Lists of earthquakes

Earthquakes (6.0+ Mw) between 1900 and 2017

Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities, and number of scientific studies.

## Deadliest earthquakes

[edit]

See also: List of deadliest 20th-century earthquakes per year and List of deadliest 21st-century earthquakes per year

The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths.[1] The 893 Ardabil earthquake is probably the same as the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, "Dabil" as "Ardabil".[2][3]

Event  | Date  | Location  | Fatalities  | Magn­itude  | Notes on fatalities

|
|
|
|
|

1976 Tangshan earthquake | July 28, 1976 |  Hebei, China | 300,000+[4] | 7.6  | Internal Tangshan reports found 263,299 local deaths. Official nationwide deaths stated to be 242,769. Scholars estimated >300,000.[4][5]
1920 Haiyuan earthquake | December 16, 1920 |  Ningxia–Gansu, China  | 273,400  | 7.8  | Previously cited death toll was 230,000 and this figure was revised in 2010.[6][7]
526 Antioch earthquake | May 21, 526 |  Antioch, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Turkey)  | 250,000[8] | 7.0[9] | Procopius (II.14.6), sources based on John of Ephesus.
1139 Ganja earthquake | September 30, 1139 | Ganja, Seljuk Empire (modern-day  Azerbaijan)  | 230,000–300,000[10] | 7.0 Mw | Death toll may have been a historical conflation with earthquakes on November 1137 in the Jazira plain and the 1138 Aleppo earthquake.[11]
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami | December 26, 2004 |  Sumatra, Indonesia | 227,898  | 9.2  | Death toll includes those missing and presumed dead.[10]
1303 Hongdong earthquake | July 25, 1303 | Shanxi, Yuan dynasty (modern-day  China)  | 200,000[12] | 8.0  |
856 Damghan earthquake | December 22, 856 | Damghan, Abbasid Caliphate (modern-day  Iran)  | 200,000  | 7.9 Ms |
1138 Aleppo earthquake | October 11, 1138 | Aleppo, Seljuk Empire (modern-day  Syria)  | 130,000–230,000[13] | 7.1[13] | The figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and the 1139 Ganja earthquake in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja. The first mention of a 230,000 death toll was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.[11]
533 Aleppo earthquake | November 29, 533 |  Aleppo, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Syria)  | 130,000[14] | Unknown  |
1948 Ashgabat earthquake | October 6, 1948 |  Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (modern-day Turkmenistan)  | 110,000  | 7.3 Ms | Previously cited death toll was 10,000 until a news release on December 9, 1988, advised that the correct death toll was 110,000.[10]
1923 Great Kantō earthquake | September 1, 1923 |  Kantō region, Japan  | 105,385[15] | 7.9  | Casualty estimates range from 100,000 to 142,800, the latter figure including 40,000 missing later presumed dead.
1556 Shaanxi earthquake | January 23, 1556 | Shaanxi, China  | 100,000  | 8.0  | Direct deaths thought to be just over 100,000 while about 730,000 people died from famines or migrated elsewhere.[16][17][18][19]
2010 Haiti earthquake | January 12, 2010 |  Haiti  | 46,000–316,000  | 7.0  | Estimates vary from 316,000 (Haitian government) to 222,570 (UN OCHA estimate)[20] to 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) to between 46,000 and 85,000 (report commissioned by USAID).[21][22]
1290 Zhili earthquake | September 27, 1290 | Ningcheng, Yuan dynasty (modern-day  China)  | 7,000–100,000  | 6.8 Ms | Estimates also suggests lower values of at least 7,000.[23]

### Deadliest earthquakes by year since 1920

[edit]

Date  | Magnitude  | Location  | Depth (km)  | MMI | Deaths  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|

December 16, 1920 | 7.9  |  China, Ningxia | 15.0  | XII  | 273,407  |
August 14, 1921 | 6.1  |  Eritrea, Massawa | 15.0  | VIII  | Some  |
November 11, 1922 | 8.3–8.6  |  Chile, Atacama | 35.0  | XI  | 1,000  |
September 1, 1923 | 7.9–8.2  |  Japan, Kanagawa Prefecture | 23.0  | XI  | 142,800  |
April 14, 1924 | 8.3  |  Philippines, Davao Region | 15.0  | IX  | 500  |
March 16, 1925 | 6.9–7.0  |  China, Yunnan | 26.0  | IX  | 5,000  |
October 22, 1926 | 6.0  |  Turkey, Kars Province | 7.0  | IX  | 360  |
May 23, 1927 | 7.7  |  China, Gansu | 15.0  | XI  | 40,912  |
December 1, 1928 | 7.6  |  Chile, Maule Region | 20.0  | IX  | 279  |
May 1, 1929 | 7.2  |  Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Ahal Region | 10.0  | IX  | 3,257–3,800  |
July 23, 1930 | 6.6  |  Italy, Irpinia | 15.0  | X  | 1,404  |
August 10, 1931 | 8.0  |  China, Xinjiang Province  | 20.0  | XI  | 10,000  |
May 20, 1932 | 5.4  |  Persia, Mazandaran province | 12.0  | VIII  | 1,070  |
August 25, 1933 | 7.3  |  China, Sichuan Province  | 15.0  | X  | 6,865–9,300  |
January 15, 1934 | 8.0  |  Nepal, Koshi | 15.0  | X  | 10,700–12,000  |
May 30, 1935 | 7.7  |  British Raj, Khanate of Kalat | 15.0  | X  | 30,000–60,000  |
April 1, 1936 | 6.8  |  China, Guangxi Province | 0.0  | IX  | 1,001  |
July 31, 1937 | 6.9  |  China, Shandong Province | 25.0  | IX  | 3,252  |
April 19, 1938 | 6.6  |  Turkey, Kırşehir Province | 10.0  | IX  | 224  |
December 27, 1939 | 7.8  |  Turkey, Erzincan Province | 20.0  | XII  | 32,700–32,968  |
November 10, 1940 | 7.7  |  Romania, Vrancea County | 133.0  | X  | 1,000  |
January 11, 1941 | 5.8–6.5  |  Yemen, Razih District | 35.0  | VIII  | 1,200  |
December 20, 1942 | 7.0  |  Turkey, Erbaa | 10.0  | IX  | 3,000  |
November 27, 1943 | 7.5  |  Turkey, Çankırı | 20.0  | XI  | 2,824–5,000  |
January 15, 1944 | 7.0  |  Argentina, San Juan | 15.0  | IX  | 10,000  |
November 28, 1945 | 8.1  |  British Raj, Makran Coast | 15.0  | X  | 300–4,000  |
August 4, 1946 | 7.8  |  Dominican Republic, Samaná | 15.0  | IX  | 2,550  |
August 4, 1947 | 7.7  |  Peru, Junín Province | 20.0  | IX  | 233–2,233  |
October 6, 1948 | 7.3  |  Soviet Union, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic | 15.0  | X  | 10,000–110,000  |
July 10, 1949 | 7.5  |  Soviet Union, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic | 18.0  | IX  | 7,200  |
August 15, 1950 | 8.6  |  India, Assam | 15.0  | XI  | 4,800  |
May 6, 1951 | 5.9–6.2  |  El Salvador, Usulután | 85.0  | VIII  | 400–1,100  |
November 5, 1952 | 9.0  |  Soviet Union, Russian Soviet Socialist Republic | 21.6  | XI  | 2,336  |
March 18, 1953 | 7.5  |  Turkey, Balıkesir Province | 10.0  | IX  | 1,070  |
September 9, 1954 | 6.7  |  France, Chlef Province, Algeria | 15.0  | XI  | 1,243–1,409  |
March 31, 1955 | 7.4  |  Philippines, Western Mindanao | 35.0  | VIII  | 465  |
October 31, 1956 | 6.4  |  Iran, Hormozgan | 15.0  | VII  | 347  |
December 13, 1957 | 6.5  |  Iran, Hamadan | 15.0  | VII  | 1,130  |
August 16, 1958 | 6.7  |  Iran, Lorestan | 15.0  | VII  | 132  |
August 18, 1959 | 7.3  |  United States, Montana | 5.0  | X  | 28  |
February 29, 1960 | 5.8  |  Morocco, Souss-Massa | 15.0  | X  | 12,000–15,000  |
June 11, 1961 | 6.4  |  Iran, Fars province | 15.0  | VIII  | 60  |
September 1, 1962 | 7.1  |  Iran, Qazvin province | 10.0  | IX  | 12,225  |
July 26, 1963 | 6.1  |  Yugoslavia, Macedonia | 15.0  | X  | 1,070  |
March 27, 1964 | 9.2  |  United States, Alaska  | 25.0  | XI  | 131  |
March 28, 1965 | 7.4–7.6  |  Chile, Valparaíso Region | 70.0  | IX  | 400–500  |
March 22, 1966 | 6.8  |  China, Hebei | 20.0  | IX  | 8,064  |
July 29, 1967 | 6.6  |  Venezuela, Vargas | 25.0  | VIII  | 225–300  |
August 31, 1968 | 7.1  |  Iran, South Khorasan province | 10.0  | X  | 15,900  |
July 25, 1969 | 6.4  |  China, Guangdong | 20.0  | VIII  | 3,000  |
May 31, 1970 | 7.9  |  Peru, Ancash | 45.0  | VIII  | 66,794–70,000  |
May 22, 1971 | 6.6  |  Turkey, Bingöl | 10.0  | VIII  | 875[24] |
April 10, 1972 | 6.7  |  Iran, Fars | 10.0  | IX  | 5,374  |
February 6, 1973 | 7.6  |  China, Sichuan | 11.0  | X  | 2,175–2,204  |
May 10, 1974 | 7.1  |  China, Yunnan | 14.0  | IX  | 1,641–20,000  |
September 6, 1975 | 6.7  |  Turkey, Diyarbakır | 26.0  | IX  | 2,311  |
July 28, 1976 | 7.6  |  China, Hebei | 12.2  | XI  | 242,719–655,000  |
March 4, 1977 | 7.5  |  Romania, Vrancea | 85.3  | IX  | 1,700  |
September 16, 1978 | 7.4  |  Iran, Yazd | 33.0  | IX  | 15,000–25,000  |
December 12, 1979 | 8.2  |  Colombia, Nariño | 33.0  | IX  | 300–600  |
October 10, 1980 | 7.1  |  Algeria, Chlef | 10.0  | X  | 2,633–5,000  |
June 11, 1981 | 6.6  |  Iran, Kerman | 33.0  | VIII  | 3,000  |
December 13, 1982 | 6.2  |  North Yemen, Dhamar | 10.0  | VIII  | 2,800  |
October 30, 1983 | 6.6  |  Turkey, Erzurum | 15.0  | IX  | 1,340  |
September 13, 1984 | 6.3  |  Japan, Nagano | 2.0  | VIII  | 14  |
September 19, 1985 | 8.0  |  Mexico, Michoacán | 20.0  | IX  | 5,000–45,000  |
October 10, 1986 | 5.7  |  El Salvador, San Salvador | 10.0  | IX  | 1,000–1,500  |
March 6, 1987 | 7.1  |  Ecuador, Sucumbíos | 10.0  | IX  | 1,000  |
December 7, 1988 | 6.8  |  Soviet Union, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic | 5.0  | X  | 25,000–50,000  |
January 23, 1989 | 5.3  |  Soviet Union, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic | 33.0  | VII  | 274  |
June 21, 1990 | 7.4  |  Iran, Gilan | 18.5  | X  | 35,000–40,000  |
October 20, 1991 | 6.8  |  India, Uttarkashi | 11.6  | IX  | 768–2,000[25] |
December 12, 1992 | 7.8  |  Indonesia, Flores Sea offshore  | 27.7  | VIII  | 2,500[26] |
September 29, 1993 | 6.2  |  India, Latur | 10.0  | VIII  | 9,748  |
June 6, 1994 | 6.8  |  Colombia, Cauca | 12.1  | IX  | 1,100  |
January 17, 1995 | 6.9  |  Japan, Kobe | 21.9  | XI  | 5,502–6,434  |
February 3, 1996 | 6.6  |  China, Yunnan | 10.0  | X  | 309–322  |
May 10, 1997 | 7.3  |  Iran, Khorasan | 10.0  | X  | 1,567  |
May 30, 1998 | 6.5  |  Afghanistan, Takhar | 33.0  | VII  | 4,000–4,500  |
August 17, 1999 | 7.6  |  Turkey, İzmit | 17.0  | X  | 17,127–18,373  |
June 4, 2000 | 7.9  |  Indonesia, Enggano Island offshore  | 44.0  | VI  | 103[27] |
January 26, 2001 | 7.6  |  India, Bhuj | 16.0  | X  | 13,805–20,023  |
March 25, 2002 | 6.1  |  Afghanistan, Baghlan Province | 8.0  | VII  | 1,200  |
December 26, 2003 | 6.6  |  Iran, Bam | 15.0  | IX  | 34,000  |
December 26, 2004 | 9.1–9.3  |  Indonesia, Sumatra offshore  | 30.0  | IX  | 227,898  |
October 8, 2005 | 7.6  |  Pakistan, Balakot | 15.0  | XI  | 86,000–87,351  |
May 27, 2006 | 6.4  |  Indonesia, Yogyakarta | 10.0  | IX  | 5,749[28] |
August 15, 2007 | 8.0  |  Peru, Ica offshore  | 39.0  | IX  | 595  |
May 12, 2008 | 7.9  |  China, Sichuan | 19.0  | XI  | 87,587  |
September 30, 2009 | 7.6  |  Indonesia, Padang offshore  | 90.0  | VII[29] | 1,115  |
January 12, 2010 | 7.0  |  Haiti, Léogâne | 13.0  | X  | 46,000–160,000  |
March 11, 2011 | 9.1  |  Japan, Sendai offshore  | 29.0  | XI  | 19,759  | The following tsunami led to about 18,500 deaths.
August 11, 2012 | 6.4  |  Iran, East Azerbaijan | 9.0  | VIII  | 306  |
September 24, 2013 | 7.7  |  Pakistan, Balochistan | 15.0  | IX  | 825  |
August 3, 2014 | 6.1  |  China, Yunnan | 10.0  | IX  | 617  |
April 25, 2015 | 7.8  |  Nepal, Gorkha District | 8.2  | X  | 8,962  |
April 16, 2016 | 7.8  |  Ecuador, Esmeraldas | 20.6  | VIII[30] | 676  |
November 12, 2017 | 7.3  |  Iran–Iraq border Region  | 19.0  | IX  | 630  |
September 28, 2018 | 7.5  |  Indonesia, Palu | 20.0  | X  | 4,340  |
November 26, 2019 | 6.4  |  Albania, Durrës | 10.0  | VIII  | 51  |
October 30, 2020 | 7.0  |  Greece
Turkey
Aegean Sea | 21.0  | VIII  | 119  |
August 14, 2021 | 7.2  |  Haiti, Nippes | 10.0  | IX  | 2,248  |
June 21, 2022 | 6.0  |  Afghanistan, Khost | 10.0  | VIII  | 1,052–1,163  |
February 6, 2023 | 7.8 & 7.7  |  Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia
Syria, Aleppo and Idlib | 10.0 & 7.4  | XII  | 59,488–62,013  | These were two earthquakes: One big one, and a 7.7 aftershock.
January 1, 2024 | 7.5  |  Japan, Ishikawa | 10.0  | X  | 645  |
March 28, 2025 | 7.7  |  Myanmar, Sagaing Region | 10.0  | X  | 5,456  |

## Strongest earthquakes by magnitude

[edit]

A pie chart comparing the seismic moment release of the three strongest earthquakes for the hundred-year period from 1906 to 2005 with that for all earthquakes of magnitudes <6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, and >8 for the same period. The 2011 Japan quake would be roughly similar to Sumatra. Earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 and greater from 1900 to 2018. The apparent 3D volumes of the bubbles are linearly proportional to their respective fatalities.[31] The colour indicates the continent, and the legend counts the number of quakes for each. Notice the absence of Africa.

For those which occurred before the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes are estimated from historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.[32]

Rank  | Date  | Location  | Event  | Magnitude

|
|
|
|

1  | May 22, 1960 |  Valdivia, Chile  | 1960 Valdivia earthquake | 9.4–9.6
2  | March 27, 1964 |  Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States  | 1964 Alaska earthquake | 9.2–9.3[33]
December 26, 2004 |  Sumatra, Indonesia  | 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake | 9.2–9.3[34][35]
4  | March 11, 2011 |  Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan  | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake | 9.0–9.1[36][37]
5  | November 4, 1952 |  Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake | 8.8–9.0[38]
6  | February 27, 2010 |  Maule, Chile  | 2010 Chile earthquake | 8.8
July 30, 2025 |  Kamchatka, Russia  | 2025 Kamchatka Peninsula earthquake | 8.8
January 31, 1906 |  Esmeraldas, Ecuador – Colombia  | 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake | 8.5–8.8[39]
7  | February 3, 1965 |  Rat Islands, Alaska, United States  | 1965 Rat Islands earthquake | 8.7
8  | August 15, 1950 |  Assam, India – Tibet, China  | 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake | 8.6–8.7[40]
9  | April 1, 1946 |  Aleutian Islands, Alaska, United States  | 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake | 8.6
March 9, 1957 |  Andreanof Islands, Alaska, United States  | 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake | 8.6
March 28, 2005 |  Sumatra, Indonesia  | 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake | 8.6
April 11, 2012 |  Sumatra, Indonesia  | 2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes | 8.6
10  | November 10, 1922 |  Atacama, Chile  | 1922 Vallenar earthquake | 8.5–8.6
February 1, 1938 |  Banda Sea, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)  | 1938 Banda Sea earthquake | 8.5–8.6
11  | March 2, 1933 |  Iwate Prefecture, Japan  | 1933 Sanriku earthquake[41] | 8.5
October 13, 1963 |  Kuril Islands, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | 1963 Kuril Islands earthquake | 8.5
September 12, 2007 |  Bengkulu Province, Indonesia  | 2007 Bengkulu earthquakes[42] | 8.5

### Pre-instrumental earthquakes

[edit]

Date  | Location  | Event  | Magnitude

|
|
|

July 8, 1730 |  Valparaíso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)  | 1730 Valparaíso earthquake | 9.1–9.3 (est.)[43]
October 17, 1737 |  Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Empire | 1737 Kamchatka earthquake | 9.0–9.3 (est.)
December 16, 1575 |  Valdivia, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)  | 1575 Valdivia earthquake | 9.0 (est.)
November 24, 1604 |  Arica, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)  | 1604 Arica earthquake | 9.0 (est.)
May 17, 1841 |  Kamchatka, Russian Empire | 1841 Kamchatka earthquake | 9.0 (est.)
November 17, 1837 |  Valdivia, Chile  | 1837 Valdivia earthquake | 8.8–9.5 (est.)[44]
August 31, 1420 |  Pacific Ocean, Atacama region (now Atacama, Chile)  | 1420 Caldera earthquake | 8.8–9.4 (est.)
November 25, 1833 |  Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)  | 1833 Sumatra earthquake | 8.8–9.2 (est.)
November 26, 1852 |  Banda Islands, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)  | 1852 Banda Sea earthquake | 8.8 (est.)[45]
October 28, 1707 |  Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan  | 1707 Hōei earthquake | 8.7–9.3 (est.)[46]
January 26, 1700 |  Pacific Ocean, US, and Canada (then claimed by the Spanish Empire and the British Empire)  | 1700 Cascadia earthquake | 8.7–9.2 (est.)
May 9, 1877 |  Iquique, Chile (then Peru)  | 1877 Iquique earthquake | 8.7–8.9 (est.)
October 20, 1687 |  Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire)  | 1687 Peru earthquake | 8.7 (est.)
July 13, 869 |  Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan  | 869 Jōgan earthquake | 8.6–9.0 (est.)
October 28, 1746 |  Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire)  | 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake | 8.6–8.8 (est.)
September 20, 1498 |  Pacific Ocean, Chūbu region, Japan  | 1498 Meiō earthquake | 8.6 (est.)
March 28, 1787 |  Oaxaca, Mexico (then part of the Spanish Empire)  | 1787 New Spain earthquake | 8.6 (est.)
February 2, 1816 |  Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal  | 1816 North Atlantic earthquake | 8.6 (est.)
August 13, 1868 |  Arica, Peru (now part of present-day Chile)  | 1868 Arica earthquake | 8.5–9.3 (est.)
November 1, 1755 |  Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal  | 1755 Lisbon earthquake | 8.5–9.0 (est.)
April 2, 1762 |  Chittagong, Bangladesh (then Kingdom of Mrauk U)  | 1762 Arakan earthquake | 8.5–8.8 (est.)
July 21, 365 |  Mediterranean Sea, Crete, Greece  | 365 Crete earthquake | 8.5+ (est.)
August 24, 1356 |  Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal  | 1356 Lisbon earthquake | 8.5 (est.)
July 25, 1668 |  Shandong, China  | 1668 Shandong earthquake | 8.5 (est.)[47]
May 24, 1751 |  Concepción, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)  | 1751 Concepción earthquake | 8.5 (est.)
March 31, 1761 |  Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal  | 1761 Lisbon earthquake | 8.5 (est.)[48]
April 4, 1819 |  Copiapó, Chile  | 1819 Copiapó earthquake | 8.5 (est.)[44]
November 19, 1822 |  Valparaíso, Chile  | 1822 Valparaíso earthquake | 8.5 (est.)
February 20, 1835 |  Concepción, Chile  | 1835 Concepción earthquake | 8.5 (est.)
February 8, 1843 |  Guadeloupe region, Lesser Antilles  | 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake | 8.5 (est.)[49]
February 16, 1861 |  Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)  | 1861 Sumatra earthquake | 8.5 (est.)
June 15, 1896 |  Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Empire of Japan | 1896 Sanriku earthquake | 8.5 (est.)
June 6, 1505 |  Himalayas, northern Nepal | 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake | 8.2–8.8 (est.)

### Strongest earthquakes by magnitude each year since 1907

[edit]

Year  | Date  | Magnitude  | Location  | Depth (km)  | MMI  | Deaths  | Injuries

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1907  | January 4, 1907[50] | 8.2  |  Dutch East Indies, Sumatra  | 25.0  | IV-V  | 2,188  | \-
1908  | March 26, 1908[51] | 7.5  |  Mexico, Guerrero  | 25.0  | –  | \-  | \-
1909  | July 7, 1909[52] | 7.7  |  Afghanistan, Badakhshan  | 200.0  | –  | \-  | \-
1910  | April 12, 1910[53] | 8.1  |  Sakishima Islands-Taiwan region  | 235.0  | –  | 60  | \-
1911  | June 15, 1911[54] | 7.9  |  Japan, Ryukyu Islands  | 150.0  | IX  | \-  | \-
1912  | May 23, 1912[55] | 7.9  |  Myanmar, Shan  | 15.0  | IX  | \-  | \-
1913  | March 14, 1913[56] | 7.9  |  Philippines, Mindanao  | 15.0  | IX  | 138  | \-
1914  | May 26, 1914[57] | 8.2  |  Dutch East Indies, Papua  | 15.0  | \-  | 100+  | \-
1915  | May 1, 1915[58] | 7.8  |  Russian Empire, Kuril Islands  | 30.0  | \-  | –  | \-
1916  | January 1, 1916[59] | 8.0  |  Territory of New Guinea, East New Britain  | 35.0  | \-  | –  | \-
1917  | May 1, 1917[60] | 8.2  |  New Zealand, Kermadec Islands  | 15.0  | \-  | –  | \-
1918  | August 15, 1918[61] | 8.3  |  Philippines, Mindanao  | 20.0  | \-  | 52  | \-
1919  | April 30, 1919[62] | 8.1  |  Tonga | 25.0  | \-  | –  | \-
1920  | June 5, 1920[63] | 8.2  |  Taiwan, Hualien  | 20.0  | VII  | –  | \-
1921  | November 15, 1921[64] | 7.8  |  Afghanistan, Badakhshan  | 240.0  | V  | –  | \-
1922  | November 11, 1922[65] | 8.5  |  Chile, Atacama  | 70.0  | \-  | 500  | \-
1923  | February 3, 1923[66] | 8.4  |  Soviet Union, Kamchatka Krai  | 15.0  | \-  | 3  | \-
1924  | April 10, 1924[67] | 8.1  |  Philippines, Mindanao  | 15.0  | \-  | 500  | \-
1925  | November 10, 1925[68] | 7.3  |  Dutch East Indies, Papua  | 15.0  | \-  | \-  | \-
1926  | October 26, 1926[69] | 7.6  |  Dutch East Indies, Papua  | 35.0  | \-  | \-  | \-
1927  | May 22, 1927[70] | 7.7  |  Republic of China, Gansu  | 15.0  | \-  | 40,900  | \-
1928  | June 17, 1928[71] | 8.0  |  Mexico, Oaxaca  | 15.0  | \-  | 4  | \-
1929  | June 26, 1929[72] | 8.1  |  United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands region  | 15.0  | \-  | \-  | \-
1930  | December 3, 1930[73] | 7.5  |  British Burma, Bago  | 10.0  | IX  | 30  | \-
1931  | June 3, 1931[74] | 7.9  |  China, Xinjiang  | 10.0  | X  | 10,000  | \-
1932  | June 3, 1932[75] | 8.1  |  Mexico, Jalisco  | 35.0  | X  | 400  | \-
1933  | March 2, 1933[76] | 8.5  |  Japan, Sanriku coast  | 15.0  | V  | 3,000  | \-
1934  | January 15, 1934[77] | 8.0  |  Nepal, Sagarmatha Zone | 15.0  | X  | 10,700  | \-
1935  | September 20, 1935[78] | 7.8  |  New Guinea, Sandaun Province | 35.0  | VII  | 0  | 0
1936  | April 1, 1936[79] | 7.8  |  Dutch East Indies, Talaud Islands | 35.0  | IX  | 0  | 0
1937  | January 7, 1937[80] | 7.8  |  China, Qinghai | 15.0  | VIII  | 0  | 0
1938  | February 1, 1938 | 8.5  |  Dutch East Indies, Maluku offshore  | 60.0  | VII  | 0  | 0
1939  | December 21, 1939[81] | 8.1  |  Dutch East Indies, Central Sulawesi offshore  | 150.0  | VII  | 0  | 0
1940  | May 24, 1940 | 8.2  |  Peru, Lima | 45.0  | VIII  | 179–300  | 3,500
1941  | November 18, 1941 | 8.0  |  Japan, Miyazaki offshore  | 35.0  | VII  | 2  | 0
1942  | August 24, 1942 | 8.2  |  Peru, Ica | 35.0  | IX  | 30  | 25
1943  | April 6, 1943 | 8.1  |  Chile, Coquimbo | 35.0  | VIII  | 11  | 0
1944  | December 7, 1944 | 8.1  |  Japan, Wakayama offshore  | 30.0  | VIII  | 1,223  | 2,135
1945  | November 27, 1945 | 8.1  |  India, Balochistan offshore  | 15.0  | X  | 4,000  | 0
1946  | April 1, 1946 | 8.6  |  United States, Alaska offshore  | 15.0  | VI  | 173  | 0
1947  | May 27, 1947[82] | 7.6  |  Dutch East Indies, Papua offshore  | 15.0  | VI  | 0  | 0
November 1, 1947 |  Peru, Junin | 20.0  | IX  | 233  | 0
1948  | January 24, 1948 | 7.8  |  Philippines, Panay | 15.0  | X  | 50  | 0
1949  | August 22, 1949 | 8.0  |  Canada, Haida Gwaii | 10.0  | VIII  | 0  | 0
1950  | August 15, 1950 | 8.6  |  India–China, Assam–Tibet border region  | 15.0  | XI  | 4,800  | 0
1951  | November 24, 1951 | 7.8  |  Taiwan, East Rift Valley | 30.0  | VII  | 85  | 1,200
1952  | November 4, 1952 | 9.0  |  Soviet Union, Kamchatka | 21.6  | XI  | 2,336  | 0
1953  | November 25, 1953[83] | 7.9  |  Japan, Yokohama | 25.0  | V  | 1  | 0
1954  | March 29, 1954[84] | 7.8  |  Spain, Andalusia | 626.2  | IV  | 0  | 0
1955  | February 27, 1955[85] | 7.5  |  New Zealand, Kermadec Islands | 15.0  | I  | 0  | 0
1956  | July 9, 1956 | 7.7  |  Greece, Dodecanese Islands | 20.0  | IX  | 56  | 0
1957  | March 9, 1957 | 8.6  |  United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska  | 25.0  | VIII  | 2  | 0
1958  | November 6, 1958 | 8.3  |  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands | 35.0  | X  | 0  | 51
1959  | May 4, 1959 | 7.9  |  Soviet Union, Kamchatka | 55.0  | VIII  | 1  | 13
1960  | May 22, 1960 | 9.5  |  Chile, Valdivia | 25.0  | XII  | 2,000  | 4,000
1961  | August 19, 1961[86] | 7.6  |  Peru, Madre de Dios Region | 612.2  | IV  | 0  | 0
1962  | May 21, 1962[87] | 7.5  |  Fiji offshore  | 390.0  | I  | 0  | 0
1963  | October 13, 1963 | 8.5  |  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands | 35.0  | IX  | 0  | 0
1964  | March 27, 1964 | 9.2  |  United States, Alaska, Prince William Sound | 25.0  | XI  | 131  | 0
1965  | February 3, 1965 | 8.7  |  United States, Alaska, Aleutian Islands | 30.3  | VI  | 0  | 0
1966  | October 17, 1966 | 8.1  |  Peru, Arequipa | 38.0  | IX  | 125  | 3,000
1967  | July 22, 1967 | 7.3  |  Turkey, Sakarya Province | 30.0  | X  | 86  | 0
1968  | May 16, 1968 | 8.3  |  Japan, Hokkaidō | 26.0  | VIII  | 52  | 330
1969  | August 11, 1969[88] | 8.2  |  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands | 30.0  | VIII  | 0  | 0
1970  | July 31, 1970 | 8.0  |  Colombia, Amazonas Department | 644.8  | IV  | 1  | 4
1971  | July 26, 1971 | 8.0  |  Papua New Guinea, Kokopo | 37.0  | IX  | 3  | 5
1972  | 1972[89] | 8.0  |  Philippines, Mindanao | 60.0  | VII  | 0  | 0
1973  | June 17, 1973 | 7.8  |  Japan, Hokkaidō | 43.3  | VIII  | 0  | 27
1974  | October 3, 1974 | 8.1  |  Peru, Lima | 13.0  | IX  | 78  | 2,400
1975  | May 26, 1975 | 7.8  | north Atlantic Ocean | 33.0  | VI  | 0  | 0
1976  | August 17, 1976 | 8.0  |  Philippines, Moro Gulf | 33.0  | VIII  | 8,000  | 10,000
1977  | August 19, 1977 | 8.3  |  Indonesia, Bima | 25.0  | VI  | 189  | 1,100
1978  | June 12, 1978 | 7.6  |  Japan, Miyagi | 44.0  | VIII  | 28  | 1,325
1979  | December 12, 1979 | 8.1  |  Colombia, Nariño offshore
Ecuador, Esmeraldas offshore  | 24.0  | IX  | 600  | 0
1980  | July 17, 1980[90] | 7.7  |  Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands | 33.0  | VI  | 0  | 0
1981  | September 1, 1981[91] | 7.5  |  New Zealand, offshore  | 25.0  | IV  | 0  | 0
1982  | June 19, 1982 | 7.3  |  El Salvador, offshore  | 73.0  | VII  | 43  | 0
1983  | March 18, 1983[92] | 7.7  |  Papua New Guinea, New Ireland | 70.0  | VII  | 0  | 0
May 26, 1983 |  Japan, off the coast of Honshu  | 15.1  | VIII  | 104  | 324
1984  | February 7, 1984[93] | 7.5  |  Solomon Islands, Honiara | 18.1  | VIII  | 0  | 0
1985  | September 19, 1985 | 8.0  |  Mexico, Mexico City  | 27.9  | IX  | 5,000(+)-45,000  | 40,000
1986  | May 7, 1986[94] | 8.0  |  United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska  | 19.0  | VII  | 0  | 0
1987  | November 30, 1987[95] | 7.8  |  United States, Gulf of Alaska | 10.0  | VI  | 0  | 0
1988  | March 6, 1988[96] | 7.7  |  United States, Gulf of Alaska | 15.0  | V  | 0  | 0
1989  | May 23, 1989[97] | 8.0  |  Australia, Macquarie Island | 10.0  | V  | 0  | 0
1990  | July 16, 1990 | 7.7  |  Philippines, Luzon | 24.4  | IX  | 1,621  | 3,000
1991  | April 22, 1991 | 7.7  |  Costa Rica, Limón | 10.0  | IX  | 127  | 759
1992  | December 12, 1992 | 7.8  |  Indonesia, Sunda Islands | 23.5  | VIII  | 2,500  | 0
1993  | August 8, 1993 | 7.8  |  Guam, Offshore  | 59.3  | IX  | 0  | 71
1994  | October 5, 1994 | 8.3  |  Russia, Kuril Islands | 3.0  | IX  | 12  | 1,742
1995  | October 9, 1995 | 8.1  |  Mexico, Colima | 33.0  | VIII  | 49  | 100
July 30, 1995 |  Chile, Antofagasta | 40.0  | VII  | 3  | 58
1996  | February 17, 1996 | 8.2  |  Indonesia, Biak | 11.5  | VIII  | 166  | 423
1997  | December 5, 1997[98] | 7.8  |  Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula | 23.5  | VIII  | 0  | 0
1998  | March 25, 1998 | 8.1  |  Antarctica, Balleny Islands | 10.0  |  | 0  | 0
1999  | September 21, 1999 | 7.6  |  Taiwan, Nantou County | 15.5  | IX  | 2,444  | 11,305
2000  | November 16, 2000 | 8.0  |  Papua New Guinea, New Ireland | 13.0  | VII  | 2  | 0
2001  | June 23, 2001 | 8.4  |  Peru, Arequipa | 33.0  | VIII  | 145  | 2,713
2002  | November 3, 2002 | 7.9  |  United States, Alaska | 4.2  | IX  | 0  | 1
2003  | September 26, 2003 | 8.3  |  Japan, Hokkaidō | 23.5  | IX  | 0  | 849
2004  | December 26, 2004 | 9.3  |  Indonesia, Sumatra | 10.0  | IX  | 227,898  | 125,000
2005  | March 28, 2005 | 8.6  |  Indonesia, Simeulue | 21.0  | IX  | 1313  | 300
2006  | November 15, 2006 | 8.3  |  Russia, Kuril Islands | 10.0  | VI  | 0  | 1
2007  | September 12, 2007 | 8.4  |  Indonesia, Sumatra | 34.0  | VIII  | 23  | 0
2008  | May 12, 2008 | 7.9  |  China, Sichuan | 19.0  | XI  | 87,587  | 374,177
2009  | September 29, 2009 | 8.1  |  Samoa, Offshore  | 18.0  | VII  | 189  | 7
2010  | February 27, 2010 | 8.8  |  Chile, Concepción | 22.9  | IX  | 550  | 12,000
2011  | March 11, 2011 | 9.0–9.1  |  Japan, Honshu | 29.0  | IX  | 19,747  | 6,000
2012  | April 11, 2012 | 8.6  |  Indonesia, Indian Ocean  | 20.0  | VII  | 10  | 12
2013  | May 24, 2013 | 8.3  |  Russia, Sea of Okhotsk | 598.1  | VI  | 0  | 0
2014  | April 1, 2014 | 8.2  |  Chile, Iquique | 25.0  | VIII  | 6  | 9
2015  | September 16, 2015 | 8.3  |  Chile, Coquimbo | 22.4  | IX  | 21  | 34
2016  | December 17, 2016 | 7.9  |  Papua New Guinea, New Ireland | 94.5  | VII  | 0  | 0
2017  | September 7, 2017 | 8.2  |  Mexico, Chiapas | 47.4  | IX  | 98  | 250
2018  | August 19, 2018 | 8.2  |  Fiji, offshore  | 600.0  | V  | 0  | 0
2019  | May 26, 2019 | 8.0  |  Peru, Loreto | 122.6  | VIII  | 2  | 0
2020  | July 22, 2020 | 7.8  |  United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore  | 28.0  | VII  | 0  | 0
2021  | July 28, 2021 | 8.2  |  United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore  | 32.2  | VII  | 0  | 0
2022  | September 11, 2022 | 7.6  |  Papua New Guinea, Morobe | 61.4  | VIII  | 21  | 42
September 19, 2022 |  Mexico, Michoacán | 25.5  | VIII  | 2  | 35
2023  | February 6, 2023 | 7.8  |  Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia | 17.9  | XII  | 59,488–62,013  | 121,704
2024  | January 1, 2024 | 7.5  |  Japan, Ishikawa | 10.0  | X  | 645  | 1,393
2025  | July 30, 2025 | 8.8  |  Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula | 19.3  | VIII  | 1  | 19

### Strongest earthquakes by magnitude by country/territory

[edit]

* This list is a work in progress. Information is likely to be changed.
* The list refers to current country boundaries rather than those at the date of the earthquake.
* Please note, multiple countries could have the same earthquake listed, such as the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake being listed for both Ecuador and Colombia.
* Unless otherwise noted, magnitudes are reported on the Moment magnitude scale (Mw).

Country/Territory  | Magnitude  | Date  | More information

|
|
|

Afghanistan | 7.8 | November 15, 1921 | [99]
Albania | 6.7 | November 30, 1967 | [100]
Algeria | 7.1 | October 10, 1980 | 1980 El Asnam earthquake
American Samoa | 6.4 | October 11, 1944 | [101]
Andorra | 6.7 Me | February 2, 1428 | 1428 Catalonia earthquake
Angola | 6.0 | May 24, 1914 | [102]
Anguilla | 6.3 | February 16, 1906 | [103]
Antarctica | 8.1 | March 25, 1998 | 1998 Balleny Islands earthquake
Antigua and Barbuda | 8.0 Ms | April 16, 1690 | [104]
Argentina | 7.5 | November 23, 1977 | 1977 San Juan earthquake
Armenia | 6.8 Ms | December 7, 1988 | 1988 Armenian earthquake
Aruba | 4.7 | August 27, 2011 | [105]
Australia | 8.0 | May 23, 1989 | [106]
Austria | 5.6–6.5  | September 15, 1590 | 1590 Neulengbach earthquake
Azerbaijan | 7.0–7.3  | September 30, 1139 | 1139 Ganja earthquake
Bahamas | 3.2 | February 22, 1992 | [107]
Bangladesh | 8.5–8.8  | April 2, 1762 | 1762 Arakan earthquake
Barbados | 6.5 | February 18, 2014 & July 16, 2015 | [108][109]
Belgium | 6.0–6.5 Ms | September 18, 1692 | 1692 Northwestern Europe earthquake
Belize | 4.7 mb | June 28, 1985 | [110]
Benin | 4.4 mb | September 11, 2009 | [111]
Bermuda | 5.3 | August 27, 1988 | [112]
Bhutan | 7.6–8.6  | May 4, 1714 | 1714 Bhutan earthquake
Bolivia | 8.2 | June 9, 1994 | 1994 Bolivia earthquake
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 6.1 | October 27, 1969 | 1969 Banja Luka earthquake
Botswana | 6.7 ML | October 11, 1952 | [113]
Brazil | 7.6 | November 9, 1963 | [114]
British Indian Ocean Territory | 7.3 | November 30, 1983 | 1983 Chagos Archipelago earthquake
British Virgin Islands | 5.9 | June 26, 1985 | [115]
Brunei | 5.2 mb | February 22, 1992 | [116]
Bulgaria | 7.2 | March 31, 1901 & April 4, 1904 | 1901 Black Sea earthquake & 1904 Kresna earthquakes
Burundi | 5.4 | October 30, 1966 | [117]
Cameroon | 5.9 | September 12, 1945 | [118]
Canada | 8.7–9.2  | January 26, 1700 | 1700 Cascadia earthquake
Cape Verde | 6.5 | August 15, 1941 | [119]
Caribbean Netherlands | 5.2 | March 10, 2017 | [120]
Cayman Islands | 7.7 | January 28, 2020 | 2020 Caribbean earthquake
Central African Republic | 4.9 mb | February 6, 1994 | [121]
Chile | 9.4–9.6  | May 22, 1960 | 1960 Valdivia earthquake
China | 8.6 | August 15, 1950 | 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Christmas Island | 6.9 | July 24, 1979 | [122]
Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 7.9 | June 18, 2000 | [123]
Colombia | 8.8 | January 31, 1906 | 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Comoros | 6.2 | August 23, 1918 | [124]
Congo | 5.2 | April 26, 1998 | [125]
Costa Rica | 7.7 | April 22, 1991 | 1991 Limon earthquake
Croatia | 6.7 | July 2, 1898 | 1898 Trilj earthquake
Cuba | 7.1 | February 20, 1917 | [126]
Curaçao | 4.4 | October 31, 2024 | [127]
Cyprus | 7.0–7.5  | May 11, 1222 | 1222 Cyprus earthquake
Czech Republic | 4.8 ML | December 23, 1985 | [128]
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 6.9 | December 13, 1910 | [129]
Denmark | 4.4 mb | February 19, 2010 | [130]
Djibouti | 6.5 | August 20, 1989 | [131]
Dominica | 6.4 | January 8, 1959 | [132]
Dominican Republic | 7.8 | August 4, 1946 | 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake
East Timor | 7.2 | September 29, 1905 | [133]
Ecuador | 8.8 | January 31, 1906 | 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Egypt | 7.3 | November 22, 1995 | 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
El Salvador | 8.0 M`I` | December 19, 1862 | [134]
Equatorial Guinea | 4.9 mb | March 28, 1999 | [135]
Eritrea | 6.6 | December 28, 1977 | [136]
Estonia | 4.5–4.7 mb | October 25, 1976 | Osmussaar earthquake
Eswatini | 4.4 mb | August 4, 1987 | [137]
Ethiopia | 6.5 | August 25, 1906 | [138]
Falkland Islands | 7.4 | August 17, 1908 | [139]
Faroe Islands | 3.2 | February 21, 2007 | [140]
Fiji | 8.2 | August 19, 2018 | 2018 Fiji earthquakes
Finland | 4.7 Muk | November 4, 1898 | [141]
France | 6.4–6.5 Muk | January 25, 1799 | 1799 Vendée earthquake
French Guiana | 6.9 | August 4, 1885 | [142]
French Polynesia | 5.6 | March 6, 1965 | [143]
Gabon | 6.0 | September 23, 1974 | [144]
Georgia | 7.0 | April 29, 1991 | 1991 Racha earthquake
Germany | 6.4 ML | February 18, 1756 | 1756 Düren earthquake
Ghana | 6.8 | July 10, 1862 | [145]
Greece | 8.5\+  | July 21, 365 | 365 Crete earthquake
Greenland | 7.4 | November 20, 1933 | 1933 Baffin Bay earthquake
Grenada | 7.0 Ms | December 3, 1831 | [146]
Guadeloupe | 8.5 Muk | February 8, 1843 | 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake
Guam | 7.8 | August 8, 1993 | 1993 Guam earthquake
Guatemala | 7.7 | August 6, 1942 | 1942 Guatemala earthquake
Guinea | 6.3 | December 22, 1983 | 1983 Guinea earthquake
Guyana | 5.5 | January 31, 2021 | [147]
Haiti | 8.1 Ms | May 7, 1842 | 1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake
Honduras | 7.6 | February 8, 2025 | [148]
Hong Kong | 3.8 ML | January 5, 2020 | [149]
Hungary | 6.2–6.5  | June 28, 1763 | 1763 Komárom earthquake
Iceland | 7.0 | January 22, 1910 | [150]
India | 8.6 | August 15, 1950 | 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Indonesia | 9.1–9.3  | December 26, 2004 | 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
Iran | 7.9 Ms | December 22, 856 | 856 Damghan earthquake
Iraq | 7.0 | September 22, 1666 | [151]
Ireland | 4.0 ML | June 6, 2012 | [152]
Israel | 7.3 | December 5, 1033 | 1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Italy | 7.4 | January 11, 1693 | 1693 Sicily earthquake
Jamaica | 7.7 | January 28, 2020 | 2020 Caribbean earthquake
Japan | 9.0–9.1  | March 11, 2011 | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Jersey | 5.4 | July 30, 1926 | [153]
Jordan | 7.3 | December 5, 1033 | 1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Kazakhstan | 8.0 | July 11, 1889 & January 3, 1911 | 1889 Chilik earthquake & 1911 Kebin earthquake
Kenya | 6.7 | January 6, 1928 | [154]
Kiribati | 5.9 mb | May 23, 1982 | [155]
Kosovo | 6.1 ML | February 26, 1755 & August 10, 1921 | [156]
Kuwait | 4.7 mb | June 2, 1993 & November 11, 2020 | [157][158]
Kyrgyzstan | 8.0 | July 11, 1889 & January 3, 1911 | 1889 Chilik earthquake & 1911 Kebin earthquake
Laos | 6.7 | December 22, 1925 | [159]
Lebanon | 7.5 | July 9, 551 | 551 Beirut earthquake
Liberia | 4.5 mb | November 25, 1995 | [160]
Libya | 6.8 | April 19, 1935 | [161]
Liechtenstein | 3.6 | December 12, 2013 | [162]
Luxembourg | 2.9 ML | September 3, 1986 | [163]
Madagascar | 6.2 | July 4, 1919 | [164]
Malawi | 6.3 | March 10, 1989 | 1989 Malawi earthquake
Malaysia | 6.6 | August 11, 1923 | [165]
Maldives | 7.4 | February 29, 1944 | [166]
Mali | 4.2 mb | January 11, 1999 | [167]
Malta | 5.5 | April 21, 2023 | [168]
Marshall Islands | 5.7 | March 22, 1982 | [169]
Martinique | 7.5–8.0  | January 11, 1839 | 1839 Martinique earthquake
Mauritania | 4.6 mb | September 3, 1993 & March 1, 2012 | [170][171]
Mauritius | 6.4 | June 19, 1976 | [172]
Mayotte | 5.9 | May 15, 2018 | [173]
Mexico | 8.6 | March 28, 1787 | 1787 New Spain earthquake
Federated States of Micronesia | 7.8 | August 16, 1911 | [174]
Moldova | 3.9 mb | April 2, 1988 | [175]
Monaco | 6.3 | July 19, 1963 | [176]
Mongolia | 8.3 | July 23, 1905 | 1905 Bolnai earthquake
Montenegro | 6.9 | April 15, 1979 | 1979 Montenegro earthquake
Morocco | 6.8 | November 27, 1755 & September 8, 2023 | 1755 Meknes earthquake & 2023 Al Haouz earthquake
Mozambique | 7.0 | February 22, 2006 | 2006 Mozambique earthquake
Myanmar | 8.5–8.8  | April 2, 1762 | 1762 Arakan earthquake
Namibia | 5.4 | April 4, 2021 | [177]
Nepal | 8.2–8.8  | June 6, 1505 | 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake
Netherlands | 5.3 | April 13, 1992 | 1992 Roermond earthquake
New Caledonia | 7.9 | August 9, 1901 | [178]
New Zealand | 8.2 | January 23, 1855 & May 1, 1917 | 1855 Wairarapa earthquake[179]
Nicaragua | 7.7 | September 2, 1992 | 1992 Nicaragua earthquake
Niger | 4.6 mb | January 18, 2017 | [180]
Nigeria | 4.5 mb | March 7, 2000 | [181]
North Korea | 7.7 | September 29, 1973 | [182]
North Macedonia | 6.7 | March 8, 1931 | [183]
Northern Mariana Islands | 7.7 | December 28, 1940 & July 29, 2016 | [184][185]
Norway | 6.8 | August 30, 2012 | [186]
Oman | 5.7 | March 30, 1966 | [187]
British Raj | 8.1 | November 28, 1945 | 1945 Balochistan earthquake
Palau | 6.5 | May 31, 1982 | [188]
Palestine | 7.3 | December 5, 1033 | 1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Panama | 7.9–8.3 Ms | September 7, 1882 | 1882 Panama earthquake
Papua New Guinea | 8.2 | May 6, 1919 | [189]
Paraguay | 6.5 | February 28, 1989 | [190]
Peru (now part of present-day Chile)  | 8.5–9.3  | August 13, 1868 | 1868 Arica earthquake
Philippines | 8.3 | August 15, 1918 | 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake
Poland | 5.6 | December 3, 1786 | [191]
Portugal | 8.5–9.0  | November 1, 1755 | 1755 Lisbon earthquake
Puerto Rico | 8.0 | May 2, 1787 | 1787 Boricua earthquake
Réunion | 5.3 mb | April 5, 2007 | [192]
Romania | 7.9 | October 26, 1802 | 1802 Vrancea earthquake
Russia | 9.0–9.3  | October 16, 1737 | 1737 Kamchatka earthquake
Rwanda | 5.9 | February 3, 2008 | 2008 Lake Kivu earthquake
Saint Barthélemy | 5.4 | November 18, 1990 | [193]
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 6.5 | March 16, 1985 | [194]
Saint Lucia | 7.3 | March 19, 1953 | [195]
Saint Martin | 5.0 | July 4, 2012 | [196]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 7.2 | November 18, 1929 | 1929 Grand Banks earthquake
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 6.1 | July 6, 1940 | [197]
Samoa | 8.3–8.5  | June 25, 1917 | 1917 Samoa earthquake
São Tomé and Príncipe | 5.5 | December 19, 2019 | [198]
Saudi Arabia | 7.3 | November 22, 1995 | 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
Senegal | 5.5 | May 21, 1986 | [199]
Serbia | 6.0 | May 15, 1927 | [200]
Seychelles | 5.2 mb | April 28, 1995 | [201]
Slovakia | 6.2–6.5  | June 28, 1763 | 1763 Komárom earthquake
Slovenia | 6.1 ML | April 14, 1895 | 1895 Ljubljana earthquake
Solomon Islands | 8.1 | April 1, 2007 | 2007 Solomon Islands earthquake
Somalia | 6.0 | January 22, 1929 | [202]
South Africa | 6.8 | December 31, 1932 | [203]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | 8.1–8.3  | August 12, 2021 | 2021 South Sandwich Islands earthquakes
South Korea | 7.5 | June 26, 1681 | 1681 Yangyang earthquake
South Sudan | 7.2 | May 20, 1990 | 1990 South Sudan earthquakes
Spain | 7.8 | March 29, 1954 | [84]
Sri Lanka | 5.7 | August 30, 1973 | [204]
Sudan | 6.0 | May 12, 1938 | [205]
Switzerland | 6.0–7.1  | October 18, 1356 | 1356 Basel earthquake
Syria | 7.6 Ms | May 20, 1202 | 1202 Syria earthquake
Taiwan | 8.2 | June 5, 1920 | 1920 Hualien earthquake
Tajikistan | 7.5 | July 10, 1949 | 1949 Khait earthquake
Tanzania | 7.0 | July 8, 1919 | [206]
Thailand | 6.1 | May 5, 2014 | 2014 Mae Lao earthquake
Tonga | 8.3–8.5  | June 25, 1917 | 1917 Samoa earthquake
Trinidad and Tobago | 7.5 Mfa | January 10, 1888 | [207]
Tunisia | 7.2 or less  | October 9, 859 | [208]
Turkey | 7.8–8.0 Ms | August 17, 1668 | 1668 North Anatolia earthquake
Turkmenistan | 8.2 Ms | July 7, 1895 | [209]
Tuvalu | 5.4 | February 5, 1983 | [210]
Uganda | 6.5 | June 30, 1952 | [211]
Ukraine | 6.7 | September 11, 1927 | 1927 Crimean earthquakes
United Arab Emirates | 5.0 | March 11, 2002 | [212]
United Kingdom | 6.1 ML | June 7, 1931 | 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake
United States | 9.2–9.3  | March 27, 1964 | 1964 Alaska earthquake
U.S. Virgin Islands | 7.2 | November 18, 1867 | 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami
Uruguay | 5.5 Ms | June 5, 1888 | 1888 Río de la Plata earthquake
Uzbekistan | 7.4 Ms | October 21, 1907 | 1907 Qaratog earthquake
Vanuatu | 8.1 | September 20, 1920 | [213]
Venezuela | 7.6–7.7  | April 29, 1894 & October 29, 1900 | 1894 Venezuelan earthquake[214] & 1900 San Narciso earthquake
Vietnam | 6.8 | November 1, 1935 | [215]
Wallis and Futuna | 7.6 | May 23, 1956 | [216]
Yemen | 6.7 | December 18, 1908 | [217]
Zambia | 6.5 | May 1, 1919 | [218]
Zimbabwe | 5.5 | September 25, 1963 | [219]

## Costliest earthquakes

[edit]

This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: See talk page, section Talk: List_of_earthquakes#"Costliest" section is kind of poor. Please help improve this section if you can. (July 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

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Main article: List of costliest earthquakes

This is the top ten major earthquakes by the US dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake.

Rank  | Event  | Location  | Magnitude  | Property damage

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|
|

1  | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami |  Japan | 9.1  | $360 billion[220][221]
2  | 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake |  Japan | 6.9  | $200 billion[222]
3  | 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes |  Turkey
Syria | 7.8  | $164 billion[223][224]
4  | 2008 Sichuan earthquake |  China  | 7.9  | $150 billion[225]
5  | 2011 Christchurch earthquake |  New Zealand  | 6.3  | $40 billion[226]
6  | 2004 Chūetsu earthquake |  Japan | 6.6  | $28 billion[227][228]
7  | 2011 Sikkim earthquake |  India  | 6.9  | $22 billion[229]
8  | 1999 İzmit earthquake |  Turkey | 7.6  | $20 billion[227]
9  | 2009 L'Aquila earthquake |  Italy | 6.3  | $16 billion[230]
10  | 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes |  Italy | 6.1  | $16 billion[231]

## Most studied earthquakes

[edit]

The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.

Rank | Event origin time | ISC Event # | Papers | ISC code | Event

|
|
|
|
|

1  | 2011-03-11 05:46:23 | 16461282 | 2069 | TOHOKU2011 | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2  | 2008-05-12 06:28:00 | 13228121 | 1706 | WENCHUAN2008 | 2008 Sichuan earthquake
3  | 2004-12-26 00:58:52 | 7453151 | 967 | SUMATRA2004 | 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
4  | 1999-09-20 17:47:16 | 1718616 | 771 | CHI-CHI1999 | 1999 Jiji earthquake
5  | 1995-01-16 20:46:51 | 124708 | 558 | SHYOGO1995 | 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake
6  | 2010-02-27 06:34:13 | 14340585 | 551 | MAULE2010 | 2010 Chile earthquake
7  | 1994-01-17 12:30:54 | 189275 | 548 | NORTHRIDGE1994 | 1994 Northridge earthquake
8  | 2009-04-06 01:32:42 | 13438018 | 525 | LAQUILA2009 | 2009 L'Aquila earthquake
9  | 1989-10-18 00:04:14 | 389808 | 520 | LOMAPRIETA1989 | 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
10  | 2015-04-25 06:11:26 | 607208674 | 516 | GORKHA2015 | 2015 Nepal earthquake
11  | 1992-06-28 11:57:35 | 289086 | 440 | LANDERS1992 | 1992 Landers earthquake
12  | 1999-08-17 00:01:38 | 1655218 | 428 | IZMIT1999 | 1999 İzmit earthquake
13  | 2016-04-15 16:25:06 | 610289055 | 366 | KUMAMOTO2016 | 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes
14  | 2013-04-20 00:02:47 | 607304721 | 342 | LUSHAN2013 | 2013 Lushan earthquake
15  | 1964-03-28 03:36:13 | 869809 | 333 | ALASKA1964 | 1964 Alaska earthquake
16  | 1960-05-22 19:11:20 | 879136 | 290 | VALDIVIA1960 | 1960 Valdivia earthquake
17  | 2023-02-06 01:17:34 | 625613033 | 277 | TURKYIE-SYRIA2023 | 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
18  | 2016-08-24 01:36:33 | 611462212 | 259 | AMATRICE2016 | 2016 Central Italy earthquake
19  | 2010-09-03 16:35:46 | 15155483 | 257 | DARFIELD2010 | 2010 Canterbury earthquake
20  | 2001-01-26 03:16:40 | 1763683 | 256 | BHUJ2001 | 2001 Gujarat earthquake
21  | 1985-09-19 13:17:50 | 516095 | 253 | MEXICOCITY1985 | 1985 Mexico City earthquake
22  | 2022-01-15 04:14:45 | 621831271 | 252 | HUNGATONGAHUNGAAPAI2022 | 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami
23  | 2016-11-13 11:02:59 | 615035032 | 251 | KAIKOURA2016 | 2016 Kaikōura earthquake
24  | 1971-02-09 14:00:40 | 787038 | 244 | SANFERNANDO1971 | 1971 San Fernando earthquake
25  | 1976-07-27 19:42:53 | 711732 | 235 | TANGSHAN1976 | 1976 Tangshan earthquake
26  | 2003-09-25 19:50:07 | 7134409 | 221 | TOKACHI-OKI2003 | 2003 Tokachi earthquake
27  | 2019-07-06 03:19:55 | 616203758 | 221 | RIDGECREST2019B | 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
28  | 1980-11-23 18:34:52 | 635924 | 212 | IRPINIA1980 | 1980 Irpinia earthquake
29  | 2004-10-23 08:55:58 | 7421058 | 205 | MID-NIIGATA2004 | 2004 Chūetsu earthquake
30  | 2012-05-20 02:03:53 | 601025379 | 205 | EMILIA2012A | 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
31  | 2011-02-21 23:51:42 | 16168897 | 204 | CHRISTCHURCH2011 | 2011 Christchurch earthquake
32  | 1976-05-06 20:00:12 | 713583 | 199 | FRIULI1976 | 1976 Friuli earthquake
33  | 2005-03-28 16:09:35 | 7486110 | 197 | NIAS2005 | 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake
34  | 2004-09-28 17:15:24 | 7406045 | 197 | PARKFIELD2004 | 2004 Parkfield earthquake
35  | 2023-02-06 10:24:50 | 625614289 | 195 | TURKYIE-SYRIA2023A | 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
36  | 2016-10-30 06:40:19 | 609624987 | 194 | NORCIA2016 | 2016 Central Italy earthquakes
37  | 1923-09-01 02:58:35 | 911526 | 193 | KANTO1923 | 1923 Great Kantō earthquake
38  | 1999-10-16 09:46:45 | 1643776 | 184 | HECTOR-MINE1999 | 1999 Hector Mine earthquake
39  | 2005-10-08 03:50:37 | 7703077 | 181 | KASHMIR2005 | 2005 Kashmir earthquake
40  | 2017-08-08 13:19:49 | 610874246 | 178 | JUIZHAIGOU2017 | 2017 Jinghe earthquake
41  | 2001-11-14 09:26:12 | 2331800 | 176 | KUNLUN2001 | 2001 Kunlun earthquake
42  | 2015-09-16 22:54:30 | 611531714 | 175 | ILLAPEL2015 | 2015 Illapel earthquake
43  | 2014-04-01 23:46:47 | 610102185 | 167 | IQUIQUE2014 | 2014 Iquique earthquake
44  | 2021-05-21 18:04:13 | 620437814 | 166 | MADUO2021 | 2021 Maduo earthquake
45  | 1979-10-15 23:16:57 | 657282 | 165 | IMPERIAL1979 | 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake
46  | 2002-11-03 22:12:41 | 6123395 | 164 | DENALI2002 | 2002 Denali earthquake
47  | 1999-11-12 16:57:19 | 1650092 | 162 | DUZCE1999 | 1999 Düzce earthquake
48  | 2010-04-04 22:40:43 | 600257057 | 158 | EL-MAYOR-CUCAPAH2010 | 2010 Baja California earthquake
49  | 2019-07-04 17:33:50 | 616217956 | 158 | RIDGECREST2019A | 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
50  | 2010-01-12 21:53:10 | 14226221 | 157 | HAITI2010 | 2010 Haiti earthquake

Modified from figure 2, "The most studied events", at the ISC's Overview of the ISC Event Bibliography.

International Seismological Centre. Event Bibliography. Thatcham, United Kingdom. 2018\.

## Lists by time period

[edit]

### By century

[edit]

* Before 1900
* 1901–2000
* 2001–present

### By decade

[edit]

* 2001–2010
* 2011–2020
* 2021–present

### By year

[edit]

* 1900
* 1901
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* 1975
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* 1977
* 1978
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* 1980
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## Lists by location

[edit]

### By country

[edit]

* Afghanistan
* Albania
* Algeria
* Argentina
* Mendoza
* Armenia
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* Azerbaijan
* Bangladesh
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
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* Malaysia
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* New Zealand
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* North Korea
* Pakistan
* Panama
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* Philippines
* Portugal
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* Vrancea
* Russia
* Kamchatka
* Samoa
* Saudi Arabia
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* United States
* Alaska
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* Illinois
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* South Carolina
* Texas
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* Washington
* Vanuatu
* Venezuela
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### By region

[edit]

* British Isles
* Caribbean
* Levant
* South Asia

## See also

[edit]

* Earth sciences portal

*   * List of deadly earthquakes since 1900
* List of historical earthquakes
* List of megathrust earthquakes
* List of natural disasters by death toll

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
2. ^ Ambraseys, N.N.; Melville, C.P. (2005). A History of Persian Earthquakes. Cambridge Earth Science. Cambridge University Press. p. 175\. ISBN 978-0-521-02187-6.
3. ^ Gupta, H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences (2 ed.). Springer. p. 566\. ISBN 978-90-481-8701-0.
4. ^ a b 王瓒玮 (July 28, 2016). "唐山大地震四十年：反思与"记忆"". 东方历史评论. 广东省东方历史研究基金会. Reprinted as: 王瓒玮 (July 28, 2016). "唐山大地震40年：从死亡人数到天灾还是人祸仍是一地鸡毛". 界面新闻. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021.
5. ^ 夏明方 (2020). "家庭的解体与重生：历史视野下的唐山大地震". In 夏明方 (ed.). 文明的"双相"——灾害与历史的缠绕. 广西师范大学出版社. p. 79\. Archived from the original on July 22, 2020 - via 澎湃新闻, 13 July 2020.
6. ^ "Death toll of 1920 China earthquake higher than previously estimated". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013.
7. ^ Utsu, T. "Search Page". Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2008). Retrieved June 3, 2010.
8. ^ Sbeinati, Mohamed Reda; Darawchech, Ryad; Mouty, Mikhail (June 2005). "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D." (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 48 (3): 347–435. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
9. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
10. ^ a b c "Most Destructive Known Earthquakes on Record in the World". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
11. ^ a b Ambraseys, Nicholas N., "The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective" (PDF), Annals of Geophysics, Vol. 47, N. 2/3, April/June 2004, p. 743.
12. ^ "Ruins of the Hongdong Earthquake (1303)". China Virtual Museums. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
13. ^ a b Grǖnthal G.; Wahlström R. (2009). "A harmonized seismicity data base for the EuroMediterranean region" (PDF). Proceedings of the 27th ECGS Workshop 'Seismicity Patterns in the Euro-Med Region: 15–21.
14. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
15. ^ "Today in Earthquake History". United States Geological Survey.
16. ^ 颤抖的地球—地震科学 Archived 13 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine (2005). Researched by China Earthquake Administration seismologists 冯万鹏,薑文亮,龚丽霞,公茂盛,胡进军; Revised by CEA seismologists 王文清,续春荣,张宝红; Edited by CEA chiefs 谢礼立,张景发. Tsinghua University Press. Pages XIII, 162. "1556年陕西华县8级大地震，死亡的83万人中, 据估计死于瘟疫者不下七八成" [Among the 830,000 died, it is estimated that no less than 70% or 80% died from plagues]
17. ^ 邬福肇; 曹康泰; 陈章立, eds. (1998). "第三章 地震灾害预防". 中华人民共和国防震减灾法释义. 法律出版社. Archived from the original on August 4, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2023. "１５５６年我国陕西的华县８级大地震，共死亡约８３万人，但实际上其中７０多万人死于其后的瘟疫和饥荒。"
18. ^ 高东旗; 王常有; 杜玉萍; 王晓燕 (2008). "大地震后传染病的防疫要点". 华北国防医药 (3). "1556年陕西发生大地震，当时死亡10万人，而第2年发生大瘟疫，却死亡70多万人 [100,000 died in 1556, while a plague struck the subsequent year and led to a further death of 700,000-odd.]"
19. ^ China Earthquake Administration, ed. (2008). 地震知识百问百答. 地震出版社. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. "实则直接死于地震的只有十数万人，其余70余万人均死于瘟疫和饥荒 [Actually, direct deaths from earthquake amount to 100,000-odd, the remaining 700,000-odd died from plagues and famine]"
20. ^ Haiti Dominates Earthquake Fatalities in 2010 (January 11, 2011), U.S. Geological Survey.
21. ^ Maura R. O'Connor, [Two Years Later, Haitian Earthquake Death Toll in Dispute], Columbia Journalism Review (January 12, 2012).
22. ^ Report challenges Haiti earthquake death toll (June 1, 2011), BBC.
23. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
24. ^ "22 Mayıs 1971 Bingöl Depremi Ms:6.8". AFAD (in Turkish). Retrieved April 5, 2022.
25. ^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – 32 km E of Uttarkashi, India 1991". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved March 28, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
26. ^ "Today in Earthquake History". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved March 27, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
27. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – 103 km S of Bengkulu, Indonesia 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
28. ^ ANSS. "M 6.3 – 10 km E of Pundong, Indonesia 2006". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
29. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 30 km WSW of Pariaman, Indonesia 2022". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
30. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – 27 km SSE of Muisne, Ecuador 2016". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
31. ^ "Magnitude 8 and Greatest Earthquakes Since 1900". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016.
32. ^ Johnston, Arch C.; Halchuk, Stephen (June–July 1993), "The seismicity data base for the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program", Annali di Geofisica, 36 (3–4): 133–1513–4&rft.pages=133-151&rft.date=1993-06/1993-07&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Arch+C.&rft.au=Halchuk,+Stephen&rft_id=http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/download/4260/4329&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lists+of+earthquakes" class="Z3988">, pp. 140, 142 et seq.
33. ^ ANSS. "M 9.2 – The 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska Earthquake 1964". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
34. ^ Stein, Seth; Okal, Emile A. (January 1, 2007). "Ultralong Period Seismic Study of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Implications for Regional Tectonics and the Subduction Process". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 97 (1A): S279 – S295. Bibcode:2007BuSSA..97S.279S. doi:10.1785/0120050617. ISSN 1943-3573.
35. ^ Fujii, Yushiro; Satake, Kenji; Watada, Shingo; Ho, Tung-Cheng (December 1, 2021). "Re-examination of Slip Distribution of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake (Mw 9.2) by the Inversion of Tsunami Data Using Green's Functions Corrected for Compressible Seawater Over the Elastic Earth". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 178 (12): 4777–4796\. doi:10.1007/s00024-021-02909-6. ISSN 1420-9136.
36. ^ Romano, F.; Piatanesi, A.; Lorito, S.; D'Agostino, N.; Hirata, K.; Atzori, S.; Yamazaki, Y.; Cocco, M. (April 27, 2012). "Clues from joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake". Scientific Reports. 2 (1): 385. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2..385R. doi:10.1038/srep00385. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 3338116. PMID 22545193.
37. ^ Wang, Zhen; Kato, Teruyuki; Zhou, Xin; Fukuda, Jun’ichi (November 28, 2016). "Source process with heterogeneous rupture velocity for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake based on 1-Hz GPS data". Earth, Planets and Space. 68 (1): 193. Bibcode:2016EP&S...68..193W. doi:10.1186/s40623-016-0572-4. ISSN 1880-5981.
38. ^ MacInnes, B. T.; Weiss, R.; Bourgeois, J.; Pinegina, T. K. (2010), "Slip Distribution of the 1952 Kamchatka Great Earthquake Based on Near-Field Tsunami Deposits and Historical Records" (PDF), Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100 (4): 1695–1709, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.1695M, doi:10.1785/0120090376
39. ^ ANSS. "M 8.8 - 1906 Ecuador-Colombia Earthquake 1906". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
40. ^ ANSS. "M 8.6 – 1950 Assam-Tibet Earthquake 1950". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
41. ^ ANSS. "M 8.4 - 1933 Sanriku (Sanriku-oki) Earthquake, Japan 1933". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
42. ^ ANSS. "M 8.4 - 122 km SW of Bengkulu, Indonesia 2007". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
43. ^ Carvajal, M.; Cisternas, M.; Catalán, P.A. (2017). "Source of the 1730 Chilean earthquake from historical records: Implications for the future tsunami hazard on the coast of Metropolitan Chile". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 122 (5): 3648–3660\. Bibcode:2017JGRB..122.3648C. doi:10.1002/2017JB014063. hdl:10533/238887. S2CID 133806784.
44. ^ a b Jin Junfang; Yin Shuyan; Yan Junping (2014). "Symmetry and tendency judgment of Ms ≥ 8.0 strong earthquakes in Chile". Geodesy and Geodynamics. 5 (1): 34–40\. Bibcode:2014G&G.....5...34J. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1246.2014.01034.
45. ^ H. Ringer; J. P. Whitehead; J. Krometis; R. A. Harris; N. Glatt-Holtz; S. Giddens; C. Ashcraft; G. Carver; A. Robertson; M. Harward; J. Fullwood; K. Lightheart; R. Hilton; A. Avery; C. Kesler; M. Morrise; M. H. Klein (2021). "Methodological Reconstruction of Historical Seismic Events From Anecdotal Accounts of Destructive Tsunamis: A Case Study for the Great 1852 Banda Arc Mega-Thrust Earthquake and Tsunami" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 126 (4) e2020JB021107. arXiv:2009.14272. Bibcode:2021JGRB..12621107R. doi:10.1029/2020JB021107. S2CID 222066748. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
46. ^ "M 9.3Re-evaluation of Mw of the 1707 Hoei earthquake – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan" (PDF). AIST.
47. ^ "Significant Earthquake Information CHINA: SHANDONG PROVINCE". NGCD. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
48. ^ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "Significant Earthquake Information PORTUGAL: LISBON". ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
49. ^ Hough S.E. (2013). "Missing great earthquakes". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 118 (3): 1098–1108\. Bibcode:2013JGRB..118.1098H. doi:10.1002/jgrb.50083. S2CID 128458643.
50. ^ ANSS. "M 8.2 - 97 km WNW of Sinabang, Indonesia 1907". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
51. ^ ANSS. "M 7.5 - 6 km S of Copala, Mexico 1908". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
52. ^ ANSS. "M 7.7 - 52 km ESE of Farkh?r, Afghanistan 1909". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
53. ^ ANSS. "M 8.1 - 163 km NW of Hirara, Japan 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
54. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 - 108 km NW of Naze, Japan 1912". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
55. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 - 32 km NW of Taunggyi, Myanmar 1912". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
56. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 - 47 km ESE of Kalbay, Philippines 1913". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
57. ^ ANSS. "M 8.2 - 130 km SE of Biak, Indonesia 1914". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
58. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 - 266 km SSW of Severo-Kuril'sk, Russia 1915". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
59. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0 - 60 km SE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea 1916". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
60. ^ ANSS. "M 8.2 - Kermadec Islands region 1917". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
61. ^ ANSS. "M 8.3 - 75 km SSW of Malisbeng, Philippines 1918". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
62. ^ ANSS. "M 8.1 - 166 km ENE of Neiafu, Tonga 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
63. ^ ANSS. "M 8.2 - 47 km SE of Hualien City, Taiwan 1920". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
64. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 - 71 km SSW of Jurm, Afghanistan 1921". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
65. ^ ANSS. "M 8.5 - 94 km ENE of Vallenar, Chile 1922". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
66. ^ ANSS. "M 8.4 - 121 km ESE of Mil'kovo, Russia 1923". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
67. ^ ANSS. "M 8.1 - 6 km E of Tibanbang, Philippines 1924". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
68. ^ ANSS. "M 7.3 - 60 km WNW of Sorong, Indonesia 1925". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
69. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 - 158 km WSW of Abepura, Indonesia 1926". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
70. ^ ANSS. "M 7.7 - 31 km SSW of Wuwei, China 1927". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
71. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0 - 15 km ESE of San Gabriel Mixtepec, Mexico 1928". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
72. ^ ANSS. "M 8.1 - South Sandwich Islands region 1929". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
73. ^ ANSS. "M 7.5 - 36 km SSW of Pyu, Myanmar 1930". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
74. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 - 172 km SE of Altay, China 1931". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
75. ^ ANSS. "M 8.1 - 4 km ENE of Tonaya, Mexico 1932". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
76. ^ ANSS. "M 8.4 - 1933 Sanriku (Sanriku-oki) Earthquake, Japan 1933". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
77. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0 - Nepal 1934". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
78. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 - New Guinea, Papua New Guinea 1935". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
79. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 - 161 km SE of Sarangani, Philippines 1936". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
80. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – southern Qinghai, China 1937". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
81. ^ ANSS. "M 8.1 – 68 km SSW of Gorontalo, Indonesia 1939". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
82. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 138 km SW of Insrom, Indonesia 1947". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
83. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – off the east coast of Honshu, Japan 1953". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
84. ^ a b ANSS. "M 7.8 – Strait of Gibraltar 1954". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
85. ^ ANSS. "M 7.5 – Kermadec Islands region 1955". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
86. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – Peru-Brazil border region 1961". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
87. ^ ANSS. "M 7.5 – Fiji region 1962". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
88. ^ ANSS. "M 8.2 – Kuril Islands 1969". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
89. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0 – Mindanao, Philippines 1972". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
90. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – 199 km S of Lata, Solomon Islands 1980". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
91. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – off the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand 1981". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
92. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 157 km ESE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea 1983". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
93. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 85 km SE of Honiara, Solomon Islands 1984". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
94. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0 – 85 km SSW of Atka, Alaska 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
95. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – 200 km WSW of Yakutat, Alaska 1987". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
96. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – Gulf of Alaska 1988". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
97. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0, Macquarie Island region 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
98. ^ ANSS. "1997 M 7.8 – 156 km S of Ust'-Kamchatsk Staryy, Russia". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
99. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – 71 km SSW of Jurm, Afghanistan 1909". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
100. ^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 7 km WNW of Lukovo, North Macedonia 1967". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
101. ^ ANSS. "M 6.4 – 188 km SW of Vailoatai, American Samoa 1944". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
102. ^ ANSS. "M 6.0 – 67 km N of Sumbe, Angola 1914". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
103. ^ ANSS. "M 6.3 – 121 km NNW of The Valley, Anguilla 1906". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
104. ^ National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
105. ^ ANSS. "M 4.7 - 101 km NNE of Punto Fijo, Venezuela 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
106. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0 – Macquarie Island region 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
107. ^ ANSS. "M 3.2 - 27 km SW of Freeport, Bahamas 1992". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
108. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 171 km NNE of Greenland, Barbados 2014". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
109. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 128 km NE of Bathsheba, Barbados 2015". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
110. ^ ANSS. "M 4.7 – 55 km ESE of Dangriga, Belize 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
111. ^ ANSS. "M 4.4 – 13 km NNE of Abomey-Calavi, Benin 2009". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
112. ^ ANSS. "M 5.3 - 121 km S of Hamilton, Bermuda 1988". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
113. ^ Simon, RE; Kwadiba, MTO; King, JG; Moidaki, M (2012). "A History of Botswana's Seismic Network". Botswana Notes and Records. 44: 184–192\. JSTOR 43855570.
114. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 132 km SW of Tarauacá, Brazil 1963". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
115. ^ ANSS. "M 5.9 - 65 km NNE of Cruz Bay, U.S. Virgin Islands 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
116. ^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – 68 km N of Tutong, Brunei 1992". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
117. ^ ANSS. "M 5.4 – 20 km S of Gitega, Burundi 1966". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
118. ^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – 93 km NW of Ouésso, Republic of the Congo 1945". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
119. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 267 km NNW of Ponta do Sol, Cabo Verde 1941". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
120. ^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – 64 km N of Coro, Venezuela 2017". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
121. ^ ANSS. "M 4.9 – 55 km N of Zemio, Central African Republic 1994". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
122. ^ ANSS. "M 6.9 - south of Java, Indonesia 1979". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
123. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – South Indian Ocean 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
124. ^ ANSS. "M 6.2 – 1 km NNE of Vanadjou, Comoros 1918". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
125. ^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – 116 km SW of Impfondo, Republic of the Congo 1998". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
126. ^ ANSS. "M 7.1 – 84 km SW of Niquero, Cuba 1917". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
127. ^ ANSS. "M 4.4 - 73 km WNW of Dorp Rincon, Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba 2024". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
128. ^ ANSS. "M 4.8 – 0 km NW of Skalná, Czechia 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
129. ^ ANSS. "M 6.9 – 39 km WSW of Karema, Tanzania 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
130. ^ ANSS. "M 4.4 – 47 km WNW of Thyborøn, Denmark 2010". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
131. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 12 km ENE of Gâlâfi, Djibouti 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
132. ^ ANSS. "M 6.4 – 18 km SSE of Berekua, Dominica iscgem881160". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
133. ^ ANSS. "M 7.2 – 58 km ENE of Lospalos, Timor Leste 1905". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
134. ^ White, R. A.; Ligorria, J. P.; Cifuentes, I. L. (2004). "Seismic history of the Middle America subduction zone along El Salvador, Guatemala, and Chiapas, Mexico: 1526–2000". Natural Hazards in El Salvador. Geological Society of America. p. 394\. ISBN 978-0-8137-2375-4.
135. ^ ANSS. "M 4.9 – 8 km NNW of Malabo, Equatorial Guinea 1999". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
136. ^ ANSS. "M 6.6 – 144 km NE of Massawa, Eritrea 1977". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
137. ^ ANSS. "M 4.4 – 16 km ENE of Sidvokodvo, Eswatini 1987". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
138. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 8 km E of Goba, Ethiopia 1906". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
139. ^ ANSS. "M 7.4 - Falkland Islands region 1908". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
140. ^ ANSS. "M 3.2 - 198 km NE of Kirkja, Faroe Islands 2007". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
141. ^ "Largest earthquake in Finland". Sodankylän Geofysiikan Observatorio, Oulun Toimintayksikkö (University of Oulu). Archived from the original on May 28, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
142. ^ Marcelo Assumpção, Alberto V. Veloso (2020). "The 1885 M 6.9 Earthquake in the French Guiana–Brazil Border: The Largest Midplate Event in the Nineteenth Century in South America". Seismological Research Letters. 91 (5): 2497–2510\. Bibcode:2020SeiRL..91.2497A. doi:10.1785/0220190325. S2CID 219502957.
143. ^ ANSS. "M 5.6 – South Pacific Ocean 1965". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
144. ^ ANSS. "M 6.2 – 64 km NNE of Lastoursville, Gabon 1974". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
145. ^ Musson, R. M. W. (February 2014). "The Seismicity of Ghana". Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 12 (1): 157–169\. Bibcode:2014BuEE...12..157M. doi:10.1007/s10518-013-9555-z.
146. ^ "NCEI Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
147. ^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 82 km SSE of Lethem, Guyana 2021". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
148. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 - 209 km SSW of George Town, Cayman Islands 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
149. ^ ANSS. "M 3.8 – 14 km SW of Tai O, Hong Kong 2020". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
150. ^ ANSS. "M 7.0 – 79 km N of Norðurþing, Iceland 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
151. ^ Onur, T.; Gok, R.; Abdulnaby, W.; Mahdi, H.; Numan, N.M.; Al-Shukri, H.; Shakir, A.; Chlaib, H.; Ameen, T.H.; Abd, N. (2016). "A Comprehensive Earthquake Catalogue for Iraq in Terms of Moment Magnitude". Seismological Research Letters. 88 (3): 798–811\. doi:10.1785/0220160078. OSTI 1466119.
152. ^ ANSS. "M 4.0 – 60 km W of Belmullet, Ireland 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
153. ^ ANSS. "M 5.4 – 18 km E of Saint Helier, Jersey 1926". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
154. ^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 33 km WNW of Nyahururu, Kenya 1928". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
155. ^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – Gilbert Islands, Kiribati region 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
156. ^ "Të gjitha tërmetet që kanë ndodhur në territorin e Kosovës" [All earthquakes that have occurred in the territory of Kosovo] (in Albanian). September 24, 2019.
157. ^ ANSS. "M 4.7 – 44 km S of Al Jahra, Kuwait 1993". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
158. ^ ANSS. "M 4.7 – 38 km NW of Al Wafrah, Kuwait 2020". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
159. ^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 41 km S of Luang Namtha, Laos 1925". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
160. ^ ANSS. "M 4.5 – 16 km SW of Tubmanburg, Liberia 1995". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
161. ^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – near the coast of Libya 1935". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
162. ^ ANSS. "M 3.6 – 1 km SSW of Balzers, Liechtenstein 2013". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
163. ^ ANSS. "M 2.9 – 2 km E of Wilwerwiltz, Luxembourg 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
164. ^ ANSS. "M 6.2 – 283 km WSW of Anakao, Madagascar 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
165. ^ ANSS. "M 6.6 – 26 km NNW of Lahad Datu, Malaysia 1923". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
166. ^ ANSS. "M 7.4 – 212 km E of Fuvahmulah, Maldives 1944". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
167. ^ ANSS. "M 4.2 – 75 km NW of Kolokani, Mali 1999". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
168. ^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 109 km SE of Birżebbuġa, Malta 2023". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
169. ^ ANSS. "M 5.6 – Marshall Islands region 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
170. ^ ANSS. "M 4.6 – Mauritania 1993". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
171. ^ ANSS. "M 4.6 – 76 km E of Zouerate, Mauritania 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
172. ^ ANSS. "M 6.1 – 279 km NE of Port Mathurin, Mauritius 1976". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
173. ^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – 32 km E of Pamandzi, Mayotte 2018". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
174. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – State of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia 1911". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
175. ^ ANSS. "M 3.9 – 12 km S of Ocnița, Moldova 1988". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
176. ^ ANSS. "M 6.3 – Ligurian Sea 1963". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
177. ^ ANSS. "M 5.4 – 68 km NNW of Khorixas, Namibia 2021". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
178. ^ National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
179. ^ ANSS. "M 8.2 – Kermadec Islands region 1917". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
180. ^ ANSS. "M 4.6 – 259 km WNW of Bilma, Niger 2017". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
181. ^ ANSS. "M 4.5 – 34 km S of Siluko, Nigeria 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
182. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 61 km SSE of Ungsang-nodongjagu, North Korea 1973". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
183. ^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 3 km SW of Kuklis, North Macedonia 1931". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
184. ^ ANSS. "M 7.7 – Mariana Islands region 1940". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
185. ^ ANSS. "M 7.7 – Pagan region, Northern Mariana Islands 2016". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
186. ^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – 89 km NW of Olonkinbyen, Svalbard and Jan Mayen 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
187. ^ ANSS. "M 5.7 – 291 km ESE of Sur, Oman 1966". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
188. ^ ANSS. "M 6.4 – 121 km ESE of Kayangel, Palau 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
189. ^ ANSS. "M 8.2 – 183 km ESE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
190. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 86 km E of General Enrique Mosconi, Argentina 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
191. ^ Wiejacz, Paweł; Debski, Wojciech (2009). "Podhale, Poland, earthquake of November 30, 2004". Acta Geophysica. 57 (2): 346–366\. Bibcode:2009AcGeo..57..346W. doi:10.2478/s11600-009-0007-8. S2CID 128410108.
192. ^ ANSS. "M 5.3 – 15 km WSW of Sainte-Rose, Reunion 2007". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
193. ^ ANSS. "M 5.4 – 26 km NE of Upper Hell's Gate; Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba 1990". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
194. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 18 km SE of Market Shop; Saint Kitts and Nevis 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
195. ^ ANSS. "M 7.3 – 18 km WSW of Soufrière, Saint Lucia 1953". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
196. ^ ANSS. "M 5.0 – 13 km ESE of Blowing Point Village, Anguilla 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
197. ^ ANSS. "M 6.1 – 13 km W of Barrouallie; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1940". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
198. ^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 87 km ENE of Santo Antonio; Sao Tome and Principe 2019". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
199. ^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 289 km W of Mermoz Boabab, Senegal 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
200. ^ ANSS. "M 6.0 – 8 km WNW of Kragujevac, Serbia 1927". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
201. ^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – South Indian Ocean 1995". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
202. ^ ANSS. "M 6.0 – northwestern Somalia 1929". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
203. ^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – 118 km ESE of Richards Bay, South Africa 1932". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
204. ^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – 275 km E of Kalmunai, Sri Lanka 1973". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
205. ^ ANSS. "M 6.0 – 70 km SSW of Tokar, Sudan 1938". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
206. ^ ANSS. "M 7.0 – 17 km SSW of Sumbawanga, Tanzania 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
207. ^ National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
208. ^ Kázmér, Miklós (May 19, 2020). "Repeated historical earthquakes in Sousse, Monastir and El-Jem (Tunisia)—an archaeoseismological study" (PDF). Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 14 (3) 214. doi:10.1007/s12517-020-06372-w. S2CID 231738302. Retrieved July 22, 2022.
209. ^ National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
210. ^ ANSS. "M 5.8 – 290 km N of Kulia Village, Tuvalu 1983". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
211. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 53 km N of Rukungiri, Uganda 1952". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
212. ^ ANSS. "M 5.0 – 14 km NW of Reef Al Fujairah City, United Arab Emirates 2002". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
213. ^ ANSS. "M 8.1 – 97 km WSW of Isangel, Vanuatu 1920". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
214. ^ Salcedo-Hurtado, Elkin de J.; Audemard, Franck A.; García-Millán, Nathalie (2021). "Parámetros focales del terremoto del 28 de abril de 1894 en los Andes venezolanos usando datos macrosísmicos" [Focal parameters of the April 28, 1894 earthquake in the Venezuelan Andes using macrosismic data]. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (in Spanish). 45 (175): 591–606\. doi:10.18257/raccefyn.1195. ISSN 0370-3908.
215. ^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – 27 km SE of Dien Bien Phu, Vietnam 1935". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
216. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 144 km SSW of Leava, Wallis and Futuna 1956". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
217. ^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 170 km E of Hadibu, Yemen 1908". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
218. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 12 km WNW of Chama, Zambia 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
219. ^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 38 km SW of Siavonga, Zambia 1963". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
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