7] | SAP |  Germany
Fertitta  | Tilman Fertitta, Frank Fertitta, III., Lorenzo Fertitta | 15.5 (2024)[7] | Houston Rockets, UFC |  United States
Godrej[20] | Smita Crishna-Godrej, Adi Godrej, Jamshyd Godrej, Nadir Godrej, Pirojsha Adi Godrej | 15.2 (2024)[7] | Godrej Group, Godrej and Boyce |  India
Pratt  | Anthony Pratt, Fiona Geminder, Heloise Pratt (Richard Pratt, Leon Pratt)  | 14.9 (2024)[7] | Visy |  Australia
Chao  | Albert Chao, James Chao, Dorothy Chao Jenkins (Ting Tsung Chao)  | 14.7 (2024)[7] | Westlake Corporation |  United States
Collison  | John Collison, Patrick Collison | 14.4 (2024)[7] | Stripe |  Ireland
Sy[20] | Hans Sy, Henry Sy Jr., Herbert Sy, Harley Sy, Teresita Sy Coson, Elizabeth Sy (Henry Sy)  | 14.4 (2024)[7] | SM Investments Corporation |  Philippines
Du Pont[21] | List of family members | 14.3 (2016)  | Real estate, DuPont Chemical Company |  United States
Ng[40] | Philip Ng, Robert Ng (Ng Teng Fong)  | 14.3 (2024)[7] | Far East Organization |  Singapore
Saji[20] |  | 14.2 (2017)  | Suntory |  Japan
Heineken[41] | Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken | 14.1 (2024)[7] | Heineken  |  Netherlands
Birla[20] | Kumar Mangalam Birla, Ananya Birla, Aryaman Birla, Chandra Kant Birla, Shobhana Bhartia, Yashovardhan Birla, Madhav Prasad Birla | 14.1 (2017)  | Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Aditya Birla Group, Grasim Industries, CK Birla Group, Yash Birla Group, The Hindustan Times, M.P Birla Group |  India
Coates[42] | Denise Coates, John Coates, Peter Coates | 13.8 (2024)[7] | Bet365 |  United Kingdom
Bass[21] | Robert Bass, Sid Bass, Ed Bass, Lee Bass (Sid Richardson)  | 13.8 (2024)[30] | Oak Hill Capital (energy, development)  |  United States
Goldman[21] | Sol Goldman, Amy Goldman Fowler | 13.7 (2016)  | Solil Management |  United States
Arison | Micky Arison, Shari Arison (Ted Arison)  | 13.5 (2024)[7] | Carnival Cruises |  Israel
United States
Salinas Pliego  | Ricardo Salinas Pliego | 13.4 (2024)[7] | TV Azteca, Grupo Elektra |  Mexico
Busch[21] | Adolphus Busch, Adolphus Busch III, August Anheuser Busch Sr., August Busch III, August Busch IV | 13.4 (2016)  | Anheuser-Busch |  United States
Pao[20] |  | 13.4 (2017)  | BW Group |  Hong Kong
Yoovidhya[20] | Chalerm Yoovidhya | 13.1 (2017)  | Red Bull |  Thailand
Sackler[21] | Arthur M. Sackler, Mortimer Sackler, Raymond Sackler, Richard Sackler | 13 (2016)  | Purdue Pharma, Oxycontin |  United States
Dangote[43][unreliable source?] | Aliko Dangote, Sani Dangote | 13.1 (2017)  | Dangote Group |  Nigeria
Roig-Herrero  | Juan Roig, Hortensia Herrero, Fernando Roig, Fernando Masaveu Herrero  | 12.9 (2024)[7] | Mercadona |  Spain
Kwok[4][6] | Geoffrey Kwok, Jonathan Kwok, Adam Kwok, Thomas Kwok, Christopher Kwok, Edward Kwok, Raymond Kwok (Kwok Tak-Seng, Kwong Siu-hing)  | 12.8 (2024)[7] | Sun Hung Kai Properties |  Hong Kong
Powell-Jobs[44] | Laurene Powell Jobs (Steve Jobs)  | 12.8 (2024)[7] | Apple Inc., Disney |  United States
Sawiris | Nassef Sawiris, Naguib Sawiris, Samih Sawiris (Onsi Sawiris)  | 12.6 (2024)[7] | Orascom Construction Industries, Orascom Telecom Holding, Orascom Development, Orascom Group  |  Egypt
Jacobs[35] | Johann Jacobs, Walther J. Jacobs, Klaus Johann Jacobs | 12.5 (2018)  | Jacobs, Barry Callebaut, The Adecco Group |  Germany
Switzerland
Schindler[35] |  | 12.5 (2018)  | Schindler Group |  Switzerland
Weston[45] | Guy Weston, George Weston, Galen Weston Jr., W. Garfield Weston, Garry Weston, George G. Weston, Alannah Weston, Kate Hobhouse, Jana Khayat, Emma Adamo | 12.3 (2013)  | Loblaw Companies, George Weston Limited, Wittington Investments |  Canada
Brown[21] | George Garvin Brown IV | 12.3 (2016)  | Brown-Forman |  United States
Marshall[21] | J. Howard Marshall II, Elaine Tettemer Marshall | 12 (2016)  | Koch Industries |  United States
Prada  | Miuccia Prada, Alberto Prada, Marina Prada (Mario Prada)  | 11.8 (2024)[7] | Prada |  Italy
Mehta  | Samir Mehta, Sudhir Mehta | 11.6 (2024)[7] | Torrent Group |  India
Del Pino  | Rafael Del Pino, Maria Del Pino, D. Leopoldo Del Pino  | 11.5 (2024)[7] | Ferrovial S.A. |  Spain
Mellon[21] | Andrew Mellon, Matthew Mellon, Christopher Mellon  | 11.5 (2016)  | Mellon Bank |  United States
Garcia  | Ernest Garcia, II., Ernest Garcia, III | 11.3 (2024)[7] | Carvana |  United States
Von Schwangau[29] | Karl Von Schwangau III, Ludwig Von Schwangau Jr, Karl Von Schwangau IV  | 11.3 (2017)  | Knorr-Bremse, Vossloh, BlackRock |  Germany
United States
Resnick  | Lynda Resnick, Stewart Resnick | 11.2 (2024)[7] | Agriculture  |  United States
Schörling  | Sofia Högberg Schörling, Märta Schörling Andreen (Melker Schörling)  | 11.2 (2024)[46] | Melker Schörling AB (MSAB)  |  Sweden
Rocca  | Gianfelice Rocca, Paolo Rocca (Agostino Rocca)  | 11.2 (2024)[7] | Techint Group  |  Italy
Butt[21] | Charles Butt | 11 (2016)  | HEB Grocery Company |  United States
Kadoorie[47] | Michael Kadoorie | 11 (2017)  | CLP Holding |  Hong Kong
Dos Santos[48] | José Eduardo dos Santos, Isabel dos Santos, José Filomeno dos Santos, Coréon Dú | 11 (2017)  |  |  Angola
Rockefeller[21] | List of family members | 11 (2016)  | Standard Oil Company, Chase Manhattan Bank |  United States
Würth[29] | Adolf Würth, Reinhold Würth, Bettina Würth | 10.8 (2016)  | Würth Gruppe |  Germany
Gallo[21] | Ernest Gallo, Julio Gallo | 10.7 (2016)  | E & J Gallo Winery |  United States
Uihlein | Elizabeth Uihlein, Richard Uihlein | 10.4 (2024)[7] | Uline |  United States
Widjaja[20] | Eka Tjipta Widjaja, Frankie Widjaja, Franky Oesman Widjaja, Teguh Ganda Widjaja, Indra Widjaja, Sukmawati Widjaja  | 10.4 (2017)  | Sinar Mas Group |  Indonesia
Glazer[22] | Avram Glazer, Bryan Glazer, Edward Glazer, Joel Glazer, Kevin Glazer, Darcie Glazer Kassewitz | 10.2 (2024)[7] | Manchester United, Tampa Bay Buccaneers |  United States
Benetton | Giuliana Benetton, Luciano Benetton, Sabrina Benetton, Barbara Benetton (Carlo Benetton, Gilberto Benetton)  | 10.1 (2024)[7] | Benetton Group |  Italy
Kulibaev | Timur Kulibaev, Dinara Kulibaeva | 10 (2024)[7] | Halyk Bank |  Kazakhstan
Lohia[20] | Sri Prakash Lohia, Aloke Lohia (Mohan Lal Lohia, Seema Lohia)  | 9.9 (2024)[7] | Indorama Corporation |  Indonesia
India
Chung (Ju-yung)[20] | Chung Mong-koo, Chung Eui-sun, Chung Mong-joon, Chung Mong-gyu, Chung Mong-won | 9.8 (2024)[7] | Hyundai Motor Group, Hyundai Heavy Industries, Hyundai Department Store Group, Halla Group, HDC Group, KCC Corporation |  South Korea
Gutserievs[2] |  | 9.8 (2016)  | BIN Group |  Russia
Tisch  | Jonathan Tisch, Wilma Tisch, Laurie Tisch, Steven Tisch, James Tisch, Andrew Tisch (Laurence Tisch, Bob Tisch)  | 9.6 (2024)[7] | Loews, New York Giants |  United States
Oppenheimer[49] | Nicky Oppenheimer (Ernest Oppenheimer)  | 9.5 (2024)[7] | De Beers |  South Africa
Coppel Luken  | Enrique Coppel Luken, Rubén Coppel Luken, Alberto Coppel Luken, José Coppel Luken, Agustín Coppel Luken  | 9.5 (2024)[7] | Grupo Coppel |  Mexico
Grosvenor[42] | Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster | 9.5 (euros, 2017)  | Grosvenor Group |  United Kingdom
Liebherr[35] | Hans Liebherr, Hans Liebherr jr., Willi Liebherr, Markus Liebherr, Isolde Liebherr, Hubert Liebherr  | 9.5 (2018)  | Liebherr Group |  Germany
Switzerland
Livingstone  | Ian Livingstone, Richard Livingstone | 9.4 (2024)[7] | Real estate  |  United Kingdom
Dorrance[21] | Mary Alice Dorrance Malone, Bennett Dorrance, John Dorrance, III. (John Thompson Dorrance, Dorrance Hill Hamilton)  | 9.4 (2024)[7] | Campbell Soup Company |  United States
Alfond  | Bill Alfond, Susan Alfond, Ted Alfond (Harold Alfond, Peter Alfond)  | 9.3 (2024)[7] | Dexter Shoe Company  |  United States
Shoen  | Mark Shoen, Joe Shoen | 9.3 (2024)[7] | U-Haul |  United States
Xie  | Ken Xie, Michael Xie  | 9.3 (2024)[7] | Fortinet |  United States
Herlin  | Antti Herlin, Ilkka Herlin, Ilona Herlin, Heikki Herlin (Heikki H. Herlin)  | 9.2 (2024)[7] | Kone, Cargotec |  Finland
Rogers[15] | Edward S. Rogers Jr., Edward S. Rogers III | 9.13 (2017)  | Rogers Communications |  Canada
Burman[20] | Vivek Chand Burman, Anand Burman, Amit Burman, Saket Burman, Pradip Burman  | 9 (2024)[7] | Dabur |  India
United Kingdom
Salim[20] | Sudono Salim, Anthoni Salim, Axton Salim  | 8.8 (2017)  | Salim Group |  Indonesia
Kwek[50] | Kwek Leng Beng, Kwek Leng Kee, Kwek Leng Keow, Kwek Leng Peck (Kwek Hong Png)  | 8.7 (2024)[7] | Hong Leong Group |  Singapore
Koo (In-hwoi) family[20] | Koo In-hwoi, Koo Cha-kyung, Koo Bon-moo, Koo Bon-joon, Koo-Bon sik, Koo Bon-neung, Koo Kwang-mo, etc.  | 8.7 (2017)  | LG Group, LS Group, LIG Group, LT Group, LX Group, LF Group, Ourhome Corp, KleanNara  |  South Korea
Haefner  | Martin Haefner, Eva Maria Bucher-Haefner | 8.4 (2024)[7] | CA Technologies |  Switzerland
Wilson  | Alan Wilson, Bruce Wilson, John Wilson  | 8.4 (2024)[7] | Reece Group |  Australia
Lee Man Tat[20] |  | 8.4 (2017)  | Food industry  |  Hong Kong
Bailleres Gual  | Alejandro Baillères Gual (Alberto Baillères)  | 8.1 (2024)[7] | Grupo Bal (mining)  |  Mexico
Garavoglia  | Luca Garavoglia, Alessandra Garavoglia  | 8 (2024)[7] | Campari Group |  Italy
Haniel[28] | Franz Markus Haniel  | 8 (2017)  | Franz Haniel & Cie., Metro AG, CWS-boco Gruppe  |  Germany
Koç[51] | Semahat Sevim Arsel, Rahmi Koç, Suna Kıraç, Mustafa Vehbi Koç, Mehmet Ömer Koç, Ali Yıldırım Koç | 8 (2016)  | Koç Holding |  Turkey
Şahenk[51] |  | 7-8 (2016)  | Doğuş Holding |  Turkey
Sabancı[51] | Hacı Ömer Sabancı, İhsan Sabancı, Güler Sabancı, Sevgi Sabancı, Sakıp Sabancı, Sevil Sabancı, Ömer Sabancı, Mehmet Sabancı, Şevket Sabancı, Ali Sabancı, Özdemir Sabancı, Demir Sabancı | 7-8 (for each one of Şevket, Erol, and Türkan's families) (2016)  | Sabancı Holding |  Turkey
Simmons[52] | Harold Simmons | 8 (2013)  | Businessman, Titanium investments  |  United States
Olayan[53] |  | 8 (2017)  | Diversified, inheritance  |  Saudi Arabia
Berlusconi[54] | Marina Berlusconi, Pier Silvio Berlusconi, Barbara Berlusconi, Eleonora Berlusconi, Luigi Berlusconi (Silvio Berlusconi, Paolo Berlusconi)  | 7.8 (2024)[7] | Fininvest |  Italy
Law[20] |  | 7.8 (2017)  | Bossini |  Hong Kong
Heraeus[28] | Wilhelm Carl Heraeus, Jürgen Heraeus, Jan Rinnert  | 7.7 (2017)  | Heraeus |  Germany
Irving[15] | K. C. Irving, James K. Irving, Arthur Irving, John E. Irving, Sarah Irving, Robert Irving, Mary Jean Irving, Jean E. Irving, Judy Irving, John K. F. Irving, Colin D. Irving | 7.65 (2017)  | Irving Group of Companies, Irving Oil, J. D. Irving |  Canada
Fisher  | John Fisher, Robert Fisher, Doris Fisher, William Fisher (Donald Fisher)  | 7.6 (2024)[7] | Gap Inc. |  United States
Mori[20] |  | 7.6 (2017)  | Mori Building Company |  Japan
Firmenich[35] | Patrick Firmenich | 7.5 (2018)  | Firmenich |  Switzerland
Schmidheiny[35] | Max Schmidheiny Stephan Schmidheiny, Thomas Schmidheiny | 7.5 (2018)  | Diversified (Holcim, i.a.)  |  Switzerland
D'Ieteren  | Nicolas D'Ieteren, Catheline Perier D'Ieteren  | 7.3 (2024)[55] | D'Ieteren |  Belgium
Siemens[28] | Werner von Siemens, Carl Wilhelm Siemens, Carl Heinrich von Siemens, Georg von Siemens, Arnold von Siemens, Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, Carl Friedrich von Siemens, Hermann von Siemens, Ernst von Siemens, Peter von Siemens, Nathalie von Siemens, Peter C. von Siemens  | 7.3 (2017)  | Siemens |  Germany
Zekelman  | Barry Zekelman, Clayton Zekelman, Alan Zekelman  | 7.2 (2024)[7] | Zekelman Industries |  Canada
Singh Dhingra  | Gurbachan Singh Dhingra, Kuldip Singh Dhingra | 7 (2024)[7] | Berger Paints India  |  India
Lal[20] |  | 7 (2017)  | Eicher Group |  India
Rotenberg[2] | Arkady Rotenberg, Igor Rotenberg, Boris Rotenberg | 6.9 (2024)[7] | Stroygazmontazh (S.G.M. Group) |  Russia
Oetker  | Alfred Oetker, Carl Ferdinand Oetker, Julia Oetker  | 6.9 (2024)[7] | Geschwister Oetker  |  Germany
Flick[18] | Friedrich Karl Flick, Ingrid Ragger | 6.9 (euros, 2014)  |  |  Austria
Al Jaber[42] | Mohamed Bin Issa Al Jaber | 6.76 (euros, 2017)  | MBI International Holding Group |  United Kingdom
Desmarais[15] | Paul Desmarais | 6.71 (2017)  | Power Corporation of Canada |  Canada
Bangur[20] |  | 6.7 (2017)  | Shree Cement |  India
Batista  | Joesley Batista, Wesley Batista (José Batista Sobrinho)  | 6.6 (2024)[7] | JBS S.A. |  Brazil
Engelhorn[35] | Curt Engelhorn, Traudl Engelhorn-Vechiatto,  | 6.5 (2018)  | Pharmaceuticals firm Boehringer Mannheim |  Germany
Kwee[20] | Kwee Liong Keng, Kwee Liong Phing, Kwee Liong Seen, Kwee Liong Tek | 6.4 (2024)[7] | Pontiac Land |  Singapore
Khoo[20] |  | 6.4 (2017)  | Maybank |  Singapore
Wertheimer[56] | Stef Wertheimer | 6.3 (2024)[7] | Iscar Metalworking |  Israel
Perfetti[35] | Giorgio Perfetti, Augusto Perfetti | 6.3 (2024)[7] | Perfetti Van Melle |  Italy
Johnson[57] | Barbara Piasecka Johnson, Bertram and Diana Firestone, Mary Lea Johnson Richards, Casey Johnson, Jamie Johnson (filmmaker), John Seward Johnson II, John Seward Johnson I, Robert Wood Johnson I, Robert Wood Johnson II, Robert Wood Johnson III, Woody Johnson | 6.3 (2015)  | Johnson & Johnson |  United States
Chey (Tae-won) family[20] | Chey Tae-won, Chey Ki-won | 6.3 (2017)  | SK Group |  South Korea
Wee[20] |  | 6.25 (2017)  | United Overseas Bank |  Singapore
Marinho[58] | João Roberto Marinho, José Roberto Marinho, Roberto Irineu Marinho (Roberto Marinho)  | 6.2 (2024)[7] | Grupo Globo, Rede Globo |  Brazil
Sehgal[20] |  | 6.15 (2017)  | Auto parts  |  India
Wadia[20] |  | 6.14 (2017)  | Diversified  |  India
Zobel de Ayala[20] | List of family members | 6.13 (2017)  | Ayala Corporation |  Philippines
Feffer  | David Feffer, Daniel Feffer, Jorge Feffer, Ruben Feffer (Leon Feffer, Max Feffer)  | 6.1 (2024)[7] | Suzano (pulp and paper)  |  Brazil
Kushal Pal Singh[20] |  | 6.1 (2017)  | Real estate  |  India
Duff  | James Duff, Thomas Duff  | 6 (2024)[7] | Duff Capital Investors  |  United States
Patel[20] |  | 6 (2017)  | Cadila Healthcare |  India
Richardson[15] |  | 5.95 (2017)  | James Richardson & Sons |  Canada
Mansour  | Mohamed Mansour, Youssef Mansour, Yasseen Mansour (Loutfy Mansour)  | 5.8 (2024)[7] | Mansour Group |  Egypt
Wirtgen  | Jurgen Wirtgen, Stefan Wirtgen (Reinhard Wirtgen)  | 5.8 (2024)[7] | Wirtgen Group |  Germany
Sands  | Robert Sands, Richard Sands (Marvin Sands)  | 5.7 (2024)[7] | Liquor  |  United States
Mikati  | Najib Mikati, Taha Mikati | 5.6 (2024)[7] | M1 Group |  Lebanon
Knauf  | Karl Knauf, Christine Knauf, Robert Knauf, Martin Knauf, Alexander Knauf  | 5.6 (2024)[7] | Knauf Gips KG (building materials)  |  Germany
Fielmann  | Marc Fielmann, Sophie Luise Fielmann (Guenther Fielmann)  | 5.6 (2024)[7] | Fielmann AG (optometry)  |  Germany
Ermirio de Moraes[31] | Jose Roberto Ermirio de Moraes, Jose Ermirio de Moraes Neto, Neide Helena de Moraes, Clóvis Ermírio de Moraes (Jose Ermirio de Moraes, Antônio Ermírio de Moraes, Ermirio Pereira de Moraes, Maria Helena Moraes Scripilliti)  | 5.6 (2024)[7] | Votorantim Group |  Brazil
Wynn  | Steve Wynn, Elaine Wynn | 5.5 (2024)[6] | Casinos (The Mirage, Treasure Island, Bellagio and Wynn Las Vegas)  |  United States
von Finck[35] | August von Finck Sr., August von Finck Jr., August François von Finck | 5.5 (2018)  | Merck Finck & Co., Mövenpick, Von Roll Holding, and investment in many other companies  |  Germany
Switzerland
Hilti[35] | Martin Hilti, Eugen Hilti  | 5.5 (2018)  | Hilti |  Liechtenstein
Switzerland
Marguerre[35] | Wolfgang Marguerre, Frederic Marguerre, Tobias Marguerre  | 5.5 (2018)  | Octapharma |  Germany
Switzerland
Miele and Zinkann[28] | Carl Miele, Reinhard Zinkann, Rudolf Miele, Peter Zinkann, Markus Miele, Reinhard Zinkann jr.  | 5.5 (2017)  | Miele |  Germany
Winklevoss  | Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss | 5.4 (2024)[7] | Gemini |  United States
Saputo[15] | Lino Saputo, Francesco Saputo, Joey Saputo, Mirella Saputo  | 5.4 (2024)[7] | Saputo Inc. |  Canada
Getty[59] | J. Paul Getty, Sir Paul Getty, John Paul Getty III, Ariadne Getty, Balthazar Getty | 5.4 (2015)  | Getty Oil |  United States
Erdemoğlu[60] | İbrahim Erdemoğlu, Ali Erdemoğlu  | 5.3 (2024)[7] | SASA Polyester (carpet)  |  Turkey
Bouygues  | Martin Bouygues, Olivier Bouygues | 5.2 (2024)[7] | Bouygues Group |  France
Tung Chee Hwa and Chee Chen[20] |  | 5.2 (2017)  | Shipping  |  Hong Kong
Freudenberg[28] | Carl Johann Freudenberg, Reinhart Freudenberg, Wolfram Freudenberg, Martin Wentzler  | 5.2 (2017)  | Freudenberg Group |  Germany
Shin (Kyuk-ho) family | Shin Dong-bin, Shin Kyuk-ho, Shin Dong-joo, Shin Choon-ho, etc.  | 5.0 (2015)  | Lotte Group, Nongshim, Pulemil  |  South Korea
Lo[20] |  | 5 (2017)  | Shui On Group |  Hong Kong
Munjal[20] | Pawan Munjal, Renu Munjal, Suman Munjal (Brijmohan Lall Munjal)  | 4.9 (2024)[7] | Hero Group |  India
Azrieli[15] | David Azrieli, Danna Azrieli, Naomi Azrieli, Sharon Azrieli  | 4.8 (2024)[7] | Azrieli Group |  Israel
Canada
Smith  | Ryan Smith, Jared Smith, Scott Smith  | 4.8 (2024)[7] | Qualtrics |  United States

## Historical

[edit]

Further information: List of banking families

Excluding royal dynasties and land-owning aristocracy, the wealthiest families since the emergence of banking and early capitalism in the Italian Renaissance were:[citation needed]

* The Rothschild family of bankers became the richest family in the mid-19th century.[61] The family's accumulated wealth has been divided among many descendants, only one of which (Benjamin de Rothschild) was officially recognized as a billionaire. Determining the family's exact wealth has been deemed implausible;[62] conspiracy theories claiming the family is worth trillions of dollars have not been proven.[63][64]
* The Bardi family of Florence (14th century)
* The Medici family, as owners of the Medici Bank, the richest family in 15th-century Europe.[65]
* The Gondi family of Florence, financial partners of the Medici family in the 15th century.
* The Fugger family of mercantile bankers and venture capitalists, the richest family in the 16th century.[66]
* The Welser family, alongside the Fugger one of the most important families of merchant bankers in 16th-century Europe.
* The Baring family, owners of an important merchant bank in London in the 18th to 19th centuries.
* The Schröder family, a leading Hanseatic family of Hamburg in the 18th to 19th centuries.
* The Goldman–Sachs family, owners of the Goldman Sachs investment bank from 1869 to 1912.[67]
* The Venetian noble houses, notably the Contarini, Cornaro, Dandolo, Giustinian, Loredan, Mocenigo, and Morosini families, monopolised pre-modern trade while ruling the Venetian Republic as a mercantile oligarchy.[68]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ The $278 billion in assets include charitable foundations and other investment vehicles which are not owned by individual shareholders but still retain successive management.
2. ^ Approximately euro to dollar conversion rate as of September 2019
3. ^ Approximately euro to dollar conversion rate as of September 2018[19]
4. ^ In March 2017, Tharawat Magazine reported that approximately one thousand family members co-own the holding company Association Familiale Mulliez.[26]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Dolan, Kerry A. "Billion-Dollar Bloodlines: America's Richest Families 2015". Forbes. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
2. ^ a b c "The richest Russian family clans – 2016". Crime Russia. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
3. ^ The Scudder Family, John Pitman, Chandrani Ghosh, David Armstrong, The Dynasties, Forbes, 28 February 2002. "The names are famous and often synonymous with great brands, from spaghetti to tires; those who bear them are without question fabulously wealthy. Yet the Rothschilds, Rockefellers, Michelins and 47 other billionaire families don't appear on the Forbes World's Richest People list. Why not? It's a question of degrees. We have tried to distinguish between fortunes that belong to individuals or nuclear families, and those that have been passed down through more than one branch of the family tree and are often shared by dozens of heirs."
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "The World's Wealthiest Family Gets $4 Million Richer Every Hour". Bloomberg. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
5. ^ Hanbury, Mary (24 February 2018). "MEET THE WALTONS: How America's wealthiest family spends its Walmart fortune". Business Insider. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "These Are the World's Richest Families". Bloomberg.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq "Forbes Billionaires 2024: The Richest People In The World". Forbes. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
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12. ^ https://oldmoneysociety.com/merck-family/
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16. ^ Zeveloff, Julie (5 March 2012). "MOVE OVER, FORBES: Here Are The Real 20 Richest People In The World". Business Insider. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
17. ^ Fröhlich, Christoph (13 December 2024). "Die reichste Familie der Welt (Ranking 2024) - Seite 5". DAS INVESTMENT (in German). Retrieved 12 January 2025.
18. ^ a b "Austria's 33 Richest Families Worth €120bn". Advantage Austria. 31 July 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
19. ^ "44.8 EUR to USD - Euros to US Dollars Exchange Rate". www.xe.com.
20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al "Asia's Richest Families 2017: The Billion-Dollar Clans Ruling The Region". Forbes. 14 November 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2018. Official list.
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22. ^ a b Solutions, EIU Digital. "Mr Netanyahu's position is secure for now". List of countries. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
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28. ^ a b c d e f g Neßhöver, Christoph (5 October 2017). "Das sind Deutschlands reichste Sippen". Manager Magazin (in German). Retrieved 28 November 2018.
29. ^ a b c d e "Die reichsten Deutschen". Manager Magazin (in German). 4 October 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
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31. ^ a b Anderson Antunes (13 May 2014). "The 15 Richest Families In Brazil". Forbes. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
32. ^ "Radhakishan Damani". Forbes. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
33. ^ "Gopikishan Damani". Forbes. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
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35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "300 Reichste 2018". Bilanz (in German). 29 November 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
36. ^ "Rich list 2016 reveals steel magnate's fortune drop". BBC News. 24 April 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
37. ^ "The Dynasties". Forbes.com. 28 February 2002. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
38. ^ "Medtech's Billionaires: #1 The Stryker Family and John Brown - MDDI Medical Device and Diagnostic Industry News Products and Suppliers". 27 March 2015. Quote: Sibling heirs Ronda ($3.7B), Pat ($2.2B), and Jon Stryker ($1.93B) ... all became wealthy through Kalamazoo, MI-based Stryker Corp.
39. ^ "Global Wealth and Society Programme | Wealth and Society". www.wealthandsociety.com. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
40. ^ "Ng brothers are Singapore's richest for 6 years running: Forbes".
41. ^ "Four generations on, Heineken family won't loosen grip". Reuters. 15 September 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
42. ^ a b c Brinded, Lianna (7 May 2017). "These are the 25 richest people in Britain". Business Insider. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
43. ^ "Revealed! These are some of the richest and most powerful families in the whole of Africa". INFORMATION NIGERIA. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
44. ^ "The world's richest families revealed". MSN. 11 April 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
45. ^ Flaherty, Rachel (21 March 2013). "Who are the richest people and families in Ireland?". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
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47. ^ "Asia's Richest Families". Forbes. 2017.
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51. ^ a b c "Top 10 wealthiest families of Turkey". Yeni Şafak. 16 November 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
52. ^ "Texas billionaire Harold Simmons' heirs save some money on taxes".
53. ^ "Arab World's Richest Families 2017". Forbes Middle East. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
54. ^ "Silvio Berlusconi & family". Forbes. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
55. ^ "Forbes Billionaires 2024: The Richest People In The World". Forbes. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
56. ^ "Stef Wertheimer". Bloomberg.com. 1 January 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
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58. ^ "The 15 Richest Families In Brazil". Forbes. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
59. ^ "Forbes". Forbes.
60. ^ "Forbes'in açıkladığı Türkiye'nin en zengini İbrahim Erdemoğlu kimdir?". BirGün. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
61. ^ Niall Ferguson, The Ascent of Money (2008), p. 88: "Between 1818 and 1852, the combined capital of the five Rothschild 'houses' (Frankfurt, London, Naples, Paris and Vienna) rose from £1.8 million to £9.5 million. As early as 1825 their combined capital was nine times greater than that of Baring Brothers and the Banque de France. By 1899, at £41 million, it exceeded the capital of the five biggest German joint-stock banks put together."
62. ^ "The Rothschilds’ family fortune", Financial Times, 25 March 2010
63. ^ Putterman, Samantha (9 January 2019). "Meme way off in claim that the Rothschild family holds '80 percent of the world's wealth'". PolitiFact.
64. ^ Evon, Dan (29 October 2016). "Rothschild Family Wealth". Snopes.
65. ^ de Roover, Raymond Adrien (1966), The rise and decline of the Medici Bank: 1397–1494, New York City; Toronto: W. W. Norton; George J. McLeod Limited (respectively), LCCN 63-11417
66. ^ Steinmetz, Greg. (2015). The richest man who ever lived : the life and times of Jacob Fugger. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-8856-6. OCLC 965139738.
67. ^ The company admitted the first partner who was not a family member in 1912, and Henry Goldman resigned in 1917. William D. Cohan, Money and Power: How Goldman Sachs Came to Rule the World (2012).
68. ^ Winters, Jeffrey A. (2011). Oligarchy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 128\. ISBN 9781139495646.

## External links

[edit]

* Gauri Bhatia, Here's how India's wealthiest families are seeking to stay wealthy, CNBC, 18 October 2017
* Simone Foxman, World's Richest Families Seeking to Make More Deals on Their Own, Bloomberg, 9 November
* The T&C 50: The Richest Families You've Never Heard Of, Town & Country, 17 October 2017,
* Kerry A. Dolan and Luisa Kroll, "Billionaire Dynasties", Forbes, 21 June 2001
* Devon Pendleton, Bloomberg, Europe's richest royal gets richer as family bank lures wealthy, The Register Citizen, 28 October 2017
* Tom Metcalf and Jack Witzig, World's Wealthiest Became $1 Trillion Richer in 2017, Bloomberg News, 27 December 2017
* Kimberley Richards, 87 richest families in Canada have 4,000 times more wealth than average family, report says, Independent, 1 August 2018

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