List of woods

Kwila

This is a list of woods, most commonly used in the timber and lumber trade.

## Soft woods (coniferous)

[edit]

* Araucaria
* Hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii)
* Monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana)
* Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia)
* Cedar (Cedrus)
* Celery-top pine (Phyllocladus aspleniifolius)
* Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
* Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
* Bald cypress, southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
* Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides)
* Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
* Lawson's cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
* Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
* Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
* Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)
* Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
* European yew (Taxus baccata)
* Fir (Abies)
* Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
* Silver fir (Abies alba)
* Noble fir (Abies procera)
* Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis)
* Hemlock (Tsuga)
* Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
* Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
* Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
* Huon pine, Macquarie pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii)
* Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
* Queensland kauri (Australia) (Agathis robusta)
* Japanese nutmeg-yew, kaya (Torreya nucifera)
* Larch (Larix)
* European larch (Larix decidua)
* Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)
* Tamarack (Larix laricina)
* Western larch (Larix occidentalis)
* Pine (Pinus)
* European black pine (Pinus nigra)
* Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)
* Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
* Monterey pine (Pinus radiata)
* Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
* Red pine (North America) (Pinus resinosa)
* Scots pine, red pine (UK) (Pinus sylvestris)
* White pine
* Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)
* Western white pine (Pinus monticola)
* Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana)
* Southern yellow pine
* Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
* Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)
* Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)
* Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)
* Red cedar
* Eastern red cedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
* Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)
* Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
* Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)
* Spruce (Picea)
* Norway spruce (Picea abies)
* Black spruce (Picea mariana)
* Red spruce (Picea rubens)
* Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)
* White spruce (Picea glauca)
* Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
* White cedar
* Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
* Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
* Nootka cypress (Cupressus nootkatensis)

## Hardwoods (angiosperms)

[edit]

* Abachi (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
* Acacia (Acacia sp., Robinia pseudoacacia)
* African padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)
* Afzelia, doussi (Afzelia africana)
* Agba, tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)
* Alder (Alnus)
* Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
* Red alder (Alnus rubra)
* Ash (Fraxinus)
* Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
* Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
* Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
* Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
* Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia)[1]
* Pumpkin ash (Fraxinus profunda)[1]
* White ash (Fraxinus americana)
* Aspen (Populus)
* Bigtooth aspen (Populus gradidentata)
* European aspen (Populus tremula)
* Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
* Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata)
* Ayan, movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)[2]
* Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
* Basswood, linden
* American basswood (Tilia americana)[1]
* White basswood (Tilia heterophylla)[1]
* American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
* Birch (Betula)
* American birches
* Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
* Black birch (Betula nigra)
* Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
* Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
* Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
* European birches
* Silver birch (Betula pendula)
* Downy birch (Betula pubescens)
* Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
* Blackwood
* Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
* African blackwood, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
* Bloodwood (Brosimum rubescens)[3]
* Boxelder (Acer negundo)
* Boxwood, common box (Buxus sempervirens)
* Brazilian walnut (Ocotea porosa)
* Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
* Buckeye, Horse-chestnut (Aesculus)
* Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
* Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
* Yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava)
* Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
* California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)
* Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
* Cape chestnut (Calodendrum capense)
* Catalpa, catawba (Catalpa)
* Ceylon satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia)
* Cherry (Prunus)
* Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
* Red cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
* Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
* Chestnut (Castanea spp.)
* Chestnut (Castanea sativa)
* American Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
* Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
* Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
* Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
* Cottonwood, popular
* Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
* Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
* Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)
* Cumaru (Dipteryx spp.)[4]
* Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
* Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
* Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
* Ebony (Diospyros)
* Andaman marblewood (Diospyros kurzii)
* Ebène marbre (Diospyros melanida)
* African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora)[5]
* Ceylon ebony (Diospyros ebenum)
* Rare Brown (Rareay Brownibium)
* Elm
* American elm (Ulmus americana)
* English elm (Ulmus procera)
* Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
* Slippery elm, red elm (Ulmus rubra)
* Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
* Eucalyptus
* Lyptus: Flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
* White mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides)
* Brown mallet (Eucalyptus astringens)[6]
* Banglay, southern mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides)
* River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
* Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
* Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
* Flooded gum, rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
* York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba)[6]
* Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)
* Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys)
* Grey ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata)
* Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis)
* Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans)
* Australian oak (Eucalyptus obliqua)
* Alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis)
* Red mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera)
* Swamp mahogany, swamp messmate (Eucalyptus robusta)
* Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna)
* Mugga, red ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon)
* Redwood (Eucalyptus transcontinentalis)[6]
* Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo)[6]
* European crabapple (Malus sylvestris)
* European pear (Pyrus communis)
* Gonçalo alves (Astronium spp.)
* Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei)
* Grenadilla, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
* Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense)
* Gum (Eucalyptus)
* Gumbo limbo (Bursera simaruba)
* Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
* Hickory (Carya)
* Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
* Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
* Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
* Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
* Hornbeam (Carpinus spp.)
* American hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)
* Ipê (Handroanthus spp.)
* Iroko, African teak (Milicia excelsa)
* Ironwood
* Balau (Shorea spp.)
* American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
* Sheoak, Polynesian ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia)
* Giant ironwood (Choricarpia subargentea)
* Diesel tree (Copaifera langsdorffii)
* Borneo ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
* Lignum vitae
* Guaiacwood (Guaiacum officinale)
* Holywood (Guaiacum sanctum)
* Takian (Hopea odorata)
* Black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum)
* Black ironwood, olive (Olea spp.)
* Lebombo ironwood Androstachys johnsonii
* Catalina ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus)
* Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea)
* Desert ironwood (Olneya tesota)
* Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica)
* Brazilian ironwood, pau ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea)
* Yellow lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia)
* Jacarandá-boca-de-sapo (Jacaranda brasiliana)
* Jacarandá de Brasil (Dalbergia nigra)
* Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
* Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis)
* Lacewood
* Northern silky oak (Cardwellia sublimis)
* American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
* London plane (Platanus × hispanica)
* Limba (Terminalia superba)
* Locust
* Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
* Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
* Mahogany
* Genuine mahogany (Swietenia)[7]
* West Indies mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)
* Bigleaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
* Pacific Coast mahogany (Swietenia humilis)
* other mahogany
* African mahogany (Khaya spp.)
* Chinese mahogany (Toona sinensis)
* Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany (Toona ciliata)
* Philippine mahogany, calantis, kalantis (Toona calantas)
* Indonesian mahogany, suren (Toona sureni)
* Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum)
* Sipo, utile (Entandrophragma utile)
* Tiama, (Entandrophragma angolense)
* Kosipo, (Entandrophragma candollei)
* Mountain mahogany, bottle tree (Entandrophragma caudatumi)
* Indian mahogany, chickrassy, chittagong wood (Chukrasia velutina)
* Spanish Cedar, cedro, Brazilian mahogany (Cedrela odorata)
* Light bosse, pink mahogany (Guarea cedrata)
* Dark bosse, pink Mahogany (Guarea thompsonii)
* American muskwood (Guarea grandifolia)
* Carapa, royal mahogany, demerara mahogany, bastard mahogany, andiroba, crabwood (Carapa guianensis)[8]
* Bead-tree, white cedar, Persian lilac (Melia azedarach)
* Maple (Acer)
* Hard maple
* Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
* Black maple (Acer nigrum)
* Soft maple
* Boxelder (Acer negundo)
* Red maple (Acer rubrum)
* Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
* European maple
* Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
* Marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum)
* Marri, red gum (Corymbia calophylla)
* Meranti (Shorea spp.)
* Merbau, ipil (Intsia bijuga), Kwila
* Mesquite
* White mesquite (Prosopis alba)
* Chilean mesquite (Prosopis chilensis)
* Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)
* Black mesquite (Prosopis nigra)
* Screwbean mesquite (Prosopis pubescens)
* Velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina)
* Mopane (Colophospermum mopane)
* Oak (Quercus)
* White oak
* White oak (Quercus alba)
* Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
* Post oak (Quercus stellata)
* Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
* Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
* Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
* Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus)
* Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
* Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
* Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
* English oak (Quercus robur)
* Red oak
* Northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
* Eastern black oak (Quercus velutina)
* Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
* Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
* Water oak (Quercus nigra)
* Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
* Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana)
* Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana)
* Olive (Olea europaea)
* Pearl tree (Poliothyrsis sinensis)
* Pink ivory (Berchemia zeyheri)
* Poplar
* Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
* Black poplar (Populus nigra)
* Hybrid black poplar (Populus × canadensis)
* Purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.)
* Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana)
* Queensland walnut (Endiandra palmerstonii)
* Ramin (Gonystylus spp.)
* Redheart, chakté-coc (Erythroxylon mexicanum)
* Sal (Shorea robusta)
* Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
* Sandalwood (Santalum spp.)
* Indian sandalwood (Santalum album)
* Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
* Southern sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum)
* Satiné, satinwood (Brosimum rubescens)[9]
* Silky oak (Grevillea robusta)
* Silver wattle (Acacia dealbata)
* Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
* Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
* Spanish elm (Cordia alliodora)
* Tamboti (Spirostachys africana)
* Teak (Tectona grandis)
* Philippine teak (Tectona philippinensis)
* Thailand rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)
* Tupelo (Nyssa spp.)
* Black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica)
* Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
* Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)
* Walnut (Juglans)
* Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra)
* Common walnut (Juglans regia)
* Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
* Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii)
* Willow (Salix)
* Black willow (Salix nigra)
* Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Caerulea')
* White willow (Salix alba)
* Weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
* Zingana, African zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis)

## Pseudowoods

[edit]

Other wood-like materials:

* Bamboo
* Palm tree
* Coconut timber (Cocos nucifera)
* Toddy palm timber (Borassus flabellifer)

## See also

[edit]

* Janka hardness test
* List of Indian timber trees

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Summit, R. and A. Sliker. 1980. Handbook of Materials Science, Volume IV: Wood. Florida: CRC Press, Inc.
2. ^ Distemonanthus benthamianus. Archived 2021-01-18 at the Wayback Machine Wood Technical Fact Sheet. Forest Service. USDA.
3. ^ "Bloodwood | the Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)". Archived from the original on 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2016-05-16.
4. ^ "MADERAS DEL". Government of Peru, INIA. 1999. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
5. ^ Diospyros crassiflora. Archived 2015-03-24 at the Wayback Machine Plant Resources of Tropical Africa.
6. ^ a b c d Denham, R. (1999). "Specialty Timbers for the Western Australian Wheatbelt" (PDF). Farmnote 80/99. Department of Agriculture Western Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
7. ^ the editors of Fine woodworking (2003). In the 18th century style: building furniture inspired by the classical tradition. US: The Taunton Press. pp. 36–43. ISBN 1-56158-397-9. `{{cite book}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
8. ^ Carapa guianensis. Archived 2014-01-09 at the Wayback Machine World Agroforestry Centre.
9. ^ Richter, H. G. and M. J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Brosimum rubescens Taub. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. DELTA – DEscription Language for TAxonomy. June 2009.

## External links

[edit]

* Global Wood Density Database
* National Hardwood and Lumber Association
* American Hardwood Information Center
* American Hardwood Export Council
* Australian National Association of Forest Industries
* Canadian Wood Group
* FSC Lesser Known Timber Species
* NCSU Inside Wood project
* Reproduction of The American Woods: exhibited by actual specimens and with copious explanatory text by Romeyn B. Hough
* US Forest Products Laboratory, "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook Archived 2021-01-18 at the Wayback Machine PDF 916K
* International Wood Collectors Society
* Xiloteca Manuel Soler (One of the largest private collection of wood samples)
* African Timber Export Statistics

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| Soft|

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|

Hard|

* Afromosia
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* Miter
* Ripsaw
* Scroll
* Table
* Veneer
* Whipsaw

Planes|

* Bedrock plane
* Block plane
* Chamfer plane
* Compass plane
* Finger plane
* Fore plane
* Grooving plane
* Jack plane
* Japanese plane
* Jointer plane
* Moulding plane
* Razee plane
* Rebate plane
* Router plane
* Scrub plane
* Shoulder plane
* Smoothing plane
* Spokeshave
* Surform

Geometry|

| Joints|

* Birdsmouth
* Biscuit
* Box
* Bridle
* Butt
* Butterfly
* Coping
* Crown of thorns
* Dado
* Dovetail
* Finger
* Groove
* Halved
* Hammer-headed tenon
* Knee
* Lap
* Mason's mitre
* Miter
* Mortise and tenon
* Rabbet/Rebate
* Scarf
* Splice
* Tongue and groove

|

Profiles|

* Bead
* Bevel
* Chamfer
* Ogee
* Ogive
* Ovolo

Surface piecing|

* Binding
* Edge banding
* Intarsia
* Marquetry
* Oystering
* Parquetry
* Purfling

Treatments|

* Adhesive
* French polish
* Heat bending
* Lacquer
* Oil
* Paint
* Paint stripper
* Steam bending
* Thermal
* Varnish
* Wax
* Wood drying
* Wood preservation
* Wood stain
* Wood finishing

Organizations|

* American Association of Woodturners
* Architectural Woodwork Institute
* British Woodworking Federation
* Building and Wood Workers' International
* Caricature Carvers of America
* International Federation of Building and Wood Workers
* National Wood Carvers Association
* Society of Wood Engravers
* Timber Framers Guild

Conversion|

* Chainsaw mill
* Hewing
* Sawmill
* Whipsaw
* Wood splitting
* Flat sawing
* Quarter sawing
* Rift sawing

Techniques|

* Frame and panel
* Frameless construction

* Category
* WikiProject
* Commons

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