List of works by Charles Holden

Charles Holden by Benjamin Nelson, 1910

Charles Holden (12 May 1875 – 1 May 1960) was an English architect best known for designing many London Underground stations during the 1920s and 1930s. Other notable designs were Bristol Central Library, the Underground Electric Railways Company of London's headquarters at 55 Broadway and the University of London's Senate House. Many of his buildings have been granted listed building status, indicating that they are considered to be of architectural or historical interest and protecting them from unapproved alteration.[note 1] He also designed over 60 war cemeteries and two memorials in Belgium and northern France for the Imperial War Graves Commission from 1920 to 1928.[1]

Holden's early architectural training was in Bolton and Manchester where he worked for architects Everard W. Leeson and Jonathan Simpson before moving to London.[2] After a short period with Arts and Crafts designer Charles Robert Ashbee, he went to work for Henry Percy Adams in 1899. He became Adams' partner in the firm in 1907 and remained with it for the rest of his career.[3]

## Buildings

[edit]

Holden's early buildings were influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement, but for most of his career he championed an unadorned style based on simplified forms and massing that was free of what he considered to be unnecessary decorative detailing. He believed strongly that architectural designs should be dictated by the intended functions of buildings.[4][5] After the First World War he increasingly simplified his style and his designs became pared-down and modernist, influenced by continental European architecture.[6][7] This list includes all buildings for which Holden was commissioned to produce designs.

| Building[8] | Location[note 2] | Year
completed[8] | Listed  | Note

|
|
|
|

14–15 Old Bond Street | Westminster | 1911 | – |
55 Broadway | Westminster | 1929 | Grade I[9] | First cruciform plan office building in Britain; includes St James's Park tube station. Sculptures commissioned by Holden for the building include Jacob Epstein's Day and Night and Henry Moore's first public commission.
87 Harmer Green Lane | Welwyn, Hertfordshire | 1906 | – | Holden's own home
127 & 129 High Holborn | Holborn | 1904 | Grade II[10] |
Acton Town Underground station | Acton | 1932 | Grade II[11] |
Almshouses | Woburn, Bedfordshire | 1906 | – |
Alperton Underground station | Alperton | 1931 | – |
Archway Underground station | Archway | 1931 | – | Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade, since demolished
Arnos Grove Underground station | Arnos Grove | 1932 | Grade II*[12] |
Balham Underground station | Balham | 1926 | Grade II[13] |
Bedfordshire Cottages, Workhouse site | Woburn, Bedfordshire | 1901 | – |
Belgrave Hospital for Children | Kennington | 1903 | Grade II*[14] |
Birchmoor Lodge | Woburn, Bedfordshire | 1901 | – |
Bond Street Underground station | West End | 1927 | – | Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade, since demolished
Boston Manor Underground station | Boston Manor | 1934 | Grade II[15] | With Stanley Heaps
Bounds Green Underground station | Bounds Green | 1932 | Grade II[16] | With Charles Holloway James
Bristol Central Library | Bristol | 1906 | Grade I[17] | A Tudor revival exterior with classical interior. Furnishings also by Holden.
Bristol Royal Infirmary King Edward VII memorial extension | Bristol | 1912 | – |
British Medical Association | Strand | 1908 | Grade II*[18] | Now Zimbabwe House. Jacob Epstein's series of sculptures caused great controversy when unveiled. They were defaced in the 1930s to prevent pieces falling off.
British Seamen's Hospital | Istanbul, Turkey | 1903 | – |
Bushey Heath Underground station | Bushey, Hertfordshire | – | – | Unbuilt
Cavendish Laboratory, Austin Wing, University of Cambridge | Cambridge, Cambridgeshire | 1940 | – |
Chiswick Park Underground station | Chiswick | 1932 | Grade II[19] |
Clapham Common Underground station | Clapham | 1924 | Grade II[20] |
Clapham South Underground station | Clapham | 1926 | Grade II[21] |
Clifton College Memorial Arch | Bristol | 1922 | Grade II[22] |
Colliers Wood Underground station | Colliers Wood | 1926 | Grade II[23] |
Cockfosters Underground station | Cockfosters | 1933 | Grade II[24] |
Cottages | Port Sunlight, Merseyside | 1898 | – |
Cottage Hospital | Woburn, Bedfordshire | 1903 | Grade II[25] | Listed as Henry P. Adams design
Crowholt Lodge | Woburn, Bedfordshire | 1914 | – |
Danvers Tower, Cheyne Walk | Chelsea | – | – | Unbuilt design for artists' studios
Ealing Common Underground station | Ealing | 1931 | Grade II[26] | With Stanley Heaps
Eastcote Underground station | Eastcote | 1939 | Grade II[27] |
East Finchley Underground station | East Finchley | 1939 | Grade II[28] | With Leonard Holcombe Bucknell
Elstree South Underground station | Elstree, Hertfordshire | – | – | Unbuilt
Evelyn House, Oxford Street | West End | 1909 | Grade II[29] |
Farm Cottages | Mayland, Essex | 1906 | – |
Finchley Central Underground station | Finchley | – | – | With Reginald Uren. Unbuilt.
Gants Hill Underground station | Gants Hill | 1947 | – | The platform level concourse was modelled after stations on the Moscow Metro
General Hospital | Tunbridge Wells, Kent | 1902 | – |
Green Park Underground station | Piccadilly | 1932 | – | New Portland stone entrance shelter adjacent to Green Park, since demolished
Grey Gables | Bolton, Greater Manchester | 1898 | – |
Hall of Remembrance (War Museum) | London | – | – | Unbuilt
Hammersmith tube station | Hammersmith | 1931 | – | New Portland stone and glazed screen secondary entrance façade, since demolished
Haresfoot | Berkhamsted, Buckinghamshire | 1920 | – | Additions to existing house
Highgate Underground station | Highgate | 1939 | – | Partly built and partly disused
Holborn Underground station | Holborn | 1933 | – | Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade
Homeopathic Cottage Hospital | Southport, Lancashire | 1909 | – | Arts and Crafts hospital building with sea view.
Hounslow West Underground station | Hounslow | 1931 | Grade II[30] | With Stanley Heaps
House | Delamere Forest, Cheshire | 1898 | – | Holden's first project, unknown location
House | Holford, Somerset | 1923 | – |
House Knight | Bepton Common, Midhurst, West Sussex | 1915 | – |
House Mayor | Bicknoller, Somerset | 1928 | – |
House Semon | Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire | 1910 | Grade II[31] | Now known as Rignalls
House Sixsmith | Adlington, Lancashire | 1907 | Grade II[32] | Now known as Brown Low
Institution of Electrical Engineers Interiors, Savoy Place | Westminster | 1911 | – |
Isle of Thanet District Hospital | Margate, Kent | 1926 | Grade II[33] | Now part of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother Hospital
Isolation Hospital for Infectious Diseases | Ampthill, Bedfordshire | 1903 | – |
King Edward VII Sanatorium | Midhurst, West Sussex | 1906 | Grade II*[34] | Chapel separately listed Grade II*[35]
Lodge | Woburn, Bedfordshire | 1908 | – |
Lodge, Birchmoor Drive | Woburn, Bedfordshire | 1914 | – |
Kings College for Women | Kensington | 1916 | Grade II[36] | Wren-influenced design for college for domestic science
Sir James Knott Memorial Flats | Tynemouth | 1939 | – | With Tasker & Child
Law Society extension | Holborn | 1904 | Grade II*[37] | Listed with main building by Lewis Vulliamy
Leicester Square Underground station | West End | 1933 | – | New Portland stone entrance building including public house and sub-surface booking hall and concourse
London Underground Acton Works and Offices | Acton | 1932 | – |
Manor House Underground station | Manor House | 1932 | – |
Mansion House Underground station | City of London | 1930 | – | Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade, since demolished
Memorial Chapel, New College, Oxford | Oxford, Oxfordshire | – | – | Unbuilt
Morden Underground station | Morden | 1926 | – |
Mortuary Chapel, Richmond Hospital | Richmond | 1914 | – |
National Library of Wales | Aberystwyth, Wales | 1937 | Grade II*[38] | Front range (modified version of earlier design by Sidney Greenslade). Also the Central Hall (completed 1955).
Northfields Underground station | Northfields | 1932 | Grade II[39] |
Oakwood Underground station | Oakwood | 1932 | Grade II*[40] | With Charles Holloway James. The free-standing station sign is separately listed Grade II[41]
Orchestral Association | London | 1912 | – |
Osterley Underground station | Osterley | 1934 | Grade II[42] | With Stanley Heaps
Piccadilly Circus Underground station | Piccadilly | 1928 | Grade II[43] | Sub-surface booking hall and concourse beneath the roadway of Piccadilly Circus
Rayners Lane Underground station | Harrow | 1938 | Grade II[44] | With Reginald Uren
Redbridge Underground station | Redbridge | 1947 | Grade II[45] |
Royal Northern Hospital | Holloway | 1941 | – | Demolished
Royal Victoria Infirmary | Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear | 1906 | – | With W. L. Newcombe
Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital | Westminster | 1926 | – |
St George's Hospital, Hyde Park Corner | Westminster | – | – | Unbuilt
St Luke's Hospital | Valletta, Malta | 1939 | – |
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London | Bloomsbury | 1946 | Grade II[46] |
Senate House, University of London | Bloomsbury | 1937 | Grade II*[47] | Tallest office building in London from 1937 to 1957. Remnant of a much grander unrealised scheme.
Shire Hall extension | Bedford, Bedfordshire | 1910 | Grade II[48] | Listed with main building by Alfred Waterhouse
Southgate Underground station | Southgate | 1932 | Grade II*[49] | Station parade and lamp standards also by Holden separately listed Grade II and Grade II*[50][51]
South Harrow Underground station | South Harrow | 1935 | – |
South Wimbledon Underground station | South Wimbledon | 1926 | Grade II[52] |
SS Caldedonia, Interiors | – | 1922 | – | Interior design of principal rooms for Anchor Line ocean liner
SS Cameronia, Interiors | – | 1922 | – | Interior design of principal rooms for Anchor Line ocean liner
SS Tuscania, Interiors | – | 1922 | – | Interior design of principal rooms for Anchor Line ocean liner
Sudbury Hill Underground station | Sudbury | 1931 | Grade II[53] |
Sudbury Town Underground station | Sudbury | 1931 | Grade II*[54] |
Sutton Valence School | Sutton Valence, Kent | 1914 | Grade II[55] |
Sutton Valence School, Chapel | Sutton Valence, Kent | 1928 | – |
Tomb of Oscar Wilde, Père Lachaise Cemetery | Paris, France | 1912 | – | With Jacob Epstein
Tooting Bec Underground station | Tooting | 1926 | Grade II[56] |
Tooting Broadway Underground station | Tooting | 1926 | Grade II[57] |
Torbay Hospital | Torbay, Devon | 1927 | – |
Torbay Hospital Chapel | Torbay, Devon | 1929 | Grade II[58] |
Trent Park House | Enfield | 1926 | Grade II[59] | New façades to existing mansion
Turnpike Lane Underground station | Harringay | 1932 | Grade II[60] |
Two Cottages | Oakley, Bedfordshire | 1905 | – |
Two Cottages | Woburn, Bedfordshire | 1907 | – |
Uxbridge Underground station | Uxbridge | 1938 | Grade II[61] | With Leonard Holcombe Bucknell
Victoria Hospital | Folkestone, Kent | 1910 | – | Ward extensions
Wanstead Underground station | Wanstead | 1947 | – |
Warren Street Underground station | Euston | 1933 | – | Replacement station building
West Ham Hospital | West Ham | 1907 | – |
West Kensington Underground station | West Kensington | 1928 | – | New façade and ticket hall
Westminster Female Refuge | Westminster | 1902 | – |
Westminster Hospital, Clapham Common | Clapham | – | – | Unbuilt
Westminster Underground station | Westminster | 1924 | – | Replacement side entrance and ticket hall, since demolished
Women's Hospital, Soho Square | Soho | 1908 | Grade II[62] | New façades and internal redesign of two existing houses
Woodcote | Aspley Guise, Bedfordshire | 1914 | – |
Wood Green Underground station | Wood Green | 1932 | Grade II[63] |
The Arts and Crafts design for the Belgrave Hospital for Children, Kennington, was inspired by Philip Webb and Henry Wilson.[64] Holden's competition-winning Tudor Revival design for Bristol Central Library was described by Andor Gomme as "one of the great masterpieces of the early Modern Movement".[17] A typical Edwardian façade for the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, carried out with W. L. Newcombe.[8] The series of sculptures commissioned from Jacob Epstein for the British Medical Association Building, Strand, Westminster were highly controversial and calls were made in the newspapers to have them removed.[6] For the Bristol Royal Infirmary, King Edward VII Memorial wing, Holden designed simplified abstract façades of white Portland stone.[65] Clifton College Memorial Arch, Bristol was constructed in a Gothic style using limestone and gritstone to match the college buildings.[22] South Wimbledon station, Merton, demonstrates the modernist glazed "folded screen" design that Holden developed for the seven new stations of the City and South London Railway's extension to Morden.[6] The cruciform plan of the Underground Group's headquarters at 55 Broadway, Westminster, maximised the daylight entering the building without using light wells. It was the first British office building to be planned in this way.[66] European architecture inspired a new style for the Piccadilly line described by Holden as "brick boxes with concrete lids".[67] Sudbury Town station, Sudbury, was the first of these. The single-storey Southgate station, Enfield, features a canopied roof supported on a single central column above a band of clerestory windows that is topped by an illuminated glass and bronze feature.[68] The designs for new buildings for the University of London, Bloomsbury, were gradually revised and cut back due to a shortage of funds.[69] The 19-storey, 210-foot (64 m) tall Senate House is the only part that was completed and was the tallest office building in London for 20 years.[70]

## Cemeteries

[edit]

Holden worked on the designs for 69 cemeteries for the dead of the First World War as part of his work for the Imperial War Graves Commission (IWGC, now the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC)) between 1918 and 1928.[1] Up until 1920, he worked as senior design architect and his designs are thought to include two of the initial cemetery designs built at Forceville and Louvencourt where Reginald Blomfield was named as the principal architect.[71][72][note 3] In 1920, he became one of the four principal architects for the cemeteries on the Western Front.[1]

| Cemetery  | Location  | Identified
casualties[note 4] | Note

|
|
|

Aubers Ridge British Cemetery[74][75] | Aubers, France | 278 |
Avesnes-le-Comte Communal Cemetery Extension[76] | Avesnes-le-Comte, France | 329 |
Awoingt British Cemetery[77] | Awoingt, France | 714 |
Bac-Du-Sud British Cemetery[78] | Bailleulval, France | 737 |
Bapaume Post Military Cemetery[79] | Albert, France | 229 |
Bellicourt British Cemetery[80] | Bellicourt, France | 892 |
Bienvillers Military Cemetery[77] | Bienvillers-au-Bois, France | 1,198 |
Boulogne Eastern Cemetery[81] | Boulogne, France | 5,743 |
Brown's Road Military Cemetery[82] | Festubert, France | 664 |
Busigny Communal Cemetery Extension[83] | Busigny, France | 697 |
Buttes New British Cemetery[84] | Zonnebeke, Belgium | 432 |
Cambrai East Military Cemetery[85] | Cambrai, France | 474 |
Cambrin Churchyard Extension[86] | Cambrin, France | 1,304 |
Cambrin Military Cemetery[87] | Cambrin, France | 816 |
Canada Cemetery, Tilloy-les-Cambrai[88] | Cambrai, France | 248 |
Caudry British Cemetery[77] | Caudry, France | 654 |
Chapelle British Cemetery[77] | Holnon, France | 360 |
Corbie Communal Cemetery Extension[89] | Corbie, France | 918 |
Cross Roads Cemetery[77] | Fontaine-au-Bois, France | 638 |
Dadizeele New British Cemetery[90] | Moorslede, Belgium | 871 |
Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No. 1[91] | Doullens, France | 1,366 |
Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No. 2[92] | Doullens, France | 459 |
Dranoutre Military Cemetery[93] | Heuvelland, Belgium | 456 |
Forceville Communal Cemetery and Extension[94][95] | Forceville, France | 308 | The principal architect was Reginald Blomfield, but aspects of the design have been attributed to Holden.
Gorre British and Indian Cemetery[96] | Beuvry, France | 901 |
Gouy-en-Artois Communal Cemetery Extension[97] | Gouy-en-Artois, France | 47 |
Grand Seraucourt British Cemetery[98][99] | Seraucourt-le-Grand, France | 496 |
Guards Cemetery, Windy Corner[100] | Cuinchy, France | 1,246 |
Ham British Cemetery[77][101] | Muille-Villette, France | 267 |
Highland Cemetery, Le Cateau[102] | Le Cateau, France | 560 |
Honnechy British Cemetery[77][103] | Honnechy, France | 347 |
Kandahar Farm Cemetery[104] | Heuvelland, Belgium | 435 |
Le Cateau Military Cemetery[105] | Le Cateau, France | 513 |
Lancashire Cottage Cemetery[106] | Comines-Warneton, Belgium | 265 |
La Plus Douve Farm Cemetery[107] | Comines-Warneton, Belgium | 345 |
Lindenhoek Chalet Military Cemetery[108] | Heuvelland, Belgium | 248 |
London Rifle Brigade Cemetery[109] | Comines-Warneton, Belgium | 343 |
Louvencourt Military Cemetery[94][110] | Louvencourt, France | 230 | The principal architect was Reginald Blomfield, but aspects of the design have been attributed to Holden.
Marcoing British Cemetery[77][111] | Marcoing, France | 181 |
Messines Ridge British Cemetery[112] | Messines, Belgium | 577 |
Montay-Neuvilly Road Cemetery[113] | Montay, France | 418 |
Naves Communal Cemetery Extension[77][114] | Naves, France | 320 |
Pargny British Cemetery[77][115] | Pargny, France | 149 |
Passchendaele New British Cemetery[116] | Zonnebeke, Belgium | 501 |
Poelcapelle British Cemetery[73] | Langemark-Poelkapelle, Belgium | 1,248 |
Polygon Wood Cemetery[117] | Zonnebeke, Belgium | 88 | Attached to Buttes New British Cemetery
Pond Farm Cemetery[118] | Heuvelland, Belgium | 297 |
Post Office Rifles Cemetery[119] | Festubert, France | 128 |
Premont British Cemetery[120] | Prémont, France | 561 |
Romeries Communal Cemetery Extension[121] | Romeries, France | 703 |
Rue-des-Berceaux Military Cemetery[77][122] | Richebourg-l'Avoué, France | 243 |
St. Aubert British Cemetery[123] | Avesnes-les-Aubert, France | 391 |
St. Quentin Cabaret Military Cemetery[124] | Heuvelland, Belgium | 455 |
St. Souplet British Cemetery[77][125] | Saint-Souplet, France | 591 |
St. Vaast Post Military Cemetery[98][126] | Richebourg-l'Avoué, France | 850 |
Savy British Cemetery[77][127] | Savy, France | 430 |
Strand Military Cemetery[128] | Comines-Warneton, Belgium | 802 |
Tancrez Farm Cemetery[129] | Comines-Warneton, Belgium | 328 |
Tournai Communal Cemetery Allied Extension[77][130] | Tournai, Belgium | 819 |
Trefcon British Cemetery[77][131] | Trefcon, France | 277 |
Unicorn Cemetery[132] | Vendhuile, France | 599 |
Valenciennes (St. Roch) Communal Cemetery[77][133] | Valenciennes, France | 882 |
Villers Hill British Cemetery[134] | Villers-Guislain, France | 385 |
Wailly Orchard Cemetery[135] | Wailly, France | 351 |
Warlincourt Halte British Cemetery[136] | Saulty, France | 1,286 | Some sources list this as a Lutyens cemetery that Holden completed
Wimereux Communal Cemetery[137] | Wimereux, France | 3,022 |
Woburn Abbey Cemetery[77][138] | Cuinchy, France | 315 |
Wulverghem-Lindenhoek Road Military Cemetery[139] | Heuvelland, Belgium | 658 |
Zantvoorde British Cemetery[140] | Zantvoorde, Belgium | 449 |
The entrance pavilion at Dadizeele New British Cemetery, Moorslede, Belgium shows the simple style Holden used for the first of his war cemeteries. The Reginald Blomfield designed Cross of Sacrifice is a feature of all IWGC cemeteries. Landscaping and horticulture, seen at Messines Ridge British Cemetery, Messines, Belgium, are key features of all IWGC cemeteries.[141] Edwin Lutyens' Stone of Remembrance features in larger cemeteries. Holden enclosed the irregularly placed graves in the battlefield Cemetery at Polygon Wood, Zonnebeke, Belgium with a low wall of local stone capped with Portland stone. The grass path links it to the adjacent Buttes New British Cemetery. The extremely simplified Portland stone buildings and memorial at Buttes New British Cemetery, Zonnebeke, Belgium are representative of Holden's later war cemeteries.

## Memorials

[edit]

Holden designed two memorials for the missing dead of the First World War as part of his work for the Imperial War Graves Commission between 1920 and 1928. Both are memorials to the missing from the New Zealand Expeditionary Force. They are located in Belgium and are within cemeteries also constructed to his design.

| Memorial  | Location  | Number of missing  | Note

|
|
|

Buttes New British Cemetery (New Zealand) Memorial[142] | Zonnebeke, Belgium | 378 | See also Buttes New British Cemetery
Messines Ridge (New Zealand) Memorial[143] | Messines, Belgium | 827 | See also Messines Ridge British Cemetery
Linked pavilions and colonnades of the New Zealand Memorial, Buttes New British Cemetery, Zonnebeke, Belgium.

## Notes

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Charles Holden (category)

1. ^ Listed buildings are granted one of three grades (II, II* and I in order of importance) representing their status as nationally or internationally important buildings. In England, the register of listed building is administered by Historic England. A listed building may not be demolished, extended or altered without special permission from the local planning authority.
2. ^ These buildings are located in London unless otherwise indicated.
3. ^ The principal architects worked with assistant architects, also called architects in France, who worked from offices in St Omer, and in some cases did most of the design work, with the final design being approved or amended by the principal architect they were working with.
4. ^ The CWGC records the number of identified casualties contained in a cemetery, although most cemeteries have additional graves containing the bodies of soldiers who could not be identified and whose grave stones carry no name. In some cases the number of unidentified burials is considerable – for example, Poelcapelle British Cemetery contains 6,231 such burials.[73]

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[edit]

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8. ^ a b c Karol 2007, pp. 481–484.
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68. ^ Day, John R; Reed, John (2008) [1963]. The Story of London's Underground. Capital Transport. p. 103\. ISBN 978-1-85414-316-7.
69. ^ Karol, Eitan (2008). "Naked and unashamed: Charles Holden in Bloomsbury" (PDF). Past and Future (4). The Institute of Historical Research: 6–7. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
70. ^ Wright, Herbert (2006). London High. Francis Lincoln. p. 34\. ISBN 0-7112-2695-4. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
71. ^ Geurst 2010, p. 50.
72. ^ Karol 2007, p. 217.
73. ^ a b Cemetery details: Poelcapelle British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
74. ^ Geurst 2010, p. 384.
75. ^ Cemetery details: Aubers Ridge British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
76. ^ Cemetery details: Avesnes-le-Comte Communal Cemetery Extension. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
77. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Karol 2007, p. 483.
78. ^ Cemetery details: Bac-Du-Sud British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
79. ^ Cemetery details: Bapaume Post Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
80. ^ Cemetery details: Bellicourt British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
81. ^ Cemetery details: Boulogne Eastern Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
82. ^ Cemetery details: Brown's Road Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
83. ^ Cemetery details: Busigny Communal Cemetery Extension. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
84. ^ Cemetery details: Buttes New British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
85. ^ Cemetery details: Cambrai East Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
86. ^ Cemetery details: Cambrin Churchyard Extension. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
87. ^ Cemetery details: Cambrin Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
88. ^ Cemetery details: Canada Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
89. ^ Cemetery details: Corbie Communal Cemetery Extension. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
90. ^ Cemetery details: Dadizeele New British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
91. ^ Cemetery details: Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No.1. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
92. ^ Cemetery details: Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No.2. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
93. ^ Cemetery details: Dranoutre Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
94. ^ a b Geurst 2010, p. 49.
95. ^ Cemetery details: Forceville Communal Cemetery and Extension. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
96. ^ Cemetery details: Gorre British and Indian Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
97. ^ Cemetery details: Gouy-en-Artois Communal Cemetery Extension. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
98. ^ a b Geurst 2010, p. 72.
99. ^ Cemetery details: Grand Seraucourt British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
100. ^ Cemetery details: Guards Cemetery, Windy Corner. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
101. ^ Cemetery details: Ham British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
102. ^ Cemetery details: Highland Cemetery, Le Cateau. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
103. ^ Cemetery details: Honnechy British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
104. ^ Cemetery details: Kandahar Farm Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
105. ^ Cemetery details: Le Cateau Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
106. ^ Cemetery details: Lancashire Cottage Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
107. ^ Cemetery details: La Plus Douve Farm Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
108. ^ Cemetery details: Lindenhoek Chalet Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
109. ^ Cemetery details: London Rifle Brigade Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
110. ^ Cemetery details: Louvencourt Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
111. ^ Cemetery details: Marcoing British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
112. ^ Cemetery details: Messines Ridge British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
113. ^ Cemetery details: Montay-Neuvilly Road Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
114. ^ Cemetery details: Naves Communal Cemetery Extension. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
115. ^ Cemetery details: Pargny British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
116. ^ Cemetery details: Passchendaele New British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
117. ^ Cemetery details: Polygon Wood Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
118. ^ Cemetery details: Pond Farm Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
119. ^ Cemetery details: Post Office Rifles Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
120. ^ Cemetery details: Premont British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
121. ^ Cemetery details: Romeries Communal Cemetery Extension. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
122. ^ Cemetery details: Rue-des-Berceaux Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
123. ^ Cemetery details: St. Aubert British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
124. ^ Cemetery details: St. Quentin Cabaret Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
125. ^ Cemetery details: St. Souplet British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
126. ^ Cemetery details: St. Vaast Post Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
127. ^ Cemetery details: Savy British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
128. ^ Cemetery details: Strand Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
129. ^ Cemetery details: Tancrez Farm Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
130. ^ Cemetery details: Tournai Communal Cemetery Allied Extension. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
131. ^ Cemetery details: Trefcon British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
132. ^ Cemetery details: UNICORN Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
133. ^ Cemetery details: Valenciennes (St. Roch) Communal Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
134. ^ Cemetery details: Villers Hill British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
135. ^ Cemetery details: Wailly Orchard Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
136. ^ Cemetery details: Warlincourt Halte British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
137. ^ Cemetery details: Wimereux Communal Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
138. ^ Cemetery details: Woburn Abbey Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
139. ^ Cemetery details: Wulverghem-Lindenhoek Road Military Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
140. ^ Cemetery details: Zantvoorde British Cemetery. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
141. ^ "Horticulture". CWGC. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
142. ^ Cemetery details: Buttes New British Cemetery (N.Z.) Memorial. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
143. ^ Cemetery details: Messines Ridge (N.Z.) Memorial. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 15 May 2011.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Geurst, Jeroen (2010). Cemeteries of the Great War by Sir Edwin Lutyens. 010 Publishers. ISBN 978-90-6450-715-1. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
* Glancey, Jonathan (16 October 2007). "An architecture free from fads and aesthetic conceits". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
* Hutton, Charles; Crawford, Alan (October 2007). "Holden, Charles Henry (1875–1960), architect". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33927. Retrieved 25 September 2010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* Karol, Eitan (2007). Charles Holden: Architect. Shaun Tyas. ISBN 978-1-900289-81-8.
* Powers, Alan (2007). "Holden, Charles (Henry)". Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
* Sutcliffe, Anthony (2006). London: An Architectural History. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-11006-5. Retrieved 1 June 2011.