Llano County, Texas

County in Texas, United States

County in Texas

Llano County

County

The Llano County Courthouse in Llano

Location within the U.S. state of Texas

Texas's location within the U.S.

Coordinates: 30°43′N 98°41′W﻿ / ﻿30.71°N 98.68°W﻿ / 30.71; -98.68
Country|  United States
State|  Texas
Founded| 1856
Named after| Llano River
Seat| Llano
Largest city| Horseshoe Bay
Area

• Total

| 966 sq mi (2,500 km2)
• Land| 934 sq mi (2,420 km2)
• Water| 32 sq mi (80 km2)  3.3%
Population

(2020)

• Total

| 21,243
• Density| 22/sq mi (8.5/km2)
Time zone| UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district| 11th
Website| www.co.llano.tx.us

Llano County (/ˈlænoʊ/) is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 21,243.[1] Its county seat is Llano,[2] and the county is named for the Llano River.

Cactus in spring bloom in rural Llano County

## History

[edit]

The Tonkawa tribe were the first known inhabitants of the region before European settlement.[3]

European settlement began by April 20, 1842, with the founding of the Adelsverein[4] Fisher-Miller Land Grant, setting aside three million acres (12,000 km²) to settle 600 families and single men of German, Dutch, Swiss, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian ancestry in Texas.[5] By June 26, 1844, Henry Francis Fisher sold his interest in the land grant to the Adelsverein, and by December 20, 1845, both Fisher and Burchard Miller had sold their remaining rights to the organization. In 1847, the Meusebach–Comanche Treaty[6] was signed, and the Bettina commune, named after German liberal Bettina Brentano von Arnim, was founded as the last Adelsverein community in Texas. However, the commune failed within a year due to a lack of governing structure and conflict of authority.[7][8] By 1860, the population had reached 1,101, including 21 slaveholders and 54 slavess.[3]

During the Civil War, in 1862, one hundred Llano County volunteers join Major John George Walker Division of the Confederate States Army, and in April 1864, a cavalry company under Captain Brazeal was formed to defend against Indian attacks. This unit served under Brigadier General John David McAdoo until it disbanded in June 1865 at war's end. By August 4, 1873, Packsaddle Mountain was the site of the region's last battle with Native Americans, marking a turning point that allowed the county’s farming economy to expand without the threat of attacks from local Native tribes.[9] Progress continued with the arrival of the Llano branch of the Austin and Northwestern Railroad on June 7, 1892 ,[3] followed by the completion of the County Courthouse in 1893, designed by Austin architect A. O. Watson.[10] In 1895, the Llano County Jail was erected by the Pauly Jail Building and Manufacturing Company of St Louis, MO.[11][12]

By the turn of the 20th century, Teich Monument Works was established by Frank Teich,[13] along with the Llano Women's Literary Society was organized a year later in 1901 with sixteen charter members.[3] That same year, the Victorian style Antlers Hotel, a railroad resort located in Kingsland, opened for business.

### Darmstadt Society of Forty

[edit]

Further information: List of Darmstadt Society of Forty

Count Castell[14] of the Adelsverein negotiated with the separate Darmstadt Society of Forty to colonize 200 families on the Fisher–Miller Land Grant in Texas. In return, they were to receive $12,000 in money, livestock, and equipment, and provisions for a year. After the first year, the colonies were expected to support themselves.[15] The colonies attempted were Castell,[16] Leiningen, Bettina,[17] Schoenburg and Meerholz in Llano County; Darmstädler Farm in Comal County; and Tusculum in Kendall County.[18] Of these, only Castell survives. The colonies failed after the Adelsverein funding expired, and also due to conflict of structure and authorities. Some members moved to other Adelsverein settlements in Texas. Others moved elsewhere, or returned to Germany.

### Library book bans

[edit]

Llano county libraries were purged of books containing sex education and discussion of racism in 2021 and 2022 by county commissioners. Titles removed include In the Night Kitchen, Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents, and Between the World and Me. Librarian Suzette Baker in Kingsland was fired for her refusal to remove books from the shelves. The library board voted unanimously to close its meetings to the public in 2022.[19][20] After a lawsuit was filed, a federal judge ruled in March 2023 that at least 12 of the books must be placed back onto shelves.[21] In response, county commissioners considered closing the library in a special meeting.[22] They have appealed the decision by the federal judge.[23]

## Geography

[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 966 square miles (2,500 km2), of which 934 square miles (2,420 km2) are land and 32 square miles (83 km2) (3.3%) are covered by water.[24]

Enchanted Rock, a designated state natural area and popular tourist destination, is located in southern Llano county.

Two significant rivers, the Llano and the Colorado, flow through Llano County. These rivers contribute to Lake Buchanan, Inks Lake, and Lake Lyndon B. Johnson, which are all located partially within the county.

### Major highways

[edit]

* State Highway 16
* State Highway 29
* State Highway 71
* State Highway 261

### Adjacent counties

[edit]

* San Saba County (north)
* Burnet County (east)
* Blanco County (southeast)
* Gillespie County (south)
* Mason County (west)

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1860| 1,101| | —
1870| 1,379| | 25.2%
1880| 4,962| | 259.8%
1890| 6,772| | 36.5%
1900| 7,301| | 7.8%
1910| 6,520| | −10.7%
1920| 5,360| | −17.8%
1930| 5,538| | 3.3%
1940| 5,996| | 8.3%
1950| 5,377| | −10.3%
1960| 5,240| | −2.5%
1970| 6,979| | 33.2%
1980| 10,144| | 45.4%
1990| 11,631| | 14.7%
2000| 17,044| | 46.5%
2010| 19,301| | 13.2%
2020| 21,243| | 10.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[25]
1850–2010[26] 2010[27] 2020[28]
Llano County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[29] | Pop 2010[27] | Pop 2020[28] | % 2000  | % 2010  | % 2020

|
|
|
|
|
|

White alone (NH)  | 15,869  | 17,303  | 17,530  | 93.11%  | 89.65%  | 82.52%
Black or African American alone (NH)  | 51  | 102  | 97  | 0.30%  | 0.53%  | 0.46%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)  | 58  | 87  | 115  | 0.34%  | 0.45%  | 0.54%
Asian alone (NH)  | 59  | 76  | 121  | 0.35%  | 0.39%  | 0.57%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)  | 5  | 5  | 4  | 0.03%  | 0.03%  | 0.02%
Other Race alone (NH)  | 8  | 11  | 61  | 0.05%  | 0.06%  | 0.29%
Mixed Race or Multiracial (NH)  | 119  | 175  | 807  | 0.70%  | 0.91%  | 3.80%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)  | 875  | 1,542  | 2,508  | 5.13%  | 7.99%  | 11.81%
Total | 17,044 | 19,301 | 21,243 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00%

As of the 2000 census,[30] 17,044 people, 7,879 households, and 5,365 families resided in the county. The population density was 18 people per square mile (6.9 people/km2). There were 11,829 housing units at an average density of 13 units per square mile (5.0/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.3% White, 0.3% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.8% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. About 5.1% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race.

Of the 7,879 households, 16.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were not families. About 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.56.

In the county, the population was distributed as 15.9% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 18.4% from 25 to 44, 30.5% from 45 to 64, and 30.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 53 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $34,830, and for a family was $40,597. Males had a median income of $30,839 versus $21,126 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,547. About 7.2% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.2% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities

[edit]

### Cities

[edit]

* Horseshoe Bay (partly in Burnet County)
* Llano (county seat)
* Sunrise Beach Village

### Census-designated places

[edit]

* Buchanan Dam
* Buchanan Lake Village
* Kingsland
* Tow

### Other unincorporated communities

[edit]

* Bluffton
* Castell
* Valley Spring

### Ghost towns

[edit]

* Baby Head
* Bettina
* Click

## Notable person

[edit]

* Emil Kriewitz, who lived with the Penateka Comanche, served as guide for Fisher–Miller Land Grant settlers, 1870 Llano County justice of the peace, 1871 Llano County election judge, and was postmaster of Castell from 1876 to 1883. He was buried in Llano County Cemetery.[31]

## Politics

[edit]

Llano County, in common with the Solid South, voted predominantly for Democratic presidential candidates well into the 1960s, with those voters being in the majority even in the 1928, 1952 and 1956 campaigns, with both races from the 1950s featuring native son Dwight D. Eisenhower heading the Republican ticket. This trend reversed itself beginning in 1972 and has become more pronounced, beginning in 2000.

United States presidential election results for Llano County, Texas[32] Year  | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies)

|
|
|

No. | % | No. | % | No. | %
2024 | 10,902  | 79.99% | 2,613  | 19.17%  | 114  | 0.84%
2020 | 10,079  | 79.61% | 2,465  | 19.47%  | 116  | 0.92%
2016 | 8,299  | 79.44% | 1,825  | 17.47%  | 323  | 3.09%
2012 | 7,610  | 79.62% | 1,822  | 19.06%  | 126  | 1.32%
2008 | 7,281  | 75.62% | 2,250  | 23.37%  | 98  | 1.02%
2004 | 7,241  | 75.72% | 2,257  | 23.60%  | 65  | 0.68%
2000 | 6,295  | 72.97% | 2,143  | 24.84%  | 189  | 2.19%
1996 | 4,290  | 55.45% | 2,633  | 34.03%  | 814  | 10.52%
1992 | 3,056  | 41.96% | 2,409  | 33.08%  | 1,818  | 24.96%
1988 | 3,550  | 57.24% | 2,629  | 42.39%  | 23  | 0.37%
1984 | 4,042  | 67.89% | 1,894  | 31.81%  | 18  | 0.30%
1980 | 2,866  | 56.23% | 2,130  | 41.79%  | 101  | 1.98%
1976 | 1,947  | 45.03%  | 2,361  | 54.60% | 16  | 0.37%
1972 | 2,164  | 73.53% | 766  | 26.03%  | 13  | 0.44%
1968 | 1,079  | 38.19%  | 1,282  | 45.38% | 464  | 16.42%
1964 | 655  | 27.47%  | 1,727  | 72.44% | 2  | 0.08%
1960 | 704  | 38.26%  | 1,131  | 61.47% | 5  | 0.27%
1956 | 672  | 39.32%  | 1,034  | 60.50% | 3  | 0.18%
1952 | 840  | 43.21%  | 1,102  | 56.69% | 2  | 0.10%
1948 | 253  | 15.06%  | 1,384  | 82.38% | 43  | 2.56%
1944 | 198  | 12.87%  | 1,199  | 77.96% | 141  | 9.17%
1940 | 238  | 13.78%  | 1,484  | 85.93% | 5  | 0.29%
1936 | 107  | 7.59%  | 1,302  | 92.41% | 0  | 0.00%
1932 | 108  | 8.08%  | 1,229  | 91.92% | 0  | 0.00%
1928 | 439  | 46.07%  | 514  | 53.93% | 0  | 0.00%
1924 | 88  | 8.17%  | 928  | 86.17% | 61  | 5.66%
1920 | 184  | 16.85%  | 665  | 60.90% | 243  | 22.25%
1916 | 72  | 8.86%  | 716  | 88.07% | 25  | 3.08%
1912 | 29  | 5.32%  | 432  | 79.27% | 84  | 15.41%

## See also

[edit]

* Texas portal

* Adelsverein
* Badu Building
* German Texan
* List of museums in Central Texas
* Llano County Courthouse and Jail
* National Register of Historic Places listings in Llano County, Texas
* Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Llano County
* Southern Hotel

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Llano County, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. ^ a b c d Speck, Ernest B. "Llano County, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
4. ^ Brister, Louis E. "Adelsverein". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
5. ^ Ramos, Mary G. "The German Settlements in Central Texas". Texas Almanac. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on February 7, 2011. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
6. ^ "Comanche Indian Treaty". William Nienke, Sam Morrow. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
7. ^ German American annals. University of Michigan Library. 2010. p. 31.
8. ^ Heckert-Green, James B. "Castell, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
9. ^ Hazelwood, Claudia. "Packsaddle Mountain Fight". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
10. ^ "Llano County Courthouse". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
11. ^ "Llano County Jail". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes – Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
12. ^ "Redtop Jail". Friends of the Llano Redtop Jail. Archived from the original on October 20, 2010. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
13. ^ "Frank Teich". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
14. ^ Brister, Louis E. "Count Carl of Castell-Castell". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
15. ^ King (1967) p. 122
16. ^ Heckert-Greene, James B. "Castell, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
17. ^ Lich, Glen E. "Bettina, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
18. ^ Lich, Glen E. "The Forty". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
19. ^ Gowen, Annie (April 17, 2022). "Censorship battles' new frontier: Your public library". The Washington Post.
20. ^ Cooley, Brigid (March 4, 2022). "Llano County Library Advisory Board closes meetings to the public". DailyTrib.com.
21. ^ Elassar, Alaa; Romine, Taylor; Rose, Andy (April 1, 2023). "Judge orders books removed from Texas public libraries due to LGBTQ and racial content must be returned within 24 hours". CNN. Retrieved April 2, 2023.
22. ^ Freeman, Suzanne (April 10, 2023). "Llano County could close libraries". Daily Tribune. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
23. ^ Freeman, Suzanne (October 17, 2023). "Llano library lawsuit trial date passes as appeal wait continues". Daily Tribune. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
24. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
25. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decade". US Census Bureau.
26. ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
27. ^ a b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Llano County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
28. ^ a b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Llano County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
29. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Llano County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
30. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
31. ^ Hadeler, Glenn. "Emil von Kriewitz de Czepry". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
32. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved July 26, 2018.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Reinhardt, Louis (1900). "The Communistic Colony of Bettina". The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association. 3. Denton, TX: Texas State Historical Association: 33–40.

## External links

[edit]

* Llano County government’s website
* Llano County from the Handbook of Texas Online

* v
* t
* e

Places adjacent to Llano County, Texas

|  | San Saba County |

|
|

|  |
Mason County |

Llano County, Texas

| Burnet County
|  |
| Gillespie County | Blanco County

* v
* t
* e

National Register of Historic Places in Llano County, Texas

National Natural Landmark|

* Enchanted Rock †

National Historic Districts|

* Austin and Northwestern Railroad Historic District-Fairland to Llano ‡
* Llano County Courthouse Historic District

National Historic Places|

* Badu Building
* Llano County Courthouse and Jail
* Southern Hotel
* State Highway 29 Bridge at the Colorado River ‡

Footnotes|

† This entry is also a National Historic District.
‡ This entry is also listed in an adjacent county.

See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Llano County, Texas and List of National Historic Landmarks in Texas

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Llano County, Texas, United States

County seat: Llano

Cities|

* Horseshoe Bay‡
* Llano
* Sunrise Beach Village

Llano County map

CDPs|

* Buchanan Dam
* Buchanan Lake Village
* Kingsland
* Tow

Other
communities|

* Bluffton
* Castell
* Valley Spring

Ghost towns|

* Baby Head
* Bettina
* Click

Footnotes|

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

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30°43′N 98°41′W﻿ / ﻿30.71°N 98.68°W﻿ / 30.71; -98.68
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