Lower Heterobranchia

Group of molluscs

Lower Heterobranchia

A live individual of Architectonica perspectiva
Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Mollusca
Class:  | Gastropoda
Subclass:  | Heterobranchia
Infraclass:  | Lower Heterobranchia
Superfamilies

See text

Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea slugs and sea snails, (marine gastropod mollusks) within the subclass Heterobranchia. [1]

Although the great majority of Lower Heterobranchs are indeed marine, a few have succeeded in making the transition to freshwater.

## Description[edit]

The shell shapes in this group are typically those that are seen in the sundial, pyramid, rissoella and orbitestellid families of snails.[2]

Bactroptyxis trachaea, family Nerineidae, superfamily Nerineoidea. Valvata piscinalis, family Valvatidae, superfamily Valvatoidea.

## Taxonomy[edit]

### 2005 taxonomy[edit]

In the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005,[3] the Lower Heterobranchia is an Informal Group. Superfamilies within the Lower Heterobranchia include:

* Unassigned to a superfamily (orbitestellid-shells)
* Family Cimidae
* † Family Dolomitellidae
* † Family Heterosubulitidae
* † Family Kuskokwimiidae
* † Family Misurinellidae
* Family Orbitestellidae
* Family Tjaernoeiidae
* Family Xylodisculidae
* superfamily Acteonoidea
* superfamily Architectonicoidea
* superfamily Glacidorboidea
* superfamily Mathildoidea
* † superfamily Nerineoidea
* superfamily Omalogyroidea
* superfamily Pyramidelloidea
* superfamily Ringiculoidea
* superfamily Rissoelloidea
* † superfamily Streptacidoidea
* superfamily Valvatoidea

(Taxa that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †)

For a more detailed taxonomy see: Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)#Informal group "Lower Heterobranchia" (= Allogastropoda)

### 2010 taxonomy[edit]

Jörger et al. (2010)[4] have redefined major groups within the Heterobranchia: they moved Glacidorboidea and Pyramidelloidea to Panpulmonata.[4]

### 2014 taxonomy[edit]

Wägele et al. (2014):[5] moved Rissoelloidea and Acteonoidea from Lower Heterobranchia to Euthyneura.

### 2016 taxonomy[edit]

Kano et al. (2016):[6] moved Ringiculoidea from Lower Heterobranchia to Euthyneura.

So the following taxa remain within the Lower Heterobranchia:

* Unassigned to a superfamily (orbitestellid-shells)
* Family Cimidae
* † Family Dolomitellidae
* † Family Heterosubulitidae
* † Family Kuskokwimiidae
* † Family Misurinellidae
* Family Orbitestellidae
* Family Tjaernoeiidae
* Family Xylodisculidae
* superfamily Architectonicoidea
* superfamily Mathildoidea
* † superfamily Nerineoidea
* superfamily Omalogyroidea
* † superfamily Streptacidoidea
* superfamily Valvatoidea

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b WoRMS (2020). "Lower Heterobranchia". Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1054700 on 2020-05-16
2. ^ "Molluscsoftasmania.net".
3. ^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
4. ^ a b Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 323. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323.
5. ^ Wägele H., Klussmann-Kolb A., Verbeek E. & Schrödl M. (2014). "Flashback and foreshadowing—a review of the taxon Opisthobranchia". Organisms Diversity & Evolution 14(1): 133–149. doi:10.1007/s13127-013-0151-5
6. ^ Kano, Yasunori; Brenzinger, Bastian; Nützel, Alexander; Wilson, Nerida G.; Schrödl, Michael (2016-08-08). "Ringiculid bubble snails recovered as the sister group to sea slugs (Nudipleura)". Scientific Reports. 6: 30908. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630908K. doi:10.1038/srep30908. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4976385. PMID 27498754.

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q6430801
* Wikispecies: Lower Heterobranchia
* Fossilworks: 57193
* NCBI: 977774
* WoRMS: 1054700

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