Liverpool Central railway station

Railway station in Liverpool, England

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Liverpool Central

The concourse

General information
Location| Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
Coordinates| 53°24′16″N 2°58′47″W﻿ / ﻿53.4045°N 2.9797°W﻿ / 53.4045; -2.9797
Grid reference| SJ349901
Managed by| Merseyrail
Transit authority| Merseytravel
Platforms| 3
Other information
Station code| LVC
Fare zone| C1
Classification| DfT category B
Key dates
2 March 1874| Opened (High Level)
11 January 1892| Opened (Low Level)
17 April 1972| Closed (High Level)
28 July 1975| Closed (Low Level)
9 May 1977| Reopened (Low Level)
23 April 2012| Closed (Low Level refurbishment)
25 August 2012| Partially reopened (concourse and Wirral line)
22 October 2012| Fully reopened
Passengers
2019/20|  16.455 million
Interchange|   0.649 million
2020/21|  3.606 million
Interchange|   0.172 million
2021/22|  10.747 million
Interchange|   0.391 million
2022/23|  11.402 million
Interchange|   0.537 million
2023/24|  12.611 million
Interchange|   0.600 million

Notes

Passenger statistics from the Office of Rail and Road

Liverpool Central railway station in Liverpool, England, forms a central hub of the Merseyrail network, being on both the Northern Line and the Wirral Line. The station is located underground on two levels, below the site of a former mainline terminus. It is the busiest station in Liverpool, though considerably smaller than Lime Street station, the mainline terminus, and the busiest station to operate solely on the Merseyrail network. The station is the busiest underground station outside London serving 40,000 people daily. The station in passengers per platform is the busiest underground railway station in the United Kingdom outside of London at 3,979,547 per platform per annum and coming tenth out of all stations outside the capital, underground or overground.[1]

Liverpool Central is one of nine stations on the Merseyrail network to incorporate automatic ticket gates.[citation needed] The main concourse is part of a shopping centre, and includes a closed subway link to the former Lewis's department store.

## History

[edit]

### High Level terminal station

[edit]

Main article: Liverpool Central High Level railway station

The original station, which was a large, above-ground terminal station, opened on 2 March 1874, at the end of the Cheshire Lines Committee (CLC) line to Manchester Central. It replaced Brunswick station as the CLC's Liverpool terminus, becoming the headquarters of the committee. The three-storey building fronted Ranelagh Street in the city centre, with a 65 feet (20 m) high, arched iron and glass train shed behind.

There were six platforms within the station, offering journeys to Manchester Central (in 45 minutes, making the route the quickest and most direct between Liverpool and Manchester), London St. Pancras, Hull, Harwich, Stockport Tiviot Dale, Southport Lord Street and an alternative London route to that of the Midland Railway, terminating at London Marylebone.

Until the nationalisation of Britain's railways, the station was always busy, but as with many other stations in the UK, it was closed under the Beeching Axe, as the routes served could be taken from nearby Liverpool Lime Street. In 1966, most services on the CLC route were diverted to Lime Street via the Hunts Cross chord, leaving only a dozen urban commuter trains per day to and from Gateacre. These final services were withdrawn on 17 April 1972, with a promise to reinstate the Gateacre route when the Merseyrail network was completed in 1978.

The High Level station was demolished in 1973, having served a short time as a car park, although some former station buildings remained while work was in progress on rebuilding the underground station in the mid-1970s. The area of the train shed now forms the centre of the stalled Central Village development.

### Underground urban station

[edit]

A 1909 Railway Clearing House Junction Diagram showing railways in the vicinity of Liverpool Central – Low Level station (Mersey Railway) in purple; High Level station (Cheshire Lines) in orange

Liverpool Central Low Level underground terminal station opened on 11 January 1892, at the end of the Mersey Railway's route, via the Mersey Railway Tunnel from Birkenhead, when the route was extended from James Street station. The Mersey Railway platforms were underground, accessed from stairs within the High Level station and situated in roughly the same position as the escalators accessing the Northern Line today.

The Mersey Railway tunnel entering Central Low Level from the north of the station was aligned with the High Level station's approach tunnel from the south. This was to ensure minimum engineering work if ever the two tunnels were to be linked up—as did occur in the 1970s.

### Merseyrail

[edit]

The Merseyrail network was created in the 1970s by merging separate railways into one integrated network. Central underground station would service the Northern and Wirral Lines.

A new loop tunnel was built in Liverpool city centre for Wirral Line trains, linking James Street station with Moorfields, Lime Street and Liverpool Central stations, and returning to James Street. A new deep-level underground platform was built at Liverpool Central as part of this loop tunnel.

The former CLC route was taken underground connecting to the underground Mersey Railway platforms. Another new tunnel, the Link Tunnel, allowed trains to continue northwards via Moorfields to the approach lines to Liverpool Exchange, creating one long line from Hunts Cross to Southport. Liverpool Exchange terminal station was closed in 1977; this route became the Northern Line. The rebuilt underground station was opened by British Rail in the same year.

In the original 1970s Merseyrail plan, southbound trains would have continued to Warrington and Manchester; however, services terminated at Garston, then later extended to Hunts Cross. Simultaneously, works to allow the Northern Line to be connected to the Victoria Tunnel, called the Edge Hill Spur, to connect the eastern section of the city to the city centre underground section were undertaken, then later abandoned. Trains would have operated from Central station to the east of the city and out to St Helens.

### 2012 refurbishment

[edit]

It was announced in September 2011 that, through a £40 million investment from Network Rail, Liverpool Central was to have a major refurbishment programme to improve the concourse and platforms. Works included new lighting, flooring, new toilet facilities and new escalators to the Northern Line platforms. The entire station closed for refurbishment on 23 April 2012. The station partly reopened on 25 August 2012, with the refurbishment of the main concourse and Wirral Line platform completed. The station fully reopened on 22 October 2012 with the work on the Northern Line platforms completed.[2][3]

## Facilities

[edit]

Liverpool Central sign

A street-level travel centre opened in November 2009, replacing the former ticket office and newsagents; this sells tickets, newspapers, food and drink. There are also toilets, cash machines, free Wifi and food-vending machines. Escalators and lifts lead to the two Northern Line platforms and the deep-level Wirral Line platform. There are cycle racks for 30 cycles and secure storage for 16 cycles.[4]

## Future

[edit]

The Liverpool City Region Long Term Rail Strategy document, produced by Merseytravel in 2014, states that it hopes to re-open the Wapping Tunnel to allow Liverpool Central to connect with Edge Hill and beyond.[5] Merseytravel commissioned a feasibility study into a new rail link between Central and Edge Hill, which was completed in May 2016. The report found that the Wapping Tunnel was in good condition—though suffering from flooding in places and requiring some remedial work—and that the concept of re-opening the tunnel was viable.[6]

Plans were developed in 2006 to build a shopping complex on the site of the car park behind the former High Level station (bounded by the rear of the station, Cropper Street, Newington and Bold Street). Known as Central Village, it was to consist of a high-rise tower for residential and business use, retail outlets, bars and restaurants and was also to have a canal running the length of Bold Street.[7] Development of the site was troubled, with delays caused by parties involved going into receivership and potential tenants pulling out. In September 2017, new owner Augur announced plans to develop the site while leaving space for the expansion of the station, potentially seeing new platforms built. Augur stated it had discussed its plans with Network Rail and Liverpool City Council, and hoped to have planning permission submitted during 2018.[8]

Network Rail was scheduled to install an extra lift giving access to the Northern Line platforms in 2016/17.[9] No work had begun by the end of 2016; the Transport Minister, Paul Maynard, confirmed that owing to funding issues, work would not start until 2019 at the earliest.[10]

The Liverpool Echo published an article in October 2018 which claimed that unless the station was redeveloped to increase capacity it would be facing restrictions on passenger movement. Merseyrail managing director Andy Heath suggested that by the mid 2020s passengers could end up having to queue upstairs as the platforms would have insufficient capacity. Merseyrail chairman Cllr Liam Robinson stated that, due to the potential size of the works, Merseytravel were in discussions with the government over their plans to expand the station. Plans could include a new concourse and new platforms as well as making use of a previously constructed but unused tunnel portal to the east of the underground station.[11]

## Services

[edit]

The Northern Line platforms Wirral Line platform

Both lines on the Merseyrail network, the Northern Line and the Wirral Line, serve the station.

On the Northern Line, off-peak service level is as follows:

* 4 trains per hour to Southport
* 4 trains per hour to Ormskirk
* 4 trains per hour to Headbolt Lane
* 4 trains per hour to Hunts Cross via Liverpool South Parkway

On Sundays, frequencies are reduced to 2 trains per hour on all routes.

On the Wirral Line, off-peak service level is as follows:

* 4 trains per hour to New Brighton
* 4 trains per hour to West Kirby
* 4 trains per hour to Chester
* 2 trains per hour to Ellesmere Port

During the evening and on Sundays, frequencies are reduced to 2 trains per hour on all routes.[12] These services are all provided by Merseyrail's fleet of Class 777 EMUs.

Northern Line Services use platforms 1 and 2 at the station. Usually trains to Kirkby and Hunts Cross depart from platform 1, and trains to Southport and Ormskirk use platform 2, although delays on the trains can cause these to change. All Wirral Line services depart from platform 3.

## Northern to Wirral services

[edit]

Empty Coaching Stock (non-passenger) services have to reverse at Liverpool Central station, when going from Kirkdale Depot to Birkenhead North TMD and vice versa, making use of a single track chord known as the "Stock Interchange Line" linking Liverpool James Street station (Wirral Line) and Liverpool Central (Northern Line). No passenger services are scheduled to use the link, although it has seen very occasional use by charter trains.[13] This was the route taken by Wirral Line trains between Central L.L & James Street prior to the building of the Link & Loop tunnels in the 1970s.

Preceding station  |  National Rail | Following station

|
|

Moorfields
towards Southport,
Ormskirk or Headbolt Lane |   | Merseyrail
Northern Line
Hunts Cross-Ormskirk |   | Brunswick
towards Hunts Cross
| Merseyrail
Northern Line
Liverpool-Southport/Headbolt Lane |   | Terminus
Liverpool Lime Street
(one-way operation) |   | Merseyrail
Wirral Line |   | James Street
towards New Brighton, West Kirby,
Chester or Ellesmere Port

## See also

[edit]

* List of underground stations of the Merseyrail network

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Station usage estimates | Office of Rail Regulation". orr.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 3 May 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
2. ^ "Liverpool underground stations get £40m overhaul". BBC News. 5 September 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
3. ^ Northern Line Reopening
4. ^ "Liverpool-central train station | timetable | ticket prices & facilities". merseyrail.org. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
5. ^ "Liverpool City Region Long Term Rail Strategy" (PDF). Merseytravel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
6. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
7. ^ Katie Daubney (12 May 2009). "Go-ahead for Liverpool Central Village". PlanningResource. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
8. ^ Houghton, Alistair (20 September 2017). "Revealed: Developer's Circus plans for Lewis's and expanded Liverpool Central". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
9. ^ "Access For All - A-Z of station improvements". networkrail.co.uk. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
10. ^ Weston, Alan (6 December 2016). "Blow for Liverpool Central users as cash squeeze hits plans". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
11. ^ Houghton, Alistair (21 October 2018). "Photos that show why overcrowded Central Station needs to be rebuilt". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
12. ^ "Merseyrail Timetables". Merseyrail. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
13. ^ "Third Rail Centenary Tracker"Heyevents 7 February 2016; Retrieved 18 May 2016

## Further reading

[edit]

* Hughes, John C. (October 2005). "The Liverpool Central Station Railway (Part One)". Back Track. Vol. 19, no. 10\. Pendragon Publishing. ISSN 0955-5382.
* Hughes, John C. (December 2005). "The Liverpool Central Station Railway (Part Two)". Back Track. Vol. 19, no. 12\. Pendragon Publishing. ISSN 0955-5382.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liverpool Central railway station.

* Train times and station information for Liverpool Central railway station from National Rail
* Station information for Liverpool Central railway station from Merseyrail
* History of Central station
* Report by the Rail Accident Investigation Branch into 26 October 2005 derailment. (PDF format)

* v
* t
* e

Railway stations in Merseyside

Knowsley|

* Halewood
* Headbolt Lane
* Huyton
* Kirkby
* Prescot
* Roby
* Whiston

Liverpool
(city centre stations in italics)|

* Aigburth
* Bank Hall
* Broad Green
* Brunswick
* Cressington
* Edge Hill
* Fazakerley
* Hunts Cross
* James Street
* Kirkdale
* Liverpool Central
* Liverpool Lime Street
* Liverpool South Parkway
* Liverpool Baltic (proposed)
* Moorfields
* Mossley Hill
* Orrell Park
* Rice Lane
* St Michaels
* Sandhills
* Vauxhall (proposed)
* Walton
* Wavertree Technology Park
* West Allerton

Sefton|

* Ainsdale
* Aintree
* Birkdale
* Blundellsands & Crosby
* Bootle New Strand
* Bootle Oriel Road
* Formby
* Freshfield
* Hall Road
* Hightown
* Hillside
* Maghull
* Maghull North
* Meols Cop
* Old Roan
* Seaforth & Litherland
* Southport
* Waterloo

St Helens|

* Earlestown
* Eccleston Park
* Garswood
* Lea Green
* Newton-le-Willows
* Rainford
* Rainhill
* St Helens Central
* St Helens Junction
* Thatto Heath

Wirral|

* Bebington
* Beechwood (proposed)
* Bidston
* Birkenhead Central
* Birkenhead North
* Birkenhead Park
* Bromborough
* Bromborough Rake
* Conway Park
* Eastham Rake
* Green Lane
* Hamilton Square
* Heswall
* Hoylake
* Leasowe
* Manor Road
* Meols
* Moreton
* New Brighton
* Port Sunlight
* Rock Ferry
* Spital
* Town Meadow (proposed)
* Upton
* Wallasey Grove Road
* Wallasey Village
* West Kirby
* Woodchurch (proposed)

Outside Merseyside, but
within the Merseytravel area|

* Hooton
* Hough Green
* Town Green
* Aughton Park
* Ormskirk

* Transport in Merseyside
* Merseytravel
* Merseyrail

* v
* t
* e

Northern line stations

Southport branch|

* Liverpool Central
* Moorfields
* (Vauxhall – proposed)
* Sandhills
* Bank Hall
* Bootle Oriel Road
* Bootle New Strand
* Seaforth & Litherland
* Waterloo
* Blundellsands & Crosby
* Hall Road
* Hightown
* Formby
* Freshfield
* Ainsdale
* Hillside
* Birkdale
* Southport

Ormskirk - Hunts Cross branch|

* Hunts Cross
* Liverpool South Parkway
* Cressington
* Aigburth
* St Michaels
* Brunswick
* (Liverpool Baltic – proposed)
* Liverpool Central
* Moorfields
* Sandhills
* Kirkdale
* Walton
* Orrell Park
* Aintree
* Old Roan
* Maghull
* Maghull North
* Town Green
* Aughton Park
* Ormskirk

Kirkby branch|

* Liverpool Central
* Moorfields
* Sandhills
* Kirkdale
* Rice Lane
* Fazakerley
* Kirkby
* Headbolt Lane
* (Rainford – proposed)
* (Skelmersdale – proposed)

* v
* t
* e

Merseyrail Wirral line stations

New Brighton Branch|

* New Brighton
* Wallasey Grove Road
* Wallasey Village

West Kirby Branch|

* West Kirby
* Hoylake
* Manor Road
* Meols
* Moreton
* Leasowe
* Bidston

Northern Branch|

* Birkenhead North
* Birkenhead Park
* Conway Park

Liverpool Loop|

* Hamilton Square
* James Street
* Moorfields
* Liverpool Lime Street
* Liverpool Central

Southern Branch|

* Birkenhead Central
* Green Lane
* Rock Ferry
* Bebington
* Port Sunlight
* Spital
* Bromborough Rake
* Bromborough
* Eastham Rake
* Hooton

Chester Branch|

* Capenhurst
* Bache
* Chester

Ellesmere Port Branch|

* Little Sutton
* Overpool
* Ellesmere Port

* v
* t
* e

Buildings and structures in Liverpool, England

Skyscrapers
and highrises|

* 1 Princes Dock
* Alexandra Tower
* Beetham Tower
* The Lexington
* Municipal Buildings
* New Hall Place
* The Plaza
* Port of Liverpool Building
* Post & Echo Building
* Radio City Tower
* Royal Liver Building
* Unity Commercial
* Unity Residential
* West Tower

Notable lowrises|

* Albert Dock
* Traffic Office
* Alder Hey Children's Hospital
* Atlantic Tower
* Bank of England
* Bluecoat Chambers
* Britannia Adelphi Hotel
* Calderstones House
* Chinese Arch
* County Sessions House
* Crowne Plaza LJLA
* Cunard Building
* Empire Theatre
* Everton Water Tower
* Everyman Theatre, Liverpool
* Grand Central Hall
* Great North Western Hotel
* Hargreaves Building
* Homeopathic Hospital
* India Buildings
* International Slavery Museum
* James Parsons Building
* Liverpool Central Library
* Liverpool Cotton Exchange Building
* Liverpool Magistrates' Court
* Liverpool Playhouse
* Liverpool Town Hall
* Liverpool Women's Hospital
* The Lyceum
* Malmaison
* Mann Island Buildings
* Merseyside Maritime Museum
* Museum of Liverpool
* National Conservation Centre
* One Park West
* Oratory
* Oriel Chambers
* Philharmonic Dining Rooms
* Philharmonic Hall
* Prudential Assurance Building
* Queen Elizabeth II Law Courts
* Royal Court Theatre
* Royal Insurance Building
* Royal Liverpool University Hospital
* Speke Hall
* Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse
* St George's Hall
* Tate Liverpool
* Tower Buildings
* Victoria Building
* Walker Art Gallery
* Wheel of Liverpool
* White Star Building
* Woolton Hall
* World Museum Liverpool

Places of worship|

* All Saints' Church
* Al-Rahma Mosque
* Church of All Hallows
* Church of Our Lady and St Nicholas
* Church of St Agnes and St Pancras
* Church of St Clare
* German Church
* Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas
* Gustav Adolf Church
* Liverpool Cathedral
* Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral
* Norwegian Fishermans' Church
* Old Christ Church
* The Oratory
* Princes Road Synagogue
* St George's Church
* St John the Baptist's Church
* St Luke's Church
* St Luke's Church, Walton
* St Michael's Church
* St Peter's Church
* Toxteth Unitarian Chapel
* Ullet Road Unitarian Church
* Welsh Presbyterian Church

Transportation|

* James Street station
* Kingsway Tunnel
* Liverpool Central station
* Liverpool Coach Station
* Liverpool John Lennon Airport
* Liverpool Lime Street station
* Liverpool One bus station
* Liverpool South Parkway station
* Mersey Railway Tunnel
* Moorfields station
* Queensway Tunnel

Shopping complexes|

* Clayton Square Shopping Centre
* Lewis's Building
* Liverpool ONE
* Liverpool Shopping Park
* Metquarter
* New Mersey Shopping Park
* St Johns Shopping Centre

Sports venues
and arenas|

* Aigburth Cricket Ground
* Anfield
* Goodison Park
* Liverpool Arena
* O2 Academy Liverpool
* Walton Hall Park
* Wavertree Athletics Centre
* Hill Dickinson Stadium

Sculptures
and monuments|

* Liverpool Cenotaph
* Nelson Monument
* Steble Fountain
* Superlambanana
* Titanic Memorial
* Victoria Monument
* Wellington's Column
* Yellow Submarine

Notable demolished|

* Childwall Hall
* Concourse House
* Custom House
* The Futurist Cinema
* Liverpool Castle
* Liverpool Central High Level railway station
* Liverpool Sailors' Home
* Liverpool Overhead Railway
* Octagon Chapel
* St Peter's Church
* St John's Market
* Walton Hall

Lists|

* List of public art in Liverpool
* List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool
* Listed buildings in Liverpool

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Railway stations served by Merseyrail

Northern line|

* Aigburth
* Ainsdale
* Aintree
* Aughton Park
* Bank Hall
* Birkdale
* Blundellsands & Crosby
* Bootle New Strand
* Bootle Oriel Road
* Brunswick
* Cressington
* Fazakerley
* Formby
* Freshfield
* Hall Road
* Headbolt Lane
* Hightown
* Hillside
* Hunts Cross
* Kirkby
* Kirkdale
* Liverpool Central
* Liverpool South Parkway
* Maghull
* Maghull North
* Moorfields
* Old Roan
* Ormskirk
* Orrell Park
* Rice Lane
* St Michaels
* Sandhills
* Seaforth & Litherland
* Southport
* Town Green
* Walton
* Waterloo

Wirral line|

* Bache
* Bebington
* Bidston
* Birkenhead Central
* Birkenhead Hamilton Square
* Birkenhead North
* Birkenhead Park
* Bromborough
* Bromborough Rake
* Capenhurst
* Chester
* Conway Park
* Eastham Rake
* Ellesmere Port
* Green Lane
* Hooton
* Hoylake
* Leasowe
* Little Sutton
* Liverpool Central
* Liverpool James Street
* Liverpool Lime Street
* Manor Road
* Meols
* Moorfields
* Moreton
* New Brighton
* Overpool
* Port Sunlight
* Rock Ferry
* Spital
* Wallasey Grove Road
* Wallasey Village
* West Kirby

Rail transport in the United Kingdom
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