Lord President of the Court of Session

Most senior judge in Scotland

"Lord Justice General" redirects here. For the Lord Justice General of Ireland, see Lords Justices of Ireland.

Lord President of the
Court of Session
and
Lord Justice General
of Scotland

Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-mhorair Cùirt an t-Seisein

Incumbent
Lord Carloway

since 18 December 2015

Style| The Right Honourable
Appointer| Monarch on the advice of the First Minister
Term length| Life tenure with compulsory retirement at 75
Inaugural holder| Alexander Mylne, Abbot of Cambuskenneth
Formation| 1532
Deputy| Lord Justice Clerk
Salary| £222,862 (Salary Group 1.1)
Website| Roles and Jurisdiction | Judicial Office for Scotland

The Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-mhorair Cùirt an t-Seisein) is the most senior judge in Scotland, the head of the judiciary, and the presiding judge of the College of Justice, the Court of Session, and the High Court of Justiciary. The Lord President holds the title of Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of the High Court of Justiciary ex officio, as the two offices were combined in 1836. The Lord President has authority over any court established under Scots law, except for the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Court of the Lord Lyon.

The current Lord President of the Court of Session is Lord Carloway, who was appointed to the position on 18 December 2015. In June 2024 Lord Carloway announced he would retire from judicial office in early 2025.[1] They are paid according to salary group 1.1 of the Judicial Salaries Scale, which in 2016 was £222,862.

## Remit and jurisdiction

[edit]

### Head of the judiciary

[edit]

As Lord President of the Court of Session and is the most senior judge in Scotland, the head of the judiciary, and the presiding judge of the College of Justice, and the Court of Session.[2]: Section 2(1) Under Section 2(6) of the Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008, the Lord President has authority over the judiciary of any court established under Scots law, except for the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Court of the Lord Lyon.

> References in this section to the Scottish judiciary are references to the judiciary of any court established under the law of Scotland (other than the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom).

> — Section 2(5), Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008[2]: Section 2(5)

The Scottish Land Court, which until 1 April 2017 was administered separately, was transferred to the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service.[3] The 2008 act states:

> The Lord President is the Head of the Scottish Judiciary.

> — Section 2(1), Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008[2]: Section 2(1)

The Lord President is supported by the Judicial Office for Scotland which was established on 1 April 2010 as a result of the Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008, and the Lord President chairs the corporate board of the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service.[2]: Schedule 3 The Lord President, and the wider judiciary, is advised on matters relating to the administration of justice by the Judicial Council for Scotland, which is a non-statutory body established in 2007. There had been plans for a statutory judges' council but these plans were abandoned in favour of a non-statutory council convened by the Lord President.[4][5][6]

### Inner House

[edit]

The Lord President presides over the 1st Division of the Inner House of the Court of Session.[7] The Inner House is the part of the Court of Session which acts as a court of appeal for cases decided the Outer House and Sheriff Appeal Court, and hearing appeals on questions of law from the Sheriff Appeal Court, Scottish Land Court, Court of the Lord Lyon, and the Lands Tribunal for Scotland.[8][9]

### Official Oath

[edit]

In Scotland the Official Oath is taken before the Lord President of the Court of Session.[10]

### Lord Justice General

[edit]

The Lord President is also the Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of the High Court of Justiciary ex officio, with the two offices having been combined in 1836.The office of Lord Justice General is derived from the justiciars who were appointed from at least the twelfth century. From around 1567 onwards it was held heritably by the Earl of Argyll until the heritability was resigned to the Crown in 1607.[11]

## Officeholders

[edit]

Part of a series on

Scots law

Administration

* Justice and Communities Directorate of the Scottish Government
* Cabinet Secretary for Justice
* Judicial Appointments Board
* Judicial Complaints Reviewer
* Parole Board for Scotland
* Legal Aid Board
* Courts & Tribunals Service
* College of Justice
* Office of the Public Guardian
* Scottish Sentencing Council
* Law Commission
* Criminal Cases Review Commission
* Prison Service

Civil courts

* Court of Session
* Lord President
* Lord Justice Clerk
* Lord of Session
* Office of the Accountant of Court
* Acts of Sederunt
* Sheriff Court
* Sheriff Appeal Court
* Sheriff Principal
* Sheriff Personal Injury Court
* Sheriff

Criminal courts

* High Court of Justiciary
* Lord Justice-General
* Lord Justice Clerk
* Lords Commissioner of Justiciary
* Acts of Adjournal
* Sheriff courts
* Sheriff Appeal Court
* Sheriff Principal
* Sheriffs
* Justice of the peace courts
* Justices of the peace

Special courts

* Court of the Lord Lyon
* Lord Lyon King of Arms
* Children's Reporter Administration
* Children's Hearings
* Land Court
* Lands Tribunal
* Scottish Solicitors' Discipline Tribunal

Criminal prosecution

* Lord Advocate
* Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service
* Advocate Depute
* Procurator fiscal
* Fiscal fine
* Precognition

Legal profession

* Judiciary
* Faculty of Advocates
* Advocate
* Law Society
* Solicitor-Advocate
* Solicitor
* Association of Commercial Attorneys
* Scottish Legal Complaints Commission

* v
* t
* e

### Justiciars

[edit]

See also: Justiciar of Scotia and Justiciar of Lothian

(called Lord Chief Justices by Scot of Scotstarvet).

* Argadus, Captain of Argyll, in the reign of Ethodius
* Comes Dunetus; in the reign of King William the Lion. (Donnchad II, Earl of Fife)
* William Comyn
* Richard Comyn
* David, Earl of Huntingdon (died 1219)
* Walter Clifford, Justiciary of the Lothians
* 1216: Allan, Justiciary to King Alexander II
* 1224: William Cumin, Earl of Buchan
* Walter (died 1241), son of Allan High Steward of Scotland
* 1239: William, Earl of Ross, "Lord Chief Justice of Scotland"
* Alexander (d.1283), High Steward of Scotland to King Alexander II
* 1253: Alexander Cumin, Earl of Buchan
* 1366: Robert de Erskine, Justiciary South of the Forth for King David II
* bef 1372: Alan de Lawedre of The Bass, Whitslaid, & Haltoun, Justiciary South of the Forth, (he received a pension for holding this post in 1374).
* 1437: James Douglas, Earl of Avondale and Lord Balveny[12]
* 1446: Patrick de Ogilvy, Justiciary South of the Forth
* 1457: John, Lord Lindsay of the Byres, Justiciary South of the Forth
* William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney & Caithness (d.1480), Justiciary North of the Forth for King James II
* 1477: John Haldane of Gleneagles, Justiciary North of the Forth
* Patrick Hepburn, 1st Lord Hailes (died after 1482), and Robert, 2nd Lord Lyle, Justiciaries South of the Forth
* Andrew, Earl of Crawfurd, and George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly, Justiciaries North of the Forth
* 1488: Robert Lyle, 2nd Lord Lyle (died c. 1497), "Lord Chief Justice"
* 1489: John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis (died 1 April 1497), and John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond: "Justice-General"
* 1492: Robert Lyle, 2nd Lord Lyle, and John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis
* 1494: John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond (died c1519)
* 1504: Andrew Gray, 2nd Lord Gray, and John Kennedy, 2nd Lord Kennedy
* 1514: Colin Campbell, 3rd Earl of Argyll
* 1526: Archibald Douglas of Kilspindie
* 1532: Alexander Mylne, Abbot of Cambuskenneth
* 1537: Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll
* 1567: Sir Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll, (d.1584) (heritably)
* 1578: Sir Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll, (re-appointment?)
* 1589: Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll, (who exchanged the heritable office of Lord Chief Justice in 1607, for the heritable Lieutenancy of Argyll and Lorn, and most of The Isles).

### Lord Justice-General

[edit]

| From | Until | Remarks

|
|
|

The 7th Earl of Menteith and 1st Earl of Airth | 11 July 1628 | 8 November 1633 |
Sir William Elphinstone | 23 December 1635 | 13 November 1641 |
Sir Thomas Hope, younger of Kerse | 18 November 1641 | 23 August 1643 |
The 8th Earl of Glencairn | 13 November 1646 | 15 February 1649 |
The 6th Earl of Cassilis | 15 March 1649 | 9 August 1651 |
The 2nd Earl of Atholl | 16 August 1661 | 21 May 1675 |
The 5th Earl of Moray | 21 May 1675 | 5 May 1676 |
The Lord Carrington | 5 May 1676 | 30 September 1678 |
The Lord Tarbat | 30 September 1678 | 1 June 1680 |
The 3rd Earl of Queensberry | 1 June 1680 | 1 March 1682 |
The 4th Earl of Perth | 1 March 1682 | 13 June 1684 |
The 3rd Earl of Linlithgow | 13 June 1684 | 3 August 1689 |
The 4th Earl of Lothian | 3 August 1689 | 15 February 1703 |
The 1st Earl of Cromartie | 17 October 1704 | 23 October 1710 |
The 3rd Duke of Argyll and 1st Earl of Ilay | 23 October 1710 | 15 April 1761 |
The 4th Marquess of Tweeddale | 27 June 1761 | 9 December 1762 |
The 3rd Duke of Queensberry | 15 April 1763 | 22 October 1778 |
The 2nd Earl of Mansfield | 23 October 1778 | 1794 |
The 3rd Duke of Montrose | 14 January 1795 | 30 December 1836 |

### Lord President

[edit]

| From | Until | Remarks

|
|
|

Alexander Mylne, Abbot of Cambuskenneth | 1532 | 1543 | Abbot of Cambuskenneth (1519–1548)
Robert Reid, Bishop of Orkney | 1543 | 1558 | Abbot of Kinloss (1528–1553);
Commendator of Beauly (1531–1553);
Bishop of Orkney (1541–1558)
Henry Sinclair, Bishop of Ross | 1558 | 1565 | Commendator of Kilwinning (1541–1550);
Dean of Glasgow (1550–1561);
Bishop of Ross (1558–1565)
John Sinclair, Bishop of Brechin | 1565 | 1566 | Appointed a Lord of Session, 1540;
Bishop of Brechin (1565–1566)
The Lord Provand | 1566 | 1567 |
The Lord Pittendreich | 1567 | 1593 | Appointed a Lord of Session, 1561
The Lord Fyvie | 1593 | 1604 | Appointed a Lord of Session, 1586;
Provost of Edinburgh (1598–1608);
Lord Chancellor of Scotland (1604–1622);
Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland (1612–1621)
The 1st Lord Balmerino | 1605 | 1609 | Appointed a Lord of Session, 1587;
Secretary of State (1598–1609)
The Lord Fentonbarns | 1609 | 1616 | Appointed a Lord of Session, 1595
The 1st Earl of Melrose | 1616 | 1625 | Appointed a Lord of Session, 1592;
Lord Advocate (1595–1596 and 1596–1612);
Lord Clerk Register (1612)
Sir James Skene of Curriehill | 1626 | 1633 | Lord Clerk Register (1594–1612);
Appointed a Lord of Session, 1594
The Lord Newabbey | 1633 | 1646 | Appointed a Lord of Session, 1622
Sir John Gilmour of Craigmillar | 1661 | 1671 | Commissioner for Edinburghshire (1661–1671)
The 1st Viscount Stair | 1671 | 1681 | Appointed a Lord of Session, 1661;
Commissioner for Wigtownshire (1672–1674, 1678 and 1681–1682)
The 1st Earl of Aberdeen | 1681 | 1682 | Commissioner for Aberdeenshire (1669–1674, 1678 and 1681–1682);
Appointed a Lord of Session, 1680;
Lord Chancellor of Scotland (1682–1684)
Sir David Falconer of Newton | 1682 | 1685 | Appointed a Lord of Session, 1676;
Commissioner for Forfarshire (1685)
Sir George Lockhart of Carnwath | 1685 | 31 March 1689 | Appointed Dean of the Faculty of Advocates, 1672;
Commissioner for Lanarkshire (1681–1682 and 1685–1686)
The 1st Viscount Stair | 28 October 1689 | 25 November 1695 | Appointed a Lord of Session, 1661;
Commissioner for Wigtownshire (1672–1674, 1678 and 1681–1682)
The Lord North Berwick | 17 March 1698 | 20 June 1737 | Commissioner for New Galloway (1690–1702);
Dean of the Faculty of Advocates (1695–1698);
Commissioner for North Berwick (1702–1707)
The Lord Culloden | 20 June 1737 | 4 June 1748 | MP for Ayr Burghs (1721–1722);
MP for Inverness Burghs (1722–1737);
Lord Advocate (1725–1737)
The Lord Arniston, the Elder | 4 June 1748 | 26 August 1753 | Solicitor General for Scotland (1717–1720);
Lord Advocate (1720–1725);
MP for Midlothian (1722–1737);
Senator of the College of Justice (1737–1753)
The Lord Craigie | 22 January 1754 | 10 March 1760 |

MP for Tain Burghs (1742–1747);
Lord Advocate (1742–1746)

The Lord Arniston, the Younger | 30 April 1760 | 13 December 1787 | Solicitor General for Scotland (1742–1746);
Dean of the Faculty of Advocates (1746–1760)
Lord Advocate (1754–1760);
MP for Midlothian (1754–1760)
The Lord Glenlee | 22 December 1787 | 27 September 1789 | MP for Dumfries Burghs (1761–1766);
Solicitor General for Scotland (1759–1760);
Lord Advocate (1760–1766);
Lord Justice Clerk (1766–1787)
The Lord Succoth | 26 October 1789 | 31 August 1808 | Solicitor General for Scotland (1783–1784);
MP for Clyde Burghs (1784–1790);
Lord Advocate (1784–1789)
The Lord Avontoun | 31 August 1808 | 20 May 1811 | Solicitor General for Scotland (1789–1806);
Dean of the Faculty of Advocates (1801–1808)
The Lord Granton | 10 October 1811 | 20 July 1841 | Lord Advocate (1801–1804);
MP for Dumfries Burghs (1802);
MP for Edinburgh (1803–1805);
Lord Justice Clerk (1804–1811)
The Lord Boyle | 7 October 1841 | 5 May 1852 | MP for Ayrshire (1807–1811);
Solicitor General for Scotland (1807–1811);
Lord Justice Clerk (1811–1841)
The Lord Colonsay | 14 May 1852 | 25 February 1867 | MP for Argyllshire (1843–1851);
Solicitor General for Scotland (1834–1835 & 1841–1842);
Lord Advocate (1842–1846)
The Lord Glencorse | 25 February 1867 | 20 August 1891 | MP for Stamford (1858); Solicitor General for Scotland (1852);
Lord Advocate (1852 & 1858);
Lord Justice Clerk (1858–1867)
The Lord Robertson | 21 September 1891 | 21 November 1899 | MP for Buteshire (1885–1891);
Solicitor General for Scotland (1885–1886 & 1886–1888);
Lord Advocate (1888–1891); Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (1899–1909)
The 1st Baron Kinross | 21 November 1899 | 22 January 1905 | MP for Clackmannan and Kinross (1880–1899);
Solicitor General for Scotland (1880–1881);
Lord Advocate (1881–1885, 1886 & 1892–1895)
1st Baron Dunedin | 4 February 1905 | 14 October 1913 | MP for Buteshire (1891–1905);
Solicitor General for Scotland (1905–1909);
Lord Advocate (1909–1913);
Secretary for Scotland (1903–1905);
Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (1913–1932)
The 1st Baron Strathclyde | 14 October 1913 | 1 April 1920 | MP for Linlithgowshire (1895–1913);
Solicitor General for Scotland (1891–1892 & 1895–1896);
Lord Advocate (1896–1903)
The Lord Clyde | 1 April 1920 | 1 April 1935 | Solicitor General for Scotland (1905);
MP for Edinburgh West (1909–1918)
and Edinburgh North (1918–1920); Lord Advocate (1916–1920)
The Lord Normand | 1 April 1935 | 6 January 1947 | MP for Edinburgh West (1931–1935);
Solicitor General for Scotland (1929 & 1931–1933);
Lord Advocate (1933–1935); Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (1947–1953)
The Lord Cooper[13] | 6 January 1947 | 23 December 1954 | MP for Edinburgh West (1935–1941);
Solicitor General for Scotland (1935);
Lord Advocate (1935–1941);
Senator of the College of Justice (1941–1954);
Lord Justice Clerk (1941-1947);
Lord President of the Court of Session (1947–1954)
The Lord Clyde[14] | 23 December 1954 | 25 April 1972 | MP for Edinburgh North (1950–1954); Lord Advocate (1951–1954);
Senator of the College of Justice (1954–1972)
The Baron Emslie[15] | 25 April 1972 | 27 September 1989 | Dean of the Faculty of Advocates (1965–1970);
Senator of the College of Justice (1970–1989)
The Baron Hope of Craighead | 27 September 1989 | 1 October 1996 | Dean of the Faculty of Advocates (1986–1989);
Senator of the College of Justice (1989–1996);
Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (1996–2009);
Second Senior Law Lord (2009);
Deputy President of the Supreme Court (2009–2013)
The Baron Rodger of Earlsferry | 1 October 1996 | 13 November 2002 | Solicitor General for Scotland (1989–1992);
Lord Advocate (1992–1995);
Senator of the College of Justice (1995–2001);
Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (2001–2009);
Justice of the Supreme Court (2009–2011)
The Baron Cullen of Whitekirk | 13 November 2002 | 2 December 2005 | Chairman of the Medical Appeals Tribunals (1977–1986);
Senator of the College of Justice (1986–2005);
Lord Justice Clerk (1997–2002)
The Lord Hamilton | 2 December 2005 | 8 June 2012 | Chairman of the Medical Appeals Tribunals (1989–1992);
President of the Pensions Appeal Tribunal in Scotland (1992–1995);
Senator of the College of Justice (1995–2012)
The Lord Gill | 8 June 2012 | 31 May 2015 | Senator of the College of Justice (1994–2015);
Lord Justice Clerk (2001–2012)
The Lord Carloway | 18 December 2015 | present (early 2025)[1] | Senator of the College of Justice (2000–present);
Lord Justice Clerk (2012–2015)

## See also

[edit]

* List of Senators of the College of Justice
* List of Leading Scottish Legal Cases

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Lord President announces his intention to retire in 2025". scts_judiciary. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
2. ^ a b c d Scottish Parliament. Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
3. ^ Scottish Parliament. The Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008 (Scottish Land Court) Order 2017 as made, from legislation.gov.uk.
4. ^ "Strengthening Judicial Independence in a Modern Scotland – Chapter 4 – Judges' Council". www.gov.scot. The Scottish Government. 8 February 2006. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
5. ^ "Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Bill – Policy Memorandum" (PDF). parliament.scot. The Scottish Parliament. 30 January 2008. p. 7\. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
6. ^ "Constitution of the Judicial Council for Scotland" (PDF). judiciary-scotland.org.uk. Judicial Office for Scotland. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2017. "The Judicial Council for Scotland ("the Council") is a body constituted for the purpose of providing information and advice to— (a) the Lord President of the Court of Session ("the Lord President"); and (b) the judiciary of Scotland, on matters relevant to the administration of justice in Scotland."
7. ^ "About the Court of Session". www.scotcourts.gov.uk. Scottish Courts and Tribunal Service. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017. "The Inner House is in essence the appeal court, though it has a small range of first instance business. It is divided into the First and the Second Divisions, of equal authority, and presided over by the Lord President and the Lord Justice Clerk respectively."
8. ^ "Court of Session Act 1988". Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. 1988 (36). The National Archives: V. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
9. ^ Scottish Government (6 February 2014). Policy Memorandum, Courts Reform (Scotland) Bill (PDF) (Report). Scottish Parliament. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
10. ^ "Schedule, Promissory Oaths Act 1868". Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. 72. The National Archives: Schedule. 1868. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017. "The oath as to England is to be tendered by the Clerk of the Council, and taken in presence of Her Majesty in Council, or otherwise as Her Majesty shall direct. The oath as to Scotland is to be tendered by the Lord President of the Court of Session at a sitting of the Court."
11. ^ "Section 18, Court of Session Act 1830", Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, vol. 69, p. 18, 23 July 1830, "Office of lord justice general to devolve on lord president."
12. ^ "The Scots peerage : Founded on Wood's ed. Of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom". archive.org. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016.
13. ^ "No. 16401". The Edinburgh Gazette. 7 January 1947. p. 7.
14. ^ "No. 17246". The Edinburgh Gazette. 28 December 1954. p. 687.
15. ^ "No. 19080". The Edinburgh Gazette. 17 March 1972. p. 241.

* v
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|

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|

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|

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1 Office is either vested in the Crown, or vacant. Status is currently debated.
2 There is debate around whether these offices constitute Officers of the Crown.

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Chief justices of the territories of the British Empire and the United Kingdom

Legend
Current territory
Former territory
* Now a Commonwealth realm
Now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations

Europe

* Since 1234 England and Wales
* Since c.1200 Scotland
* 1175-1921 Ireland
* 1708–1757 Menorca
* Since 1713 Gibraltar
* 1763–1782 Menorca
* 1798–1802 Menorca
* 1800–1813 Malta (Protectorate)
* 1813–1964 Malta (Colony)
* 1807–1890 Heligoland
* 1809–1864 Ionian Islands
* 1878–1960 Cyprus
* 1921–1937 Irish Free State
* Since 1922 Northern Ireland

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* e

Americas

| 17th century and before| 18th century| 19th and 20th century

|
|

* 1579 New Albion
* 1583–1907 Newfoundland
* 1605–1979 *Saint Lucia
* 1607–1776 Virginia
* Since 1619 Bermuda
* 1620–1691 Plymouth Colony
* 1623–1883 Saint Kitts *(Saint Kitts & Nevis)
* 1624–1966 *Barbados
* 1625–1650 Saint Croix
* 1627–1979 *Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* 1628–1883 Nevis *(Saint Kitts & Nevis)
* 1629–1691 Massachusetts Bay Colony
* 1632–1776 Maryland
* since 1632 Montserrat
* 1632–1860 Antigua *(Antigua & Barbuda)
* 1636–1776 Connecticut
* 1636–1776 Rhode Island
* 1637–1662 New Haven Colony

* 1643–1860 Bay Islands
* Since 1650 Anguilla
* 1651–1667 Willoughbyland (Suriname)
* 1655–1850 Mosquito Coast (protectorate)
* 1655–1962 *Jamaica
* 1663–1712 Carolina
* 1664–1776 New York
* 1665–1674 and 1702–1776 New Jersey
* Since 1666 British Virgin Islands
* Since 1670 Cayman Islands
* 1670–1973 *Bahamas
* 1670–1870 Rupert's Land
* 1670–1688 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands1
* 1671–1816 Leeward Islands
* 1674–1702 East Jersey
* 1674–1702 West Jersey
* 1680–1776 New Hampshire
* 1681–1776 Pennsylvania
* 1686–1689 Dominion of New England
* 1691–1776 Massachusetts

* 1701–1776 Delaware
* 1712–1776 North Carolina
* 1712–1776 South Carolina
* 1713–1867 Nova Scotia
* 1733–1776 Georgia
* 1754–1820 Cape Breton Island
* 1762–1974 *Grenada
* 1763–1978 Dominica
* 1763–1873 Prince Edward Island
* 1763–1791 Quebec
* 1763–1783 East Florida
* 1763–1783 West Florida
* 1784–1867 New Brunswick
* 1791–1841 Lower Canada
* 1791–1841 Upper Canada
* Since 1799 Turks and Caicos Islands

* 1818–1846 Columbia District/Oregon Country2
* 1831–1966 British Guiana (Guyana)
* Since 1833 Falkland Islands3
* 1833–1960 Windward Islands
* 1833–1960 Leeward Islands
* 1841–1867 Province of Canada
* 1849–1866 Vancouver Island
* 1853–1863 Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands
* 1858–1866 British Columbia
* 1859–1870 North-Western Territory
* 1860–1981 *British Antigua and Barbuda
* 1862–1863 Stikine Territory
* 1866–1871 Vancouver Island and British Columbia
* 1867–1931 *Dominion of Canada4
* 1871–1964 British Honduras (*Belize)
* 1882–1983 *Saint Kitts and Nevis
* 1889–1962 Trinidad and Tobago
* 1907–1949 Dominion of Newfoundland5
* Since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands3
* 1958–1962 West Indies Federation

* 1\. Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia.
* 2\. Occupied jointly with the United States.
* 3\. Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982.
* 4\. In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. See Canada's name.
* 5\. Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949.

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Africa

| 17th and 18th centuries| 19th century| 20th century

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|

* Since 1658 Saint Helena14
* 1792–1961 Sierra Leone
* 1795–1803 Cape Colony

* Since 1815 Ascension Island14
* Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha14
* 1806–1910 Cape Colony
* 1807–1808 Madeira
* 1810–1968 Mauritius
* 1816–1965 The Gambia
* 1856–1910 Natal
* 1868–1966 Basutoland (Lesotho)
* 1874–1957 Gold Coast (Ghana)
* 1882–1922 Egypt

* 1884–1966 Bechuanaland (Botswana)
* 1884–1960 British Somaliland
* 1887–1897 Zululand
* 1890–1962 Uganda
* 1890–1963 Zanzibar (Tanzania)
* 1891–1964 Nyasaland (Malawi)
* 1891–1907 British Central Africa Protectorate
* 1893–1968 Swaziland
* 1895–1920 East Africa Protectorate
* 1899–1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

* 1900–1914 Northern Nigeria
* 1900–1914 Southern Nigeria
* 1900–1910 Orange River Colony
* 1900–1910 Transvaal Colony
* 1903–1976 Seychelles
* 1906–1954 Nigeria Colony
* 1910–1931 South Africa
* 1914–1954 Nigeria Colony and Protectorate
* 1915–1931 South West Africa (Namibia)
* 1919–1960 Cameroons (Cameroon)6
* 1920–1963 Kenya
* 1922–1961 Tanganyika (Tanzania)6
* 1923–1965 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)7
* 1924–1964 Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
* 1953–1963 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
* 1954–1960 Nigeria
* 1979–1980 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)7

* 6\. League of Nations mandate.
* 7\. Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.

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Asia

| 17th and 18th century| 19th century| 20th century

|
|

* 1685–1824 Bencoolen (Sumatra)
* 1702–1705 Pulo Condore
* 1757-1862 Bengal (to 1862)
* 1862–1947 Bengal (from 1862) (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh)
* 1762–1764 Manila and Cavite
* 1786–1946 Penang (Malaysia)
* 1795–1948 Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
* 1796–1965 Maldives

* 1812–1824 Banka (Sumatra) and Billiton (Sumatra)
* 1819–1826 British Malaya (West Malaysia and Singapore)
* 1826–1946 Straits Settlements (Malaysia and Singapore)
* 1839–1967 Colony of Aden
* 1839–1842 Afghanistan
* 1841–1997 Hong Kong
* 1841–1946 Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia)
* 1848–1946 Labuan (Malaysia)
* 1858–1947 British India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Burma) • Bombay • Calcutta • Madras • North-Western Provinces/Allahabad)
* 1874–1963 British Borneo (East Malaysia and Brunei)

* 1879–1919 Afghanistan (protectorate)
* 1882–1963 British North Borneo (Malaysia)
* 1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States
* 1888–1984 Sultanate of Brunei
* 1891–1971 Muscat and Oman protectorate
* 1892–1971 Trucial States
* 1895–1946 Federated Malay States
* 1898–1930 Weihai Garrison

* 1907–1949 Bhutan (protectorate)
* 1918–1961 Kuwait protectorate
* 1920–1932 Iraq8
* 1921–1946 Transjordan8
* 1923–1948 Palestine8
* 1945–1946 South Vietnam
* 1946–1963 North Borneo (Malaysia)
* 1946–1963 Sarawak (Malaysia)
* 1946–1963 Singapore
* 1946–1948 Malayan Union
* 1948–1957 Federation of Malaya (Malaysia)
* Since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus)
* Since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part of Mauritius and the Seychelles)

8 League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty

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Oceania

| 18th and 19th centuries| 20th century

|

* 1788–1901 New South Wales
* 1803–1901 Tasmania
* 1807–1863 Auckland Islands9
* 1824–1980 New Hebrides (Vanuatu)
* 1824–1901 Queensland
* 1829–1901 Western Australia
* 1836–1901 South Australia
* since 1838 Pitcairn Islands

* 1841–1907 Colony of New Zealand
* 1851–1901 Victoria
* 1874–1970 Fiji10
* 1877–1976 British Western Pacific Territories
* 1884–1949 Territory of Papua
* 1888–1901 Cook Islands9
* 1889–1948 Union Islands (Tokelau)9
* 1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands11
* 1893–1978 British Solomon Islands12

* 1900–1970 Tonga (protected state)
* 1900–1974 Niue9
* 1901–1942 *Commonwealth of Australia*Northern Territory
* 1907–1953 *Dominion of New Zealand
* 1919–1942 Nauru
* 1945–1968 Nauru
* 1919–1949 Territory of New Guinea
* 1949–1975 Territory of Papua and New Guinea13

* 9\. Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand.
* 10\. Suspended member.
* 11\. Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu.
* 12\. Now the *Solomon Islands.
* 13\. Now *Papua New Guinea.

Antarctica and South Atlantic

* Since 1658 Saint Helena14
* Since 1815 Ascension Island14
* Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha14
* Since 1908 British Antarctic Territory15
* 1841–1933 Australian Antarctic Territory (transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia)
* 1841–1947 Ross Dependency (transferred to the Realm of New Zealand)

* 14\. Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
* 15\. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands).

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